Slide 1

Session 8

Slide 2

Indian Subcontinent The Indian Subcontinent is made up of how many countries?

Slide 3

Indian Subcontinent Answer: 7 countries

Slide 4

Indian Subcontinent Name the 7 countries in the Indian Subcontinent?

Slide 5

Indian Subcontinent 1.India 2.Bangladesh 3.Pakistan 4.Nepal 5.Bhutan 6.Sri Lanka 7.Maldives

Slide 6

Indian Subcontinent What is the most prominent physical feature (Mountain) of the Indian Subcontinent?

Slide 7

Indian Subcontinent Answer: The Himalayas

Slide 8

Indian Subcontinent How many people have climbed Mt. Everest?

Slide 9

Indian Subcontinent Answer: Over 5000 people

Slide 10

Indian Subcontinent What is the worlds second highest mountain?

Slide 11

Indian Subcontinent Answer: K2

Slide 12

Indian Subcontinent Where is K2 located?

Slide 13

Indian Subcontinent Answer: K2 is located in Pakistans Karakoram Mountain range.

Slide 14

Indian Subcontinent

Slide 15

Which country does the Indus river flow through?

Slide 16

Indian Subcontinent Answer: Pakistan

Slide 17

Indian Subcontinent What is the most sacred river in India?

Slide 18

Indian Subcontinent Answer: The Ganges

Slide 19

Indian Subcontinent The land referred to as the Indian subcontinent is a tectonic plate that began to separate itself from other surrounding slabs of rock (or plates) millions of years ago. The movement of that plate changed the landscape, and formed the Himalayas, the world's most elevated mountain range; home to Mount Everest, the world's tallest mountain. Most of this region rests on the Indian Plate and is isolated from the rest of Asia by mountain barriers. The subcontinent land itself is a peninsula that extends south into the Indian Ocean. It includes all of India, as well as Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. This region is also known as South Asia, South Asian Subcontinent. This area is Asia's 10% or the world's 2.4% of the land.

Slide 20

Indian subcontinent in Asia Continent

Slide 21

Slide 22

Indian map and Flag Flag Description Three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; saffron represents courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation; white signifies purity and truth; green stands for faith and fertility; the blue Ashoka chakra symbolizes the wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation.

Slide 23

INDIA What are the boundaries of India?

Slide 24

INDIA Answer: Himalayas - North Bay of Bengal - East Arabian Sea - West Indian Ocean - South

Slide 25

INDIA What is the capital city of India?

Slide 26

INDIA Answer: New Delhi

Slide 27

INDIA What is the currency of India?

Slide 28

INDIA Rupee

Slide 29

INDIA What is the National Anthem of India?

Slide 30

INDIA Answer: Jana Gana Mana - By RabindraNath Tagore

Slide 31

INDIA When did India gain Independence?

Slide 32

INDIA Answer: 15 August 1947

Slide 33

Quick Facts Name -Republic of India, Bharat, Hindustan Location - The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the Himalayas. The country is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. Time Zone - IST (UTC+05:30) Bordering Countries - (6) Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), China, Nepal, Pakistan Area -Seventh largest country in the world (land) 1,147,950 sq miles (2,973,193 sq km); (water) 121,262 sq miles (314,070 sq km) (TOTAL) 1,269,212 sq miles (3,287,263 sq km) Coastline: 4,349 miles (7,000 km) Capital -New Delhi Currency - Indian Rupee (INR) India Population: 1,220,800,359 Independence - 15 August 1947 (from the UK) National Symbols National Anthem - "Jana-Gana-Mana composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore National Song - The song Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji State Emblem - The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. National Bird - The Indian peacock National Animal Tiger National Flower - Lotus

Slide 34

Quick Facts Continued Ethnic groups - Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% Religions - Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% Geographic Center - About 33.64 miles (54.13 km) east of Bhopal Climate - Varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north Terrain - upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north Natural Resources - coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land Natural hazards - droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes volcanism: Barren Island (elev. 354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years Environment current issues - deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources Highest point - Kanchenjunga 28,208 ft (8,598 m); third highest mountain in the world. Lowest Point - Indian Ocean 0m

Slide 35

Indian States and Territories India comprises of 29 states and 7 union territories. In 1956, under the States Reorganization Act, states were reorganized on a linguistic basis. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts. The districts in turn are further divided into tehsils and ultimately into villages. Languages: Hindi 41% (Official Language), Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% English is the subsidiary official language Sanskrit is considered as the mother of all higher languages. Largest Cities: (by population) Mumbai (Bombay), Delhi, Calcutta, Bangalore, Chennai (Madras)

