Office of High Energy Physics

Dennis Kovar

Associate Director for High Energy Physics

Office of Science

U.S. Department of Energy

Report to the Board of Physics and AstronomyApril 23, 2010

OFFICE OF

SCIENCE

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DOE Office of Science (SC)

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)

High Energy Physics attempts to understand how our universe works at its most fundamental level by:

discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy

probing the interactions between them,

exploring the basic nature of space and time itself.

DOE SC OHEP Program is the U.S. Federal Steward of HEP research

providing over 90 % of federal support to

– design, construct and operate the research facilities needed to advance our knowledge

– support the researchers at universities and laboratories to carry out the research

– develop the advanced technologies and next generation scientific/technical workforce

The Scientific community identifies the scientific opportunities and their priorities

defines the scientific field and future direction

– DOE/NSF chartered High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) Reports

– Other scientific reports (National Academy, AAAC, OECD GSF, etc.)

– Facility PACs, DOE Reviews, etc.

HEP Mission is to maintain the Nation’s leadership/competency in HEP research

with responsibilities to

– establish a strategic plan that address the identified scientific opportunities

– formulate, justify and defend Budget Requests to implement that plan

– effectively manage the funding obtained to deliver significant outcomes

What is Leadership?

What is required for US program to maintain leadership in HEP?

Maintain and expand our world-class technology R&D program

To exploit the most promising new developments for HEP

To serve the nation’s needs in science as well as medicine, industry, energy, etc.

Implement capabilities for U.S. leadership Intensity Frontier program

Transition the Fermilab accelerator complex to a world-class intensity frontier facility

Work with NSF and other countries to establish world-class intensity frontier experiments

Drive expansion of the scientific frontiers

A compelling program that delivers discoveries and attracts the best scientific talent

NAS EPP2010 Report

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HEP Strategic Plan

The DOE HEP program, with input from the scientific community (HEPAP), is pursuing a long-range plan that

maintains a leadership role for the U.S. at the three scientific frontiers that define the field.

The major elements of this plan are to:

enable U.S. leadership roles in the Tevatron and LHC

programs at the Energy Frontier

achieve the vision of a world-leading U.S. neutrino

and rare decay program at the Intensity Frontier,

building on

the existing accelerator infrastructure at Fermilab

deploy selected, high-impact experiments at the

Cosmic Frontier

support accelerator R&D to position the U.S. to be at

the forefront of advanced technologies for next-

generation facilities.

maintain a strong, productive university and

laboratory research community

Lays out what the nation will get with different investments

Scenario A (FY 2008 Approp + COL) – unable to mount world-class programs at all three frontiers

Scenario B (FY 2007 Approp + COL) – productive programs at all three frontiers

Scenario C (FY 2007 ACI level) – leadership programs – partner in TeV-scale facility

Scenario D (additional above C) – the funding to host next TeV-scale facility

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A plan to develop tools that

address opportunities at the scientific frontiers

Energy Frontier

highest energy particle beams

fundamental constituents and architecture of nature

Intensity Frontier

intense particle beams

and highly sensitive detectors

unique investigations of fundamental

interactions.

Cosmic Frontier

using particles from space

to explore new phenomena

and nature of dark matter and dark energy

Tools Today Future Tools

Tevatron

LHC (hadron) LHC upgrades

LHC Detectors LHC Detectors upgrades

(lepton) TeV Lepton Collider

LQCD & SciDAC LQCD & SciDAC

Fermilab/NuMi NuMi (700kW) Project X (2000 kW)

MINOS, Minerva NOvA LBNE

Mu2e

EXO Double Beta Decay

Daya Bay

LQCD & SciDAC LQCD & SciDAC

BOSS ( Dark Energy ) DES, LSST

Supernova Searches ( Dark Energy ) JDEM

CDMS, ADMX ( Dark Matter ) SuperCDMS-Soudan

COUPP-60 ( Dark Matter ) LUX, Large DM experiment

Fermi (GLAST) ( Gammas )

