hnemkw

FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-K-Xn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 2475668. C sa-bn¬ sasthragathy@gmail.comamt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KXn, tImgn-t°mSv 673 002t^m¨ : 2701919, C sa-bn¬ ksspmagazine@gmail.com

FUn-‰¿ : B¿.-hn.Pn.- tat\m≥, amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ : sI. cm[≥

FIvkn-Iyp´ohv FUn-‰¿: B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW-≥, Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿: ]n. kptc-jv

]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn: s{]m^. sI.-B¿ P\m¿Z\≥, s{]m^. Sn.-]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥, s{]m^. sI. ]m∏q´nSn. cm[m-a-Wn, kn.-hn. N{μ≥, tUm. B¿.-_n. cmP-e£van, tUm. sI. cmPvtam-l≥, tUm. sI. hnP-b-Ip-am¿

tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬, B¿. KncojvvIp-am¿, AUz. Sn. Ko\m-Ip-amcn, hn.-ss_-Pp, ]n. {]Im-i≥

Nn{Xo-I-cWw: sI. kXojv Ih¿ & teHu´v: ]n. {]Zo]v ssS∏v sk‰nMv: hn[p. ]n.-Fkv

teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-߃ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv; imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

H‰-{]Xn : 12 cq] ˛ hm¿jn-I-h-cn-kwJy : 125 cq]

2011 sk]vXw-_¿ tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØvhmeyw 47 e°w 3

22 A∂m amWnsb Hm¿°ptºmƒtUm. B¿.hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

26 sP.-Un. _¿Wm-en-s\-∏-‰n...tUm. kn.-Pn. cma-N-{μ≥\m-b¿

28 ho≠pw Ão^≥ tlm°nMvat\mPv Fw kzman

31 B{^n-°-bn¬\n∂vXan-gv\m- n-te°v?kn.-hn. N{μ≥

34 ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ßfpwIpSpw-_-{iobpwB¿. Knco-jvIp-am¿

40 tIc-f-Øns‚ ka-{K-hn-I-k-\wAtim-I≥ Rmd-bv°¬

kμ¿in°pI: www.kssp.in

Ih¿tÃmdn:

Ata-cn° sR´p-tºmƒP\-߃ Adn-™n-cn-t°≠Xvs{]m^. Sn.-]n.-Ip-™n-°-Æ≥

45 P∏m≥ kp\man:A\p-`-h-߃ ]mT-am-°WwtUm. Fkv. {ioIp-am¿

51 \K-c-h-XvI-cWwDb¿Øp∂ sh√p-hnfnhn.-sI. Pbvtkm-a-\m-Y≥

53 ]pkvX-I-]-cn-Nbw:

ZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bnse{KmaoW ]uc-k-aqlwkXojv B¿. sF.-B¿.-Sn.-kn.

57 Im¿´q¨ ]w‡n:

lc-W- ewsI. kXojv

58 imkv{X-hm¿ØtUm.-Fw.-B¿. kpZ¿i-\-Ip-am¿

[h-f-]-{X-hn-hm-Z-Øns‚s]mcpƒ F¥v?kn.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥

6

17

4 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

IØp-Iƒ

h\-hm-kn-I-fpsS{]iv\-ßfpw

N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-S-Wwk¿,

1952-˛se tZiob h\-\bw BZn-hm-kn-Isf h\-kw-c-£W h\-]m-e\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°-W-sa∂pw Ah-cpsS t£a-Øn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ h\-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ \S-∏n-em-°-W-sa∂pw{]tXyIw \njvI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p. BZn-hm-kn-Isf AP≠Iƒ°p-≈n¬Xf®v h≥InS Itø-‰-°m¿°v h\- qanItødn FtÃ-‰p-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-hm-\p≈ kuI-cy-߃ sNbvXp sImSp-°p-I-bmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-b-Xv.BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°v G‰hpw A[nIwsXmgn¬ Zn\-߃ kw`m-h\ sNøp-∂Xv h\w hIp-∏m-Wv. k¿°m¿AwKo-I-cn® Iqen-t]mepw \¬ImsXe£-°-W-°n\v cq] Hmtcm h¿jhpwh\w hIp∏v DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpwI¨ho-\¿amcpw AS-ßp∂ am^nbCu ]mh-ß-fpsS I™n-°-e -Øn¬\n∂pw sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-I-bm-Wv.imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv h¿j-߃°p-apºv Ah-X-cn-∏n® "HØp-Ifn' F∂ sXcphv \mS-I-Ønse cwK-߃ Hcp am‰-hp-an-√msX C∂pw XpS-cp-∂p. ImSn-s\-°p-dn®v N¿®-sN-øp-tºmƒ h\-hm-kn-I-fpsS {]iv\-ßfpwXo¿®-bmbpw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-S-Ww.

sI.-]n. kptc-jvIp-am¿

sshKyw- mKw

ag-s∏m∂v ]≤Xn(Rain Gold Project-RGP)

tUm. kn. _m-e-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ Fgp-Xnb "ag-sh≈ kw`-c-W-Øn\v ]pXnbamXrI' F∂ t{]mPIvSv dnt∏m¿´v hmb-\-°m¿°v ]pXnb kqtcym-Zbw Xs∂kΩm-\n-®p. A`n-\-μ-\-ß-fpsS Bbn-c-am-bncw sNΩp-√-Iƒ. sh≈-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb°pdn-®p≈ kwi-b-amWv ag-sh-≈-s°mbvØv ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚{][m\ Imc-Ww. C∂sØ `oI-c -Pohn knwlhpw ]pen-bp-a√; Fen-∏\n ]c-Øp∂ s]cp-®m-gn-bm-Wv. "ho¬kv' tcmKw _m[n-®m¬ \mev Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬tcmKn acn-°pw. NnIn-’n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ A©pe£w cq] thWw. c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ km[yX hfsc Ipd-hpw. B[p-\nI c‡ c£- mb sXmc-∏≥ hnl-cn-°p∂ sSd-knse hnjmw-i-ap≈ aq{Xw Ie¿∂ Pew IpSn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSv tbmPn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]qt¥m-´hpw ASp-°f Irjnbpw Huj-t[m-Zym-\hpw \\-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw _mØvdqw vfjn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Im¿ Igp-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Cu ªm°v hm´¿ aXn. Kƒ^v \mSp-Iƒ FÆ-s∏m∂v hn‰v kº-∂-am-b-Xp-t]mse sh≈hpw sshZyp-Xnbpw a‰v kwÿm-\-߃°v hn¬°m≥ hsckm[n-°pw. k¿°m¿ k_vknUn \¬I-Ww. ]cn-ÿnXn {]ÿm\w hnI-k\hr£sØ hogvØp∂ s\K-‰ohv aqhvsa‚ v BsW∂ lcnX t{Zmln-I-fpsSBt£-]-Øn-\p≈ adp-]-Sn.

s{]m^. A\n¬ ImS≥]-d-ºn¬,

Ah-Wq¿.

imkv{X-KXn Pqembv e°-Øn¬ _nt\mbv F a‰-a\ Fgp-Xnb "hmkvXp-imkv{Xw' F∂ teJ\w amXr- q-an, at\m-ca XpS-ßnb Zn\-]-{X-ß-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®m¬ Iptd P\-߃ A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Spw. ImWn-∏-øq¿ XpS-ßnb a\-I-fnse \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ P\-ßsf NqjWw sNøp-∂XvAh-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ Cu teJ\w {]tbm-P\w sNøpw.

kptcjv Ipam¿, ]me-°mSv

D]-cn-Xe Xm]-\nebn¬ hyXymkw!BKÃv amksØ imkv{X-KXn t]Pv 50 {io. kn.-hn.-N-{μs‚ "_p[s‚ cl-ky-߃ tXSn' F∂ teJ-\Øn¬ _p[s‚ {`a-Whpw ]cn-{I-a-Whpw kw_-‘n®vsImSpØ hnh-c-߃ icn-b-√. 176 qZn-h-k-߃sIm≠v _p[≥ kzbw-{ -aWwsNøp-∂p. ]cn-{I-a-W-Øn\pw AtX-k-abw thWw F∂mWv teJ-I≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

_p[≥ kzbw-{`-a-W-Øn\v 58.6 Znh-khpw kqcys\ ]cn-{I-aWw sNøm≥87.969 qZn-h-k-hp-amWv th≠-Xv. AXp-t]mse _p[≥ t\cn-Sp∂ Xm]-\ne 4500ºCBsW∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 4500ºC bn¬ _p[≥ _mjv]-ambn ]cn-W-an-t®s\!_p[s‚ ]I¬ mKsØ D]-cn-X-e-Xm-]-\ne GXm≠v 370ºC am{X-am-Wv. kqcys‚D]-cn-Xew 5800ºC BWv. Ahn-sS-\n∂v 58 Zi-e£w In.-ao-‰¿ Zqc-Øn¬ 4500ºCBhm≥ bmsXmcp km[y-X-bp-an-√.

N{μ-tam-l≥, Iq¿°-t©cn

imkv{X-KXn 5

tZh-{]-iv\hpw imkv{X-t_m-[hpw

C≥Uy≥ c-W-L-S-\-bpsS \mev]-Øn-c≠mw t`Z-K-Xn-{]-Imcw \msa√mwimkv{X-t_m-[hpw (scientific temper F∂v BwK-ew) am\-hn-I-Xbpw (Human-ism) At\z-j-W-Xz-cbpw (spirit of inquiry) \nXm-¥-amb ]cn-jvI-c-Whpw (Re-form) ]pe¿Øm\pw hf¿Øm\pw _m≤y-X-s∏- -h-cm-Wv. ]g-a-bpsS amdmes°´p-I-fn¬ Ipcp-ßn-°n-S∂ Hcp kaq-lsØ B[p-\oIcn-°pI F∂ kZp-t±-iy-amWv B \n¿t±-i-Øn\p ]n∂n¬. ""]pcm-W-an-tXyh \ km[p k¿hw'' F∂phmZn-®Xv km£m¬ Imfn-Zm-k≥ Bbn-cp-∂p; hna¿in®pw ]co-£n®pw am{XwAwKo-I-cn-°pI F∂ coXn ]m›mXyimkv{Xw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ mc-Xob ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂kz{]-Xyb ssÿcy-an-√m-sX, kz¥w Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ta¬°m-sX, Hmtcmtcm \ng-ep-Iƒ°p ]n∂n¬ Hfn-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ Hfn-t®m-´-°mcpwChnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\bp≈-h-cmWv bh-\-cn¬ \n∂p `mc-Xo-b¿]I¿Ønb tPymXn-jhpw e{]h-N\ coXn-Ifpw s\©n-te-‰n-b-Xv. AXn-\p-apºv mc-Xob kmln-Xy-Øn¬ tPymXnjw F∂p ]d-™m¬ tPymXn»mkv{XwXs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. thZmwK tPymXnjw {Kl- \-£-{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS ÿm\-sØbpwNe-\-sØbpw ]‰n-b-√m-sX, Ahbv°v a\p-jy-cpsS `mK-t[bw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ kzm[o-\-sØ-∏‰n H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n√ F∂Xv A¿∞-K¿ -am-Wv.

a\pjycpsS `mhn {]h-Nn-°p∂p F∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ Cu I]-S-im-kv{X-Øns‚ X\n-Ø- n∏p cq]-amWv "tZh-{]iv\w' F∂ t]cn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ Akw-_-‘w. c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sStbm ]ptcm-ln-X-cp-sStbm D≈n-en-cn∏v ssZh-lnXwF∂ a´n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ KqV-X-{¥-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a√ CXv F∂Xvi_-cn-a-e-bnse (Ip)-{]-kn-≤-amb tZh-{]-iv\-Øn-eqsS hy‡-am-b-Xm-W-s√m.t£{X-kw-_-‘-amtbm BNmc kw_-‘-amtbm Fs¥-¶nepw ]cn-jvImcwth≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ e`y-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ bp‡n-bp-‡-ambXocp-am\w FSp-°pI F∂-XmWv imkv{X-t_m[w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-]-Icw ssZh-lnXw Adn-bm-s\-∂- t]-cn¬ tZh-{]iv\w hbv°p-∂Xv \mWbwtSm p sNbvXp Xocp-am\w FSp-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an√ F∂p ]d-bm≥ ]‰n-√. tSm p sNbvXm¬ ew c≠n-sem∂v Dd-∏m-Wv.tZh-{]-iv\-Øn¬ e£Ww hymJym-\n®v Dt±-in® IS-hn-se-Øn-°m-\p≈ ]gp-Xp-Iƒ ]eXp ]ns∂-bp-ap≠v!

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse t£{Xm-Nm-c-ßsf kw_-‘n® kp{]-[m-\-ß-fmb ]eXocp-am-\-ßfpw apºpw cmP-ÿm\w FSp-Øn- p-≠v. Ah¿W¿°p t£{X {]th-i\w A\p-h-Zn-®-Xv, kv{XoIƒ°p- ta¬hkv{Xw [cn®v \me-º-e-Øn¬ Ib-dm≥ A\p-hmZw sImSp-Ø-Xv, arK-_en \ntcm-[n-®-Xv.... CsXm∂pw tZh-{]iv\w\S-Øn-b√ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. Imcy-Im-cWkln-X-ap≈ bp‡n-bp‡ Xocp-am-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-sb-√mw.

A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ imkv{X-t_m-[w- t]mepw \jvS-am-hp-I-bmtWm F∂v b-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

apJ-°p-dn∏v

imkv{X-KXn

6 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

kmº-ØnIws{]m^. Sn.-]n.-Ip-™n-°-Æ≥

6

2011 BKÃv c≠mw-hm-c-Øn¬ Ata-cn-°-°p-≠mb Hcp sR -temsS temI-km-º-ØnI {]Xn-k‘n ho≠pwkPoh N¿®-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ""hmbv]m\ne-hmcw'' IW-°m-°p∂ Hcp kzImcyÿm]\w \S-Ønb sNdn-sbmcp ]cm-a¿iw temI-sØ-bmsI hnd-∏n-®p-sh-∂Xv apX-em-fnØ cmPy-ß-fnse B¥-cnI Zu¿_-ey-ß-fn-te-°mWv hnc¬Nq≠p-∂-Xv. CXv a‰p Nne kqN-\-IƒIqSn \¬Ip-∂p. H∂v, 2008-˛¬ Bcw-`n® kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k‘n IqSp-X¬cq£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂pam{X-

hy‡nKX hcp-am-\-Øn¬ 4% s‚ Ipd-hp-≠m-bn. hyh-kmb DXv]m-Z\w 8%hpwsamØw DXv]m-Z\w 7%hpw Ipd-™p.Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bnse hm¿jnIkmº-ØnI hf¿® GXm≠v Hcp iX-am\w am{X-am-sW∂v IW-°p-IƒImWn-°p-∂p. 2007- ¬ Ch-cpsS s]mXp-ISw samØw tZiob hcp-am-\-Øns‚64.4% Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ 100%Bbn-cn-°p-∂p. CtX ÿnXn-X-s∂-bmWv bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fnepw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 2008- s\ At]-£n®v C≥Uy-bpsS [\-ta-Je hfsc

Ata-cn° sR´p-tºmƒ

P\-߃ Adn-™n-cn-t°≠Xv

a√; AXn¬\n∂v Ic-I-b-dm≥ apX-em-fnØ cmjv{S-߃°v Ign-bp-∂n-√. c≠v,{]Xn-k‘n D≠mb 2008 teXn-t\-°mƒhfsc Zp¿_-e-amWv Cu cmPy-ß-fnseCt∏m-gsØ kmº-Øn-I-ÿn-Xn.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Ata-cn-°-bpsSImcyw-Xs∂ t\m°mw. sXmgn¬, hcp-am-\w, hyh-kmb DXv]m-Z-\w, samØwDXv]m-Z\w F∂o cwK-ß-fn¬ Ata-cn-°-bn-ep-≠mb am‰w ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.sXmgn-en-√mbva 2007- -¬ 5% Bbn-cp-∂Xv2011-˛¬ 9.1% Bbn-cn-°p-∂p. sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ 5% s‚ Ipd-hp-≠m-bn.

{]Xn-k‘nbpsS {]Xym-Lm-X-Øm¬ XI¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Zcn-{Z-cm-Wv,]mh-s∏- -h-cm-Wv, I¿j-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv, I¿j-I-cm-Wv. \ΩpsS ]c-º-cm-KXhyh-kmb sXmgn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cpsS sFIyw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah¿°vAh-cpsS D]-Po-h-\-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈Xpw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\v th≠nbp-≈-Xp-amb ka-c-߃ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ahsc IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏´ PohnX]Ÿm-hn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cnIbpw sNøpI F∂ cmjv{So-b-ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠p∂ Hcp Ime-L- -amWv C∂-tØXv

imkv{X-KXn 7

Zp¿_-e-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p; ]W-s∏-cp-∏-\n-c°v Db¿∂n-cn-°p∂p; F∂pw \b-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Itºm-f-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-Øs∂ XpS-cp-∂p. AXv {]Xn-k‘nBcw- n® L -tØ-°mƒ C≥Uy-bpsSÿnXn ]cp-ß-en-em-°n-bn-cn-°-bm-Wv.

Hcp sNdnb {]Xn-I-cWw; HcpA£-c-Ønse am‰w-sIm≠v Xms\ hnd-ß-en®v XI-cp-∂-XmWv Dul-°-®-h-Sm-[n-jvTn-X-amb C∂sØ apX-em-fnØtemIhpw AXnse ]In -´p -IfpwF∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv. AtX-k-abwAta-cn-°-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ samØw kmº-Øn-I-ÿn-Xnsbas‰√m LS-I-ßfpw Ah-K-Wn®v HcpkzImcy Iº-\n-bpsS {]Xn-I-c-WsØASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-am{Xw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv icn-b-√. F∂m¬, temIw s]mXp-hnepw Ata-cn° {]tXy-In®pw henb{]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-sW-∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ {]Xn-I-cn® SAP(Standard & Poor) F∂ ÿm]\wt\csØ \S-Ønb ]e ]cm-a¿i-ßfpw icn-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ata-cn-°-bnse ""tesa≥ {_tZgvkv'' F∂\nt£] _m¶v s]mfn-bp-∂-Xn\v sXm´p-apºv B ÿm]-\-Øn\v ap¥nb""td‰nMv'' SAP \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

1991-˛¬ C≥Uy kz¿W-\n-t£]w]Wbw hbv°p -Ibpw ]m¿e-sa‚n¬t∏mepw N¿®-sN-ømsX GI-]-£o-b-ambn \h-en-_-d¬ \b-߃\S-∏m-°n-bXpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp""td‰nMv ÿm]\''Øns‚ {]Xn-I-c-WsØ XpS¿∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

CØcw ""td‰nMv'' N¿®-I-fn¬t_m[-]q¿hw kv]¿in-°msX t]mIp-∂Xv apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsScmjv{So-b-am-Wv. {]iv\-ßsf AXohkmt¶-Xn-I-h-XvI-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {iaw \S-°p-∂p. AXv P\-ß-fn¬ CXp-kw-_-‘n® Ah-t_m[wcq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-t\m, cmjv{So-b-amb N¿®-Iƒ \S-Ømt\m klm-bn-°p-∂n-√.

P\-ß-ƒ ]e Imcy-ßfpw Adn-bmsX t]mIp-∂p. F¥p-sIm≠v apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k‘n? {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬kw -hn-®-sX¥v? kw -hn-°p-∂-sX¥v?{]Xn-k-‘nsb Fßs\ t\cn-SWw?F∂o Imcy-߃ kw_-‘n® N¿®-Iƒ Kuc-h-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.AXn¬\n∂v P\-{i-≤sb am‰m-\mWvkmº-ØnI Imcy-ß-fn-te°v Du∂¬hcp-∂-Xv. CXn∂v hyXykvXam-bn,{]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS cmjv{Sobw N¿®sNøp-Ibpw {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°vcq]w \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. ImcWwapX-em-fn-Ø-tem-Iw, C¥y-b-S°wCt∏mƒ AXoh Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xn-k-

‘n-bn-te°v \oßp-I-bm-sW∂v hnZ-K v≤sc√mw A`n - {]m -b -s∏-Sp -∂p.AXns‚ e£-W-߃ hfsc {]I-S-am-Wv. CØcw N¿®-Iƒ°v klm-b-I-amb coXn-bn¬ apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fpsS {lkz-amb Ah-tem-I-\-hpw,cmjv{Sob {]Xym-Lm-X-ßfpw Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv Cu Ipdn-∏v.

{]Xn-k‘n F¥p-sIm≠v?apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k-‘nIsf hne-

bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv AXm-X-h-k-c-Øn¬D≠m-Ip∂ Nne Xmf-∏n-g- F∂ \ne-bvt°m Nne kmt¶-XnI ]cm-a¿i-߃hgntbm Bh-cpXv. apX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k‘nIsf ]e-t∏mgpw Imen-I-ambNne {]iv\-ß-fp-ambn am{Xw _‘-s∏-SpØn hne-bn-cpØp∂ {]h-W-X-bp-≠v.AXv apX-em-fn-Ø-hy-hÿ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-te°v \bn-°-p∂-Xns‚ cmjv{Sobkml-N-cy-ßsf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®Isf]cn-an-X-s∏SpØm-\p≈ km[y-X-bp-≠v.2008- se kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n Ata-cn-°-bnse Nne _m¶p-Iƒ \¬InbsI´n-S hmbv]-bnse t]mcm-bva-I-fp-ambnam{Xw _‘-s∏-SpØn ]d-bp∂ coXnkm¿h-{Xn-I-amWv. At∏mƒ AXv shdp-samcp “k_vss{]w ss{Iknkv” am{X-am-sW∂ {]XoXn D≠m-°p-∂p. Imen-I-ambp≈ Xmf-∏n-g-I-f√ {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS Imc-W-sa∂pw AXv apX-em-fnØhyh-ÿ-bpsS Xs∂ \nbm-aI coXnbm-sW∂pw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

apX-em-fn-Ø-hy-hÿ AXn-s‚X\Xv coXn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°ptºmƒ\n›-b-ambpw cq]-s∏-Sp∂ sshcp-[y-ß-fmWv, {]iv\-ß-fmWv, {]Xn-k-‘nIfmbn {]Xn-^-en°p-∂-Xv. AXp-

P\-ß-ƒ ]e Imcy-ßfpw Adn-bmsXt]mIp-∂p. F¥p-sIm≠vapX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k‘n?{]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ kw`-hn-®-sX¥v? kw -hn-°p-∂-sX¥v? {]Xn-k-‘nsbFßs\ t\cn-SWw?F∂o Imcy-߃ kw_-‘n® N¿®-Iƒ Kuc-h-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.AXn¬\n∂v P\-{i-≤sbam‰m-\mWv kmº-ØnIImcy-ß-fn-te°v Du∂¬hcp-∂-Xv. CXn∂vhyXykvXam-bn, {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS cmjv{SobwN¿® sNøp-Ibpw {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°vcq]w \¬Ip-IbpwthWw.

8 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

sIm≠p -X -s∂ 2008teXv Hcp“k_vss{]w ss{Iknkv” As√-∂pwAXn-ep-]cn 1990 apX¬ temI-ØmsI\S-∏m-°p∂ \h-en-_-d¬ kmº-Øn-I-]-cn-jvIm-c-ß-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-am-b]cn-Wm-a-amsW∂pw a\- n-emt°≠-Xp-≠v.

kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ F¥vkw`-hn-°p-∂p? {]Xn-k-‘n-Im-eØv]e-t∏mgpw {]N-cn-∏n-°-p∂Xpt]mseapX-em-fnØ hyhÿ ]mtS XI¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂n-√. XI-cp-∂ns√-∂v am{X-a√;AXv AXnPo-hn-°m-\p≈ ]pXnb {ia-߃ \S-Øns°m≠n-cn°pw. {]Xn-k‘n apX-em--fn -Ø-hy-h-ÿ-bpsSB¥-cn-I- sshcp-[y-ß-fp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-´ncn°p∂p F∂Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈am¿K-ßfpw AXv ]pXnb cq]-Øn¬Xs∂ Is≠-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂pF∂p-≈Xpw Ncn-{X-amWv. Hcp taJ-e-bn¬ Hcp apX-emfn XI¿t∂°mw;F∂m¬, AXnt\-°mƒ i‡-\m-bn--´p≈ as‰mcp apX-emfn thsdmcp taJ-e-bn¬ Db¿∂p-hcpw. -A-Xp-sIm≠vapX-em-fnØ hyhÿ AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p≈ ]pXnb cq]-߃ Is≠Øn kz-bw amdp--∂-Xn-\p-≈ {ia-߃ \nc-¥-c-ambn \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. apX-em-fnØw AXns‚ Ne-\m-fl-I-Xsbi‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ {iaw \S-Øp-∂p.

AXv apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ Hcp B¥-cnI i‡n Xs∂-bm-Wv. B XzcAXns‚ em`w h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈{iaw IqSn-bm-Wv. aqe-[-\- kaml-cWhp-ambn _‘-s∏´ em`-h¿[\F∂p-≈Xv Xs∂-bmWv apX-em-fn-ØØns‚ F°m-e -sØbpw{]h¿Ø\ bp‡n. em`w aqe-[-\-Øns‚ kzcq-]Whp-ambn At -Zy-ambn_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂, AXns‚ \nt£-]-co-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- p-\n¬°p-∂p.AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ an®-aq-ey-Øns‚DXv]m-Z-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- p-\n¬°p-∂p. an®-aq-ey-Øns‚ ]p\¿\n-t£-]-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-∂p. an®-aqeyamIs´ em`-Øns‚ \nc-¥ch¿[\-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈ NqjW-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ hfsc Ne-\m-fl-I-am-bn-´p-≠m-Ip∂, hn]p-e-ambn D≠m-Ip∂, hnhn[Xe-ßfn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ apX-em-fn-Ø--Øns‚ B¥-cnI Ne-\m-fl-I-Xsbÿnc-ambn ]p\:-kr-jvSn-®p-sIm-≠mW,v]q¿hm-[nIw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv Hmtcm kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-sbbpw apX-em-fnØw adn-I-S-°m≥{ian-°p-∂-Xv.

apX-em-fnØw Hmtcm AXnPoh\{ia-hpw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°ptºmƒAYhm {]Xn-k-‘nsb apX-em-fnØwAXn-Po-hn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ, AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\p th≠n- kzoI--cn-°p∂Hmtcm am¿K-hpw AXmXv Im-esØapX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿsb IqSp-X¬A{I-tam -’p-I-am -°p-Ibpw H∏wZcn{Zscbpw -Zcn{Z-cm-jv{S-ßsfbpwIqSp-X¬ X-I¿°pIbpw sNøp-∂p.CXp-h-sc-bp≈ Ncn{Xw AXmWvImWn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-th≠n kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂am¿Kß-fn-tem-tcm-∂nepw Xs∂ CuhkvXpX hfsc {]ISam-Wv. apX-em-fnØw AXns‚ AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-th≠n kzoI-cn -°p∂ am¿K-߃apX-em-fn-ØsØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥,apX-em-fn -amsc i‡n-s∏-Sp -Øm≥IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw H∏w Zcn{Z P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf XI¿°p-∂-Xn-te°v kzm`m-h n -I - ambpw \bn -°p -∂h -bpam -sW∂mWv temI-Øns‚ CXp-h-sc-bp≈ A\p-`hw.

