showing radioactive decay. review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element...

Showing Radioactive decay

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Showing Radioactive decay

Review

atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes)

mass number- number of protons + neutrons (isotopes change the # of neutrons)

You can get the atomic number from the periodic table.

You can NOT get the mass number (the mass numbers on the periodic table are the averages of all isotopes found)

Page 3: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Representing isotopes

Carbon-14 and Carbon- 12

Mass number

The atomic number of Carbon is 6

C146 C12

*mass # on top, atomic # on bottom

Page 4: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Showing Alpha Decay

~expulsion of 2 p+ and 2 no

Show the alpha decay of Radon-222.

Rn22286

α decay

lose 2 p+ so the atomic number is now 84

lose 2 p+ and 2 no so the mass number is now 218

21884

element # 84 is Polonium

Po + α

The particle is also released

alpha particle can also be written as 42 He

Page 5: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Show the alpha decay of…

Plutonium-244

Polonium-210

Technetium- 98

Pu24494

α decayU240

Po21084

α decayPb206

Tc9843

α decayNb94

+ α

Page 6: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Showing Beta Decay ~conversion of a neutron to a proton and an

electron, and expulsion of the electron. The beta decay of Lead-214

Pb21482

β decay

gain 1 p+ so the atomic number is now 83

lose 1 no and gain 1 p+ so the mass number is the same

21483

element # 83 is Bismuth

Bi + β

The particle is also released

beta particle can also be written as 0-1e

Page 7: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Show the beta decay of…

Potassium-40

Carbon-14

Thorium-234

K4019

β decayCa40

C146

β decayN14

Th23490

β decayPa234

+ β

Page 8: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Other types of Decay Positron production- a proton converts into a

neutron and a positron, a particle with the same mass of an electron but opposite charge.

The positron production from sodium-22

Na2211

lose 1 p+ so the atomic number is now 10

gain 1 no and lose 1 p+ so the mass number is the same

2210

element # 10 is Neon

Ne +

The particle is also released

Note that is it positive 1 not negative 1 like in beta

0 1e

Page 9: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Electron Capture ~An inner orbital electron is captured by the

nucleus converting a proton into a neutron Electron capture of Aluminum-26

Al +2613

lose 1 p+ so the atomic number is now 12

gain 1 no and lose one 1 p+ so the mass number is the same

2612

element # 12 is Magnesium

Mg 0-1e

Page 10: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Positron production and Electron capture commonly occur together Show the positron production, then electron

capture of… Pb-201

Cs-129

Pb20182

20181

Tl 0 1+ e

0 -1+ e Hg201

Cs12955

12954

Xe 0 1+ e

0 -1+ e I129

Page 11: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Cont. After electron capture, there is an unfilled

orbital in the lowest energy level. Other electrons will have to “fall” down to

replace it. In doing so they will release a photon,

gamma radiation or some other EM wave. A positron particle was also released during

this process.

Page 12: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Decay Series

More often than not a stable isotope is NOT formed from decay. (, or others)

You normally form an unstable isotope which decays again

(repeat this several times until you get a stable isotope)

This continual decay is called a decay series.

Page 13: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

A decay series

Page 14: Showing Radioactive decay. Review atomic number- number of protons (if this changes the element changes) mass number- number of protons + neutrons

Homework

Start with Bi-214. Show the decay followed by the decay followed by the decay followed by the decay followed by the decay.

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