Slide 36

State and Union Territories Names States 1. Andhra Pradesh2. Arunachal Pradesh3. Assam 4. Bihar5. Chhattisgarh6. Goa 7. Gujarat8. Haryana9. Himachal Pradesh 10. Jammu and Kashmir11. Jharkhand12. Karnataka 13. Kerala14. Madhya Pradesh15. Maharashtra 16. Manipur17. Meghalaya18. Mizoram 19. Nagaland20. Odisha21. Punjab 22. Rajasthan23. Sikkim24. Tamil Nadu 25. Telangana26. Tripura27. Uttar Pradesh 28. Uttarakhand29. West Bengal Union territories 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands2. Chandigarh 3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli4. Daman and Diu 5. Lakshadweep6. National Capital Territory of Delhi 7. Puducherry

Slide 37

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Mountain Ranges: Himalaya Range Karakoram Range Purvanchal Range Vindhya Range Satpura Range Aravalli Range Eastern Ghats Western Ghats Grasslands:Sundarbans Plateau Regions: Chota Nagapur Plateau Deccan Plateau Deserts: Great Indian Islands: Andaman Lakshadweep Nicobar Peninsulas: Kathiawar Straits: Palk Bays: Bay of Bengal Gulfs: Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Mannar Ocean: Indian Seas: Andaman Arabian Laccadive Rivers: Brahmaputra Ganges Yamuna Indus

Slide 38

Mountain Ranges of India There are a total of eight major mountain ranges in India. All of these have peaks with a height of over 1000 feet. Himalaya Range Karakoram Range Purvanchal or Patkai Range Vindhya Range Satpura Range Aravalli Range Eastern Ghats Western Ghats

Slide 39

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA HIMALAYA RANGE The highest mountain range Himalayas means abode of snow is the one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world. By extension Himalaya Range also include the Karakoram, the Hindu Kush, and other lesser ranges. Karakoram is one of the Greater Ranges of Asia. Himalaya mountain ranges are the highest in the planet and home for the worlds highest peaks that include Mount Everest and K2. The Great Himalaya mountain is a source of some of major rivers in India as well as in the world. The second longest glacier in the world Siachen Glacier is also the part of Great Himalaya range. Great Himalaya also host some of the most amazing valleys which contains group of most beautiful lakes in India such as Pangong Tso - Ladakh, Tsongmo Lake -Sikkim and the frozen one Sela Lake of Tawang. Kangchenjunga and K10 Saltoro Kangri I are respective highest mountain peaks of Himalaya Ranges and Karakoram ranges in Indian territories.

Slide 40

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA VINDHYA RANGE The Vindhya range is one of seven chief holy mountain ranges in India. The Vindhya geographically separates the Northern India from the Southern India as it runs across the central India. Vindhya range is a very old mountain range in central India. It extends in east-west direction from Varanasi through Madhya Pradesh to Gujrat. Vindhya range is parallel to Satpura ranges. The southern slopes of the range are drained by the Holy Narmada River also known as Narmada valley. Amarkantak is the tallest peak of Vindhya Range with an elevation of 1,048 m (3,438 ft) in Madhya Pradesh.

Slide 41

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA VINDHYA RANGE

Slide 42

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA PURVANCHAL/PATKAI RANGE The Purvanchal Range is the extension of the Great Himalaya range in north-east region of India. It is parallel to Karakoram and ladakh range. Three hill ranges that come under the Purvanchal ranges are, the Patkai, the Garo KhasiJaintia and Lushai Hills. It is the most densely forested area and full of flora and fauna in India. These hill region also known for highest rainfall. Cherrapunji and Mawsynram are well famous for highest annual rainfall and wettest place on earth. Phawngpui is the highest peak of Purvanchal Range situated in Manipur with an elevation of 2,157 m (7,077 ft).

Slide 43

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA SATPURA RANGE The Satpura range stretches through the states in the central part of India. It extend across Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Satpura range is triangular in shape with its apex at Ratnapuri other two sides being parallel to the Tapti and Sacred Narmada River. The Narmada and the Tapti are the only major rivers that flow into the Arabian Sea. It runs parallel to the Vindhya range, The Satpura range was formerly heavily forested. These forest provide habitat for some of Indias remaining large mammals, including The Royal Bengal Tiger, gaur, bear and black buck. The highest peak of Satpura mountain range is Dhupgarh with an height of 1,350 m (4,429 ft) in Madhya Pradesh.

Slide 44

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA ARAVALLI RANGE The Aravali range is the oldest mountain range in India, running across Rajasthan to Haryana. The Aravalli range is the eroded stub of a range of ancient folded mountains. Aravalli Range is one of the most popular mountain ranges in India also known as mewat hills. Aravalli range is famous for mineral resources and surrounded by dense forests with rich in flora and fauna. The highest peak of Aravali Mountain Range is Guru Shikhar with height 1,722 m (5,650 ft) at Mount Abu.