{]Xn-k‘n; {lkz-N-cn{XwtemI-Øp-≠mb apX-em-fnØ{]Xn-

k-‘nsb°pdn®v Hm¿a ]pXp-°p∂Xv\∂m-bn-cn-°pw. CXns‚ `mK-ambn\me©v {][m -\ -s∏´ GSp -IƒFSpØp]-d-bm\mWv {ian-°p-∂Xv. 1873-˛ ¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ Bcw- n® {]Xn-k-‘n-

aqe-[-\- kaml-cWhp-ambn _‘-s∏´ em -h¿[\ F∂p-≈Xv Xs∂-bmWv apX-em-fn-ØØns‚ F°m-e-sØbpw {]h¿Ø\bp‡n. em`w aqe-[-\-Øns‚ kzcq-]Whp-ambn At -Zy-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂, AXns‚\nt£-]-co-Xn-bp-ambn_‘-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-∂p.AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ an®-aq-ey-Øns‚ DXv]m-Z-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- p-\n¬°p-∂p. an®-aq-ey-Øns‚]p\¿\n-t£-]-hp-ambn_‘-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 9

sb-°p-dn-®mWv km[m-cW XpS-°-am-bn]d-bm-dp-≈-Xv. 1873- ¬ D≠mb {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS t]cv Xs∂ “Z ]m\nIvHm v 1873” F∂mWv. Ata-cn-°-bmW vCßs\ ]d-™-Xv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬C∂sØ hnb∂bmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ÿeØv D≠m-b Hcp _m¶ns‚XI¿®-tbm-Sp-IqSnbmWv {]Xn-k‘ncq]-s∏ -Xv. hnb∂ A∂v Hmkv{Sn-b-bp-sSbpw lwK-dn-bp-sSbpw Xe-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-b _m¶vXI¿®-tbmsS {]Xn-k‘n i‡n-s∏-´p. teml I®-h-S-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p {]iv\w.- {]-Xn-k‘n hfsc s]´∂v Xs∂ bqtdm-]y≥cmPy-ßsf s]mXp-hn¬ _m[n-°p-IbpwAta-cn -°-bn -te°v IS-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ h¿j-ß-tfmfw\ne-\n∂p. AXn-\m¬ Ah-cXns\ Hcp‘]m\nIv ’ (]cn{`m¥n) Bbn´v hnti-jn-∏n°p∂p.

bqtdm--∏n¬ Cu -{]-Xn-k‘n 20h¿j-tØmfw \ne-\n-∂p. Ah-c-Xns\""temßv Un{]-j≥'' (long depression)AYhm Zo¿L amμyw F∂mWv ]d-™Xv. C∂v \Ωƒ ""t{K‰v Un{]-j-s\''°p-dn®v ]d-bm-dp -≠v. ]s£ Hcp

temßv Un{]-js\°pdn®v ]d-bm-dn-√.1873 apX¬ 1890-I-fpsS ]Ip-Xn-hsc\ne-\n-∂Xpw bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ßsf

hym]-I-ambn _m[n-®-Xpam-bn-cp∂p Cu{]Xn -k-‘n. CXns‚ ]cn -WnX^etam? {_n´≥ F∂ hfsc i‡-

am-b Hcp kmº-Øn-I-tI{μw {Ia-Øn¬{Ia-Øn¬ Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]pXnbcq]-Øn-ep≈ apX-em-fnØ AXn-Po-h\

cq]-߃ F∂ \ne-bn¬ IqSp-X¬i‡-am-bn-´p≈ _lp-cm-jv{S-Ip-ØIIº-\n-I-fpsS {]_-e-amb apt∂-‰-߃cq]-s∏-SpIbpw sNbvXp. AXv ]pXn-b-co -Xn -bn -ep≈ Hcp “kmº-ØnI\nb{¥Ww ” temI-Øns‚ ]e`mKØpw i‡n-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bm°n. A-Xp-sIm≠v tIhew Hcp _m¶v XI¿®F∂ \ne°v am{Xw Imcy-ßsfI≠m¬ t]mc. AXp-hsc temI-km-º-ØnI A[o-i-Xz-Øn¬ bqtdm∏vhln-®n-cp∂ ]¶pw ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb am‰-ß-tfbpw IqSn ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-SpØn ImWm≥ Ign-bWw.

""t{K‰v Un{]-j-s\''(great depres-sion)- AYhm henb kmº-ØnIamμysØIpdn®mWv {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsSNcn{XØn¬ km[m-cW G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏- -Xmbn ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xv. 1929 apX¬1933 hsc \o≠p-\n∂Xpw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ XpSßn temI-Ønse F√mcmPyßsfbpw _m[n-®Xpamb AXn-i-‡-amb kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-bn-

cp-∂p CXv. Ata-cn-°≥ Hmlcn hn]-Wn-bnse XI¿®-bmWv CXn\v Imc-W-sa∂v ]d-bm-dp-s≠-¶nepw IqSp-X¬{]_-e-amb cmjv{Sob ]›m-Ø-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. apX-em-fnØ kº-Zvhy-h-ÿbv°v ]pd-Øp-\n-∂v B hyh-ÿsb klm-bn-®ncp∂, AXn-\mbni‡n-bmbn {]h¿Øn-®ncp-∂, HcpsImtfm-Wn-b¬ am¿°-‰ns‚ ]n≥_-ewD≠mbn-cp-∂p. Cu ]n≥_-e-Øn-emWvtemI-apX-em-fnØ cm-Py-߃ ]eXpwXs∂ \ne-\n-∂Xv. F∂m¬, H∂mwtemI-bp-≤-tØm-Sp-IqSn B "sImtfm-Wn-b¬ am¿°‰v' As√-¶n¬ sImtfm-Wn-b¬ cmPy-ß-fn¬ cq]-s∏-´p-h-∂n-cp∂A∂sØ Itºm-f-߃ \¬In-bn-cp∂]n¥pW XI-cp -Ibpw AØcw]n¥pW XI¿∂tXmsS Db¿∂p-h∂,]nSn-®p-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp kml-N-cy-ØnemWv 1929 ˛ 33 ImesØkmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k‘n D≠m-b-Xv. ASn-ÿm-\- Im-cWw XmXvIm-en-I-ambkmº-ØnI {]iv\-a-s√∂pw IqSp-X¬i‡-amb cmjv{Sob Imc-W-am-sW∂pwXncn-®-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p!

H∂mw temI -bp≤tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-temI-ØmsI Hcp B{inX kº-Zvhy-hÿ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-

t{K‰v Un{]-j-s\ AYhmhenb kmº-ØnIamμysØIpdn®mWv{]Xn-k-‘n-bpsSNcn{XØn¬ km[m-cWG‰hpw {][m-\-s∏- -Xmbn ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xv. 1929apX¬ 1933 hsc \o≠p-\n∂Xpw Ata-cn-°-bn¬XpSßn temI-ØnseF√m cmPyßsfbpw_m[n-®Xpamb AXn-i-‡-amb kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-bn-cp-∂p CXv.Ata-cn-°≥ Hmlcn hn]-Wn-bnse XI¿®-bmWvCXn\v Imc-W-sa∂v ]d-bm-dp-s≠-¶nepw IqSp-X¬{]_-e-amb cmjv{Sob]›m-Ø-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

10 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

bmWv Ata-cn° {ian-®-Xv. Ata-cn-°-bmWv H∂pw c≠pw temI-bp-≤-߃°vF√m-X-c-Øn-ep≈ t\XrXzhpw \¬In-b-Xv.- F¶nepw, Ah-cpsS bp≤ kt¶-X-߃°-I-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm-≠mWv,AYhm A‚m¿´nIvv kap-{Z-ØntemC¥y≥ -k-ap-{Z-Øntem \¶q-c-an´ bp≤-°-∏-ep-Iƒ°-I-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm-≠mWvAta-cn° bp≤sØ \nb-{¥n-®-Xv. Hcn-°epw Ata-cn-°≥ aÆn¬ bp≤w \S-∂n-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ata-cn-°-bpsS Irjnt°m Ata-cn-°-bpsS hyh-km-b-Ønt\m bp≤w sIms≠m∂pwkw -hn-®n-√. bp≤w sIm≠v XI¿∂XvGjy-bn-sebpw bqtdm-∏n-sebpw hyh-km-b-am-Wv. Gjy-bn-sebpw bqtdm-∏n-sebpw hoSp-I-fmWv, sI´n-S-ß-fmWv,Irjn-bmWv, km[m-cW P\-ß-fm-Wv.Ata-cn° ssk\nI kt¶-X-ß-fn¬Ccp-∂p-sIm≠v bp≤sØ \nb-{¥n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. H∂mw temI-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw temI-Øn-ep≈ F√mcmPy-ßfpw Ata-cn-°≥ hyh-km-b-ß-fn¬ ]Ww \nt£-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {ia-amWv \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXv hen-b-tXm-Xn¬DXv]m-Z\ h¿[-\-hp-≠m-°n. H∏wNqjWhpw h¿[n-®p. A∂sØ IW-°p-Iƒ -Im-Wn-°p-∂Xv Ata-cn-°≥Iº-\n-I-fn¬ \nt£-]n-®n-cp∂ sjb-dp-I-fpsS em -Øn¬ 62% h¿[\-hp-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPmen-sN-bvXn-cp∂ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Iqen shdpw10% Øn¬ Xmsg- am{X-amWv IqSn-b-XvF∂mWv. -h-fsc Ak-¥p-en-X-am-b-hf¿®-bm-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ ^e-am-bp-≠m-b-Xv. t\ctØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse

_mly-am-bn- p-≈- Imcy-ßfpw B`y-¥-c-am-bn- p-≈ Imcy-ßfpw tN¿∂v, temI-Ønse F√m cmPy-ßfpw \nt£]w\S-Ønb Ata-cn-°≥ hyh-km-b-hp-ambn_‘-s∏´v Hcp {]Xn-k‘n D≠mbAh-k-c-Øn-em-Wv AXv temI kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bmbn amdp-∂-Xv. AXvtIhew Ata-cn-°-≥ Iº-\n-bpsS Hml-cn-Iƒ hn¬°p∂ {]tXyI Itºm-f-Ønse Hcp am‰w am{Xw Bbn-cp-∂n√F∂¿∞w.

AXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ hfsci‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ 21000 _m¶p-I-fn¬ 11000 _m¶p-Iƒ XI-¿∂p. aq∂p-tIm-Sn-tbmfw hcp∂P\-߃ sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h-cmbn amdn.temI-ØmsI Xs∂ sXmgn¬ sNøp-∂-h-cpsS aq∂nsem∂v sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h-cmbn amdnb-s{X. {]Xn-k‘n C¥y-bn¬t]mepw (C¥y {_n´s‚ tImf-\n-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw) {]Xym-Lm-X-߃D≠m-°n. {_´ojv Kh¨sa‚n\v Cukmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS mK-ambnFs¥√mw \jvSw A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-∂pthm B \jvSw Ah¿ C¥y-bn¬\n∂pw ]pXnb \nIp-Xn-bmbn CuSm-°n. Aßs\ -{_´ojv tImf-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂t∏mgpw C¥y°v kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS {]iv\-߃ t\cn-tS≠nh∂p. ^mkn-k-Øns‚ hf¿®bpwc≠mw temI bp≤-hp-sams° Cu {]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS A\-¥-c- -e-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ 1929- 33 kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS ImeØv temIØv hfsci‡-am-b Hcp ap∂-dn-bn∏v D≠m-bn. AXv

\ap -s°-√mw {]Xo£ X∂ HcpImcyambn-cp∂p. apX-em-fnØ temIwhenb XI¿®sb t\cn- t∏mƒ Xs∂,

tkmhn-b‰v bqWnb≥ F∂ Hcpcmjv{SsØ am{Xw 1929- 33 ImesØkmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n- _m[n-®n-√.

temIØv AXv hensbmcp kw`-hw-Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-≠m-°n-b HcpBfl hnizm-k-Ønt‚-Xmb mK-ap-≠v.

A[zm\n-°p∂, kacw sNøp∂ temI-Ønse P\-hn- m-K-߃°v tkmhn-b‰vbqWn-b≥ ]pXnsbmcp ]mTw \¬In.

Bkq-{XnXhpw kwL-SnXhpamb- Hcphyhÿ; kmaq-ly-\n-b-{¥-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn- p-ff Hcp hyhÿ, F¥psIm≠vapX-em-fn-Ø-temIw A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h∂ {]Xn-k‘nbn¬ \n∂pw thdn v\n¬°p∂p F∂Xv AXn-i-‡-amsbmcpkqN-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b-\nse Cu {]tXyI-X-sIm-≠pIq-Sn-bm-hmw, 1929- 33 ImesØ {]Xn-k-‘nsbk¿°m-cns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-SnbmWv-apX-em-fnØw t\cn-´Xv. AXmWvG‰hpw {it≤bamb Imcyw.

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ 21000 _m¶p-I-fn¬11000 _m¶p-Iƒ XI-¿∂p. aq∂p-tIm-Sn-tbmfwhcp∂ P\-߃ sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h-cmbn amdn. temI-ØmsI Xs∂ sXmgn¬sNøp-∂-h-cpsSaq∂nsem∂v sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h-cmbn amdnb-s{X.{]Xn-k‘n C¥y-bn¬t]mepw {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ D≠m-°n. {_´ojvKh¨sa‚n\v Cu kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS`mK-ambn Fs¥√mw\jvSw A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-∂pthm B \jvSwAh¿ C¥y-bn¬\n∂pw]pXnb \nIp-Xn-bmbnCuSm-°n. Aßs\ -{_´ojv tImf-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂t∏mgpw C¥y°vkmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS {]iv\-߃ t\cn-tS≠n h∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 11

1929- 33 ImesØ {]Xn-k-‘n-s°-Xn-cmb sIbv\o-jy≥ kn≤m-¥-߃Xs∂ k¿°m-cns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn]pXn-sbmcp {]Xn-k-‘n adn-I-S-°p∂-Xn\p≈ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p.Kh¨sa‚ v hfsc i‡-amb coXn-bn¬CS-s]Sp∂, kw-L-SnX ka-c-߃ hgncq]-s∏ v h∂, Hcp \nb-{¥nb hyh-ÿbm-bn-cp∂p Db¿∂p h∂-Xv. CXns‚XpS¿®-bmWv c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw cq]-s∏-´p-h∂ cmPy-߃,Ah-cpsS Bkq-{XW ˛ hnI-k\{]{In-b-Iƒ°p-th≠n kzoI-cn® ]pXnb\S-]-Sn-Iƒ, AXn¬ Kh¨sa‚n-\p-≠m-bn- p≈ kzm[o\w, temIØv i‡n-s∏-´p-h-∂n-´p≈ tkmjy-enÃv tªm°vF∂n-h-sb√mw. CXn-s‚-sb√mw ^e-ambn 1950-Ifpw 1960-Ifpw temIØv BcoXn-bn-ep≈ {]Xn-k‘n C√mØ HcpIme-L- -ambn amdp-∂Xv \ap°v ImWmw.

F∂m¬, 1970 IfpsS ]Ip-Xn-bm-Ip-tºm-tg°pw sIbv\o-jy≥ kn≤m-¥w]cm-P-b-s∏- p. 1970 IfpsS ]Ip-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn “FÆ{]-Xn-k‘nv” As√-¶n¬FÆ- hne-h¿[-\hpw {]Xym-Lm-X-ßfpw GsXms° coXn-bn¬ temIsØkzm[o-\n®p F∂v ]d-bm\mIn-s√-¶nepwapX-em-fnØ temIsØ AsXmcp {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-°n. AXpw hfsc i‡-ambHcp {]Xn-k‘n Bbn-cp∂p. apX-em-fn-Ø-tem-IØv {]Xn-k‘n D≠mbn F∂vam{X-a√, k¿°m¿ CS-s]-Sep-Iƒ C√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIbv\o-jy≥kn≤m-¥ßƒ hgn ]cn-Nn-X-sa-¶nepw

Kh¨sa‚n\pw H∏w kwL-Sn-X-hn`m-K߃°pw D≠mb kzm[o\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ i‡-ambn Xncn-®p-h-

cp -∂-Xn -\p -th≠n, k¿°m-cns‚klmbw C√mØ coXn-bnep≈ apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ tXtcm- -amWv ]n∂oSv

\Ωƒ ImWp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv 1930- I-fnse {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ Ic-I-b-dm≥ apX-em-fnØw k¿°m-cns\ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Øn-sb-¶n¬ 1970- I-fpsS Ah-km-\-tØmsS k¿°m-cns\ Isøm-gn-bp∂coXn Ah-ew-_n-®p.

1980 Ifnepw 1990- I-fnepw temIw

km£yw hln-®Xv AØ-c-Øn-ep≈Hcp am‰-am-Wv. B am‰-sØbmWv C∂v\h-en-_-d¬ -hy-hÿ, BtKm-f-hXvIc-Ww, DZm-c -hXvIc-Ww, kzIm-cy -hXvIcWw Fs∂ms° ]d-bp-∂X.v CXp-h-gn- \mw ImWp-∂Xv sIbv\o-jy≥kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ -X-I¿® am{X-a√,k¿°mcns‚ klm-b-an-√m-Ø-co-Xn-bn-ep≈; Iq´m-bva-Isf Hcp coXn-bnepwAwKo-I-cn-°mØ, Itºmfw F√m-Øn\pw ]cn-lm-camWv, ItºmfwsIm≠v F¥pw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw F∂v

]d-bp∂, Itºm-f -Øns‚ A[o-iXzsØ ASn-®p-d-∏n-°p∂ coXnbn-ep≈ am‰-am-Wv. Cu \h-en-_-d¬kn≤m-¥-߃ ho≠pw kzX-{¥-I-tºm-f-Øns‚ A[o-iXzw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°m\mWv {ian-®-Xv.

1990- I-fpsS Ah-km-\-tØm-Sp-IqSnGjy≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-k‘n D≠m-bn. “Gjy≥ andm-°nƒ” As√¶n¬“Gjy≥ ISp-h-Iƒ” F∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v Z£n-W-sIm-dn -b-sbbpwXmbvhms\bpw t]mse-bp≈ cmPy-߃,Ahsb, Ata-cn° Xs∂ tNmdp-sIm-SpØv hf¿Øn-sIm-≠p-h∂p. Ah¿°vssk\n-I-am-bp-≈ -e-£yßfmbn-cp∂pD≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Xmbvhms‚ Id≥kn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏ v D≠mb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ AØcw AXv p-X߃ XI¿∂p-t]mb ImgvN-bmWv ]n∂oSv \ΩƒImWp-∂-Xv. AsXmcp kqN\ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv ]n∂oSv Ãn•n-‰vkn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ [\-im-kv{X-⁄¿ ]d-™-Xv.

2008˛se {]Xn-k-‘nbpw

AXn-\p-ti-jhpwC∂sØ {]Xn-k‘n 2008 Unkw-

_tdmsS Bcw- n-®-Xm-Wv. AXns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂n-√.

F∂m¬, 1970 IfpsS]Ip-Xn-bm-Ip-tºm-tg°pwsIbv\o-jy≥ kn≤m-¥w]cm-P-b-s∏- p. 1970IfpsS ]Ip-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn"FÆ{]-Xn-k‘n' As√-¶n¬ FÆ- hne-h¿[-\hpw {]Xym-Lm-X-ßfpwGsXms° coXn-bn¬temIsØ kzm[o-\n®pF∂v ]d-bm\mIn-s√-¶nepw apX-em-fnØtemIsØ AsXmcp{]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-°n.AXpw hfsc i‡-ambHcp {]Xn-k‘n Bbn-cp∂p.

12 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

AXv \msa√mw ÿn-c-ambn hmbn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-am-Wv. ]s£, Ign™

aq∂v h¿j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ \S∂ hnhn-[-

Xcw hne-bn-cp -Ø-ep-Ifpw t]mƒ

{IqKvam≥ At±-l-Øns‚ ]pkvX-I-

Øn¬ (The Return of the Depression Eco-nomics) ASn-h-cbn v ]d-bp∂Xpamb

Imcyw 1873 cq]-Øn-ep≈ as‰mcp {]Xn-

k-‘n-bn-te°v Hcp ‘temMv Un{]-j-\n-

te’°v, temIw ho≠pw amdn-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

19- mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Hcp sImtfm-Wn-

b¬ am¿°-‰ns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn

]pd-Øp-\n-∂p≈ klm-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-

bmWv apX-em -fnØw hf¿∂p-h-

∂sX¶n¬ ]n∂oSv tÉns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-SnbmWv apt∂-dnb-Xv. C∂v BXc-Øn-ep≈ tImf-\n-Iƒ C√. B Xc-Øn¬ klm-bn-°m≥ Ignbp∂ k¿°m-cp-Ifp-w C√. Cu c≠n-t‚bpw A`m-h-Øn¬ apX-em-fnØw IqSp-X¬ i‡-

amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-te-°v Hcp c≠m-aXv“t{K‰v Un{]-j-\n-te°v” \oßp∂Ahÿ D≠m-Ip∂p F∂mWv {]`mXv

]Sv\m-bn-°n-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿ \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv. hfsc IrXy-am-bn- p≈ IW-°p-Iƒ h®v Imcy-ßsf A]-{K-Yn-®p-

sIm≠v hnZKv≤cmb ]e kmº-ØnIimkv{X-⁄cpw C°mcyw hy‡-am-°p-∂p≠v. temIw c≠m-asXmcp t{K‰v

Un{]-j-\n-te-°v \oßn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWs{X. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn-Po-hn°p∂p F∂v ]d-bptºmgpw apX-em-fn-Ø-w Ah-sbms° AXns‚ BflkwXr-]vXn-°p-th≠n ]d-bp∂ coXn-bn-ep-≈-hbmbn amdp-I IqSn-bmWv. AXpwapX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ B¥-cnI khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, apX-em-fnØwAXns‚ {]N-cWcoXn am‰n-bn-cn -°bmWv. 2009- -HmsS F√m {]iv\-ßfpwXo¿∂p-sh-∂mWv {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

“kS-Ip-S-s™-gp-t∂-‰n-cn-°p∂” apX-em-

fn-Ø-amWs{X C∂-tØ-Xv. F∂m¬

AXns‚ ÿnXn hfsc ck-I-c-am-sW∂v

hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ a\-

 n-em-Ipw. C∂v temI-Øv kmº-Øn-I-

h-f¿® IqSn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p F∂v ]d-

bp-tºmgpw AXns‚ kz`mhw Xs∂

hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-ƒ

c≠v iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmsg-bm-Wv hf-cp-∂Xv. G-jy≥ cmPy-ßfn¬ Ggv iX-am-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X-emWv hf-¿®. C¥y hf-cp-∂-Xv, ssN\ hf-cp-∂-Xv, Ggv iX-am-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X-embm-Wv. At∏mƒ icm-icn hf¿® IqSp-X-em-Wv. Cu hf¿®m-coXnsb ]pXnb t]cn¬ “Sq kv]oUvdn°-hdn” F∂m-Wv ]d-bp-∂Xv.

Ct∏mƒ Fs¥-¶nepw Imcyw \S-°p-∂Xv Zcn-{Z-cm-Py-ß-fn-emWv. kº∂cmPy-߃ C\nbpw c£-s∏- n- n-√. ""c≠vIq´cpw hf-cp-I-bm-Wv; thK-Xbn¬AYhm hf¿®m-\n-c-°n¬ sNdnbhyXymkw Ds≠∂v am{Xw.'' F∂p≈coXn-bn-emWv Itºm-f-i-‡n-Iƒ ImcywAh-X-cn-∏n°p-∂-Xv, AXm-bXv apX-em-fnØ temIw {ian-°p-∂-Xv, bm{¥n-I-amb Hcp Bfl-hn-izmkw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bm-Wv CXv. kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-sb√mw ]cn-l-cn-®p-I-gn-™p. \Ωƒ ]pXnb AXn-Po-h\Xe-Øn-te°v h∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂oImcy-ßfpw Ah¿ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬, kw -hn-°p-∂Xv ]pXnbImcy-ß-fmWv. XnI®pw P\-hn-cp-≤-amb\S-]-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv {]Xn-k-‘n-IƒD≠m-b-Xv. ]t£, P\-ß-fpsS \nIp-Xn-∏WwsIm≠v {]Xn-k-‘nsb ‘ss]ksImSpØv’ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m\mWvk¿°m¿ {ian-°p-∂Xv. AXm-b-Xv, P\-߃°v G‰hpw hncp-≤-amb \S-]-Sn-kzoI-cn-®-Xn\memWv apX-em-fnØ{]Xn-k-‘n- D≠m-b-Xv. F∂m¬ AtX {]Xn-k‘nsIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-߃s°Xnsc apX-em-fn-am¿ P\-ß-fpsS\nIp-Xn -∏Ww -sIm-≠v ‘]cn-lmc]mt°Pv’ krjvSn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv

19- mw \q‰m-≠n¬ HcpsImtfm-Wn-b¬ am¿°-‰ns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p≈klm-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv apX-em-fnØwhf¿∂p-h-∂sX¶n¬]n∂oSv tÉns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-SnbmWvapt∂-dnb-Xv. C∂v BXc-Øn-ep≈ tImf-\n-IƒC√. B Xc-Øn¬ klm-bn-°m≥ Ignbp∂k¿°m-cp-Ifp-w C√. Cuc≠n-t‚bpw A`m-h-Øn¬ apX-em-fnØwIqSp-X¬ i‡-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-te-°v Hcp c≠m-aXv t{K‰v Un{]-j-\n-te°v \oßp∂Ahÿ D≠m-Ip∂p

imkv{X-KXn 13

kz¥w Xmt¥m-∂nØw sIm≠vXI¿∂ Iº-\n-Iƒ°v, k¿°m¿ sImSp-°p-∂Xv km[mcW P\-ß-fn¬\n∂v]ncn-°p∂ \nIpXn∏Wam-Wv. AXpwP\-ß-fpsS GsX-¶nepw \nXy-\n-Zm\Bh-iyw \nd-th-‰m\-√. apX-em-fn-amsckwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, Ah-cpsS{]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n;AShv injvS IΩn \nIØp∂-Xn\pth≠n - AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ coXn-bn-em-Wv Imcy-߃ t]mIp-∂-Xv.F∂m¬, AXn-Po-h-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏´apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v ]pXnb ]pXnbkm[y-X-Iƒ ssI hcp-∂p. Ht´sd]pXnb cq]-Øn-ep≈ apX-em-fn-Iƒi‡n-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p. temI-cm-Py-ß-ƒXΩnep-≠mb kzX-{¥-hym-]m-c-I-cm-dp-Iƒ Bkn-bm≥ Icm-dn-s\-t∏mse ----[mcmfw C\nbpw H∏n-Sm≥ t]mIp-∂p.Cu Icm-dp-Isf√mw hym]m-csØHutZym-Kn-I-am-bn-Øs∂, Hu]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn-Øs∂, IqSp-X-¬ IqSp-X¬ hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Kh¨sa‚ns‚]n≥_-e-Øn¬ Imcy-߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠nbn´p≈ {ia-ßfmWv

AtXkabw, t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ ]pXnb {ia-߃, taJ-e-IƒIs≠-Øp-I-bm-Wv. ]gb cq]-Øn¬Akw-kvIrX ]Zm¿∞-߃ Ipgn-s®-SpØv mIvS-dn-bn¬ \¬In DXv]m-Z\w\S-Øp∂ coXn-bn-¬- \n∂v temIwamdn°gn-™p. As√-¶n¬ amdn-s°m-≠n-

cn-°-bm-Wv. B[p-\n-I- DXv]m-Z-\-coXn]g-b-Xp-t]mse henb sat{Sm-s]m-fn-‰≥kn‰n -I -fntem h≥ hyh-km-b-

imeIfntem A√ Ct∏mƒ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IqSp-X-¬ Adnhvkm{μo-Ir-X-am-bn- p≈ DXv]m-Z\ kwcw-

-߃ F∂ \ne-bv°v F√m {]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-am-Wv. B DXv]m-Z\ kwcw- -ßsf \ne-\n¿Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ t\csØ

D≈-Xp-t]mep≈ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-ß-f√th≠-Xv. AXn\v t]‰‚ v \nb-awt]mep≈ \nb-{¥Wß-fmWv Bh-iy-

am-bn- p-≈-Xv. CXn-\mbn ]pXnb t]‰‚ v\nbaw D≠m-°p-∂p. -A-s√-¶n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ t]‰‚ v \nbaw _m[-I-a√

F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. -AXpw As√-¶n¬B¿Ph-ap≈ t]‰‚ v \nbaw D≈ C¥y-sb-t]m-ep≈ cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n¿_-‘-ambpw Ah-sb-s°m≠v kz¥w t]‰‚ v\nb-a-ß-fn¬ am‰w hcp-Øm-\p≈\S]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. Adnhv B coXn-bn¬ Hcp Nc°mbn amdp-∂p.- kw-kvImcw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Nc-°mbnamdp-∂p. imkv{X kmt¶-XnI I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃ DXv]-∂-ß-fmbn amdp-∂p.Cu ]pXnb taJ-e-I-fn-se√mw Xs∂

D≠m-Ip∂ ]W-Øns‚ _ehpw AXn-i-‡-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ imkv{Xkmt¶-XnI taJ-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏ v\S-°p∂ Agn-a-Xn-Iƒ C∂v \ap°vDuln-°m≥ ]‰mØ coXn-bn-ep-≈Xmbnamdp-∂Xpw Cu Ime-L- -Øns‚ kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-am-bn ImWWw.