VERITAS ( Gammas ) HAWC, VERITAS-upgrade. AGIS

Pierre Auger South ( Cosmic Rays ) AMS, Pierre Auger – North

SciDAC SciDAC

HEP FY 2011 Budget Request

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2009

Current

Appropriation

FY 2009 **

Current

Recovery Act

Appropriations

FY 2010

Current

Appropriations Delta

FY 2011

Request Percent

High Energy Physics

Proton Accelerator Based Physics 401,368 107,990 434,167 5,095 439,262 1.2%

Electron Accelerator Based Physics 32,030 1,400 27,427 -2,720 24,707 -9.9%

Non Accelerator Based Physics 101,138 4,445 99,625 -11,086 88,539 -11.1%

Theoretical Physics 66,148 5,975 66,962 2,562 69,524 3.8%

Adavanced Technolgy R&D 195,042 * 116,690 * 182,302 7,666 189,968 4.2%

Subtotal, High Energy Physics 795,726 236,500 810,483 1,517 812,000 0.2%

Construction 0 0 0 17,000 17,000

Total, High Energy Physics 795,726 * 236,500 * 810,483 18,517 829,000 2.3%

1.90%

** The Recovery Act Current Appropriation column reflects the allocation of funding as of September 30, 2009.

• Total includes SBIR/STTR: $17,730,000 of which was transferred to the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)

program and $2,128,000 of which was transferred to the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program.

FY 2011 Request is a +2.3% increase compared to FY 2010 Appropriation

FY 2010 Appropriations were a +1.9% increase over FY 2009 Appropriations

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FY 2011 Program Highlights

Energy Frontier

Tevatron will operate in FY 2011 (possibility of discovery or ruling out over a significant fraction of the allowed mass

region for the Higgs boson in the Standard Model at the 95% confidence level).

U.S. LHC program is supported (at a level that will allow U.S. researchers to play an leading role in extracting

physics from the data obtained and in planned upgrades).

Intensity Frontier

On-going MIE projects (NOvA and Daya Bay) are supported on planned schedules

First investments (MicroBooNE, Mu2e and LBNE) made for next generation U.S. leadership program

Cosmic Frontier

Support ongoing programs (e.g.; Fermi, AMS, VERITAS, Pierre Auger, BOSS, CDMS-II, COUPP, LUX, ADMX)

On-going MIE projects (DES, SuperCDMS-Soudan) are supported on planned schedules

R&D for possible future experiments (guidance from HEPAP (PASAG) and NRC Astro2010)

Core Research

EPP Research supported at a level that will maintain scientific workforce and the ability to be productive

Advanced Technology R&D supports high risk, high impact initiatives, development of infrastructure (e.g.; BELLA

and FACET) and core competencies important for the U.S.

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Energy Frontier

Proton Facilities

Fermilab Tevatron

Illinois

Large Hadron Collider

Geneva

Chicago

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Energy Frontier

The Tevatron Opportunity

Entering unexplored territory: First direct limits on Higgs Boson since 2000 (LEP2)

As more data is collected, either the exclusion region will expand or first hints of the Higgs boson will appear

Real competition with LHC for first Higgs observation

Many new results: resonances, W mass, single-top, Higgs constraints

Energy Frontier:

Recent Activities & Plans

LHC Program

– Collided beam at 7 TeV center of mass energy ( March 30, 2010)

• Congratulations to the accelerator and detector groups!