Slide 45

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA WESTERN GHAT RANGE The range starts near the border of Gujarat and ending at Kanyakumari. About sixty percent of the Sahyadri Range are located in the state of Karnataka. This area is one of the worlds ten Hottest biodiversity hotpots. The Arabian sea area is known as Konkan area, one of the best tourist attraction in India. Green city Pune is the largest city within this mountain range in Maharashtra. The western ghats mountain ranges make up an impressive fortress all along Kerala. There are a number of beautiful hill stations and wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala. AnaiMudi in the Anaimalai Hills in Kerala is the highest peak in the Western Ghats.

Slide 46

MOUNTAIN RANGES OF INDIA EASTERN GHAT RANGE The Eastern Ghats is an irregular range of mountains, which include four major rivers The Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri. Its range start from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu. The Nilgiri hills The Blue Mountains in Tamil Nadu lies at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats. This area has the largest population of Indian elephant. This discontinuous mountain ranges run parallel to the Bay of Bengal. The Shevaroy hills is the highest peak in the Easter Ghat.

Slide 47

North East Region Northeast India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura), Sikkim, and parts of North Bengal (districts of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, and Koch Bihar). In the far northeast, the Chin Hills and Kachin Hills, deeply forested mountainous regions, separate India from Myanmar. The Bangladesh-India border is defined by the Khasi Hills and Mizo Hills, and the watershed region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The Patkai, or Purvanchal, are situated near India's eastern border with Myanmar, made up of the PatkaiBum, the GaroKhasi Jaintia and the Lushai hills. The GaroKhasi range lies in Meghalaya. Mawsynram, a village near Cherrapunji, located on the windward side of these hills, has the distinction of being the wettest place in the world.

Slide 48

Central Region Vindhyachal mountain range defines central India, located as they are almost in the middle part of Indian sub- continent. The mountain range of Vindhyachal extends from the state of Gujarat to Bihar, passing through the central Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Sonabhadra and Narmada rivers originate from the Vindhyachal, the mountain range that divides India into two distinct halves: northern India and peninsular India.

Slide 49

South Region South India is located in the Peninsular Deccan Plateau and is bordered by the Arabian Sea in the West, the Indian Ocean to the south and the Bay of Bengal to the east. South India also includes two mountain ranges; The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. India reaches its peninsular tip with South India, which begins with the Deccan in the north and ends with Kanyakumari. The states in South India are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Puducherry.

Slide 50

West Region The states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, and Rajasthan constitute Western India. Extending from the Gujarat peninsula down to Goa, the west coast is lined with some of India's best beaches. The land along the coast is typically lush with rainforests. The Western Ghats separate the verdant coast from the Vindhya Mountains and the dry Deccan plateau further inland. Apart from the Arabian Sea, its western border is defined exclusively by Pakistan. West India is bordered by the Thar Desert in the Northwest and the Vindhya Range in the north.

Slide 51

North Region Himalayas, the world's highest mountain chain and Nepal as its neighboring country, dominate India's northern border. Following the sweeping mountains to the northeast, its borders narrow to a small channel that passes between Nepal, Tibet, Bangladesh, and Bhutan, then spreads out again to meet Burma in the "eastern triangle. North India is the country's largest region begins with Jammu and Kashmir, with terrain varying from arid mountains in the far north to the lake country and forests near Srinagar and Jammu. Moving south along the Indus river, the North becomes flatter and more hospitable, widening into the fertile plains of Punjab to the west and the Himalayan foothills of Uttar Pradesh and the Ganges river valley to the East. Located between these two states is the capital city, Delhi.

Slide 52

East Region India is the home of the sacred River Ganges and the majority of Himalayan foothills, East India begins with the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal, which comprise the westernmost part of the region. East India also contains an area known as the eastern triangle, which is entirely distinct. This is the last area of land that extends beyond Bangladesh, culminating in the Naga Hills along the Burmese border.

Slide 53

RIVER MAP OF INDIA Seven major rivers (Indus, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi) along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of India. All major rivers of India originate from one of the three main watersheds. The Himalaya and the Karakoram ranges Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India The Indian River system is classified as Himalayan, peninsular, coastal, and inland- drainage basin rivers. Himalayan Rivers The main Himalayan river systems are the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra river systems. Peninsular Rivers (the rivers traversing the Deccan Plateau) The main peninsular river systems include the Narmada, the Tapi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri and the Mahanadi river systems. Coastal rivers gush down the peaks of the Western Ghats into the Arabian Sea Streams like the Sambhar in western Rajasthan are mainly seasonal in character, draining into the inland basins and salt lakes.

Slide 54