C≥Uybpw am‰-Øn¬Cusbmcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ thWw

C¥y-bn¬ kw -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂am‰-ßsf t\m°n-°m-Wm≥. GXv coXn-

bn-em-sW-¶nepw ChnsS kmº-ØnIhf¿®-bp-≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. B hf¿®-bm-Is´ apsºßpw C√mØ coXn-bn-ep≈

Ak-¥penXm-hÿ krjvSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. [\nI ˛ Zcn{Z Ak-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ am{X-a√, hnI-kn-X-{]tZi-

ßfpw Ahn-I-kn-X-{]tZi-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ Ak-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bp-≠v. DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-ebpw tkh-\-ta-J-ebpw XΩn-

ep≈ Ak-¥p-en -Xm-h-ÿ-bp-≠v.k¿°mcpw kzX-{¥-I-tºm-fhpw XΩn-ep≈ Ak-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bp-≠v. kmº-

ØnI hf¿® D≠m-Ip-∂-tXm-sSm∏wXs∂ Ak-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ am‰--ßfpw D≠mIp∂p. AXvZmcn{Zyw, sXmgn-en-√mbva, hne-°-b‰wF∂o {]iv\-ßsf ÿmbn-bmbn \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {ia-߃ \S-Øn-sIm-≠n -cn -°p∂p. apX-em -fnØwAXns‚ AXn-Po-h-\-{]-{In-b-bv°-IØvZmcn{Zyw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈; sXmgn-en-√mbva \ne\n\n¿Øp-

∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈; hne-°-b‰w\ne\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ {ia-߃ \S-Øp-∂p.

Hmlcn kqNn-I-bnse XI¿®, hntZ-i-I-º-\n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nt£]w]n≥h-en°¬, tUmf-dn\v {]nbw h¿[n-®Xv C¥y≥ Ddp-∏n-I-bpsS aqey-Øn¬KWy-amb XI¿®-bp-≠m-bXv \ΩpsSIb-‰p-a-Xnsb KWy-ambn _m[n-®Xv, ]c-º-cm-KX hyh-km-b-cw-K-߃ XI¿∂Xv,Aßs\ D≠m-Ip∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-fmWv 2009s‚ ]Ip-Xn- hsc D≠m-b--Xv.F¶nepw {Ia-Øn¬ \ap°v am‰w hcp-Øm≥ km[n-®p. am‰w h∂-Xns‚ImcWw t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]m-seC¥y-bnse kmº-Øn-IcwKhpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw Ipsd-sbms° kq£n®p \n∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

kmº-Øn-I-cwKØv C¥y Ipsd-sbms° kpc-£-tbmsS amdn\n∂ncp∂p. \ΩpsS C≥jp-d≥kv taJ-e-bm-sW-¶nepw [\-Imcy, _m¶nwMvtaJ-e-I-fm-sW-¶nepw Ah-bn¬ \S-∂n-cp∂ kacw {]tXy-In®v C≥jq-d≥kvtaJ-e-bn¬ \S-∂ kacw B taJ-e-bn¬ A]ISw C√msX (C≥kp-te-‰Uv)\n¬°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc°qSp-X¬ klm-bn-®p. AXp-sIm≠v a‰p cmPy-߃°v{]bm-k-I-c-am-b cwK-߃ C¥ysbkw_-‘n®v Ipsd-sbms° kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXv am-{X-a√; t\ctØ\Ωƒ cq]bpsS kzX-{¥-hn-\n-abwF∂ coXn-bn¬ hntZi hym]m-chp-ambn_‘-s∏ v \S-Øm-\n-cp∂ {iaw Dt]-

14 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

£nt°≠nh∂p. C¥y-bnse kmaqly{]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ kmº-ØnI imkv{X-⁄¿ CS-s]- p-sIm≠v AXv XSbp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Ipsd s]mXp-ta-J-em-ÿm-]-\ß-ƒASs®-¶nepw, _m°nbp≈ {][m-\-s∏-´-hsb \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-™p.Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬ i‡-amb kacw\SØp-∂-Xn\pw \b-]-c -ambImcyØn¬ Kh¨sa‚ns\ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-w km[n-®p. F∂m¬, tZiobhcp-am-\-Øn¬ hf¿® D≠m-IptºmƒsXmgn-en-√mbva {][m-\-s∏´ {]iv\-am-bn \ne\n¬°p-∂p.- A-Xns‚ A¿∞wC∂v ImWp∂ hf¿® F∂v ]d-bp-∂XvsXmgn-en-√mbva h¿[n-∏n-°p∂XmWv.Hcp `mKØv \ΩpsS kmº-ØnIhf¿®m-\n-c°v h¿[n-°p-∂p. -]-s£,AtX kabw kmaq-ly-\oXn t]mep≈Imcy-߃ ]q¿Wambn XI-cp-∂p.t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse, ]etaJ-e-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Ak-¥p-en-X-amb hf¿® G‰hpw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv DXv]m-Z\taJ-ebpw tkh-\-ta-J-ebpw XΩn-ep≈ hf¿®-bn¬ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ am‰-ß-fnem-Wv. Ak-¥p-enX kmº-ØnI hf¿®°v Xs∂{]tNm-Z-\-am-Ip-∂Xv IShpw kzImcyaqe-[-\hpw BWv. AXv Xs∂ {]Xn-k-‘nsb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ch-

sb√mw tN¿∂p-sIm-≠p≈ \mW-b-s∏-cp-∏hpw hne-°-b-‰hpw as‰-√m-X-c-Øn-ep≈ IW-°p-Iq- -ep-I-tfbpw sX‰n-®p-sIm≠v Hcp ]pXnb {]iv\-ambn amdp-∂p. CXmWv C∂p-≠m-bn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂Xv.

AtX Ah-k-cw Itºm-fw XIcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, Zcn-{Z-cm-bn- p≈Bƒ°msc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Nne ]≤XnIƒ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p≠v. sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv, kzbw klm-b-kw-L-ßsfi‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv Aß-s\-bp≈ Imcy-߃ thsdm-cp- m-KØv\S-°p-∂p-. AXp-hgn Zcn-{Z¿°v In´p∂]Whpw ]q¿Wambpw Itºm-f-Øn-te°v Xs∂ Xncn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. AXpwapX-em-fn-am-cpsS ssII-fn-te°v Xs∂FØpw. B coXn-bn-ep≈ Imcy-߃BXy-¥n-I-ambn AXv apX-em-fnam¿°vKpWw sNøp∂ coXn-bn-te°v am‰nsIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. AXpsIm≠v kmº-ØnIhf¿®sb e£y-am°nsIm≠p≈Xp-am-{X-a√; kmaq-ly-\oXn \ntj-[n-°p∂ÿnXnsb e£y-am-°n sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv C∂sØ CS-s]-S¬. AXns‚ mK-ambn Zmcn{Zyw, sXmgn-en-√m-bva, Ak-a-Xzw, £y-kp-c-£-bn-√m-bva, hne-°-b‰wF∂o {]iv\-߃ kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS mK-ambn cq£-am-Ip-∂p.

Ipsd s]mXp-ta-J-em-ÿm-]-\ß-ƒ ASs®-¶nepw,_m°nbp≈ {][m-\-s∏-´-hsb \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-™p. Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬i‡-amb kacw \SØp-∂-Xn\pw \b-]-c-ambImcyØn¬Kh¨sa‚ns\ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-w km[n-®p.F∂m¬, tZiob hcp-am-\-Øn¬ hf¿® D≠m-Iptºmƒ sXmgn-en-√mbva{][m-\-s∏´ {]iv\-am-bn\ne\n¬°p-∂p.- A-Xns‚A¿∞w C∂v ImWp∂hf¿® F∂v ]d-bp-∂XvsXmgn-en-√mbva h¿[n-∏n-°p∂XmWv.

imkv{X-KXn 15

tIc-f-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂XvCusbmcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ tIc-f-

sØ-°p-dn®v H∂p c≠v Imcy-߃ IqSnkqNn-∏n-t°≠-Xp-≠v. tI-c-f-ØnepwCtX Ah-ÿ-X-s∂-bm-Wv. kmº-ØnI{]Xn-k‘n XpS-ßnb Ah-k-c-Øn¬\Ωƒ IcpXn tIc-f-amsI Xf¿∂pt]mIm-\p≈ km[y-X-bps≠∂v. AXn\vCS-bm-°p∂ ImcW߃ tIc-f-Ønep≠m-bn-cp∂p. am{X-a√, GsdNe-\m-fl-I-am-bn- p≈ tIcf kaq-l-Øn-emWv C¥y-bnse at‰-sXmcp kwÿm-\-tØ-°mfpw kmº-Øn-I-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS cq£X IqSp-X¬ D≠m-hpI F∂v]d-™n-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse £y-hn-f-I-fn¬ IqSp-Xepw hntZi Itºm-f-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p-≈-h-bm-Wv.tIc-f-Ønse ]c-º-cm-KX hyh-kmbDXv]-∂-ß-fn¬ an°Xpw Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bp-∑p-J-am-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏p-Xs∂ Kƒ v cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈]W-hp-ambn tN¿∂p-sIm≠mWv.Cßs\ c≠p aq∂v {][m-\-s∏´ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ sshtZ-inI _‘-߃°vhfsc kzm[o-\-ap≈ tIcf kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bv°mWv C¥y-bn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ {]Xym-Lm-X-ßsf t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cpI F∂v \Ωƒ IW-°m-°n. ]t£,\Ωƒ ]cn-{`m-¥-cm-b-hn-[-Ønep≈{]Xym-Lm-X-߃ tIcfØn¬ D≠m-bn-´n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. F¥p-sIm≠v? Hcp ImcWw [\-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bnse {]Xn-k‘n Hcp DXv]m-Z\ {]Xn-k-‘nbnte-t°m, kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘nbnte-t°m amdn-bn-√. am{X-a-√,BtKmf ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ D≠mb Nneam‰-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn tIc-f-ØnseNne DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hne IqSp-IbpwsNbvXp. Aß-s\bpw Nne KpW-߃D≠m-bn- p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, d∫-dns‚ hne tIc-f-Ønse d∫-dp-ambnam{Xw _‘-s∏- -X-√.- F-Æ-hne F{XIqSp-∂pthm AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v d∫-dn-t‚bpw hne IqSpw. ImcWw Ir{Xnad∫-dns‚ hne IqSp-tºmƒ kzm`m-hnId∫-dns‚ hne IqSpw.-kn-¥-‰nIv d∫-dns‚ hne Ipd-bp-tºmƒ km[m-cWd∫-dns‚ hnebpw Ipd-bpw. Cßs\temI-hn-]-Wn-bn¬ D≠m-bn- p≈ Nneam‰-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- p-sIm≠v NneDXv]∂-ß-fpsS hne h¿[n-°p-IbpwIpd-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. FÆ-bpsS hne-bn¬ Xs∂ \Ωƒ Dt±-in-®-Xp-t]m-sehensbmcp XI¿®- kw -hn-®n-√.- Hcp_mc-en\v 167 tUmf¿ hsc FØnbFÆ-hne Xmgv∂p Xmgv∂p h∂v 50, 60tUmf-dns‚ CS-bn-te°v h∂p F∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXn-t\-°mƒ Xmtg°vt]mbn-´n-√.-Hcp ap∏-Ø-©n-s\ms°

Xmtgm v t]mbm¬ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-emIpw.]s£ Aßs\ t]mbn√, am{X-a√,Kƒ^n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]e-cp-tSbpwtPmenbpw, Ah-cpsS hcp-am-\hpwKWy-amb cq]Øn¬ sh´n-°p-d-®p- F-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ah-cmcpw Xncn-®p-t]m--∂n-√, ImcWw ChnsS h∂m¬ AhnSp-tØXn-t\-°mƒ henb hnti-j-sam∂pan√. AXp-sIm≠v Kƒ^p-I-fn¬\n∂p-≠mb hcp-am-\-Ønepw KWy-ambXI¿®-sbm∂pw tIc-f-Øn¬ A\p- -h-s∏´n-√.

CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa \ΩpsS am\-kn-I-m-hÿ Hcp apX-em-fnØ ss\Xn-I-X-bvs°-Xn-cmWv. am\-kn-I-am-bn- p≈Hcp ka-c- hocyw \ap°nS-bn¬ D≠v.CXv s]mXp-kw-hn-[m-\-ßsf kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bn- p≈ am\-kn-I-ambHc-h-ÿ krjvSn-°p-∂p. AXv Hcpcmjv{Sob Ah-t_m-[-Øns‚ IqSn{]iv\-am-Wv. AXnepw {][m\wkmaqly kpc-£-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- v{]Xn-k-‘n-L- -Ønepw AXn\v ap≥]pwtIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∏m-°n-bn-´p≈ \b-ßfpw ]cn-]m-Sn-IfpamWv; AXv kmaqlykpc-£-bpsS Imcy-Øn-em-bmepws]mXpkwhn-[m-\sØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-bn-em-bmepw AXym-hiy

[\-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bnse{]Xn-k‘n Hcp DXv]m-Z\ {]Xn-k-‘nbnte-t°m, kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘nbnte-t°mamdn-bn-√. am{X-a-√,BtKmf ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ D≠mb Nneam‰-ß-fpsS ^e-ambntIc-f-Ønse Nne DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hne IqSp-Ibpw sNbvXp.Aß-s\bpw NneKpW-߃ D≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

16 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

km[-\-߃ s]mXp-hn-X-cW kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS hnX-cWw sNøm-\p≈ Imcy-Øn-embmepw, IpSpw-_-{io-t]m-ep≈kwhn-[m -\-߃ ˛ sXmgn -ep -d∏pt]mep≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃, A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- p-sIm-≠p≈ am‰-߃ CsX√mw tIc-f-Øn¬Hcp ]cn-{`m¥n C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\v,klm-bn-®n- p≈ \S-]-Sn-I-fm-Wv. AØcw\S-]-Sn-Ifnse Hcp IpXn∏v kaq-l-Øn¬ samØ-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ P\-ß-fpsS {Ib-tijn h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v,]nSn-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn\v henb Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc klm-bn-®n- p-≠v; F¶nepw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-≠v.

]pXnb {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ \Ωƒ t\cn-

´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bn-te-Xn-t\-

°mƒ IqSp-X-emWv tIc-f-Øns‚ kmº-

ØnI hf¿®. ]s£, hcp-am-\-hnX-c-

W-Øn-ep≈ Ak-aXzw IqSn-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂ kwÿm-\-ß-fn-sem∂v tIc-f-am-

Wv. -Hcp `mKØv kmº-ØnI hf¿®

h¿[n-°p-∂p, kmaq-ly-\oXn XI¿∂p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Db-cp∂XmWv \ΩpsS

hf¿®m-\n-c-°v F∂p-s≠-¶n¬ XI-

cp∂XmWv \ΩpsS kmaq-ln-I-\oXn.

Irjn-bn-S-ß-fpsS XI¿® {][m-\-

{]iv\-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS

taep≈ IS-∂m-{I-aWw ]cn[n Ihn-

™n-cn-°p-∂p. D-]-t`m-K-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-

am-bn- p≈ Hcp hnI-k-\-k-ao-]\amWv

i‡n-s]-Sp-∂Xv. CXn-s\-sb√mw s]cp-

∏n-®p-sIm≠v hne-°-b-‰w thsdm-cp- m-

K-Øp-IqsS i‡n-s]-Sp-∂p. Hcp mKØv

]nSn-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ {ia-߃ \S-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Ht´sd {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf, {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fm¬ i‡n-s∏--Sm≥ CS-bp≈ {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kwÿm-\-amWv tIcfw F∂p-≈Xpw {it≤bam-Wv. GX-h-k-c-Ønepw {]Xn-k-‘n-h∂ps]Sm-\p≈ km[yX tIcfwt]mep≈ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv.

{]Xn-tcm-[-Øns‚ cmjv{SobwCu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ]ptcm-K-a\hpw

hnim-e-hp-amb Nn¥bnepw {]h¿Ø\\ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepw Dd-®p-\n¬t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv hfsc {][m-\-s]´ HcpImcy-am-Wv. c≠v coXn-bn¬ {]iv\sØA`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°mw. H∂v am¿IvkvBh¿Øn®v ]d-™-XmWv apX-em-fn-Ø-tem-IØv {]Xn-k-‘n-bp-≠mIpwF∂ Imcyw. AXp-sIm≠v ho≠p-samcpapX-em-fnØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bp-≠m-b-t∏mƒam¿Ivknkw AP-ø-amWv F∂v ]d™v

ap{Zm-hmIytØmsS ]n¥pW {]Jym-]n-°mw. ]s£, AXp-sIm≠v {]iv\w ]cn-

l-cn-°p-∂n-√. am¿Ivkv ]d™ Imcy-߃ AtX coXn-bn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ At±-l-Øn\v]eXpw ap≥Iq- n-]-d-bm-\p≈ B {Im¥-Z¿in-XzsØ \Ωƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p.-AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ {]Xn-k‘nbpsS {]Xym -Lm-X-Øm¬XI¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Zcn-{Z-cm-Wv,]mh-s∏- -h-cm-Wv, I¿j-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv, I¿j-I-cm-Wv. \ΩpsS ]c-º-cm-KX hyh-kmb sXmgn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cpsS sFIyw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwAh¿°v Ah-cpsS D]-Po-h-\-Øn\pth≠n-bp≈Xpw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\vth≠nbp-≈-Xp-amb ka-c-߃ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ahsc IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏´ PohnX ]Ÿm-hn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cnIbpw sNøpI F∂ cmjv{So-b-ZuXywGs‰-Sp-t°-≠p∂ Hcp Ime-L- -amWvC∂-tØXv F∂pw \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ {]iv\w Zcn-{Z-cpsSbpw Zmcn-{Z-Øn-s\-Xnsc Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cpsSbpw sFIyhpwka-chpw Xs∂-bmWv; {]Xn-k-‘n-°p≈ {]Xn-hn[n AXm-Wv. "td‰nMvGP≥kn-'I-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn¬Biz-kn-°p-I-b-√, IqSp-X¬ i‡-amb{]Xn-tcm[ ka-c-߃°v cq]w \¬Ip-I-bmWv C∂sØ Bhiyw.

imkv{X-KXn 17

[h-f-]{X hnhm-Z-Øns‚

Ih¿tÃmdnkn.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥

[h-f-]{X hnhm-Z-Øns‚

s]mcpƒ F¥v?

bp.-Un.-F^v A[n-Im-c-ta‰ DSs\ [\-a{¥n sI.-Fw.-amWnkwÿm-\-Øns‚ [\-ÿnXn tami-am-sW∂pw AXpkw-_-‘n®v[h-f-]{Xw Cd-°p-sa∂pw am[y-a-ß-tfmSv ]d-™n-cp-∂p. Pqsse-bn¬ \nb-a-k`mktΩ-f\w Xocp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºmbn At±lw Aß-s\-sbm∂v \nb-a-k- -bpsS tai-∏p-dØv h®p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®vk -bn¬ N¿®-sbm∂pw D≠m-bn-√. ap≥[-\-a{¥n tUm. tXmakvsFk°v AXn-s\mcp _Z¬]{Xw k`-bpsS tai-∏p-dØvhbv°m≥ {ian-s®-¶n-epw, kv]o°¿ AXv A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Nneam[y-a-ß-fn¬ Ah-sb-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿i-߃ h∂p. tUm.tXmakv sFk°v ""I≈w, ]®-°-≈w, ]ns∂ sI.-Fw.-am-Wn-bpsS IW-°p-Ifpw'' F∂ Xe-s°- n¬ Hcp ]pkvXIwFgpXn Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.

2001-˛se Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØv kwÿm\ [\-ÿnXn ]cs° N¿®-sN-ø-s∏- n-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-sXm- p-apºv Bcw -`n® dnk¿hv _m¶n¬\n -∂p≈Hmh¿{Um vSpw {Sjdn ]e Znh-k-ß-fn¬ AS-®n-Sepw2001-˛06-˛¬ bp.-Un.-F-^v. `c-W-Im-eØv Hcp XpS¿{]{In-b-bmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬,2011- se Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØv AØ-c-Øn¬ hnhm-Z-am-I-Ø-°-hn[w Hcp {]iv\hpw kwÿm-\-Øns‚[\-ÿnXn kw_-‘n®v D≠m-bn-√.

]ns∂, F¥p-sIm≠v amWn- m¿ Ct∏mƒ Hcp[h-f-]-{X-hp-ambn cwK-Øp-h∂p? AXn¬ [\-]-ctam kmº-Øn-Itam Bb Imcy-ß-tf-°mƒcmjv{So-b-amWv apg®p \n¬°p-∂-Xv. am{X-a-√,Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm [h-f-]-{X-Øn¬amWn- m¿ (A-s√-¶n¬ AXv Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\vAt±-lsØ klm-bn® [\-h-Ip-∏v) Ah-X-cn-

[h-f-]{X hnhm-Z-Øns‚

s]mcpƒ F¥v?

B`y-¥-c-h-cp-am\w 10 iX-am\w tXmXn¬ h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ thf-bn¬ Cu \nK-a\w ]mtSsX‰m-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW \b-߃ \ne-hn-ep-≈-t∏mƒ kº-∂¿°v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ \nIp-Xn-bn-fhv \¬Ip∂ \b-amWv Ata-cn-°-bnepw ChnsStI{μ- Øn-ep-sams° \S-∏m-°n-h-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\p≈ Acßv Hcp-°p-I-bmWv [h-f-]-{X-Øn-eqsS amWn- m¿ bYm¿∞-Øn¬sNøp-∂-Xv.

18 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

∏n® IW-°p-I-fnepw hmZ-ß-fnepwNneXv sX‰n-≤m-cW Df-hm-°p∂Xn\p-th≠n Ir{Xn-a-ambn D≠m-°n-b-XmWv;As√-¶n¬ [\-im-kv{X-Øns‚ lcn{ioAt±-l-Øn\pw klm-bn-Iƒ°pw Adn-bn√ F∂p ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. tUm.tXmakv sFk°v amWn- m-dn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bsh Cu hI Imcy-ßfpwNq≠n-°m-´n-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-km\w Ah-cpsS X¿°-hn -X¿°-ß-fn¬\n∂vB¿°pw sNs∂-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv,C∂sØ C¥y-bpsS kmº-ØnINp‰p-]m-Sn¬ tIc-f-Øn\p IqSp-X¬]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-°m≥ sNtø-≠XvF¥v F∂Xp kw_-‘n® Nne [mc-W-I-fn-em-Wv.

[h-f-]-{X-Ønse hni-I-e\w XpS-ßp-∂Xv 2000-˛01 apX¬ 2009-˛10 hsc-bp≈ ]Øp-h¿j-°m-eØv kwÿm-\-Øns‚ B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn¬h∂ am-‰-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. bp.-Un.-F-^v-˛-F¬.-Un.-F-^v. Xmc-X-ay-Øn-\mWv amWn- m¿ ChnsS {ian-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. 2000- 01 F¬.-Un.-F- v.Kh-◊‚ns‚ Ah-km-\ -h¿j-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂sØ bp.-Un.-F-^v. `cWw2001- 06 Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈F¬.-Un.-F- v.- -cWw 2006- 11 Ime-Øpw.AXn-\p-]-Icw 2000-˛05 Dw 2005-˛10 DwBWv amWn- m¿ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂-Xv. CXv hkvXp-Xm-]-c-a-√.

