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6.1 Organizing the Elements
In a self‐service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.
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2. Explain how elements are organized in a periodic table.
3. Compare the early periodic table created by Mendeleev and the modern periodic table.
4. Identify and describe three broad classes of elements.
5. Describe the periodic law.
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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties.
6.1
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• The Development of the Table1. Dimitri Mendeleev (1834‐1907)
• Created the first periodic table• Russian chemist and teacher• Noticed periodic recurrence of elements
properties• Arranged elements in order of increasing
mass• Able to predict properties of missing
elements
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
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2. Henry Moseley (1887‐1915)• Arranged the elements in order of
increasing atomic number• The basis for the modern periodic table
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• Modern Periodic Table – Elements listed in order of increasing atomic number
– Horizontal rows = Periods • There are 7 periods
– Vertical columns = groups or families.• Families have similar properties
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
6.1
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– Periodic law:• When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.
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– Three systems for numbering groups (all three systems are listed on 158)• US: 1A‐8A• Europe: Roman numerals• IUPAC: 1‐18: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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• Organizing the Elements:1. Metals: 80% of elements
• On the left side of the table (shaded yellow in your textbook)
• Good conductors of heat and electricity• High luster or sheen• Ductile: can be drawn into wires • Most are malleable: can be hammered into sheets
• All metals are solid at room temp. except mercury (Hg)
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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2. Non‐Metals• Upper right corner of the periodic table (purple)
• Plus hydrogen (upper left)• Have greater variation in properties than the metals
• In general, they are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• most are gases at room temperature • a few are solids (S, P) • one is a liquid (Br)
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3. Metalloids• form a stair‐step line between the metals
and the non‐metals (green)• have properties that are similar to both
metals and non‐metals
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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6.1 Section Quiz
The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of
A. colors.
B. melting and boiling points.
C. increasing atomic mass.
D. increasing atomic number.
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6.1 Section Quiz
Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing
A. atomic number.
B. number of protons.
C. number of electrons.
D. atomic mass
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals?
A. ductility
B. malleability
C. having a high luster
D. poor conductor of heat and electricity
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which of these metals have similar chemical and physical properties?
A. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
B. strontium, magnesium, calcium
C. nitrogen, neon, nickel
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which type of element is Au?
A. metal
B. nonmetal
C. metalloid
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which type of element S?
A. metal
B. nonmetal
C. metalloid
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which type of element is silicon?
A. metal
B. nonmetal
C. metalloid
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which type of element is barium?
A. metal
B. nonmetal
C. metalloid
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6.1 Section Quiz
Which two elements have properties similar to Na?
A. lithium & potassium
B. gold & silver
C. magnesium & aluminum