• 1fb-1 @ 7 TeV center of mass energy main objective for 2010-2011 run

– CERN is in the process of defining its mid-term plan for the LHC program

• U.S. is planning to participate in the LHC program

• Participation includes detector / accelerator ”modest upgrades”

• Present US-CERN MOU lasts until 2017

Next generation Lepton Collider

– Next generation lepton collider “decision” awaits results from LHC and commitments of

interested participants

• Envisioned to happen ~ FY 2012 – now expected to happen later

• Working to define a US R&D FY2012–2015 program

– Working with to establish a five year national muon accelerator R&D plan

• Fermilab has been charged to organize this national effort10

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Intensity Frontier

Neutrino Program

Goals for the next phases of the experimental program in neutrino oscillations:

The mixing angles

The ordering of the neutrino mass states.

The extent of CP violation in neutrino sector.

There is worldwide effort to address these questions

DOE Program:

• Fermilab: Accelerator-based Neutrino Oscillations

– Running: MINOS, Minerva, MicroBoone

– Under construction: NOvA

– In planning stages: Long Baseline Neutrino Exp. (LBNE)

– Supported by a series of phased beam upgrades

• Elsewhere:

– Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Detector (China) - reactor neutrino oscillation

– Double Chooz (France) - reactor neutrino oscillation

– Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K/Japan) - accelerator neutrino oscillation

– Enriched Xenon experiment (EXO/U.S.) - double beta decay

NuMI Horn

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Intensity Frontier

Fermilab Neutrino Program

NOvA

(off-axis)NSF’s proposed

Underground Lab.

DUSEL

MiniBooNE

MicroBooNE

MINERvA

MINOS (on-axis

1300 km

735 km

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U.S. Intensity Frontier Program

The HEPAP envisioned “world-class” intensity frontier program entails evolution of the Fermilab accelerator complex

– MINOS/Minerva NOvA (700kW) LBNE (700kW) SLBNE (2000 kW)\

– The accelerator infrastructure allow: SLBNE neutrino factory muon collidier (regain the Energy Frontier)

Envisioned “world-class” intensity frontier program also entails development of an underground detector

– LBNE need a large underground detector (~100-300 ktons)

– A large detector (~300 kton) at the right depth (~5000 ft) detector can also do proton decay

– Physics goals: searches for CP violation and proton decay at factors of 10-100 greater sensitivity

Goals are ambitious and will take significant combined (DOE, NSF, other countries) resources

– NSF is proposing a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL)

– Europeans have a large underground detector in their strategic planning

– Japanese are also interested in the science

DOE and NSF have had discussion with OMB and OSTP on how to coordinate planning

– NSF is supporting the preliminary design of the DUSEL facility and a suite of experiments

– DOE HEP has CD-0 approval for the LBNE that includes the neutrino beam and a large underground detector

– DOE and NSF are working together to coordinate their efforts, avoid duplication, and optimize their investments

– DOE Undersecretary Koonin and NSF Director Bement submitted to OMB a joint statement indicating support

Intensity Frontier:

Other Activities

Other Intensity Frontier “scientific opportunities”

HEP has received a report from SLAC describing possible US options in SuperB (Italy)

– Three possible scenarios (both minimal and optimal)

1. Provision of reusable PEP-II and BABAR components

2. 1 + additional funding for US participation in detector program

3. 2 + additional funding for US participation in accelerator program

HEP expects to get a proposal for participation in Belle-II at SuperKEKB (Japan)

– Participation in detector subsystems

HEP expects to get a proposal for implementing the g-2 experiment at Fermilab

– Utilizes existing Fermilab infrastructure and planned upgrades (and BNL D&D)

HEP will conduct peer-reviews of these “scientific opportunities”

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Cosmic Ray Astrophysics

Pierre Auger – Argentina

Gamma-ray Astrophysics

Launched June 2008

Dark Matter

(WIMPs)

COUPP-60

SuperCDMS

LUX

Dark Matter

(axions)

ADMX

Dark Energy

(ground-based)

DES

(BOSS)

LSST - proposed

JDEM - proposed

AMS – launch late 2010

VERITAS

Anti-matter, Dark Matter

FGST

Cosmic Frontier

Particle Astrophysics Experiments

Dark Energy

(space-based)