AXn-t\-°mƒ henb [\-]-c-ambsX‰v B Xmc-X-ay-Øn-ep-≠v. B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z\w IW-°m-°m-dp-≈Xv GsX-¶nepw ASn-ÿm\ h¿jsØ hne-Isf ]cn-K-Wn-®m-bn-cn-°pw. 1999-˛2000hne-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nb B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z\ IW-°p-Ifpw 2004- 05 hne-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nb IW-°p-IfpwD≠v. Ch XΩn¬ Xmc-Xayw sNø-W-sa-¶n¬ Htc ASn-ÿm-\-h¿j-Øn¬

IW-°m-°-Ww. F∂m¬, amWn- m¿AXv sNømsX 2000-˛04 Ime-tØ°vBZysØ sk‰v IW-°p-Ifpw ]n∂o-Sp≈ Ime-tØ°v 2004- 05s\ ASn-ÿm-\ -am -°nb IW-°p -Ifpw t\scFSpØp tN¿Øn-cn-°-bm-Wv. [hf]{X-Øn¬ sImSpØ ]´n-Ibpw 1999-˛2000 ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nb ]´n-Ibpw(]´nI 1) sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

bp.-Un. -F-^v. `c-W-Im-e-Øn\vC√mØ anIhv D≠m°n ImWn-°m-\mWv amWn- m¿ [\-im-kv{X-Øn\p\nc-°mØhn[w ]´nIT1 [h-f-]-{X-Øn¬ X´n-∏-S-®Xv!

kwÿm-\-Øns‚ B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z\w Hmtcm Kh-s◊‚ns‚ ImeØvAXns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-f-\p-k-cn®pam{XwGdp-Itbm Ipd-bp-Itbm sNøp∂ H∂-√. Zo¿L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWvAXns‚ {]h-WX Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I. 1972-˛86 ImeØv tIc-f-Øns‚B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z-\-Øns‚ hm¿jnIh¿[\ 1.63 iX-am\w hoX-am-bn-cp-∂p.1987-˛96 ImeØv AXv 6.7 iX-am-\-am-bn. 1997-˛03 ImeØv 5.6 iX-am-\hpwAXn-\p-tijw 10 iX-am-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, tIc-f-Øns‚ B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z\w {Ia-ambnh¿[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ C¥y-bn¬Btfm-lcn hcp-am\w G‰hpw IqSp-X-ep≈ kwÿm\w tIc-f-am-Wv. 2007- 08-˛¬ 40,287 cq]. lcn-bm-\, alm-cm-jv{S,KpP-dmØv F∂n-h-bmWv ]n∂mse hcp-∂-Xv. 2004- 05- se hne-\n-e-hm-c-a-\p-k-cn®v 2009- 10- se Btfm-lcn hcp-am\wGXm≠v 70,000 cq]-bmbn Db¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

kwÿm-\Øv B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn-te-°p≈ Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bpsSkw`m-h\ F¬.-Un.-F- v.- -c-W-Im-eØvCSn™p F∂v [h-f-]{Xw ]d-bp-∂p.tIc-f-Ønse Irjn {][m-\-ambn Zo¿L-Ime hnf-I-fm-Wv. AXn¬ h¿[\ D≠m-Im≥ \o≠-Im-e-sa-Sp-°pw. F¬.-Un.-F^v. `c-W-Im-eØv I≠ aμX 2001-˛06 ImeØv bp.-Un.-F- v.-Ir-jn-°p≈hI-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ XpS¿®-bmbn sh´n-°p-dhv hcp-Øn-b-Xns‚IqSn ^e-am-Wv.2006- 11 ImeØv Irjn-°p≈ hI-bn-cp-ج F¬.-Un.-F-^v. k¿°m¿ h¿[n-∏n®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ kZv^ewASpØ h¿j-ß-fn-emWv ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I.

[h-f-]-{X-Ønse Hcp s]mXp-\n-K-a\w tIc-f-Ønse kmº-ØnI hf¿®aμ-K-Xn-bn-em-sW∂pw AXv s]mXp- -kz-Imcy \nt£]w Ipd-bm≥ CS-bm-°p∂psh∂pw AXv hf¿®m-tXmXv]ns∂bpw Ipd-bm≥ CS-bm-°p-sa-∂p-

tIc-f-Øns‚ B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z\w{Ia-ambn h¿[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ C¥y-bn¬Btfm-lcn hcp-am\wG‰hpw IqSp-X-ep≈kwÿm\w tIc-f-am-Wv.2007- 08- ¬ 40,287 cq].lcn-bm-\, alm-cm-jv{S,KpP-dmØv F∂n-h-bmWv]n∂mse hcp-∂-Xv.2004-˛05-˛se hne-\n-e-hm-c-a-\p-k-cn®v 2009- 10- seBtfm-lcn hcp-am\wGXm≠v 70,000cq]-bmbnDb¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 19imkv{X-KXn 19

am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ k¿°m-cns‚ dh-\yp-h-cp-am\w h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bn√F∂v amWn- m¿ ]d-bp-∂p. B`y-¥-c-h-cp-am\w 10 iX-am\w tXmXn¬ h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ thf-bn¬ Cu \nK-a\w ]mtS sX‰m-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW\b-߃ \ne-hn-ep-≈-t∏mƒ kº-∂¿°v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ \nIp-Xn-bn-fhv \¬Ip∂ \b-amWv Ata-cn-°-bnepw ChnsS tI{μ-Øn-ep-sams° \S-∏m-°n-h-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\p≈ Acßv Hcp-°p-I-bmWv [h-f-]-{X-Øn-eqsS amWn- m¿ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ sNøp-∂-Xv.

kwÿm-\-Øns‚ \nIp-Xn- -\n-IpXnCX-c-h-cp-am\w h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬F¬.-Un.-F-^v. `c-W-Im-eØv Imcy-amb t\´-ap-≠m-b-Xmbn s]mXpshAwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. AXns\CSn®p Im´m≥ [h-f-]-{X-Øn¬ ]´nI3s\ Bkv]-Z-am°n hrYm-{iaw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. \nIp-Xn, \nIp-XnbnXc hcp-am-\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS BsI-Øp-IbpwtI{μ-hn-ln-Xhpw iX-am-\-°-W-°n¬\¬In Ah-tbm-tcm∂pw G‰hpw IqSp-X-em-bXv bp.-Un.-F- v.- -c-W-Im-e-Øm-sW-∂mWv hmZn-°p-∂-Xv. iX-am-\-°-W-°n¬ \¬Ip-tºmƒ Ch-bpsS BsI-ØpI 100 BhmsX Xc-an-√. H∂p IqSp-tºmƒ as‰m∂v Ipd-bpw. AXn-\m¬ BhmZ-Øn¬ IY-bn-√.

F¬.-Un. -F-^v. `c-W-Im-eØv\nIpXn hcp-am\w h¿[n-®Xv hm‰vk{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ ta∑-sIm-≠m-sW∂vamWn- m¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. hm‰v k{º-Zmbw D≠m-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-bn-√.AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v \nIpXn ]ncn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Imcy-£-a-amb k{º-Zmbw D≠m-°-Ww. AXmWv F¬.-Un. -F-^v.k¿°m¿ sNbvX-Xv. BZyw C - -b-en-Mv, ]ns∂ C˛-t]-bvsa‚ v, hym]m-cn-Iƒ°v Ãm‰yq-´-dn- t^m-d-߃ kzbw

Uu¨temUv sNbvsX-Sp-°mw. \nIpXndnt´-Wp-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[\ A∏msS]cn-jvI-cn-®p. sN°vt]m-Ãp-Iƒ Agn-a-Xn-c-ln-X-am-°n. hm‰v \S-∏m-°n-b-Xns\Ah-tem-I\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v knB≥Uv F Pn Xbm-dm°n kwÿm-\-߃°v hnX-cWw sNbvX tcJ-bn¬tIc-f-Øns‚ t\´w FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-®n-´p-≠v. amWn- m¿ F{X Xa-kvI-cn-®mepwF¬.Un.F v k¿°m-cns‚ t\´w t\ -a-√m-Xm-In-√.

C\n \nIpXn kam-l-cWw h¿[n-∏n-°m-\m-hn√ F∂ [h-f-]-{X-Ønse\nK-a\w [\-h-Ip-∏ns‚ \nK-a-\-߃°v hncp-≤-am-Wv. \n¿am-W-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ, d∫¿, kz¿Ww apX-emb ]etaJ-e-I-fnepw KWy-amb \nIpXntNm¿® Ct∏m-gp-ap-≠v F∂v [\-h-Ip-∏ns‚ ]e ]T-\-ßfpw Nq≠n-°m- n-bn-cns° amWn- m¿ \nIpXn hchvIq´m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂XvB¿°pth≠n-bp≈ hnem-]-am-sW∂vhy‡w.

dh-\yq-sN-ehv A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambnXpS-cp∂p F∂pw AXns‚ tXmXvdh\yphcp-am-\-sØ-°mfpw hne-°-b-‰-sØ-°mfpw IqSp-X-em-sW∂pw [h-f-]{Xw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. dh\ypsNehv

B`y-¥-tcm-Xv]m-Z\w

[h-f-]-{X- 1999-˛00 h¿jwh¿jw Ønse B`y¥ iX-am\ ASn-ÿm\-am°nb iX-am\

tcm-Xv]m-Z-\w h¿[\ B`y¥tcm-Xv]m h¿[\(tIm-Sn-cq-]) Z\w (tIm-Sn-cq-])

2000- 01 72659 72659

2001- 02 77924 7.25 77924 7.25

2002- 03 86895 11.51 86895 11.51

2003- 04 90698 11.28 96698 11.28

2004- 05 119264 23.34 110200 13.96

2005- 06 136842 14.74 126511 14.80

2006- 07 153785 12.38 142175 12.38

2007- 08 175141 13.89 161918 13.89

2008- 09 201020 14.78 185844 14.78

2009- 10 230316 14.57 212928 14.57

UDFIm-esØ (2001-˛06)- h¿[\ icm-icn=11.8, LDF Im-esØ (2006-˛10)-h¿[\ icm-icn=13.9

Aßs\ h∂m¬ F¬.-Un.-F- v. k¿°m¿ ]n¥p-S¿∂ [\-\bw bp.-Un.-F-^v.-k¿°mcpw ]n¥p-S-tc-≠n-h-cpw. AXv Hgn-hm-°m-\mWv [h-f-]-{X-ØnsehnX-WvU-hm-Z-߃.F¥mWv B \bw? H∂v,k¿°m-cns‚ dh\yphcp-am\w {]Xn-h¿jwicm-icn 20 iX-am\wh¿[n-∏n-°p-I. c≠v,dh\yp sNehv h¿[n-∏n®vhnZym-`ym-kw, Btcm-Kyw,kmaq-ly-t£aw apX-em-bh sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.aq∂v, A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambtXmXn¬ s]mXp-°Swhmßn aqe-[-\-s®-ehvh¿[n-∏n-°p-I. AXp-hgnIrjnbpw hyh-km-b-ßfpw ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-ßfpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I.CXv BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWi‡n-I-fpsS XmXv]-cy-߃°v hncp-≤-am-Wv.

20 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

Ign™ 10 h¿j-߃°n-S-bn¬ B`y-¥-c-h-cp -am -\-Øns‚ 16 iX-am-\-Øn¬\n∂v 13.5 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-bp-I-bmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ D≠m-b-Xv. apI-fn¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®-Xp-t]mse dh-\yp-h-cp-am\w C\nbpw KWy-ambn h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ km[yXbp-≠v. dh-\yp-sN-ehvIpd-bv°Ww F∂Xv BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Im-eØv k¿°m¿ ]e _m[y-X-I-fn¬\n∂pw Xe-bq-cm≥ {ian-°p∂pF∂ hmZ-Øns‚ as‰mcp cq]-am-Wv.tIcf Kh-s◊‚ v hnZym- ym-kw, Btcm-Kyw, kmaq-ly-t£aw apX-em-b-h-bv°mbn KWy-amb XpI sNe-hn-´-Xp-sIm-≠mWv am\hhnI-k\ kqNnIChnsS Db¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu cwKØv ssIh-cn® t\ -Øn\pHcp ]cn-K-W-\bpw tIc-f-Øn\p e`n-°m-dn-√. tI{μ [\-°-Ωo-j-\p-Iƒ\¬Ip∂ Ahm¿Un¬ tIc-f-Øns‚hnlnXw Ggmw IΩo-j≥ 3.95 iX-am-\-ambn \n›-bn-®Xv ]Xn-aq∂mw IΩo-j≥ Bb-t∏m-tg°v 2.3 iX-am-\-ambnIpd-®p. 12-˛mw [\-°-Ωo-j≥ A\p-h-Zn® 2.66 iX-am\w \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ tIc-f-Øn\v 5000 tImSn cq]IqSp-X¬ In´p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]gb 3.95iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXns‚A©n-c´n A[n-I-ambn e`n-t®-s\.amWn- m-dnt\m bp.-Un.-F- nt\m AXp-kw-_-‘n®v Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-hp-an√,]cm-Xn-bp-an-√.

IΩn-sb-°p-dn-®mWv [h-f-]-{X-Ønse as‰mcp hna¿i-\w. dh-\yp-˛-[-\-I-Ωn-Iƒ bp.-Un.-F- v. c-W-Im-eØv\nb-{¥n-Xhpw F¬.-Un.-F- v. c-W-Im-eØv A\n-b-{¥n-X-hp-ambn F∂v AXv

]d-bp-∂p. hkvXp-X-sb-¥mWv? dh-\yp-IΩn bp.-Un.-F-^v.-`-c-W-Im-eØv icm-icn 3.45 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂Xv F¬.-Un.-F- v. c-W-Im-eØv 1.86 iX-am-\-ambnIpd-™p. F∂m¬ bp.-Un.-F-^v.-K-h-s◊‚ v \S-∏m-°nb iºf ]cn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ _m[yX F¬.-Un. -F-^v. -k¿°m¿ Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠n-h-∂-Xp-aqew2007-˛08epw BtKmf [\ {]Xn-k-‘n-aqew 2009- 10- epw IΩn Db¿∂p. IΩnIpd-bv°m-\mbn B h¿j-ß-fn¬dh\yp sNehv Ipd-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXvP\-߃°n-S-bn¬ henb {]Xym-LmXwDf-hm-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¬.-Un.-F-^v.AXn-t\mSv tbmPn-°p-∂n-√.

[\-°Ωn bp.-Un.-F-^v. `c-W-Im-eØv 4.49 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂Xv F¬.-Un.-F-^v. c-W-Im-eØv 3.09 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-™p. hnhn[ h¿j-ß-fn¬[\-°-Ωn°v tI{μ-k¿°m¿ ]cn[nh®n-cp-∂p. AXnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cp∂pHmtcm h¿jhpw tIc-f-Øns‚ [\-°-Ωn. AXv \nb-{¥n®p \n¿Øm≥ Ign-™n√ F∂v amWn- m¿ ]d-bp-∂XvF¥v ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv F∂vhy‡-a-√.

2009-˛10-˛¬ dh-\yp-˛-[-\-°-Ωn-Iƒtami-ambn F∂ kn.B≥Uv.FPnbpsS \nco-£Ww icn-bm-Wv. BtKm-f-[-\-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpsS BLm-X-ap-≠mb h¿j-am-W-Xv. tI{μ-Øns‚ dh-\yp- -[-\-°-Ωn-Ifpw A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambnDb¿∂ h¿j-am-W-Xv. tI{μ-k¿°m¿\n›-bn-® ]cn-[n-°-I-ØmWv ChnsSAh D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

BtKmf {]Xn-k‘nbpsS ImeØvhmbv]-Isf IqSp-X¬ B{i-bn-°m≥

F¬.-Un.-F-^v. Kh-s◊‚ v \n¿_-‘n-X-am-bn. F∂m¬ bp.-Un.-F- v.`c-W-Im-eØv hmbv]-bpsS 77 iX-am\w dh-\yp-sN-e-hp-Iƒ°v D]-tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒF¬.-Un.-F- v.- -c-W-Im-eØv 60 iX-am-\ta D]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈q. 2009- 10- ¬ tI{μhmbv]m-]-cn[n 3 iX-am-\-Øn¬\n∂v 4Bbn Db¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ, IqSp-X¬FSpØ hmbv]-bn¬ an°Xpw Xmc-X-tay\ ]eni Ipd-hp≈ Itºmfhmbv]-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv kwÿm-\-Øn\p KpW-amWv sNbvX-Xv.

F¬.-Un.-F- v.- -c-W-Im-eØv tIcfk¿°m-cns‚ ISw `oaambn h¿[n®pF∂mWv amWn- m-dns‚ as‰mcpNm¿Pv. 2000- 01- ¬ 26,950 tImSn cq]-bm-bn-cp∂ ISw 2010- ¬ 78,673 tImSn-bmbnh¿[n-s®∂pw 2004- ¬ 11,474 cq]-bm-bn-cp∂ {]Xn-io¿j ISw 2008-˛¬ 16,074cq]-bmbn Db¿∂p F∂pw tZiob {]Xn-io¿j ISw10,018 cq] am{X-am-sW∂pwNq≠n-°m- p-∂p. tIc-fo-b-cmsI IS-s°-Wn-bn-embn F¬.-Un.-F-^v. k¿°m-¿-aqew F∂ {]XoXn [h-f-]{Xw krjvSn-°p-∂p.

F¥mWv bmYm¿∞yw? bp.-Un.-F-^v. k¿°m¿ 2001-˛¬ \ne-hn¬h-∂-t∏mƒ 23,919 tImSn-bm-bn-cp∂p s]mXp-°-Sw. Ah¿ cWw hnSp-tºmƒ 45,929tImSn-bmbn Db¿∂p. 92 iX-am-\-amWvh¿[-\. 45,929 tImSn-bn¬\n∂v 78,675tImSn-bmbn F¬.-Un.-F-^v. `c-W-Im-eØv ISw Db-cp-tºmƒ h¿[\ 70 iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv.

Cu IS-ßsf tIh-e-am-b√ Xmc-Xayw sNtø-≠-Xv. Cu h¿j-ß-fnsekwÿm\ B`y-¥c hcp-am-\-hp-ambn

imkv{X-KXn 21

Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 2001-˛¬ AhXΩn-ep≈ A\p-]mXw 32.9 iX-am-\-am-Wv. 2005-˛06-˛¬ AXv 33.56 iX-am-\-ambn h¿[n-®p. 2010-˛11-˛¬ AXv 29.5iX-am-\-ambn CSn-™p. At∏mƒ ISwA\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn IqSp∂p F∂p ]d-bm≥ Ign-bptam?

kwÿm\ Kh-s◊‚n\p tXm∂n-b-t]mse ISw hmßm-\m-hn-√. Hmtcmh¿jhpw hmßm-hp∂ ISØn\p tI{μk¿°m¿ ]cn[n \n›-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.AXn-t\-°mƒ Ipdhv ISw am{XtaF¬.-Un.-F-^v. `c-W-Im-eØv hmßn-bn- p-≈q.

IS-_m-[yX Hcp Kh-s◊‚n\pXmßm-hp-∂-XmtWm F∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv B`y-¥c hcp-am\w h¿[n-°p-∂Xv]eni h¿[n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ thK-Øn-emtWm F∂pw {]mY-anI IΩn Ipd-bp-∂pt≠m F∂pw As√-¶n¬ [\-°-Ωnbpw B`y-¥-c-h-cp-am-\hpw XΩn-ep≈tXmXv Ipd-bp-∂p-t≠m, AXp-t]mse dh-\yp-I-Ωnbpw [\-°-Ωnbpw XΩn-ep≈tXmXv Ipd-bp-∂pt≠m F∂pw \nco-£n-®m-Wv. AØcw kqN-I-ß-sfms°ImWn-°p-∂Xv tIcfw IS-s°-Wn-bn-e-√, AXns‚ ÿnXn sa®-s∏-Sp∂pF∂m-Wv.

Aßs\ h∂m¬ F¬.-Un.-F-^v.k¿°m¿ ]n¥p-S¿∂ [\-\bw bp.-Un.-F-^v.-k¿°mcpw ]n¥p-S-tc-≠n-h-cpw.AXv Hgn-hm-°m-\mWv [h-f-]-{X-ØnsehnX-WvU-hm-Z-߃. F¥mWv B\bw? H∂v, k¿°m-cns‚ dh\yp hcp-am\w {]Xn-h¿jw icm-icn 20 iX-am\wh¿[n-∏n-°p-I. c≠v, dh\yp sNehvh¿[n-∏n®v hnZym-`ym-kw, Btcm-Kyw,kmaq-ly-t£aw apX-em-bh sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. aq∂v, A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb

tXmXn¬ s]mXp-°Sw hmßn aqe-[-\-s®-ehv h¿[n-∏n -°p-I. AXp-hgnIrjnbpw hyh-km-b-ßfpw ]›m-ØekuI-cy-ßfpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I.

CXv BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW i‡n-I-fpsS XmXv]-cy-߃°v hncp-≤-am-Wv.Ah¿°p-th-≠Xv k¿°m¿ dh-\yp-h-cp-am\w h¿[n-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°-em-Wv.AXm-bXv \nIpXn IrXy-ambn ]ncn-°m-Xn-cn-°-em-Wv. AXn-\p-th≠n dh-\yp-sN-ehv Ipd-bv°-Ww. hnZym-`ym-kw,Btcm-Kyw, kmaq-ly-t£aw F∂n-h-sbms° kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebv°p hnS-Ww.]›m-Øe kuI-cy-ßfpw DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-Ifpw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂.

CXm-bn-cp∂p 2001- se bp.-Un.-F- v.-K-h-s◊‚ns‚ e£yw A∂sØ [h-f-]-{X-Øns‚ Du∂¬ AXm-bn-cp-∂p.AXv Bh¿Øn-°pIbmWv amWn- m¿Xs‚ [h-f-]-{X-Øn-eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv.

B \bw ]n¥p-S¿∂XpsIm≠vtIc-f-Øn\pw Chn-SsØ P\-km-am-\y-Øn\pw F¥p kw`-hn®p F∂v P\-ß-fmcpw ad∂p ImWn-√. [h-f-]-{X-Øn¬ amWn- m¿ F¬.-Un.-F- v. Kh-s◊‚ n -s\-°p -dn® v D∂-bn -°p∂hna¿i\w XXvImew am‰n-h-bv°mw._Z-embn At±lw \n¿t±-in-°p∂ \b-]-cn-jvImcw \S-∏m-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-Wtam AtXm, Ign™ A©p-h¿jwF¬.-Un.-F-^v.k¿°m¿ ]n¥p-S¿∂\b-ß-fmWv ]n¥p-S-tc-≠Xv F∂v Bh-iy-s∏-S-Wtam? C°mcyw P\-߃°n-S-bn¬ hym]-I-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-S-Ww. GXv \b-amWv ]n¥p-S-tc-≠XvF∂v P\-߃ Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww. A[n-Imc hn\n-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\-߃ kPo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ XpS-ßnb Ime-am-Wt√m CXv.

hn⁄m-\-Øns‚]pØ-≥ taJ-e-I-f-dn-bm≥

imkv{X-tI-cfw

sslkvIqƒ {]mb-°m-cmb

Ip´n-Iƒ°pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°pw

A[ym-]-I¿°pw Adn-bm\pw

kq£n-®p-h-bv°m-\p-ap-X-Ip∂

imkv{X-am-knI

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 125 cq]

hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃°v

amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿imkv{X-tI-cfw

]cn-jZv h≥, Nme-∏pdwtImgn-t°mSv - 673002t^m¨: 0495 2701919

22 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

A\p-kva-cWwtUm. B¿.hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

kn.hn cmas‚ a‰p {]K¤-cmb hnZym¿∞nIƒt°m a‰p\nch[n ]pcpjimkv{X⁄¿t°m IpSpw_PohnXw Hcp `mcamtbmXS amtbmA\p`hs∏´n´n√. t\sc adn®v-Ah-¿°v ]q¿W kabwimkv{X k]cy-bn¬apgpIØ°hn[w euInINpaX-eIfn¬ \n∂v- hnSpX¬In´m\mWv- ]et∏mgpwIpSpw_w klmbn®n-´p≈Xv.Ah¿°v Hcp Xncs™Sp∏vth≠n hcp∂n√. F∂m¬,ka¿∏nX tNX pIfmbh\nXIƒ°v c≠n-sem∂vXncs™Spt°≠Xmbnhcp∂p. Cu [¿ak¶SØn¬ \n∂v- AhsctamNn∏n®ns√¶n¬ \ΩpsSP\kwJybn¬ ]mXnhcp∂h\nXI-fpsS {]Xn`cm{„Øn\p \„s∏SpI-bmhpw kw`hn°pI.

A∂m amWnsb

Hm¿°ptºmƒ

A∂m amWnsb

Hm¿°ptºmƒCu BKÃp 16 tUm. A∂m amWn-bpsS ]Ømw Nca hm¿jnIw Bbn-cp∂p. B Znhkw tIcf imkv{X-kmlnXy ]cnjØv BNcn®Xv- Xnc-p-h-\¥]pcØv h\nXm imkv{X⁄-cpsS Hcp Iq´mbva kwLSn∏n®p-sIm-≠mWv. A∂m amWnbpsS kz`mhwh®pt\m°ptºmƒ AXn¬ sNdn-sbmcpsshcp[yw tXm∂n-tb°mw. "h\nXmimkv{X⁄' F∂ hnti-jWw H´ptaC„s∏SmØ hy‡n Bbncp∂pAh¿. Hcn°¬ Ahsc A`napJwsNøm\mbn h∂ Fw.sF.-Sn.bnse

s{]ms^ ¿ B`m kqdnt\mSv Ah¿apJØSn®t]mse ]d™p: ""F¥p-∂mWo h\nXm imkv{X⁄ Fs∂m-s° ]d™p _lfw D≠m-°p∂Xv-?Ct∏mgsØ kv{XoIƒ°v kb≥kvsNøm≥ _p≤nap´p≠m-bn-cn°pw.RßfpsS ImeØv- Aß-\sØ{]iv\ßsfm∂pw D≠mbncp-∂n√.Rm≥ F¥p sNøWw F∂v- Xocp-am\n°p∂Xn¬ Rm≥ Hcp kv{Xo BWv-F∂Xv Hcp LSIta Bbncp-∂n√.''

Ah¿ BZyw Aßs\ ]ds™-¶nepw A`napJw ]ptcmKan®t∏mƒ

AhcpsS hnZym¿Yn PohnXØn¬Ah¿ A\p`hn® _p≤nap´pIƒ ad\o°n ]pdØph∂p. Hcp ]t£ Ime-∏g°w sIm≠v AkpJIcamb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ aßnbXmImw. As√¶n¬, Hcpimkv{X⁄ F∂ \nebn¬ Xm≥]mSp-s]´p t\Snb t\´ßƒ "Hcph\nX F∂ ]cnKW\ aqew e`n®t\´ßƒ' F∂ \nebn¬ "hne Ipd®v'IcpXs∏Sptam F∂ Bi¶ BImw,Ah-cpsS BZy {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\p Imc-Ww. Fs¥∂m¬ "World Meteorologi-cal Organization" \v A\phZn® Hcp

imkv{X-KXn 23

A`n --ap -JØn¬ Ah¿ ]d™p:(imkv{X KthjWw an°hmdpw ]pcp-j-∑mcpsS taJe BsW¶nepw)Fs∂ kw_‘n®nStØmfw Hcpkv{Xo F∂ \nebn¬ F\n°v Hcn-°epw Fs¥¶nepw hnthN\wA\p`hnt°≠nh∂n´n√. kv{XoBbXpsIm≠v Hcp tZmjhpw D≠m-bn´n√, {]tXyI ]cnKW\bpw In´n-bn´n√."as‰mcp kμ¿`Øn¬ Ah¿Iq´n -t®¿Øp: ""F\n°v In´nbA°mZanI AwKoImcw F√mw Rm≥ITn\m[zm\w sIm≠v t\SnbhbmWv.Fs∂ G¬∏n® DØchmZnØ߃F√mw Rm≥ Ah \n¿hln°m≥tbmKy BsW∂v I≠Xv sIm≠vGev∏n®hbmWv-... sF.sF.Fkv.-knbnse kvtImf¿jnt∏m Cw•≠n¬t]mIm\p≈ kvtImf¿jnt∏m H∂pw]pcpjt\m kv{Xotbm F∂ ]cnKW\h®p In´nbX√.''

Cu at\m`mhw {]XnIqe kmlN-cyßsf AXnPohn®p t\´ßƒsImbvX ]ecnepw I≠n´p≠v. {]K¤-\mb Hcp sF F Fkv Hm^ok¿,At±-lw s]mXp hnZym`ymk UbdŒ¿

Bbncp∂t∏mƒ, ]gb ]mTy ]≤Xn-sb∏‰n ]d™Xv, ""Cu ]mTy ]≤Xn-s°mcp Ipg∏hpan√; Rms\m-s°

AXneqsS ]Tn®v-, Ignhpw A[zm\hpwam{Xw sIm≠v Cu \nebn¬ FØn-bnt√?'' Xm≥ {]iv\ßsf AXnPohn-

®Xv Xs‚ anSp°v sIm≠pw ITn\m-[zm\w sIm≠pw BsW∂v ]dbptºm-gp≈ hywKyw, Aßs\ c£s∏Sm≥

IgnbmØh¿ th≠{X A[zm\n -°mØhtcm Ignhv C√mØhtcmBsW-∂t√? Ignhpw A[zm\hpw{][m-\w Xs∂, F∂ncp∂mepw, AXn-\∏pdw {]XnIqe kmlNcy-ßfpwhnthN\ßfpw hln°p∂ ]¶vImWmXncn°p∂Xv \oXnbp‡ambHcp hyhÿnXn sI´n∏Sp°p∂Xn\vXSkw Xs∂bmWv. tUm. A∂m amWnXo¿®bmbpw kmlNcyßfnse hnth-

N\-sØ∏‰n t_m[hXn Bbncp∂p.Xm≥ P\n®Xpw hf¿∂Xpamb sa®-s∏´ kmlNcyßfpw Db¿∂ IpSpw_

]›mØehpw \¬Inb khntijap≥Xq°w X\n°v- F{Xam{Xw KpWwsNbvXp F∂v- Ah¿°v \√ \n›bwD≠mbncp∂p. AXn-√m-Ø-h¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw Ah¿°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂AØcw D®\oNØ߃ Ahkm-\n∏n-°Ww F∂ ]£°mcn Bbn-cp∂p Ah¿. Hcp "BŒnhnÃv' Bbn-cp∂ns√¶nepw tkmjyenÃv Nn¥mK-Xn-°mcpambn \√ _‘w ]pe¿Øp-

Ibpw AhcpsS BibßtfmSv A\p-`mhw {]ISn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p.""As∂ms° R߃°v CSXp]£-°mtcmSv henb _lpam\w Bbn-cp∂p,'' Ah¿ B`m kqdnt\mSv ]d-™p. kmaqlnI kmºØnI Ak-a-Xz-ßfpambn X´n®p t\m°ptºmƒ Hcp]t£ kv{Xosb∂ \nebnep≈]cm[o\XIƒ A{X KpcpXca√ F∂v-Ah¿°v tXm∂n°mWWw.

t\ctØ kqNn∏n®Xpt]mseCsXms°bmsW¶nepw sF.sF.Fkv.-kn.-bnse Zn\߃ Hm¿°ptºmƒAdnbmsX Xs∂ s]¨Ip´nIƒA∂v A\p`hnt°≠nh∂ hnthN-\߃ Ah¿ Abhnd°p∂p≠v. k¿kn hn cma≥ hfsc henb Hcp a\p-jy\pw sIt¶a\mb imkv{X-⁄\pwHs° Bbncps∂¶nepw kv{XokaXz-sØ∏‰n At±lØns‚ ImgvN∏mSvXnI®pw ]n¥ncn∏≥ Bbncp∂p F∂v-]dbmsX høm. 1933˛¬ BZyambn Hcps]¨Ip´n At±lØns‚ Un∏m¿´vsa‚ n¬ Fw.Fkvkn ^nknIvkv]Tn°m≥ At]£n®t∏mƒ At±l-Øns‚ {]XnIcWw, ""Fs‚ Un∏m¿ v-sa‚n¬ Rm≥ H‰ s]¨Ip´nsbbpwISØn√'' F∂mbncp∂p. t_mws_bqWnth-gvkn‰nbn¬ \n∂v- _n.FkvknH∂mw dm¶n¬ ]m mb Iaem tkm-tlmWn Aßs\ hn´p sImSp°p∂{]IrX°mcn Bbncp∂n√. Ah¿_mw•qcnseØn cmas\°≠v F¥p-sIm≠v X\n°p {]thi\w \ntj[n-°s∏´p F∂v- hniZoIcn°m≥ Bhiy-s∏´p. ^nknIvkv s]¨Ip´nIƒ°v-hgßn√ F∂ a´nep≈ DØcß-sfm∂pw Ah¿ AwKoIcn®n√.Xs∂bpa√, X\n°v- Ahkcw X-∂m¬ Unkv‰nMv£t\mSpIqSn Fw.-Fkvkn ]m mIpw F∂v- sh√phn-fn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¥nt\sd ]dbp-∂p, k¿ kn.hn cma\v hgtß≠nh∂p,Ah¿ hm°v ]men°pIbpw sNbvXp!

AXns\XpS¿∂mWv A∂m amWnDƒs∏sS aq∂v s]¨Ip´nIƒ cmas‚IqsS ]n FOv Un sNøm≥ tNcp∂Xv:efnX, kp\μ F∂nhcmbncp∂p a‰pc≠pt]¿. Ahcn¬ efnX Xmakn-bmsX (]n∂oSv t\m_¬ tPXmhmb)Fkv. N{μtiJsd hnhmlw Ign®v-Kth-jWØn¬ \n∂v- ]n≥hmßn.kp\μm _mbn ]nFOv. Un {]_-‘wka¿∏n®p Ign™v kzoU-\n-tebv°vHcp kvtImf¿jn∏pw In´n Ccn°p∂kabØv Zpcql ImcWßfm¬BfllXy sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS Ah-km\ B{Klw ka¿∏n®p Ign™{]_-‘-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ac-Wm-\-¥c

k¿ kn hn cma≥ hfschenb Hcp a\p-jy\pwsIt¶a\mb imkv{X-⁄\pw Hs°Bbncps∂¶nepwkv{XokaXz-sØ∏‰nAt±lØns‚ImgvN∏mSv XnI®pw]n¥ncn∏≥ Bbncp∂pF∂v- ]dbmsX høm.1933˛¬ BZyambn Hcps]¨Ip´nAt±lØns‚ Un∏m¿´vsa‚n¬ Fw.Fkvkn^nknIvkv ]Tn°m≥At]£n®t∏mƒAt±l-Øns‚{]XnIcWw, ""Fs‚Un∏m¿´v-sa‚n¬ Rm≥H‰ s]¨Ip´nsbbpwISØn√'' F∂mbncp∂p.

24 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

]n.-F-Ov.-Un. Int´≠ F∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw a{Zmkv bqWnthgvkn‰n _ncpZw\¬Im≥ hn[nssh]coXysa∂p]dbs´, A∂m amWn°pw ]nFOv. Un_ncpZw \ntj[n°s∏´p. kz¥w t]cn-¬ A©v KthjW {]_‘-߃{]kn≤oIcn® tijw BWv- Ah¿Xoknkv ka¿∏n®sX¶nepw Ah¿°v_n Fkv kn HmtWgvkv _ncpZw BWv-D≈Xv, Fw Fkv kn C√m, F∂ Ipcp-´phmZw BWv- a{Zmkv bqWn-thgvkn‰nD∂bn®Xv. AXn¬ enwK]cambhnthN\w D≠mbncpt∂m F∂v- Xo¿®]dbm≥ høm.

]t£ sF.sF.Fkv.kn.bnsehnZym¿Yn PohnXØn¬ AXv \∂mbnD≠mbncp∂p. Ct∏mgsØ Nne 'kZm-Nmct∏meokpImsc' t]mse Bbn-cp∂p cmas‚ kao]\w. s]¨Ip´n-Ifpw B¨Ip´nIfpw Bbn kwkm-cn°p∂Xv Xs∂ Ip‰w. (Cu "cma≥F^vs^Iv‰v-' \ΩpsS ]e A°mZ-anI Kpcp°≥am¿°nSbnepw hym]I-ambn D≠v.) ssat{ImkvtIm∏neqsS{i≤m]q¿hw \nco£Ww \SØns°m-≠ncn°bmsW¶n¬ t]mepw ASp-sØ-hnsSsb¶nepw Hcp s]¨Ip´n GsX-¶nepw B¨Ip´nbpambn kwkmcn-°p∂Xv Xncn®dnbm≥ At±lØn\vHcp Bdmw C{μnbw D≠mbncp∂pF∂v- hnZym¿YnIƒ Xami ]dbpambn-cp∂pht{X! B¨Ip´nIfpw s]¨Ip-´nIfpw H∂n®v- \S°p∂Xv I≠m¬"e÷mhlw!' F∂mbncp∂p At±l-Øns‚ {]XnIcWw. Hcn°¬ Xs‚kXo¿∞y\mb \mKaWnbpambnA∂ kwkmcn®p \n¬°ptºmgmWvZqsc \n∂v- s{]m . cma≥ ssk°nfn¬hcp∂Xv Ah¿ I≠Xv. cmas\ "t\cn-Sm≥!' D≈ mcw A∂bpsS Xebn¬

C´n´p \mKaWn HmSn c£s∏´XvAh¿ IuXpI]q¿Δw Hm¿°p∂p.CXn¬ enwK]camb hnthN\Øns‚{]iv\w am{Xa√ D≈Xv. Htc taJe-bn¬ KthjWw sNøp∂ hnZym¿Yn-Isf kw_‘n®nStØmfw ]ckv]c-ap≈ kº¿°hpw Bib hn\na-bhpw PohhmbphmWv. Aßs\bmWvAh¿°v ]pXnb Bib߃ In´p-∂Xpw kwib߃ Xocp∂Xpw. AXn-\p≈ Ahkcw s]¨Ip´nIƒ°v-\ntj[n°s∏Sp∂Xv Xpey Ahkcw\ntj[n°p∂Xv Xs∂bmWv. AXvAhcpsS A°mZanI hnImksØXo¿®bmbpw _m[n°pw.

"Ah¿ Hcp sSd¿ Bbncp∂p!'

A∂m amWnbpsSbpw as‰mcp{]ikvX aebmfn h\nXm imkv{X-⁄ Bb Cu sI Pm\In AΩmfn-s‚bpw PohnXØn¬ ImWp∂ Nnekam\-XIƒ {it≤bw BWv - ,F∂Xpw IuXpIw DW¿Øp∂p. c≠vt]cpw HutZymKnI temIØv hfscIWni°mcnIƒ Bbncp∂p F∂mWvAhsc t\cn´p ]cnNbw D≠mbn-cp∂h¿ ]dbp∂Xv. ""Ah¿ Hcp "sSd¿'Bbncp∂p'' F∂ {]tbmKw c≠vt]sc Ipdn®pw tI´n´p≠v.

F∂m¬ {ioaXn A∂m amWnbpsSImcyØnse¶nepw, ASpØdnbptºmƒAh¿ hfsc kvt\lhpw klm\p-`qXnbpw D≈ Hcmƒ Bbncp∂p F∂v-kz¥w A\p`hßfn¬ \n∂v- F\n°v]dbphm≥ Ignbpw. As\¿´ns‚ Ub-cŒ¿ Bbn NpaXe G‰t∏mƒ tIcf-Øn¬ \S∂psIm≠ncp∂ hn≥Uvam∏nwKv ]cn]mSnbpsS dnhyqhn¬ ]s¶-Sp°m≥ U¬lnbn¬ sN∂t∏mgm-bncp∂p BZy IqSn°mgvN. ao‰nßn¬

h®pXs∂ ]ckyambn Ah¿ Fs∂"NmSn®p.' AhcpsS t\XrXzØn¬AJn -te¥ym XeØn¬ \S∂psIm≠n-cp∂ hn≥Uv am∏nwKv ]cn-]mSnbn¬ \n∂v- hyXykvXambn tIcfwkz¥ambn Fs¥ms°tbm sNbvXp-sIm≠ncp∂XmWv Ahsc sNmSn-∏n®Xv. "Chcmc∏m!' F∂v- Rm≥ Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£ ao‰nwKvIgn™t∏mƒ Ah¿ Fs∂ {]tXyIwhnfn®v AJnte¥ym ]cn]mSntbmSvHØpt]mImsX thdn´v- Imcy߃sNøp∂Xns‚ A¿∞ iq\yX im¥-ambn ]d™p t_m[ys∏SpØn. As\-¿´ns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃°v kIeklIcWhpw hmKvZm\w sNøpIbpwsNbvXp.* ]n∂oSv Rm≥ As\¿´n¬\n∂v- t]m∂n´pw Ahcpambn hfscASpØv CSs]Sm≥ F\n°v AhkcwD≠mbn. 1990-˛¬ Cw•≠nse sdUn-ßn¬ h®p \S∂ A¥mcm{„ kutcm-¿P ktΩf\Øn¬ Ahscm-∂n®p]s¶Sp°m\p≈ `mKyw F\n°p-≠mbn. Ah¿ A∂v A¥mcm{„kutcm¿P kaqlØns‚ sshkv{]knU‚ v- F∂ \nebn¬ HutZym-KnI {]Xn\n[n BWv- -. Rm≥ k¿-°m¿ klmbw H∂pw In´msX kz¥wssIbn¬ \n∂v- ]Ww apS°n {]_‘wAh-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ sN∂ Hcp "]mhw'KthjI\pw. sIm¨s^sd≥kns‚`mKw Bbn Un∂dpw '_mfpw' Hs°-bp≠v; F√mØn\pw {]tXyIw ]WwsImSp°Ww F∂p≈Xv sIm≠vAtßm-s´m∂pw FØn t\m°m≥t]mepw Rm≥ sa\s°´n√. Fs‚ÿnXn Adnbmhp∂ Ah¿ Fs∂tXSn-∏nSn®p h∂p. Ah¿°v skuP-\yambn In´nb ]mkpIƒ F\n°vX∂n´v ]d™p, ""\nßsft∏mep≈

imkv{X-KXn 25

sNdp∏°mcmWv CXns\ms° t]mtI-≠Xv. F\n°nsXms° F¥n\m?''

HutZymKnI NpaXeIfn¬ \n∂v-hncan® tijw A\mtcmKyw \nanØwAh¿ Xncph\¥]pcØp≈ ktlmZ-cs‚ ({io sI. ‰n. Nm≠nbpsS) hk-Xnbn¬ Bbncp∂p Ahkm\ \mfp-Iƒ sNehgn®Xv. A°meØv, ap≥]vAs\¿ n¬ Ft∂msSm∏w D≠mbncp∂{ioh’≥ AhcpsS Iogn¬ ]n FOvUn sNøm≥ B{Klw {]ISn∏n®p.{ioh¬k\v th≠n Rm≥ AhcpsSho´n¬ t]mbn \∂mbn \n¿_‘n®v,HSphn¬ Ahscs°m≠p kΩXn∏n-°pIbpw sNbvXp. Iptd \mƒ Ign™-t∏mƒ AhcpsS BtcmKyw tamiambn.]ns∂ Fs∂ ImWptºmƒ, Ah¿]dbpw, ""Xs‚ {ioh’t\mSv ]dbp,thKw ]Wn Xo¿°m≥. F∂n v thWwF\n°v acn°m≥!'' Ahkm\ImeØv- InS°bn¬ InS∂p sIm≠mWvAh¿ Xoknkv hmbn®ptI´p XncpØn-s°mSpØXpw GXm≠v A¥na I¿awF∂ \nebn¬ ]n FOv Un ]co£-bv°p≈ ISemkpIƒ H∏n´psImSp-ØXpw. kvt\labn Bb Hcp AΩp-ΩbpsS cq]hpw `mhhpw Bbncp∂pAh¿°v. Aßs\bp≈ Hcmƒ "sSd¿!'Bbn Adnbs∏SWsa¶n¬ AXvAdn™psIm≠v AWn™ Hcp_mlyBhcWw BImt\ Xcap≈q.

\ΩpsS imkv{X kmt¶XnI cwKwGXm≠v ]q¿Wambpw Hcp ]pcpjta[mhnXz taJe BWt√m. hfsca’cm[njvTnXhpw BWXv. AhnsSapIfn¬ FØWw F¶n¬ H∂pIn¬,]pcpj ta[mhnØØn\p kzoImcy-ambHcp A\p\b ssien kzmbØ-am°Ww. AXs√¶n¬ ]pcpj ta[mhn-ØtØmSv s]mcpXn, sIm≠pw

sImSpØpw a’cn®pw apt∂dWw,AXn\v B{IatWm’pIX (agression),[m¿„yw XpSßn "]pcpj KpW-߃'F∂v kaqlw hn[n®n´p≈ Nnekz`mh khntijXIƒ DƒsIm-≠m¬ am{Xta ]‰q F∂pt≠m? AhDƒs°m≈m≥ IgnbmØ ]pcpj∑m¿t]mepw ]n≥X≈s∏Sp∂pt≠m?AXpsIm≠pXs∂ AhnsS a’cn®papIfn¬ FØp∂ h\nXIfnepw Cukz`mh hntij߃ D≠mImsXXcan√. As√¶n¬, NpcpßnbXvAXns‚ Hcp BhcWw F¶nepwAh¿ FSpØWnt™ ]‰q. AXpsIm≠mtWm Cu c≠v h\nXIfnepw"]cp°≥ a v' Btcm]n°s∏´Xv- F∂v-Nn¥nt°≠XmWv.

Ahn-hm-ln-X-I-fmbimkv{X-⁄-Iƒ

c≠v t]cpw AhnhmlnXIƒBbn Pohn®p F∂Xpw bmZrOnIwam{Xw BtWm?

A∂m amWnbpw Pm\In AΩmfpwam{Xa√, C¥y≥ imkv{X cwKØvhy‡n ap{Z ]Xn∏n® {]K¤ h\nX-IfpsS IY ]dbp∂ "eoemhXnbpsSs]¨a°ƒ' F∂ hnJymX {KŸ-Øn¬ ]cma¿in°p∂ h\nXIfn¬ 27% t]cpw AhnhmlnXIƒ Bbncp∂pF∂Xpw bmZrOnIw BtWm? F¥p-sIm≠v AhnhmlnX Bbn Pohn-°m≥ Xocpam\n®p F∂ tNmZyØn\vIpkrXn Ie¿∂ DØcta A∂mamWn \¬Inbn´p≈q. s{]m -. Pm\InAΩmfns‚ ImcyØnse∂ t]mse,ImcWw \ap°v Duln°mhp∂tXD≈q. ]q¿Wambpw imkv{Xk]cybn¬apgpInb Hcp kv{Xobv°v IpSpw_Pohn-Xw H∏w sIm≠pt]mIm≥ Ign-bn√ F∂v- Ah¿°v tXm∂n°mWWw.

F∂m¬ kn.hn cmas‚ a‰p {]K¤-cmb hnZym¿∞nIƒt°m a‰p \nch[n]pcpj imkv{X⁄¿t°m IpSpw_PohnXw Hcp `mcamtbm XS amtbmA\p`hs∏´n´n√. t\sc adn®v- Ah-¿°v ]q¿W kabw imkv{X k]cy-bn¬ apgpIØ°hn[w euInI NpaX-eIfn¬ \n∂v- hnSpX¬ In´m\mWv-]et∏mgpw IpSpw_w klmbn®n-´p≈Xv. Ah¿°v Hcp Xncs™Sp∏vth≠n hcp∂n√. F∂m¬, ka¿∏nXtNX pIfmb h\nXIƒ°v c≠n-sem∂v Xncs™Spt°≠Xmbnhcp∂p. Cu [¿a k¶SØn¬ \n∂v-Ahsc tamNn∏n®ns√¶n¬ \ΩpsSP\kwJybn¬ ]mXnhcp∂ h\nXI-fpsS {]Xn` cm{„Øn\p \„s∏SpI-bmhpw kw`hn°pI.

imkv{X cwKtØbv°v IqSpX¬s]¨Ip´nIƒ IS∂p hcWw F∂v-\mw B{Kln°p∂ps≠¶n¬ CXpt]m-ep≈ {]iv\ßsf Kuch]q¿Δw ssIImcyw sNtø≠Xp≠v.

*CXn\v Hcp ]n≥ IYbp≠v. Rm≥As\¿´n¬ NpaXe Gs‰SpØt∏mƒBZyw sNbvX Imcyßfn¬ H∂v ]mc-ºtcyXc Du¿P cwKØv {]h¿Øn-°p∂ C¥ybnse {]apJ imkv{X-⁄-¿s°ms° klmbhpw D]tZ-ihpw A`y¿Yn®p sIm≠p≈ HcpIØv Ab°pIbmbncp∂p. AXnsem-∂v A∂m amWn°pw. ]t£ B IØvFs‚ kn.F. ssS∏p sNbvXp sIm≠p-h∂t∏mƒ "distinguished scientist likeyou" F∂Xv "extinguished scientist likeyou" F∂mbnt∏mbncp∂p! mKyØn\vA≤ym]I≥ F∂ \nebn¬ Rm≥B¿Pn®ncp∂ A£cs؉p Is≠-Øm\p≈ hmk\ Fs∂ c£n®p.A√mbncps∂¶n¬...!

26 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

sP.-Un.

_¿W-en-s\-∏-‰n...

s{]m^-k¿ sP. Un. _¿W-en-s\- (John Desmond Bernal,1901-97) ∏‰n imkv{X-KXnbn¬ {io. Fw.-kn. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚teJ\w ""\ΩpsS imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ s_¿W-ens‚ km∂n-[yw, kzm[o\w''(im-kv{X-K-Xn, Pq¨e°w, hmbn-®p. s_¿W-ens‚ 110˛mw P∑-hm¿jn-I-th-f-bn¬ Cu teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bXpwAXp {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xpw hfsc DNn-X-am-bn. ae-bmfØnseimkv{X-km-ln-Xy-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Ipe-]-XnIfnsem-cm-fmb {io\ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn\pw imkv{X-KXnbv°pw A`n-\-μ-\-߃!

teJ\w hmbn-®-t∏m-ƒ s{]m -k¿ _¿Wen-s\-∏‰n F\n°pNne- A-dn-hp-Iƒ imkv{X-KXn hmb-\-°m-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°-W-sa∂ Dƒt{]-c-W-bpsS e-amWv Cu Ipdn-∏v.

e≠≥ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS Hcp {][m\ LS-I-ambs_¿Ivs_Iv tImf-Pn-emWv (Birkbeck College) tUm. s_¿W¬Zo¿L-Imew s{]m -k-dmbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®-Xv. B tImf-Pn¬ Hcp h¿jw (1976˛77) Hcp hnkn-‰nMv imkv{X-⁄-\mbn{]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ F\n°v mKy-ap-≠m-bn. Rm≥ AhnsS ck-X-{¥-h-Ip-∏n¬ tNcp-∂-Xn\p aptº-Xs∂ s_¿W¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw B A¥-co-£-Øn-emsI s_¿Wm-ens‚ kvac-W-Iƒ Xßn-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. tImf-Pnse sse{_-d-dn-bpsS Hcp hn`m-K-am-bn-Øs∂ s_¿W-ens‚ {KŸ-ßfpw teJ-\-ßfpw {]`m-j-W-ßfpw Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw kq£n-®p-h-®n-cp-∂p. "s_¿Wm-enb'(Bernalia) Fs∂mcp ssk≥t_m¿Upw AhnsS Xq°n-bn- n-cp-∂p.--tj-Ivkv]n-b¿ IrXn-Iƒ kq£n-°p∂ hn`m-K-Øn\v "tjIvkv]n-

b-dm\' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse! B hn`m-K-Øn¬ ]e-t∏mgpwt]mbn s_¿W¬ IrXn-Iƒ ]eXpw hmbn-°m\pw Fs‚ Kth-j-W-߃°n-S-bn¬ em_-d- -dn-bn¬ \n∂pw kuI-cyhpw ka-bhpwIn´p-tºmƒ, H∂v amdn-\n∂v "s_¿Wm-en-b≥' Nn¥m-tem-I-ß-fn¬apgp-Im\pw F\n°v 1976˛77 Ime-L- -Øn¬ km[n-®n-cp-∂p.

alm-\mb imkv{X-⁄≥AXn-{]-K-¤-\mb Hcp imkv{X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂p tPm¨

sUkva≠v s_¿W¬. {InÃ-tem-{Km^n {]nb Kth-j-W-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. BZy-Ime Kth-j-W-߃ {Kmss^‰v, HmSv Ch-sb-∏-‰n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv tImfsÃtdmƒ (cholesterol), hn‰m-an≥ _n˛1,s]]vkn≥ (pepsin), hn‰m-an≥ Un-˛2, Sp_mt°m samsk-bnIvsshdkv (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) apX-em-b-h-bpsS LS-\-sb-∏‰n

{]Xn-I-cWwtUm. kn.-Pn. cma-N-{μ≥\m-b¿

imkv{X-KXn 27

]T\w \S-Øn. ]ns∂-∏ns∂ IqSp-X¬k¶o¿W-ß-fmb t{]m´o≥ X∑m-{X-I-fn-embn XmXv]-cyw. 1934˛¬ sUmtdmØntlmUvPvIn\pw (Dorothy Hodgkin), 1936-˛¬ amIvkv s]dqSvkpw (Max Perutz)Kth-j-W-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fmbn s_¿W-ens‚ injy -kw -L-Øn -se -Øn.Ch¿°p c≠p-t]¿°pw ]nev°m-eØvt\ms_¬ kΩm-\-߃ e`n -®p.1937˛emWv s_¿W¬ e≠≥ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS Iogn-ep≈ s_¿Ivs_IvtImf-Pn-se-Øn-b-Xv.

Un.-F≥.-F.-bpsS "clkyw' I≠p-]n-Sn® {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fn¬ (hm-Svk¨,{InIv, hn¬In≥kv) Hcm-fmb tamdnkvhn¬°n≥kpw (Maurice Wilkins) s_¿-W-ens‚ injy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hn¬°n≥-kn\pw t\m_¬ kΩm\w In´n-b-t√m.

{]Xn-`m-[-\-\mb {KŸ-Im-c≥D÷ze Nn¥-Iƒ\n-d™ hne-s∏´

{KŸ-ß-fmWv s_¿W¬ imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-Øn\p kw`m-h\ sNbvX-Xv. Nne{][m\ {KŸ-߃:

1. The Social Foundation of Science(1939)

2. Science in History (four volumes,1954)

3. The Origin of Life (1967)4. The freedom of necessity (1947)5. The Word, the Flesh and the Devil

(1929)6. The Physical Basis of Life (1951)7. Marx and Science (1952)8. World without War (1958)9. A Prospect of Peace (1960)10. Emergence of Science (1971)Cu {KŸ-ß-fn-se√mw Xs∂ {KŸ-

Im-cs‚ imkv{Xm-h-Kmlw, a\p-jy-kvt\-lw, kam-[m-\-t{]-aw, tkmjy-enÃvNn¥m-K-Xn, kmaq-lnI imkv{X-]m-fin-Xyw, bp‡n-Nn¥ apX-emb "s_¿Wm-en-b≥' Nn¥-\-߃ \ap-°p-Im-Wmw.