Other Possible Future:

Dark Matter experiments –

next step

Dark Energy: BigBOSS

Cosmic/Gamma: AGIS,

Auger-North

Cosmic Microwave Bkgnd:

QUIET-II

Fermi – 1st year all

sky survey

HEP Cosmic Frontier

Recent Results

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VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in Arizona

• Operating since 2008

• Recently found TeV gamma-ray emission from new class of source

• Publishing ~ 1 paper per month

Pierre Auger cosmic-ray observatory in Argentina

• Full operations since 2008

• Recent results indicate a limit on cosmic ray energies from distant sources.

1st year all sky survey

Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in Minnesota

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

• Dec. 2009 - Observation of two events may be dark matter candidates(but have 23% chance of being a statistical fluctuation)

• Fabrication of an upgraded detector, SuperCDMS, underway

• Launched June 2008

• Aug. 2009 - First year of data released with 1500 sources 100 MeV to 100 GeV

Non-Accelerator Physics:

Recent Activities and Plans

DOE and NASA continue to work to identify the path forward on a Joint Dark Energy Mission

– Two concepts (IDECS and OMEGA) presented to Astro2010 in June 2009.

– Costs are not compatible with current budget projections

– Project Offices (GSFC and LBNL) developing a $650M-capped mission concept

– Advice being provided by the Interim Science Working Group (since December 2009)

– ESA has indicated interest in a partnership on their proposed dark energy mission

– NASA and ESA are studying the possibilities of such a partnership

DOE and NSF charged HEPAP to assess opportunities in particle astrophysics

– HEPAP [Particle Astrophysics Scientific Assessment Group (PASAG)] Report was submitted in 2009

– Guidance is being utilized in DOE SC HEP planning

Looking for guidance from Astro2010 - the findings and recommendations:

– Will influence the opportunities for HEP participation

– Will inform OHEP on scientific/technical aspects of particle astrophysics

(e.g.; optimum dark energy strategy with available resources)

OECD Global Science Forum Astroparticle Physics Working Group

– Global coordination and planning of astroparticle physics experiments

– Study report will be completed in Oct. 2010

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Guidance

HEPAP (PASAG) Report

Optimized program over the next 10 years in 4 funding scenarios:

• Similar to P5 funding Scenarios

Prioritization Criteria for Particle Astrophysics

• Science addressed by the project necessary (significant step towards HEP goals)

• Particle physicist participation necessary (significant value added/feasibility)

• Scale matters (particularly at boundary between particle physics and astrophysics)

Priorities are generally aligned with recommendations for Cosmic Frontier in the 2008 HEPAP (P5) Report

• Dark matter & dark energy both remain high priorities

Guidance:

• Dark energy funding (recommended for largest budget portion) should not significantly compromise US

leadership in dark matter, where a discovery could be imminent

• Dark energy and dark matter together should not completely zero out other important activities

• HEP (along with NASA and NSF) awaits Astro2010 Report before decisions on proposed major projects (AGIS,

Auger-North, BigBOSS, JDEM, LSST).

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Advanced Technology R&D

The US Particle Accelerator School

Superconducting Cable

& High Field Magnets

Accelerator

Science

Accelerators

Muon

Collider

International Linear Collider

Superconducting

Cavity

Technology

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Advanced Technology R&D

Significant activities and issues

U.S. leadership in Accelerator R&D

Historically the U.S. has been a leader in the development of advanced accelerators

The developments have been largely driven by the HEP program, and supported by the DOE HEP, in the quest

for higher energies and intensities and more demanding beam properties.

U.S. leadership in this area is being challenged by efforts in other regions and countries

– Investments have been made and are being made in new forefront HEP accelerator facilities

– There appears to be recognition by governments of the importance of accelerator competency and infrastructure

– Industrial capabilities have been nurtured in Europe/Japan and are now preferred vendors for specialized

accelerator components

HEP has begun to address this technology gap

– Started in FY 2007 to nurture the development critical accelerator capabilities (e.g.; SRF cavities) in the U.S.