[mcmfw "ISp-I- n-'bmb imkv{X-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw (hard science) s_¿W¬ cNn-®n- p-≠v F∂p-a-d-t°-≠. Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃:

1. On the interpretation of X-ray,single crystal, rotation photo-graphs (1926)

2. The relation of microscopic struc-ture to molecular structure (1968)

3. The structure of water and its bio-logical implications (1965)

4. The use of Fourier transforms inprotein crystal analysis (1953)

cmjv{So-b-t_m[wsP.-Un. s_¿W¬ Pohn-X-Imew

apgp-h≥ Hcp tkmjy-enÃv Nn¥m-KXn

]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ alm-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-Wv. 1923˛¬Øs∂ At±lw {_n´ojvIayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bpsS (CommunistParty of Great Britain) AwK-ambntN¿∂p. tkmhn-b‰v djy≥ imkv{X-⁄-\mb _pJm-cn≥ (Nikolai Bukharin),kv]m\njv Nn{X-Im-c-\mb ]n°mtkm(Pablo Picasso), {^©v imkv{X-⁄-\pwt\m_¬tPXm-hp-am-bn-cp∂ tgmfntbmIyqdn (Frederic Joliot-Curie) apX-em-b-h¿s_¿W-ens‚ kam-\-a-\-kvI-cmbkplr-Øp-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

bp≤-Im-e-tk-h\wkam-[m-\-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw

kml-N-cy -߃ s_¿W-ens\{_n´s‚ bp≤-Im-e-kw-cw- -ß-fn¬ mK-`m-°m-°n. \mkn-k-tØmSpw (Nazism)^mkn-k-tØmSpw (Fascism) D≈FXn¿∏pw kzcm -Py -kvt\ -lhpws_¿W-ens\ C°mcyØn¬ kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p.

au≠v _m‰≥{]`phns‚ imkvt{Xm-]-tZ-jvSm-hmbn bp≤-Im-eØv s_¿W¬tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®p. "s{]mPIvSvl_m-°pIv' (Project Habbakuk),t\m¿a≥Un em≥UnMv (Normandy Land-ing) apX-emb bp≤-Ime kml-k-ß-fnepw s_¿W¬ D]-tZ-i-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

s_¿W¬ bp≤-Im-e-b-f-hn¬{_n s‚ imkvt{Xm-]-tZ-jvSm-hm-b-Xns‚]›m-Øew ck-I-c-am-Wv.

N¿®n-ens‚ cmPy-X-{¥-⁄-Xbpw s_¿W-ens‚ {]Xn-_-≤Xbpw

c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Im-eØv{_n´ojv k¿°m-cn\v Hcp imkv{X-⁄s\ D]-tZ-i-I-\mbn th≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ {][m-\-a{¥n hn≥è N¿®n¬AXn-\mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXv sP.-Un._¿W-en-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. s_¿W¬

Iayq-Wn-Ãm-b-Xn-\m¬ BZyw C°m-cy-Øn¬ N¿®-n¬ hnap-J-\m-bn-cp-∂-s{X.]t£ Xs‚ hniz-kvX-cmb A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ c≠p kzX-{¥-kw-L-߃ ]c-kv]cw Adn-bm-sX˛ s_¿W¬ Xs∂-bmWv ]‰nb Bƒ F∂v Bh¿Øn-®p-]-d-™-t∏mƒ HSp-hn¬ N¿®n¬ Ab-™p-sh-∂v, N¿®n-ens‚ Pmam-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂ U¶≥km≥Unkv (DuncanSandys) {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Bƒ HcpNph-∏-\mWv F∂v Adn-bn-®-t∏m-ƒ""Abmƒ sNIp -Øms\-t∏mseNph∏\m-bmepw icn; Abmƒ aXn''F∂v N¿®n¬ ]d-™p-h-t{X. bp≤-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ XnI™ {]Xn-_-≤-X-tbmSpw cmPy-kvt\-l-tØmSpw IqSns_¿W¬ {]h¿Øn®p F∂Xvs_¿W-ens‚ alXzw!

s_¿W-ens‚ hy‡nXzws_¿W-ens\ t\cn-´p-Im-Wmt\m

kwh-Zn-°mt\m F\n°v mKy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw At±-lsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bm-am-bn-cp∂ ]e-cp-ambpw kº¿°w]pe¿Øm\pw kw`m-j-W-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm\pw F\n°v Fs‚ s_¿Ivs_IvtImfPv Ime-L-´-Øn¬ km[n-®p.]ecpw At±-lsØ ‘Sage of Birkbeck’-"s_¿Ivs_-°nse al¿jn' F∂mWv]cm-a¿in-®n-cp-∂-Xv. hnJym-X-im-kv{X-⁄bpw t\m_¬ kΩm-\n-Xbpwssh‰-an≥ _n˛12, C≥kp-en≥ Ch-bpsS LS-\-I-≠p-]n-Sn-®-bm-fp-ambtUmtdmØn slUvPvIn≥ Hcn-°¬]d™p: ""s{]m^-k¿ s_¿W-ens‚tai-∏pdw hrØn-bm°n hrØn-bm-°n-bmWv Rm≥ _tbm-^n-knIvkv ]Tn-®Xv!''

BsI-°qSn B[p-\nI Ime-L- -Ønse Hcp CXn-lmk ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp∂p s{]m -k¿ sP.- Un. s_¿-W¬.

28 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

{]]© cl-ky-߃ tXSp∂ AtXBth-i-tØmsS ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®pwac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pwhn{ipX ssk≤m-¥nI uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄≥ Ão^≥ tlm°nMv Ft∏m-sgms° hmNm-e-\m-bn-´pt≠m At∏m-sgms° temI-{i≤ At±-l-Øn-te°vB\-bn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. ASp-ØnsS(sabv 16) Km¿Un-b≥ Zn\-]{X-Øn-\-\p-h-Zn® A`n-ap-J-Øn-eqsS At±lwho≠pw IYm-]p-cp-j-\mbn amdn. aXw\¬Ip∂ Ab-Ym¿∞ PohnX ho£-W-sØbpw Im¬]-\nI kpJ-kp-jp-]vXn-sb-bp-amWv tlm°nMv hna¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kz¿Khpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-hp-sa√mw Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ]‰nb ckn-I≥ IY-I-fm-sW-∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-{]m-bw. Xe-t®m-dns‚ kv]μ\w Ah-km-\-ambn

anSn-°p∂ B A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-\-∏pdw H∂p-an-s√∂v, aX-߃ ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØp∂ _meni k¶-ev]-ß-sf-sb√mw ]msS \ncm-I-cn-®p-sIm≠vAt±lw ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p.

Xs‚ Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw hb-kn¬ A]q¿h-amb tam´m¿\yqtdm¨ tcmK-Øn-\-Sn-a-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ tlm°nMv ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®pw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {]tbm-P-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsSXs∂ \ne-\n¬]v km[y-X-sb-°p-dn-®p-sa√mw hmNm-e-\m-hp-I-bp--≠m-bn.

tcmK-e-£-W-߃ {]I-Sn-X-ambBZy-L- -Øn¬ Xs∂ ac-W-Øn\pIog -S - tß-≠n -h -c p - am -bn -c p∂tlm°nMv XnI®pw Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb coXn-bn-emWv C∂p temIwapgp-h≥ D‰p-t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p∂ imkv{X-⁄-s\∂ ]Z-hn-bn-te°vhf¿∂-Xv. At∏mgpw Xs‚ mhn-°p-ta¬A\n-›n-X-Xz-Øns‚ Im¿taLw Dcp≠pIq-Sp-∂Xv At±lw ImWm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. tcmK-Øns‚ tijn-∏mbn e`n® sshI-ey-ßfpwNe-\-a‰ ico-chpw h®v Xt‚-Xmb \nc-h[n ]cn-an-Xn-°p-≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v Pohn-XsØ G‰hp-a-[nIw BtLm-jn® hy‡n-bmbn temI-a-t±-lsØ hmgvØpw.

""ac-WsØ Rm≥ `b-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.F∂m¬ acn-°m-s\m´p [ndpXn-bp-an-√.A{]-Xo-£nX arXyp-hns‚ hc-hns\ImØp-sIm-≠mWv Ign™ \m¬]-Øn-sbm-ºXp h¿jw Xm≠n-b-Xv. \nc-h[n Imcy-ß-fn¬ BZy-sØ-bm-fm-bn-Øo-cm≥ C\n-bp-tasd F\n°v sNbvXp Xo¿°m-\p≠v''˛A-t±lw ]d-™p.

A\p-_-‘-L-S-I-߃ {]h¿Ø\w\n¿Øp-∂-tXmsS \ne-®p-t]m-Ip∂ Iºyq-

ho≠pw

Ão^≥ tlm°nMv

imkv{Xwat\mPv Fw kzman

""ac-WsØ Rm≥ `b-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ acn-°m-s\m´p [ndpXn-bp-an-√.A{]-Xo-£nX arXyp-hns‚ hc-hns\ ImØp-sIm-≠mWv Ign™\m¬]-Øn-sbm-ºXp h¿jw Xm≠n-b-Xv. \nc-h[n Imcy-ß-fn¬BZy-sØ-bm-fm-bn-Øo-cm≥ C\n-bp-tasd F\n°v sNbvXp Xo¿°m-\p≠v''

imkv{X-KXn 29

´-dn-t\m-SmWv At±lw Xe-t®m-dns\D]-an-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p ]ns∂-sbmcp]p\¿P-∑tam kz¿K-hm-ktam C√.acWw krjvSn-°p∂ Ccpƒ \nd™iq\y-Xsb AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ a\p-jy-a-\kv cq]w \¬Inb H∂m-¥cw t\c-tºm°p IY-Iƒ am{X-am-W-h-sb-√mw.

2010- ¬ tlm°nMv Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-amb Zn {Km≥Uv Unssk≥ (The GrandDesign) ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb thf-bn-emWvCXn-\p-apºv temIw At±-l-Øns‚hm°p-Iƒ°mbn ImtXm¿Ø-Xv. {]]-©-kr-jvSnsb hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Hcp{kjvSm-hns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bn-s√∂vAXn-e-t±lw Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. \nc-h[naX-h-‡m-°sf AXv sNmSn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

ssZhsØ temI-c-£-I-\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]]© {]Xn- m-k-ß-fn¬ k¿h-i-‡-\mb {kjvSm-hns‚Ic-ß-fpsS km∂n[yw tXSp-∂-Xn-\p-sa√mw tlm°nMv IrXy-amb AXn¿h-c-ºn- p.

1988- ¬ At±lw cNn® s_Ãvsk-√¿ ]pkvX-I-amb ka-b-Øns‚ kw£n-]vX- N-cn{X (A Brief History of Time)ØneqsSbmWv At±lw sF≥ssÃ-≥s‚bpw {]nb-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp∂ ""XnbdnHm^v Fh-cn-XnMn''s\°p-dn®v (Theoryof Everything) P\-km-am\yØn\p-t]mepw a\-kn-em-Ipw-hn[w hni-Zo-I-cn-®-Xv. {]]-©-Ønse k¿h D]At‰m-anI IW-ß-sfbpw Ah XΩn-

ep≈ _em-_-e-ß-sfbpw bp‡n-bp‡w hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂GXm\pw KWn-X- k-a-hmIyk©-b-sØ-bmWv AXp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.CXp km[y-am-bm¬ AXns\ a\p-jy-a-\- ns‚ A¥na hnP-b-ambn ImWm-sa∂pw AXn-eqsS ssZh-Øns‚ a\- n-en-cn-∏ns\ Adn-bm-\m-Ip-sa∂pwAt±-l-a-Xn-eqsS A`n-{]m-b-s∏- p.

Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ GXm≠v 9Zi-e£w tIm∏n-Iƒ hn‰-gn-°-s∏- -tXm-sS-bmWv Cu uXnI imkv{X-⁄≥{]i-kvXn-bpsS sImSn-ap-Sn-bn-te°v ]d-∂p-b¿∂-sX∂v thW-sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmw.

Xtam-Zzm-c-߃°-IØp (Black Hole)\n∂v hnIn-c-W-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb-∂-Xn\v ssk≤m-¥nI hni-Zo-I-cWw

\¬In-b-XmWv At±-l-Øns‚ G‰hpwhenb kw`m-h-\. tlm°nMv \¬InbG‰hpw ]pXnb A`napJØn¬, ac-

W-ti-j-ap≈ Pohn-XsØ ]q¿W-ambn\ntj-[n® At±lw `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥ e`n® Ah-k-csØ aqey-h-

Ømbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWvth≠-sX∂v Blzm\w sNbvXp.Fßs\ Pohn-°-W-sa∂ tNmZy-Øn\vHmtcm {]hrØn-bnepw [m¿an-IX ap‰n-\n¬°Wsa∂pw At±lw D]-tZ-in-®p.{]IrXn {]Xn- mkßtftbm hyXykvX\nco-£-W-߃ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-tftbm efnX ka-hm-Iy-ß-fn-eqsS{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-XmWvimkv{X-Ønse G‰hpw kuμ-cy-ap≈

ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ Pohn-XsØ ]q¿W-ambn\ntj-[n® At±lw `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥ e`n®Ah-k-csØ aqey-h-Ømbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂vBlzm\w sNbvXp.Fßs\ Pohn-°-W-sa∂ tNmZy-Øn\v Hmtcm{]hrØn-bnepw [m¿an-IX ap‰n-\n¬°Wsa∂pwAt±lw D]-tZ-in-®p.

30 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

Imcyw. Poh-im-kv{X-Ønse Un.-F≥.-F.-bpsS U_nƒ slenIvkv LS-\,`uXn-I-im-kv{X-Ønse ASn-ÿm\ka-hm-Iy-߃ F∂n-h-sb√mw DZm-l-c-W-߃ am{Xw. \Ω-sf¥p sIm≠n-hnsS? F∂ tNmZy-Øn\pw At±lwDØcw \¬In. BZna {]]-©-Ønset\cnb Izm≠w kv]μ-\-ß-fmWv]n∂oSv \£{X Kme-Ivkn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\pw Ah-bpsS A{]-Xo-£nX]cn-W-X-bmbn a\p-jy-Po-h≥ DS-se-Sp-°m\pw Imc-W-am-b-X-s{X. hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ CØcw {]]-©-cq-]-߃CΔn[w X\nsb cq]w sIm≈p-sa-∂mWv imkv{Xw {]h-Nn-°p-∂-Xv. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ XnI®pw bmZr-On-I-X-bpsS B\p-Iq-ey-Øn-t∑-emWv \man-hnsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv.

bqtdm-]y≥ kvt]kv GP≥kn-bpsSB[p-\nI _ln-cm-Imi \nco-£-W-Zu-Xy-amb πm¶v anj-\n-eqsS {]]-©-kr-jvSn-bpsS BZy-\n-an-j-ß-fn¬ DS-se-SpØ {]Im-i-In-c-W-Øns‚ hnc-e-S-bmfw e`n-t®-°p-sa∂pw AXn-eqsS\msa-ßs\ Cu A\-¥-{]-]-©-Øn¬\ΩpsS kvYew Is≠-Øn-sb∂k¶o¿Æ-amb tNmZy-߃°v DØcw

e`n-t®-°p-sa∂pw At±lw ip`m]vXnhnizmkw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p.

Xnbdn Hm v Fh-cn-Xn-Mn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ {]bm-W-Øn¬ {]Xym-i-bmbn\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kv{SnMv Xnb-dnsb(String Theory) adn-I-S∂v Fw. Xnb-dn-sb∂ (M-Theory) \h ssk≤m-¥nIhgn-bn-emWv Ct∏mƒ tlm°n-Mns‚{]bmWw. ]Xn-s\m∂v am\-߃ (Di-mension) hsc IS∂p hcp∂ hfschnim-e-amb KWnX N´-°q-Sm-Wn-Xv.CXn¬ \ap°p kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb {Xnam-\-ßfpw ka-b-sa∂ \memw am\-߃°-∏p-d-ap-≈-h-sb√mw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w sNdpXpw sI´p-]n-W-™-h-bp-am-sW-∂mWv Fw -Xn-bdnDZvtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv.

Fw˛-Xn-b-dnsb km[q-I-cn-°p∂sXfn-hn\pw imkv{X-temIw D‰p-t\m-°p-∂Xv P\o-h-bn-ep≈ IW uXnI ]co-£-W-im-e-bmb em¿Pv lmt{Um¨sImssf-U-dn-te-°m-Wv. kq∏¿ kΩn-Xn (Super Symmetry)˛F√m auenIIW-߃°pw mc-ap-≈Xpw Ct∂-hscIs≠-Øn-bn- n-√m-Ø-Xp-amb tPmSn-I-fp-s≠∂ hmZw-˛-F∂ km[y-Xbpw Fw.-Xn-b-dn-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. CXns\

ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv ]nd-°mØIp™p-߃°v t]cv Is≠Ønhbv°p-∂-Xp-t]mse AØcw IW-߃°vske-Ivt{Sm¨ (selectron), kvIzm¿Ivkv(squarks) Fs∂ms° t]cn´p h®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kq∏¿ kaanXn°v sXfnhve`n-®m¬ AXv Fw -Xn-b-dn-bpsS km[q-I-cWw kpK-a-am-°pw. am{X-a√ ka-b-Øns‚ Bcw-`-th-f-bn¬ C∂p ImW-s∏-Sp∂ _e-ß-sf√mw Hcp-an®v Hscm‰_e-ambn \n∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂pw a\-kn-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw. t{]X-I-W-sa∂p hnfn-t∏-cp≈ ln§vkv t_mtkm-Wns‚ (Higgs Boson) sXc-®n-emWvem¿Pv lmt{Um¨ sImssf-U¿ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp `Ko-cY bXv\w.auenI IW-߃s°√mw ]nWvUw{]Zm\w sNøp-∂Xv Ch-bmWv F∂pIcp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]t£ Cß-s\-sbmcpIWsØ AhnsS Is≠-Øm-\n-S-bn-s√-∂mWv tlm°n-Mns‚ A`n-{]m-bw.]pXnb ]co-£W \nco-£-W-߃°-\p-k-cn®v F∂pw \ho-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]mc-º-cy-amWv imkv{X-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. tlm°n-Mns‚ IW-°p-Iq- -ep-IƒC°m-cy-Øn¬ ]ng-bv°ptam F∂pImØn-cp∂p ImWmw.

imkv{X-KXn 31

IpXn-sIm-≈p∂ imkv{Xwkn.-hn. N{μ≥

a\pjy]q¿hnI-cpsS BZna{]bm-W-sØ-°p-dn®v ]pØ≥Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ

Abm-sfmcp {]Xn-`m-im-en-bm-bn-cp-∂p. icn°pw Hcp Po\n-b-kv. ]t£a‰p-≈-h¿ Abmsf aSn-b-s\t∂m Ae-k-s\t∂m Hs°bmhWw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]md-∏p-d-Øn-cp∂v Ae-k-ambnHcp Is√-SpØv as‰mcp I√p-sIm≠vAXv X´n-an-\p-°p-∂Xv ]ecpw ImWm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ aSpØv

B{^n-°-bn¬\n∂v

Xan-gv\m-´n-te°v?

\n¿Øm-\n-S-bp≈ Zo¿L-amb Hcp{]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Ah-km\w AbmƒHcp-]-I-cWw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn. Hc‰w hoXnIqSn-bXpw at‰ A‰w t\¿Øv ap\-bm-b-Xp-amb cq]w. ssIsIm-≠p-]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ Hcp agp. Imcyw \n mcw.]t£ AXv `qan-bnse BZysØap¥nb sSIvt\m-fPn Bbn-cp-∂p.

H∂c Zi-e£w h¿jw-apºv \S-∂n-cn-°m-\n-S-bp≈ Hcp kw`-h-Øns‚km¶-ev]n-Im-h-X-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. tlman-\n-

Up-Iƒ F∂v \mw hnfn-°p∂ BZnaa\p-jy-Ip-e-Ønse Hcp ]q¿hn-I≥Aßs\ sNbvXn- p-≠m-h-Ww.

\ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ I¬ D]-I-c-W-ß-tf-°m-sfms° Gsd anI® CuD]-I-c-W-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿ s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ Xncn-®-dn-™p.Ahcpw Cu D]-I-cWw \n¿an-°p-∂-Xn¬ _≤-{i-≤-cm-bn. {Ia-Øn¬ kaq-lw-Xs∂ Cu D]-I-cWw [mcm-f-ambn\n¿an-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-sb-Øn ]n¬°m-

1863- ¬ {_n´ojv `ua-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb tdm_¿´v{_qkv ^q´v Xncn-®-dn™vkqN-\-Iƒ \¬Inb {]tZ-i-amWv AØncw ]m°w.Ct∏mƒ im¥n ]∏phpwkwLhpw Ahn-sS-\n∂vIs≠-Sp-ØXv 3500- -tesdD]-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-bn¬"Fjq-en-b≥' A√m-Ø-hbpws]Spw. Is≠-Sp-Ø-h-bn¬G‰hpw XmsgXe-Øn¬s]´h kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ah as‰-hn-sS-tbm-\n∂v sIm≠p-h-∂-Xm-sW-∂m-Wv. AØncw ]m°-Øp-h®v Ahbv°v A¥n-a-cq]w\¬In-sb-∂pw.tlman-\n-Up-I-fpsS {]bm-W-Ønse hn`n∂ am¿K-߃GsXm-s°-sb∂v C\nbpw]pXp-Xmbn hc-s®-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p

32 sk]vXw-_¿ 201132

eØv mIvS-dn-I-fn¬ \n¿amWw \S-°pw-t]m-se. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v CØcw D]-I-c-W-߃ \n¿an-°-s∏-´p. B{^n-°-bn¬ Nne {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ CØcw D]-I-c-W-߃ Nhn- msX apt∂m- p-t]m-Im-\m-hn√ F∂v Kth-j-I¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]ecpw CXv \n¿an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv B {]hr-Øn-bn-ep≈ B\-μtam \n¿hr-Xntbm Hs°-s°m-≠m-hWw F∂p-hsc tXm∂n-t∏m-Ipw.

Cu D]-I-c-W-߃°v Kth-j-I¿\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ t]cv ""Fjq-en-b≥D]-I-W-߃'' (Acheulian tools) F∂m-Wv. hS-°≥ {^m≥knse (Acheul)F∂ {]tZ-i-ØmWv CØcw D]-I-c-W-߃ 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ BZy-ambnIs≠-Sp-Ø-Xv. AXp-hsc Kth-j-I¿I≠p-t]m∂ D]-I-c-W-߃ Iptd-°qSnefn-X-ambhbm-bn-cp -∂p. Ahsbs]mXpsh "HmƒtZm-h≥' D]-I-c-W-ß-sf-∂mWv ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. Sm≥km-\n-b-bnse HmƒZp-hmbv sIm√n- (Olduvai

Gorge) bn-em-bn-cp-∂t√m BZna a\p-jys‚ t^mkn-ep-I-fpw Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ D]-I-c-W-ßfpw kar-≤-ambnIs≠-Øn-b-Xv. Dcp-≠, ap\-bn-√m-Ø,Iøn-sem-Xp-ßp∂ Hcp I¬Øp-≠mWoD]-I-c-Ww. hen-b-I-√n¬\n∂v AS¿Øn-sb-Sp-Ø, apdn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂,Hcp sh´p-I-Øn-bm-bn- mWv CXns\ \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-⁄¿ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

ChnsS Hcp {]iv\-ap-≠v. B[p-\nIa\p-jys‚ ]q¿hoI¿, A¥n-a-ambn\mam-bn-Øo¿∂ tlman-\n-Uv, B{^n-°-bn¬\n∂v \oßm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ Fjq-en-b≥ D]-I-c-W-߃Ah¿°v {]nb-s∏- -Xm-bn-cp∂p. t]mbn-S-ß-fn-sems° Ah¿ AXv IqsSsIm≠pt]mbn. Nne-t∏m-sgms° CuD]-I-c-W-߃ D≠m-°m≥ th≠nhenb ]md-°-j-W-ßfpw t]dn Ah¿\S-∂p. Cu \h kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn¬Ah-cpsS A¿∏Ww ]q¿W-am-bn-cp-∂p.AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah¿ t]mb CS-

ß-fn-sem-s°-˛-B-{^n-°, bqtdm-∏v,]›n-ta-jy, a[y- -G-jy- Cu D]-I-c-W-߃ Is≠-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

{]iv\-an-Xm-Wv. hnZqc ]q¿h-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ F¥p-sIm≠v Cu D]-I-c-W-߃ImWm≥ Ign-™n- n-√?

tamhn-bkv tcJ\mev]-Xp-I-fn¬ lm¿hmUnse

]pcm-hkvXp Kth-j-I-\mb lmewtamhn -bkv CXn -s\mcp `q]SwXs∂bp≠m-°n. "tamhn-bkv tcJ'F∂n-X-dn-b-s∏- p. Fjq-en-b≥ D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-≈-Xpw Ah C√m-Ø-Xp-amb`q{]-tZ-i-ßsf th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-XmWvtamhn-bkv tcJ. bqtdm-∏n-s\bpwa[y]q¿h-tZ-i-ß-sfbpw Iodn-ap-dn®v\oßp∂ Cu tcJ C∂sØ I¬°-Ø-bnepw _w•m-tZ-in-ep-sams° FØn\n¬°p-∂p. ssN\-bpw, Z£nW ]q¿hGjy apgp -h -\mbpw Xs∂ CutcJbv°p ]pd -ØmWv. Ahn -sS -sbms° ]gb HmƒtZm-hn-b≥ D]-I-c-W-ß-tf-bp-≈q. tlmtam-km-∏n-b≥kvC∏-d™ tZi-ß-sfms° adn-I-S-∂-h-cm-sW∂p \ap-°-dn-bmw. At∏mƒ hne-∏n-Sn-∏p≈ Cu \h-km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZyAhnsS FØn-°msX ]mXn-h-gn-bn-se-dn-bm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?

B[p-\nI \c-hw-i-imkv{Xw sI´n-∏-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-Xs∂ a\p-jy≥B{^n-°-bn¬\n∂v c≠p Xnc-I-fmbnCdßn hym]n-®p-sh∂ Bi-b-Øn-em-Wv. BZy-tØXv tlmtam Cd-IvS-kv. CXv]n∂oSv Pmhm a\p-jy\pw s]°nMva\p-jy-\p-sam-s°-bmbn HSp-ßn. IqSp-X¬ i‡-amb c≠m-asØ Xnc-bm-bn-cp∂p tlmtamkm∏n-b≥kn-t‚-Xv. CXvZp¿_-e-amb BZysØ Xncsb hngp-ßn-sb∂pXs∂ ]d-bmw. ]t£ IqSp-X¬ B[p-\n-I-amb Hcp kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw ssIh-i-am°n ]pd-s∏´km∏nb≥kv Hc-Xn¿Øn tcJ-bn-seØn AX-hnsS Dt]-£n®papt∂m´p \oßn F∂Xv Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-am-bn-Ø-s∂ \ne-s°m-≠p.

awtKm-bnse ImgvN-IƒAhn-iz-k-\o-b-amb Imcy-߃

thsd-bp-ap-≠v. 1968- ¬ Pnw _uf¿ F∂`ua-im-kv{X-⁄≥ Bkvt{S-en-b-bnse\yq kuØv shbn¬kn-ep≈ awtKmF∂ ÿeØv hc-≠p-W-ßnb HcpXSm-I-Ø- n¬ A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb HcphkvXp I≠p. Nne a\p-jym-ÿn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p AXv. 8000 h¿j-߃°p-apºvBkvt{S-en-b-bn¬ a\p-jyt\ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p-d®p hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ \c-hwi imkv{X-am-bn-cp∂p A∂-tØ-Xv.t]msc-¶n¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Adn-

imkv{X-KXn 3333

hp-h®v awtKm Hcp 12,000 h¿jw apºp-h-sc-sb-¶nepw DW-ßn-h-c≠p InS-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS Fßs\ a\p-jy≥ Pohn°pw?

F∂m¬ Im¿_¨ tU‰nwKvkt¶Xw B Aÿn-Iƒ°v 23,000h¿jsØ ]g-°-amWv Iev]n®p sImSp-Ø-Xv. awtKm A°m-eØv 20 In.-ao.hnkvXm-c-Øn¬ Pehpw a’y-ßfpwkar-≤-amb Hcp XSm-I-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw kqN\ \¬In. Np‰pw Im‰m-Sn-a-c-߃ Nqf-a-Sn-®n-cp∂ Hcp XSm-Iw.F¶nepw C∏-d-™-Im-e-sØm∂pwXs∂ Bkvt{S-enb Hcp Zzo]m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p Icp-Xm≥ \ymb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. a\p-jy≥ AhnsS h≥I-c-bn¬\ns∂-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 100In.-ao. IS¬ Xm≠-Ww. Aßs\ IS-s∂-Øm≥ tbmPn® ÿe-sa∂v k¶-ev]n® hS-°≥ Xoc-Øp-\n∂v awtKm-bnseØm≥ ho≠pw 3000 In.-ao. Xm≠-Ww.

Ah-sc-ßs\ AhnsS FØn-t®¿∂p, F¥n-\m-W-hnsS FØn-bXv,Fs∂m-s°-bp≈ tNmZy-߃°v DØ-c-an-√. an°-hmdpw \c-hw-i-imkv{X ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn-sem∂pw Xs∂ 60,000h¿jw-apºv a\p-jy\v kwkm-cn-°m≥Ign-bp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v sXfn-hn-√.kap{Z ewL\w \SØn hnZq-c-ß-fmbZzo]v h≥I-c-I-fn¬ tImf-\n-hmkw XpS-ßm≥ hn[-ap≈ kap-{Z-bm-\-߃\n¿an-°m≥ X° kl-I-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v tbmPn® kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿbpw ssIh-∂-Xmbn ]d-bm-\m-hn-√.

t^mkn-ep-Iƒ{]iv\w t^mkn-ep -IƒX-s∂.

Zo¿L-Imew t^mkn-ep-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb q{]-tZ-i-߃hfsc Npcp-°-am-Wv. Ing-°≥ B{^n-°-bnse lZm¿, HmƒZp-hmbv F∂oÿe-ß-fn¬ kwc-£n-°-s∏´ t^mkn-ep-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ BZna a\p-jy-s\-°p-dn®v \ap-°p≈ Adnhv ]qPy-Øn-\-Sp-Øm-bn-cp-t∂-s\. a‰p ]e-bn-SØpw t\m°p-tºmƒ CXv ]qPywXs∂. Gjy≥ mK-ß-fn¬ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ t^mkn-ep-Itf Is≠-Øm≥Ign-™n- p-≈q. B{^n-°≥ tZi-ßfpwChn-S-ßfpw _‘n-∏n-°m≥ ]pcm-Pohnimkv{X-⁄¿°v henb _p≤n-ap- p-≠v.

Xan-gv\m-´n-te°v\ne-hn-ep≈ \c-hwi imkv{X-

Øn\v I\Ø BLm-X-ta¬∏n-°p-∂-XmWv kao-]-Im-eØv Xan-gv\m-´n¬Is≠-Ønb "Fjq-en-b≥ D]-I-c-W-߃.' Chbv°v 10 e£w apX¬ ]Xn-\©pe£w hsc ]g°w KWn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. a\pjy ]q¿hn-I¿ AYhmtlman-\n-Up-Iƒ°v C¥y-bn¬ Bdp-e£Øntesd h¿jw ]g°w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-s√-∂-XmWv \ne-hn-ep≈ Kth-j-I -a -Xw. sNss∂-bn¬\n∂v 60 In.-ao‰tdmfw hS°p ]Sn-™m-dp≈ AØncw ]m°w F∂ {]tZ-i-Øm-Wnh Is≠-Sp-Ø-Xv.

\ne-hn-ep≈ KW-\-ß-f-\p-k-cn®vC°m-eØv B{^n-°-bn¬\n∂v bqtdm-∏n¬ tlman-\n-Up-Iƒ FØn-bn-cp-∂p.F∂m¬ G-jy-bn¬, {]tXy-In®v C¥y-bn¬, FØm≥ ho≠pw A©p-e-£-Øn-tesd h¿j-߃ th≠n-h-∂p.

Xan-gv\m- n¬ Is≠SpØ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS ]g°w (]Øpe£w h¿jw)kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv bqtdm-∏n-se-ØnbAtX-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂ Gjy-bnepwtlman-\n-Up-Iƒ FØn-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. 2011 am¿®v 25- \v "kb≥kv'tPW-en¬ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb Kth-jW {]_-‘-Øn¬ C°mcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. Ime-K-W-\bv°v c≠p am¿K-߃ Kth-j-I¿ Ah-ew-_n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.H∂v Cu D]-I-c-W-߃ Is≠-SpØ{]tZ-isØ Ah-in-jvS-߃ KWn-°m≥palaco magnetism F∂ kt¶-Xw. c≠m-aXv Ahn-SsØ Nne hkvXp-°sf ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ aluminium-beryllium isotopetechnique F∂ kt¶-Xw. Ch c≠pwIme-K-W-\bv°v Icp-Øp‰ ]n≥_-e-ta-Ip-∂p.

im¥n ]∏p F∂ Kth-j-I-bpsSt\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ kwLw Ign™]Øp h¿j-tØmfw \S -Ønb]T\ßfpsS ^e-amWv "kb≥kv'hmcn-I-bn¬ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb {]_-‘w. B {]tZ-i-Øns‚ ]ucm-WnIkz`m-hhpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw hni-Z-ambn]Tn-®-ti-j-amWv D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsSIme-K-W-\-bn¬ Ah¿ {i≤n-®-Xp-X-s∂. F¶nepw BZn-a-a-\p-jys‚ {]bm-W-Øns‚ Nn{Xw a\-kn-em-°m≥C\nbpw Ht´sd ]T-\-߃ th≠n-h-cp-sa∂p Xs∂-bmWv Kth-j-I-cpsSA`n-{]m-bw.

1863- ¬ {_n´ojv ua-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb tdm_¿´v {_qkv ^q´v Xncn-®-dn™v kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Inb {]tZ-i-amWv AØncw ]m°w. Ct∏mƒ im¥n]∏phpw kwLhpw Ahn-sS-\n∂vIs≠-Sp-ØXv 3500- -tesd D]-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-bn¬ "Fjq-en-b≥' A√m-Ø-hbpw s]Spw. Is≠-Sp-Ø-h-bn¬G‰hpw XmsgXe-Øn¬s]´h (C-Xn-\¿∞w Ah IqSp-X¬ ]g-°-ta-dnbhF∂m-Wv) kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ah as‰-hn-sS-tbm-\n∂v sIm≠p-h-∂-Xm-sW-∂m-Wv. AØncw ]m°-Øp-h®v Ahbv°vA¥n-a-cq]w \¬In-sb-∂pw.

tlman-\n-Up-I-fpsS {]bm-W-Ønsehn`n∂ am¿K-߃ GsXm-s°-sb∂vC\nbpw ]pXp-Xmbn hc-s®-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

\ne-hn-ep≈ \c-hwi imkv{X-Øn\v I\Ø BLm-X-ta¬∏n-°p-∂-XmWv kao-]-Im-eØv Xan-gv\m- n¬Is≠-Ønb "Fjq-en-b≥ D]-I-c-W-߃.' Chbv°v10 e£w apX¬ ]Xn-\©pe£w hsc ]g°w KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. a\pjy ]q¿hn-I¿ AYhm tlman-\n-Up-Iƒ°v C¥y-bn¬ Bdp-e£Øntesd h¿jw]g°w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-s√-∂-XmWv \ne-hn-ep≈Kth-j-I-a-Xw

34 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

kv{Xo im‡o-I-cWwB¿. Knco-jvIp-am¿

kv{XoI-fpsS kmº-Øn-I-im-‡o-I-cWw e£y-am°n Ah-cpsS kºm-Zy-{Kq∏v cq]o-I-cn-°pI F∂ BibwBtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ apt∂m- p-h-®Xv 1995-˛¬ _oPnw-Kn¬ tN¿∂ h\nXmim‡o-I-cW D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬ temI-_m¶v {]kn-U‚ v sPbnwkv thmƒs^≥k¨(James Wolfenson) Bbn-cp-∂p. AXn-\v ap -ºp-Xs∂ 2006˛¬ t\m_¬kΩm\w t\Sn-b, ssat{Im- n-\m≥knw-Kn-\mbn _w•m-tZiv {Kmao¨ _m¶vÿm]n® apl-ΩZv bp\qkv kv{XoI-fpsS Zmcn{Zy Zqco-I-c-W-Øn\pw kmº-ØnI e`y-X-bv°p-ambn Ahsc kwL-ß-fmbn kwL-Sn-∏n®v \nt£] kam-l-c-Whpw hmbv]m hnX-c-Whpw km[y-

am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. 1997-˛¬ temI-_m¶vssat{Im- n-\m≥kv coXn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xns‚ LS-\m-]-c-amb Imcy-߃ N¿®sNøm-\mbn hmjnw-KvS-Wn¬ kn‰n-{Kq-∏ v , amÿ Im¿Uv, Ata-cn -°≥FIvkv{]kv _m¶v F∂n-h-bpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsS as‰mcp D®-tImSn hnfn®ptN¿°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 2002-˛¬ tN¿∂"C‚¿\m-j-W¬ tIm¨ -d≥kv Hm¨^n\m≥knwKv t^m¿ Uh-e -]vsa‚n'emWv kq£va-Xe kºZvhnX-c-Whpw (ssat{Im n\m≥kv) kq£va-Xe hmbv]bpw (ssat{Im s{IUn-‰v)kmaqly kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv. XpS¿∂v sFIy-cm-jv{S-

kw-L-S\ 2005 "ssat{Im ^n\m≥kvh¿j'ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw CucwKØv hnti-jn®pw Ahn-I-knX hnI-

kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ht´sd apt∂-‰-ap-≠m-

hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y-bn¬ 1996-˛¬

Xs∂, dnk¿hv _m¶v {io. -F-kv.-sI.

Imenb sNb¿am-\m-bp≈ h¿°nwKv

{Kq∏ns‚ \n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw kzbw-k-

lmb kwL-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-

\pw, hmbv] \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ am¿K-

tcJ ]pd-Øn-d-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

hf¿®-bpsS ]S-hp-Iƒkv{XoI-fpsS kzbwklmb kwL-

ßsf Xß-fpsS _nkn-\kv hf¿®-b v°p≈ Hcp am¿K-am -bn -°≠v

ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ßfpwIpSpw-_-{iobpwIgn™ 10- 15 h¿jsØ A\p- hw Gsd KpW-]-chpw H∏w {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-hp-amb A\p- -h-߃ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse IpSpw-_{io amXrI P\-Io-b-X-ehpw HutZym-Kn-I-X-ehpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv hnI-k\ hIp-∏p-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘wZrV-am°n ka{K ]≤-Xn-bmbn hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v, C∂p≈ {]iv\-߃N¿® sNbvXv, BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW _Z¬ hnI-k\ amXrI-bmbnhf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-IbmWv \mw sNtø-≠-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 35

ssat{Im ^n\m≥kv ÿm]-\-߃(Fw.-F-^v.-sF) BZyw apX¬ Xs∂CXn¬ XXv]-c-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ch¿°v 50_ney¨ tUmf-dn-e-[nIw BkvXnC∂p -≠v . BtKmf kmº-ØnIamμyhpw Chsc hep-Xm-sbm∂pw_m[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. Cu taJ-e-bn¬hmbv] \¬In hf-cp∂ ÿm]-\-߃C¥y-bn¬ aqhm-bn-c-tØmfw hcpw.

BKÃv 2010-˛se IW-°-\p-k-cn®vCh¿ 20,000 tImSnbne-[nIw cq] 28Zi-e£w hmbv]-°m¿°mbn \¬In-bn-

´p-≠v. Ch-cpsS aqe-[-\-Øn¬\n-∂p≈hcp-am\w 2008-˛¬ 5.1 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂Xv 2009-˛¬ 18.3% Bbn h¿[n-®p. 30

apX¬ 60 iX-am\w hsc-bmWv Ch¿]eni CuSm -°n -bn -cp -∂-Xv . 200_ney¨ bp.-F-kv. tUmf-dn\p kam-

\-amb XpI Cu ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ 2010-˛¬ Xs∂ CIzn‰n-bmbn hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬\n∂v FØn-®n-´p-s≠-∂mWvIW-°v. kn¶-∏q-cnse Soweokv, temI-_m-¶v, Ah-cp-sS-Xs∂ ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-amb C‚¿\m-j-W¬^n\m≥jy¬ tIm¿∏-td-j≥ hnI-kn-X- cmPyßfnse a‰pNne ÿm]-\-߃Ch-sbms° Fw.-F-^v.-sF. hgn apX-en-d°n em`w sImøp-∂p.

Fkv.-sI.-Fkpw kv{XoI-fpsSBfl-l-Xybpw

ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ C¥y-bnse Fkv. -sI. -F-kv.^n\m≥kns‚ hf¿® A¤p-Xm-h-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]ecpw BZyw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xv Kh-◊‚n-Xc k∂-≤-kw-L-S-

\bm-bmWv. (F≥.-Pn.-H.) C¥y-bn¬hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Hcp-`mKw F≥.-Pn.-H.-Isf G¬∏n-°pI k¿°m¿ \b-hp-am-Wv. \√ k∂≤ {]h¿Ø\w \S-Øp∂Nne F≥.-Pn.H.Isf hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√.F∂m¬ ]ecpw tkh-\-Øns‚ apJm-h-c-W-a-Wn™, ]t£ em`w am{Xwe£y-am -°p∂ ÿm]-\-am -bmWvChsb sIm≠p \S-°p-∂-Xv. kzbwIrjn kwLw (F-kv.-sI.-F-kv.) F∂t]cn-ep≈ F≥.-Pn.-H.-B-bmWv Cuÿm]-\-Øns‚ XpS-°w. XpS¿∂v Npcp-ßn-b-Imew sIm≠v hf¿∂v t\m¨_m¶nwKv [\-Imcy ÿm]-\-ambn docPn-ÿ sNbvXp. HSp-hn¬ AsXmcpss{]h‰v enan-‰Uv Iºn-\n-bmbn amdn.k¿°m-cpw , skIyq -cn‰n B‚ vFIvkvtN©v t_m¿Uv Hm v C¥ybpw(sk-_n) am¿°-‰n¬\n∂p aqe-[\w kz-cq-]n-°m≥ sjb-dn-d-°m\pw A\p-h-Zn-®p. henb Unam‚m-bn-cp∂p Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-sj-b-dn\v Ign™ h¿jw. HSp-hn¬ B{‘m-{]-tZ-in¬ 57 t]¿ Bfl-lXy sNbvX hm¿Ø h∂-tXm-sS-bmWv Cu ÿm]\w IqSp-X¬ {i≤m-tI-{μ-am-b-Xv. Ch-cn¬ 30 t]¿ kv{XoI-fm-bn-cp-∂p. 17 t]¿ Fkv.-sI.-F-kn¬\n∂p hmbv]-sb-Sp-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.kzbwklmb kwL-߃°v ]eÿm]-\-ßfpw hmbv] sImSp-°m≥a’-cn-°p-Ibpw ]e kv{XoIfpw In´m-hp-∂n-S-sØms° hmbv]sbSp-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. Xncn®Sbv°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ ÿm]-\-߃ Kp≠-I-sfbpw a‰pw hn´p- hn-c- m≥ XpS-ßn. IS-s°-Wn-bn¬s]´v ]ecpw Bfl-lXy

ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kvÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ C¥y-bnse Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.^n\m≥kns‚ hf¿®A¤p-Xm-h-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.]ecpw BZyw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xv Kh-◊‚n-Xck∂-≤-kw-L-S-\bm-bmWv.C¥y-bn¬ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Hcp- mKw F≥.-Pn.-H.-Isf G¬∏n-°pIk¿°m¿ \b-hp-am-Wv.\√ k∂≤ {]h¿Ø\w\S-Øp∂ Nne F≥.-Pn.H.Isf hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]ecpwtkh-\-Øns‚ apJm-h-c-W-a-Wn™, ]t£ em`wam{Xw e£y-am-°p∂ÿm]-\-am-bmWv ChsbsIm≠p \S-°p-∂-Xv.

36 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

sNbvX-tXmsS Cu ÿm]-\-ß-fpsSNqj-W-Øn\p aq°p-I-b-dn-Sm≥ B{‘-{]-tZiv Kh-s◊‚ v Hcp Hm¿Un-\≥kvsIm≠p-h-∂p. AXn\v kwÿm\k¿°m-cn\v A[n-Im-c-an-s√∂v BZywtI{μ [\-Im-cy-h-Ip∏v A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ]d-™p. dnk¿hv _m¶v Hcp D]-k-an-Xnsb \nb-an-°p-Ibpw, ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ]c-am-h[n]eni \nc-°n\pw Xncn-®-S-hn\pw Nne\nb-{¥-W-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwsNbvXp. Db¿∂p s]mßn-s°m-≠n-cp∂Fkv. -sI. -F-kns‚ sjb¿hnebnSn™p. Ah-cpsS em`w Ipd-™p. hnc´n ]ncn-°¬ ]mSn-s√∂pwhmbv]-Iƒ do sjUyqƒ sNbvXv Imem-h[n \o´n \¬In Xncn-®-Shv kpK-a-am-°-W-sa∂pw \n¿t±iw h∂p. Hcp {Kq∏v/AwKw ]e hmbv]-Iƒ FSp-°p-∂-Xn\vNne \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS HØmihmkvX-h-Øn¬ Cu ÿm]-\-ßsf

Ib-dqcn hnSp-∂-Xn\v F√m HØm-ibpwsNbvXp sImSp-ØXv amdn-amdn h∂B{‘m k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kzbwklmb kwL-߃°vhmbv] \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v tIc-f-sam-gn-®p≈ aq∂p sXt° C≥Uy≥kwÿm-\-ßfpw Gsd B{i-bn-°p-∂Xv ssat{Im- n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ß-

e£Øne-[nIw \nt£]_-‘nXkzbw-k-lmb kwL-ßfpw 42.24 e£-Øn-e-[nIw hmbv]m-_-‘nX kwL-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Aßs\ 8.6 tImSn ]mh-s∏- -h¿ Cu ]≤-Xn-bn≥ Iogn¬ h∂n-´p-≠v. Cu kwL-ß-fpsS \nt£]w5545.62 tImSn-bpw, hmbv]m \o°n-bn-cn∏v22679.85 tImSn cq]-bp-am-Wv.

tIcfw˛IpSpw-_{io tamU¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ BZyw Be-∏p-g, ae-

∏pdw Pn√-I-fn-emWv Nne k∂≤kwL-S-\-Iƒ kzbw-k-lmb kwL-߃ cq]o-I-cn®v _m¶p-I-fn-eqsSssat{Im ^n\m≥kv e`y-am-°n-b-Xv.AXv kv{Xoim-‡o-I-c-W-Øn\p Ipsd-sbms° D]-bp-‡-am-bn. kwÿm\πm\nwKv t_m¿Uv A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-I-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ {Kma-k-`bv°p Xmsg Ab¬°q-´-߃ F∂Bibw apt∂m-´p-h-®-p. ]cn-j-Øp-Xs∂ "kaX' Ab¬°q-´-߃ cq]o-I-cn®v _m¶p-I-fn¬ _‘-s∏-SpØnkºm-Zy- -B- y-¥c hmbv]m-Xp-I-I-fpsS3˛4 Cc´n ent¶Pp hmbv] e`y-am°n,Cu {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `mK-am-bn.F∂m¬ temI-_m¶v Zmcn{Zy \n¿am¿P-\-Øn-\mbn Is≠-Ønb ssat{Im- n-\m≥kv tamUepw, k∂≤ kwL-S-\m--Fw.-F- v.-sF. coXn-bp-a√ ChnsS \S-

∏m-°n-b-Xv. IpSpw-_{io anjs‚ cq]o-I-cWw kzbw klm-b-kw-L-ßsfÿm]-\-h-XvI-cn-®p. ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsSta¬t\m´-Øn-ep≈ kn.-Un.-F-kv.kwhn-[m-\w, Pn√m-an-j≥, kn.-Un.-F-kv.¢Ã¿, A°u-≠‚p-am-cpsS \nb-a-\w,]©m-b-Øv-˛-Pn-√m-Xe tamWn-‰-dnw-Kv,Ipd™ ]en-i°p hmbv] e`y-am-°m-\p≈ _m¶p-I-fp-am-bp≈ Fw.-H.-bp,kwL-ß-fnse AwK-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ kzbw sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-߃,AXn-\m-bp≈ kwcw` hmbv]-Iƒ,eoUv _m¶ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ 3 amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ tNcp∂ tªm°ve-h¬_mt¶gvkv IΩn-‰n-I-fn¬ kn.-Un.-F-kv.-`m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ°v _m¶p-I-fp-am-bp≈{]iv\-߃ N¿®-sNbvXp ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-cw, \nc-¥c ]cn-io-e\w,kmº-ØnI A®-S°w ]men-°m-\p≈\n¿t±-i-ßfpw ]cn-{i-a-ßfpw Ch-sbms° \ΩpsS kzbw-k-lmb kwL-ßsf i‡-am-°n. ssat{Im- n-\m≥kvÿm]-\-߃°p-]-Icw hmWn-Py- -k-l-I-c-W-_m-¶p-I-fmWv kwL-߃°phmbv] \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Xncn-®-Shv 95 iX-am-\-tØm-f-am-Wv. _m¶p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS{]apJ hmbv]m ÿm\-ambn kwL-ßsf ImWp-∂p. _m¶p-IƒIqSn ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ t{KUnwKv kwhn-[m-\hpw Xncn-®-S-hn-\p≈ {Kq∏v kΩ¿±-hp-sa√mw

sf-bpw, F≥.-Pn.-H.-I-sf-bp-am-Wv. 1999- ¬N{μ-_m_p \mbn-Up, sXep-¶p-tZiw]m¿´n-°-\p-Iq-e-amb hnIm-c-ap-≠m-°n-b-Xpw, cmP-ti-J-c-sdÕn A[n-Imcw ]nSn-®Xpw, \ne-\n-dp-Øn-bXpw h\nXmkwL-߃°pw AwK߃°pw ChscD]-tbm-Kn®v btYjvSw hmbv] e`y-am-°n-s°m-≠m-sW∂v Nne ]T-\-߃hy‡-am-°p-∂p. 10000 tImSn-bn-e-[nIwcq] \mepiX-am\w ]en-i-bp≈ Un.-B¿.-sF.-hm-bv]-bmbn \¬Im≥ _m¶p-I-fn¬ kΩ¿±-ap-≠m-°n-bXv cmP-ti-JcsdÕn-bm-Wv. Aßs\ Nne \√ Imcy-ßfpw CXn-\n-S-bn¬ D≠m-bn- p-≠v.

Nne IW-°p-Iƒ\_m¿Uns‚ ssat{Im - n-\m≥kv

dnt∏m¿´v 2009 A\p-k-cn®v Ah¿ 581ssat{Im ^n\m≥kv ÿm]-\ -߃°mbn 3732 tImSn cq] 2008- 09- ¬am{Xw hmbv] \¬In-bn- p-≠v. 1915 Fw.-F-^v.-sF.-Iƒ°mbn am¿®v 2009 hsc5009 tImSn cq]-bmWv \_m¿Uv\¬Inb hmbv]. ]mh-s∏- -h¿°v {Kma-˛-\-Kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hmbv] \¬Im-\m-Wn-Xv. _m¶p-Iƒ°pw \_m¿Uv]p\¿ hmbv] \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ssat{Im ^n\m≥kv ÿm]-\-߃AXv henb ]en-i-°mWv \¬In-bn-cp-∂-sX∂p ImWmw. "kzbw klm-b-kw-L-˛-_m¶v _‘nX ]cn-]m-Sn-'b-\p-k-cn®v 2009 hsc C¥y-bn¬ 61.21

\_m¿Uns‚ ssat{Im -^n-\m≥kv dnt∏m¿´v2009 A\p-k-cn®v Ah¿581 ssat{Im ^n\m≥kvÿm]-\-߃°mbn3732 tImSn cq] 2008- 09-˛¬ am{Xw hmbv]\¬In-bn- p-≠v. 1915Fw.-F-^v.-sF.-Iƒ°mbnam¿®v 2009 hsc 5009tImSn cq]-bmWv\_m¿Uv \¬Inbhmbv]

imkv{X-KXn 37

ChnsS km¿∞-I-am-bn- p-≠v.

k¿°m¿ klmbwk¿°m¿ Ign™ 5 h¿j-ambn

\¬Inb ssIØm-ßmWv Gsd {it≤-bw. a‰p kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ImWm-\m-hmØ coXn-bn¬ ent¶Pv˛kwcw`hmbv]-Iƒ°v k_vkn-Un-bpw, am¿Pn≥aWn {Km‚pw e`y-am°n kv{Xoim-‡o-I -c -W-Øn\v k¿°m¿ _UvP‰ vhnlnXw \o°n-h-®p. {XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ ]eXpw kwL-߃°vk_vknUn e`y-am-°n. ]e ]cm-[o-\-X-Ifpw Nq≠n-°m- m-sa-¶nepw ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Nqj-W-Øn\p hn´p-sIm-Sp-°msX tIc-f-Ønse"kzbwklmb kwL-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈kv{Xoim-‡o-I-c-W- -Zm-cn-{Zy-\n¿am¿P\]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ' _m¶p-I-fpsS kl-I-c-W-tØmsS km¿∞-I-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥Ign-™Xv a‰p kwÿm-\-߃°pwamXr-I-bmth≠-Xm-Wv. hoSp \n¿an-°m-\mbn kwLmw-K-߃ FSpØ "`h-\{io' hmbv]-Iƒ BsI IpSpw -_{ioanj-s\-s°m≠v Gs‰-Sp-∏n®vCuSp-h® {]amWw Xncn®p \¬In-s°m-≠mWv Ign™ k¿°m¿ kv{Xoim-‡o-I-c-W-Øn¬ C—m-i‡n {]I-S-am-°n-bXv.