– Participating in the international ILC and muon collider effort R&D effort

– Significant Recovery Act funding directed towards accelerator R&D and in particular industrialization

HEP sponsored an Accelerator R&D Workshop in 2009

– to make a more direct connection between fundamental accelerator technology and applications

– To obtain guidance on the needs of federal programs and the private sector

– Report is expected soon

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U.S. HEP program

at a crossroad

U.S. has not made investments in onshore HEP research capabilities

Number of U.S. accelerator user facilities has been reduced to one

Investments have not implemented a sustainable U.S. program

– Major investment over last decade has been offshore (LHC)

– Proposed onshore initiatives have not materialized (BTeV, ILC,.…)

Foreign nations have made (are planning to make) investments in HEP research capabilities

Europe CERN/LHC (Phase I &II) Energy Frontier

Japan J-PARC / S- BELLE neutrinos /rare decay/ e+-e- collider

China BES-II / Daya Bay electron beams / neutrinos

Italy (Super-B) e+-e- collider

If the U.S. wants to remain among the leaders investments need to be made

A realistic strategic plan has been developed that will position the U.S. to play a leadership role

– Develop research infrastructure in the U.S. that produces outstanding science and a technology foundation

– Provides a role for U.S. scientists in campaigns at all three scientific frontiers

– Positions the U.S. for a productive, sustainable program in the future

Leadership in HEP is important to the Nation

– Delivers new knowledge/discoveries about the world we live in - that have significant impact on other scientific fields

– Attracts and trains a next generation of scientists for the Nation’s scientific workforce

– Develops advanced technologies that are important for the Nation’s security and competitiveness

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U.S. HEP Strategic Plan will develop the tools

that will deliver outstanding science

Program Elements Goals 10-year Plan

(discoveries/answers to questions)

Energy Frontier Physics New particles (Higgs, SUSY) Complete the Tevatron Program

Extra dimensions Partner with CERN to make

discoveries and realize the

benefits of a decade of

investments at the LHC

Intensity Frontier Physics Neutrino properties Implement and carry out a U.S.

Matter- antimatter asymmetry world-leading Intensity Frontier

Unification of Forces program based on Fermilab

infrastructure in partnership with

NSF

Cosmic Frontier Physics Dark Energy Implement compelling particle

Dark Matter astrophysics opportunities for

discovery in partnership with other

agencies as appropriate

Advanced Technology R&D Position the U.S. to be at the Maintain and nurture core

forefront of accelerator and competencies, encourage technology

instrumentation technology transfer, and mount campaigns to

make technological breakthroughs

that enable HEP and DOE/SC programs

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A Plan that will deliver new

technologies and scientists for the Nation

The accelerator and detector technologies developed for high energy physics

research in the past have had important impacts on the Nation’s economy,

security, and society. (See http://www.science.doe.gov/hep/benefits/index.shtml)

– Sciences: Many of the tools developed for particle physics have led to important

scientific innovations, such as the synchrotron light source, that benefit other

areas of science.

– Medicine: Accelerators and detector technologies first developed for particle

physics are now used throughout the nation to treat and diagnose patients

– Homeland security Similarly, detector technologies have found uses in cargo

scanning and monitoring of nuclear waste and proliferation

– Computing: To record and analyze the unprecedented volumes of data generated

in particle collisions, particle physicists have developed cutting-edge computing

technologies, including the www and grid strategies

An important benefit to the Nation provided by the OHEP program is the

recruitment and training of a highly motivated, highly trained scientific and

technical work force.

– About 80% of those completing doctoral degrees in particle physics or accelerator

science ultimately pursue careers in outside high energy physics research: i.e.;

• industry, national defense, information technology, medical instrumentation,

electronics, communications, biophysics, etc.