Ah¿ Chn-sSbpw h(-f)-cp∂p?Cß-s\-sbms° IpSpw -_{io

{]h¿Ø\w apt∂m-´p- t]m-Ip-tºmgpwk∂-≤- kw-L-S-\-Ifpw ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ßfpw ChnsS kPo-h-ambn hcp∂p F∂ hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. ]t£ a‰p kwÿm-\-ß-sf-t∏mse hym]-I-am-Im≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. AXn-\p≈ {ia-߃ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. PmXn-a-Xm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ kwL-cq-]o-I-cWw, AØcw kwL-S-\-I-fpsSk z b w - k - l m b k w L h n ` m K{]h¿Ø\w, P\{io AS-°-ap≈ a‰pk∂-≤-kw-L-S-\-I-fpsS kwÿm-\-Xekv{Xoim-‡o-I-cW ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, A\y-kw-ÿm-\-ß-fnepw tIc-f-Øn-ep-ap≈ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]\ßfpsSNph-Sp-d-∏n-°m\pw, hmbv] hym]n-∏n-°m-\p-ap≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ch-sbms° IqSp-X¬ i‡n-s∏´p hcn -I -bm -Wv .\_m¿Uns‚ "tPmbn‚ v eb-_n-en‰n{Kq∏v' kwhn-[m-\-Øn≥ Iogn¬ sNdp-kw-L-ßfpw hym]-I-ambn cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏´p hcp-∂p. kmº-ØnI DƒtN¿-°¬ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS mK-ambn "]qPyw'_me≥kv A°u≠p XpS-ßm\pw,sNdp-hmbv] e`y-am-°m-\p-ap≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ _m¶p-Iƒ \S-∏m-°n-h-cp-∂p-≠v.ssat{Im-^n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-߃°vI¿i\ \nb-{¥-W-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øm≥ k¿°m¿ apt∂m´p htc-≠-Xp-

≠v. H∏w IpSpw-_-{io°p sh´n-°p-d®_UvP‰v hnlnXw Xncn-®p-\¬I-Ww.tIc-f-Ønse IpSpw-_{io amXrI CX-c -kw-ÿm\ßfn-te°p ]I¿Øp-I-bmWv Ahn-SsØ Fw.-F-^v.sF IS-∂p-I-b-‰hpw, Bfl-l-Xybpw Ipd-bv°m≥ sNtø-≠-Xv. A√msX AhnsSAgn-™m-Sn-b-h¿°v ChnsS btYjvSwhnl-cn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-e-√.

\√ hmbv]-°m¿C∂v kzbw klmb-kw-L-߃°p

hmbv] \¬In em -ap-≠m-°m≥ _m¶n-Xc [\-Imcy ÿm]-\-߃ a’-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. B{‘m-{]-tZ-in-tebpw a‰pwZpc¥w \mw I≠p Ign-™p. kmº-ØnI amμy-Øns‚ XpS¿®bmbn hoSn-\p≈ hmbv]bpw Ipd™ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]©m-bØp ap\n-kn-∏¬ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse _m¶p-Iƒ ]eXpw ap≥K-W\m hmbv]m e£yw XnI-bv°p∂XvIpSpw-_-{io°pw, a‰p kzbw- k-lmbkwL-߃°pw hmbv] \¬In-s°m-≠m-Wv. "In´m-°S `ojWn'Ipd™ hmbv]-bmWv kzbw -k-lmbkwL hmbv]-Iƒ. k∂≤kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v _m¶p-Iƒ t\cn´pwhmbv] \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Ah¿ D≈XpwC√m-Ø-Xp-amb kwL-߃°p ]p\¿hmbv] \¬Ip-I-bpw, em`-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. emt`— IqSmsX{]h¿Øn-°p∂ aX-kw-L-S-\-IfpwD≠v.

_lpkwLmw-KXzwHcp kwL-Ønte AwK-am-Imhq

F∂pw AXp-h-gntb hmbv] FSp-°mhqF∂p-ap-s≠-¶nepw ]te-SØpw AXp]men-°p-∂n-√. _m¶p-Iƒ°v Ch ]cn-

a‰p kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ImWm-\m-hmØ coXn-bn¬ ent¶Pv˛kwcw`hmbv]-Iƒ°v k_vkn-Un-bpw, am¿Pn≥ aWn{Km‚pw e`y-am°nkv{Xoim-‡o-I-c-W-Øn\vk¿°m¿ _UvP‰vhnlnXw \o°n-h-®p.{XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ ]eXpw kwL-߃°v k_vknUn e`y-am-°n. ]e ]cm-[o-\-X-Ifpw Nq≠n-°m- m-sa-¶nepw ssat{Im- n-\m≥kv ÿm]-\-ß-fpsSNqj-W-Øn\p hn´p-sIm-Sp-°msX tIc-f-Ønse"kzbwklmb kwL-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ kv{Xoim-‡o-I-c-W-˛-Zm-cn-{Zy-\n¿am¿P\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ'_m¶p-I-fpsS kl-I-c-W-tØmsS km¿∞-I-ambn\S-∏m-°m≥ Ign-™Xva‰p kwÿm-\-߃°pwamXr-I-bmth≠-Xm-Wv.

38 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

tim-[n-°m\pw Ign-bn-√. ssat{Im-tk‰vimJ-Iƒ ]e _m¶p-Ifpw XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. Ah¿ GXp {]tZ-iØpw hmbv]\¬Ipw. XZv -e-ambn _lp-hmbv]m{]iv\w D≠m-Im-\p≈ km[y-X-bp-≠v.IpSpw-_{io AwK-Xzhpw, _m¶p ]mkp-_p°pw ImWn-®m¬ hmbv] \¬Ip∂Nne k∂-≤-kw-L-S-\-I-fp-≠v. Hcmsf]e kwL-ß-fn¬ AwK-am-°p-∂Xv apf-bnte \p≈n-bn-s√-¶n¬ A]-I-S-am-Wv.B{‘-bn¬ kw`-hn -®Xv ChnsSBh¿Øn-°-s∏-Smw. ap≥ k¿°m¿CXp \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\p Nne \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Btem-Nn-®n-cp-∂p. AXv Iq´mbnN¿® sNbvXp \S-∏m°n "Hcmƒ°v HcpkwLw-˛-AXv IpSpw-_{io', AXn¬Xev]-c-c-√m-Ø-h¿°p a‰p kwLwtXSmw F∂m-IWw. {XnXe ]©m-bØpsXc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p-tijw cW kanXnamdn-b-t∏mƒ P\{io t]mep≈hbnseAwK-ßsf "IpSw-_{io'bm°p∂ {]{In-bbpw \S-°p-∂p-≠v. ImcWw AhnsSk_vkn-Unbpw ]en-i-°p-d-hp-an-√,ChnsS AXp-≠p-Xm-\pw.

hIp-∏p-Iƒ t\m°n\n¬°p-∂p?

as‰mcp {][m-\-{]iv\w "IpSw-_{io'{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-Xm-Wv. "ka{K' hmg-Irjn ]©m-b-Øn¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ imkv{Xob D]-tZi \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬tI≠ IrjnHm^o-k¿°v bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√.hnfn-°m-Ø-XmtWm ]pdw-Xn-cn™p\n¬°p-∂-XmtWm F∂-dn-bn-√. F¥m-

bmepw hnf h¿[-\-bp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒIrjn-h-Ip-∏ns‚ Ãm‰n-Ãn-Ivkn¬ AXpt\´-am-sbÆpw F∂-Xn¬ X¿°-an-√.arK kwc-£W Ub-dn-˛-an¬am hIp-∏p-I-fpsS Imcyw AXnepw ck-I-c-am-Wv. a{¥n H∂m-bmepw aq∂m-bmepwChsc Hcp-an-®n-cpØn tIc-f-Ønse"[hf hnπhw' km[nX {]mb-am-°m-sa∂v Bcpw Nn¥n-t°≠. "£oc{io']≤Xn e-{]-Z-am-ImsX t]mbXpw Cuhn`m-Ko-b-X-sIm-≠p-X-s∂. sXmgn-ep-d∏p]≤-Xn-bp-ambn kl-I-cn-°p∂ {][m\hn`mKw "IpSpw-_{io'bmWv. ]e hIp-∏p-I-sfbpw CXp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°m-\mhpw. AXn-\p≈ km[yX Bcm-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

hmbv]-Iƒ ]e-Xcw]e-Xcw temWp-I-fmWv kzbw

klm-b-kw-L-߃°p \¬Ip-∂-Xv.{Kq∏ v cq]o -I -cn®tijw _m¶vA°u≠v XpS-ßp-I, Bdp-amkw Ign-bp-tºmƒ t{KUnwKv \S-Øp-I, ent¶Pvhmbv] FSp-°p-I, {Kq∏nse AwK-ßtfm, GXm\pw {Kq∏nIfnse AwK-ßtfm (4 apX¬ 10 hsc) tN¿∂v Iq´p-_m-[yXm kwL-߃ (tPm-bn‚ v eb-_n-en‰n {Kq∏v) XpSßn sXmgn¬kwcw`w Xocp-am-\n®v AXn\v {]tXyIhmbv]-sb-SpØv kwcw- -am-cw- n®v hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-Øp-I, hy‡n-Iƒ°vBh-iy-sa-¶n¬ kwcw-`-߃°mbnhmbv] FSp-°p-I Ch-sbm-s°-bmWvCt∏mƒ sNøp-∂-Xv. CXp IqSp-X¬^e-{]Zhpw hcp-am\ h¿[-\-hn-\p-X-Ip-∂-Xp-am-I-Ww.

Hcmsf ]e kwL-ß-fn¬AwK-am-°p-∂Xv apf-bnte \p≈n-bn-s√-¶n¬A]-I-S-am-Wv. B{‘-bn¬ kw -hn-®Xv ChnsSBh¿Øn-°-s∏-Smw. ap≥k¿°m¿ CXp \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\p Nne \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Btem-Nn-®n-cp-∂p.AXv Iq´mbn N¿®sNbvXp \S-∏m°n"Hcmƒ°v Hcp kwLw- -AXv IpSpw-_{io',AXn¬ Xev]-c-c-√m-Ø-h¿°p a‰p kwLwtXSmw F∂m-IWw.{XnXe ]©m-bØp sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p-tijw `cWkanXn amdn-b-t∏mƒP\{io t]mep≈hbnseAwK-ßsf "IpSw-_{io'bm°p∂ {]{In-bbpw \S-°p-∂p-≠v.ImcWw AhnsSk_vkn-Unbpw ]en-i-°p-d-hp-an-√, ChnsSAXp-≠p-Xm-\pw.

imkv{X-KXn 39

Fw.-H.-bp.-hns‚ {]iv\-߃ _m¶p-Iƒ hgn ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-∏m-

°p-∂-Xn\v Ffp-∏-am¿Kw B ]≤Xnkwÿm-\-Xe _mt¶gvkv kan-Xn-bn¬Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv.Aß-s\-bm-bm¬ Pn√m-Xe eoUv_m¶p-Iƒ hgn hnhn[ _m¶p-Iƒ°p\n¿t±iw \¬In \S-∏m-°m-\m-hpw.

F∂m¬ IpSpw -_- {io -an -j≥Hmtcmtcm _m¶p-I-fp-ambn Fw.-H.-bp.H∏n´v \S-∏m-°m-\mWp {ian-°p-∂-Xv.]e _m¶n\pw kwÿm-\-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ tI{μ Hm^o-kp-I-fp-sS-bpw,Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Un-t‚bpw AwKo-Imcw e`y-am°n Fw.-H.bp H∏n-Sm≥ ]eXS- -ß-fp-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. dnk¿hv _m¶v]en-i-\n-c°p Iq´p-tºmgpw Ipd-bv°p-tºmgpw D≠m-Ip∂ {]iv\-ß-fp-≠v.AXp-aqew Nne _m¶p-Iƒ AØcw]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂p. Nne¿°pIgn-bp-∂n-√. {Kq∏v A°u-≠p-Iƒ ]e_m¶n-em-Wv.

Nne _m¶p-Iƒ am{Xw \S-∏m-°p-∂Xv kwL-߃°v {]iv\-am-Ip-∂p.am{X-a-√, amk-߃°p-tijw Nm¿Pp-sN-øp∂ ]eni ap≥Iq´n Hcp XpI-bmbn imJbv°p \¬Ip-∂Xv mhn-bn¬HmUn-‰nw-Kn-epw a‰pw {]iv\-ap-≠m-°pw.A\p-h-Zn® XpI apgp-h≥ FSp-°mØkwL-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. CsXms° ]cn-K-Wn®v _m¶v hmbv]m ]≤-Xn-I-fp-ambn_‘-ap≈ DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS "_m¶-_nƒ' Bb ]≤-Xn-I-fm-hn-jvI-cn-°m≥ IpSpw-_{io {i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠v.

taf-I-fpsS km[yXt{KUnwKv, ent¶-Pv, sP.-F¬.-Pn.

hmbv] Ch bYm-k-abw \S∏m-°m≥Pn√m-an-j-\pw, eoUv_m-¶pw, _m¶p-IfpwXΩn-ep≈ kl-I-cWw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. tªm°v eh¬ _mt¶gvkv kan-Xn-tbm-Kw, Pn√m-Xe _m¶nwKv Ah-tem-I\ kan-Xn-tbmKw Ch-sbms° {]iv\-߃ Nq≠n-°m- m\pw ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ thZn-bm-°Ww. CS-bv°nsSt{KUnwKv amkm-N-c-Ww, ent¶-Pv- -sP.-F¬.-Pn. hmbv]m-ta-f, dn°-hdn taf Ch-sbms° kwL-Sn-∏n-®m¬ Xma-k-sam-gn-hm°n thK-Øn¬ hmbv] e`y-am-°m\pwXncn-®-Shp kpK-a-am-°m\pamIpw.

kzbw klmb kwL-ß-fn-eqsSZmcn-{Zy-\n¿am¿P\w F∂Xv temI-_m¶v]≤-Xn-bm-sW∂pw AXp X≈n-°-f-b-W-sa∂pw hmZn-°p-∂-h-cp≠v. F∂m¬Zmcn{Zyw Ipd-bv°¬ KpW-t`m-‡m-hn-s\bpw k∂≤kw-L-S\I-sfbpw [\-Imcy ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw G¬∏n®vk¿°m¿ ]nt∂m´p hen-bp∂ \b-ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Ign™ 10-˛15h¿jsØ A\p-`hw Gsd KpW-]-chpw H∏w {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-hp-amb A\p-`-h-߃ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-ØnseIpSpw-_{io amXrI P\-Io-b-X-ehpwHutZym-Kn-I-X-ehpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv hnI-k\ hIp-∏p-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w ZrV-am°n ka{K ]≤-Xn-bmbn hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v, C∂p≈ {]iv\-߃ N¿®sNbvXv, BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW _Z¬ hnI-k\ amXrI-bmbn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-IbmWv \mw sNtø-≠-Xv.

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy200 cq]

hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃°v

amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿

bpdo°]cn-jZv h≥, Nme-∏pdw

tImgn-t°mSv - 673002t^m¨: 0495 2701919

Ip™p-a-\- p-Iƒs°mcpNßm-Xn...

bpdo°ssZzhm-cnI

40 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

Cu kwhm-Z-Øns‚ BZy- m-KØvapt∂m- p-h® hnhn[ Bi-b-ß-tfm-Sp≈Nne {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fpw, Ah-bv°p≈adp-]-Sn-bp-amWv Cu mK-Øn¬ D≈-Xv.kwhmZw \ap°p XpS-tc-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\mbn IqSp-X¬ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

1. ""Iºyq- ¿ h∂m¬ F√mw icn-bmIpw'' F∂ Iºyq- ¿ auen-I-hm-Z-amWvCXv F∂m-bn-cp∂p Hcp {]Xn-I-c-Ww.teJ-I≥ h¿K-k-a-c-Øns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ Ah-K-Wn-°p∂p F∂pw Nne¿Iq´n-t®¿Øp.

Xo¿®-bmbpw Kpcp--X-c-amb HcpBtcm-]-W-am-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ hkvXp-X-Iƒ Cu Btcm-]-WsØ icn-h-bv°p-∂n-√. Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ hgn CXvhy‡-am-°mw.

ASp-Ø-Im-ew-hsc tIc-f-Ønse[\-h-Ip∏v t\cn- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ HcpapJy-{]-iv\-am-bn-cp∂p Hmh¿{Um v‰pw[\-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpw. BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W,DZm-c-h-XvI-c-W-\-b-߃ ASn-t®¬∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ G‰hpw {][m\DtØm-e-I-ambn [\-{]-Xn-k‘n D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏- p. t£a-\n-[n-bpw, s]≥j\pw

]pXnb ]≤-Xn-Ifpw Hs°-bmbn hmcn-t°mcn ]Ww sNe-hm-°p∂ [\-a{¥ntUm. tXmakv sFk-°ns‚ {SjdnFt∏mƒ ]q´pw F∂p IÆn-se-Æ-sbm-gn®v t\m°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]ehna¿i-I-cpw. F∂m¬ {Sjdn ]q´n-bn-√. ]Icw Ct∏mƒ tIƒ°p-∂Xv ""[\-a{¥n Ft¥m a{¥-hmZw \SØn'' F∂m-Wv.

[\-{]-Xn-k‘n adn-I-S-°m-\mbn [\-a-{¥n-bmbn A[n-Im-c-ta‰v A[nIwsshImsX tUm. tXmakv sFk°vcq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb Bi-b-am-bn-cp∂p \nIp-

kwhmZwAtim-I≥ Rmd-bv°¬

Agn-aXn XpS-®p-\o-°-epw, hn⁄m-\-k-aq-l-ÿm-]-\hpw, ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsSim‡o-I-c-W-hpw, AXp-h-gn-bp≈ tIc-f-Øns‚ ka-{K-hn-I-k-\hpwBbn-cn-°Ww \ΩpsS kwhm-Z-hn-jbw.imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ e°-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® kwhm-Z-Øns‚ c≠mw `mKw

tIc-f-Øns‚

ka-{K-hn-I-k-\w

imkv{X-KXn 41

Xn-sh- n-∏n-s\-Xnsc P\-Iob {]ÿm\wF∂ ]≤-Xn. ""Hmh¿{Um v‰pw [\-{]-Xn-k-‘nbpw'' F∂ Xe-s°- n¬ tZim-`n-am\n Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ 2007 P\p-hcn 16apX¬ 22 hsc-bp≈ Znh-k-ß-fn-embn{]kn-≤o-I-cn® teJ\ ]c-ºc hgntUm. sFkIv C°mcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p.At±-l-Øns‚ Xs∂ hm°p-Iƒ D≤-cn-°-s´˛""kwÿm\ k¿°m-cns‚G‰hpw henb hcp-am\w \nIp-Xn-bm-Wv.....-\-S-∏p-h¿jw 4500 tImSn ]ncn-°m-\m-hptam F∂mWv {ian-°p-∂-Xv. Cue£yw t\Sn-bm¬t∏mepw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ]ncn-°m-hp∂ \nIp-Xn-bpsS ]Ip-Xntb CXv hcq. \nIp-Xn-sh- n∏p XS-bp-∂-Xn\v Hcp _lp-P\ {]ÿm\w{]mtbm-KnI AP-≠-bn¬ ÿm\w]nSnt® Xocq. {]Xn-]-£hpw hna¿i-Icpw a‰p ka-c-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-sfms°\n¿Øn-h®v [\-a-{¥n-bpsS \nIp-Xn-]n-cn-hp{]-ÿm\w Npcpƒ \nh-cp-∂Xv{]Xo-£n®v Ccp-∂p. kwL-Sn-X-cmbtIc-f-Ønse hym]m-c-k-aq-l-hp-ambnG‰p-ap´n [\-a-{¥n-bp-sSbpw a{¥n-k- -bp-sSbpw Imen-Sdpw F∂v {]Xn-]£wa\-∏m-bkw D≠p.

hna¿i-I¿ ]ecpw {]Xo-£n-®-Xp-t]m-se-b√ ]t£ Imcy-߃ \S-∂-Xv.[\-a{¥n \∂mbn Krl-]mTw sNbvXp.2008 Ah-km-\-tØmsS tIc-f-Ønse[\-h-Ip-∏ns\ C˛-K-th-W≥kns‚km[y-X-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v ASn-apSn ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-I-b-√msX as‰mcp am¿K-an-√ F∂\nK-a -\ -Øn¬ At±lw FØn.Aßs\ 2007 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ apt∂m- p-h-bv°-s∏´ \nIp-Xn-sh-´n-∏n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ P\-Iob {]ÿm\w 2009 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw C - -b-enwKv Bbn cq]wamdn.

]t£, C - -b-en-ßn-te-°p≈ am‰wtIc-f-Ønse [\-h-Ip-∏ns‚ Ncn-{Xw-Xs∂ Xncp-Øn-°p-dn-®p. C - -b-enw-Kn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ k¿hdn\p thK-X-t]m-cm, tkm v‰v shb-dnse t]mcm-bva-IƒXpSßn \nc-h[n {]iv\-߃ C\nbpap-≠v. F¶nepw Hmh¿{Um v‰pw [\-{]-Xn-k-‘nbpw Hm¿a-Iƒ am{X-am-bn. am{X-a√ [\-a-{¥n-amsc s]mXp-hn¬ i{X-p]-£Øv I≠n-cp∂ hym]m-cn-Iƒ tUm.sFk-°ns‚ ]pXnb ]cn-jvIm-c-ßsfaSn-®p-a-Sn-®m-sW-¶nepw AwKo-I-cn-®p.tIcf hym]m-cn-hy-h-kmbn kan-Xn-bpsStÉv {]kn-U‚ v {io.-_n∂n CΩ´n ]d-™Xv ""C - -b-enMv \nIpXn Hgn-hm-°n-bn-s√-¶nepw \nIp-Xn-]n-cn-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p \S-∂n-cp-∂ ]oU\w Ipd®p''F∂m-Wv. a‰v hym]m-cn-t\-Xm-°-fpsSA`n-{]m-bhpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°n-√.

CXn-\¿∞w Iºyq- -dmWv [\-h-Ip-

∏ns\ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv F∂mtWm?[\-a-{¥n°pw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°pwCXn¬ bmsXmcp ]¶p-an√ F∂mtWm?kwKXn adn-®m-Wv. {]h¿Øn-°m≥ C—m-i-‡n-bp≈ Hcp a{¥n°v AXy-[nIw{]h¿Ø-\-£-a-amb Hcp ASn-ØdIºyq- ¿h-XvI-cWw (lm¿Uvshbdpwtkm v‰vshbdpw F√mw tN¿∂v) Hcp-°n -s°m-Sp -Øp. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®vAt±lw \nIp-Xn-]n-cnhpw [\-Im-cy-am-t\-Pvsa‚pw Imcy-£-a-am-°n. hym]m-chpw\nIp-Xn-]n-cnhpw h¿[n-°m≥ hym]m-tcm-’-h-߃ \S-Øn.

ASn-Ø-d-bn-ep≈ apt∂-‰-ß-fmWvsa®-s∏´ ta¬°qc ]Wn-bm≥ kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°p-∂Xv F∂Xv sshcp-[y-im-kv{X-Øns‚ {]mY-anI \nb-a-am-Wv.F∂p-h®v ASn-Ød sa®-s∏-´m¬ta¬°qc kzta-[bm sa®-s∏-SWwF∂p-an-√.

Cu Ah-km\w ]d™ Imcy-Øn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬ Xs∂ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fn-epw \K-c-k-`-I-fn-epw ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw Hs°-bmbn \qdp IW-°n\ptImSn-cq-]-bpsS Iºyq- -dp-Ifpw A\p-_‘ kma-{Kn-Ifpw tkm v‰vshbdp-Ifp-amWv hmßn-°q- n-b-Xv. A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw aqew ]e Imcy-ßfpwXt±-i-kz-bw- -cW ÿm]-\-X-e-Øn¬-

hna¿i-I¿ ]ecpw {]Xo-£n-®-Xp-t]m-se-b√]t£ Imcy-߃ \S-∂-Xv. [\-a{¥n \∂mbnKrl-]mTw sNbvXp. 2008Ah-km-\-tØmsS tIc-f-Ønse [\-h-Ip-∏ns\C˛-K-th-W≥kns‚km[y-X-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®vASn-apSn ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-I-b-√msX as‰mcp am¿K-an-√ F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬At±lw FØn.Aßs\ 2007 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ apt∂m- p-h-bv°-s∏´ \nIp-Xn-sh- n-∏n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ P\-Iob{]ÿm\w 2009 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw C - -b-enwKvBbn cq]w amdn.

42 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

Xs∂ Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØp sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ kml-N-cyhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.F∂n´pw Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cW ÿm]-\-ßsf ASn-apSn am‰p-sa∂v sIm´n-tLm-jn-°-s∏´ Xt±-i-ÿm-]\ Iºyq- ¿h-XvI-cWw ]cm-P-b-amWv F∂-XmWvhkvXp-X. P\-ß-fpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hºn® ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-°m≥klm-bn-°p-am-bn-cp∂ Xt±-i-ÿm-]\Iºyq-´¿h-XvI-cWw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´XvIºyq- -dns‚ Ipg∏w sIm≠√ F∂Xvhy‡-am-Wv. CtX Xc-Øn-ep≈ kma-{Kn-Iƒ sIm≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wt√m [\-h-Ip-∏ns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ASn-apSn am‰-ap-≠m-°n-b-Xv. [\-a-{¥ntbm At±-l-Øns‚ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Itcm a{¥-hm-Zn-I-f-√-Xm-\pw. am{X-a√ Nne Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-se-¶nepw amXr-Im-]-c-ambn Imcy-߃ \S-∂n- p-ap-≠v.Npcp-°-Øn¬ Iºyq- ¿ h∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw kzta-[bm Hcp hnπhw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. hnπ-h-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-amWv Ah Hcp-°p-∂-Xv. A[n-Imcw ssIbm-fp-∂-h¿°v AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v am‰-߃ hcp-Øm-\p≈ a\- p-th-Ww, AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ah¿ ]Tn-°p-I-bpw Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.XnI®pw kuP-\y-ambn em]vtSm∏v In´n-bn´pw AXv Ct∏mgpw e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Adn-bmØ ]e Fw.-F¬.-F.-amcpw D≠-t√m.

ASn -Ø-d -bn -ep≈ ]ptcm -KXnta¬°q-c-bnepw ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-°m-\p≈ `uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-sam-cp°pw

F∂ sshcp-≤y-im-kv{X-X-Xz-Øn\vIºyq- ¿ am{X-a√ DZm-l-c-Ww. C∂v tIc-f-Ønse hoSp-I-fn-¬ hym]-I-ambn D≈kuI-cy-ß-fmWv sshZyp-Xn, KymkvASp-∏v, anIvkn, ss{K‚¿, ss]∏p-sh≈w/]ºv, Ae-°p-b{¥w F∂n-h.{XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnse 50% h\n-Xm-kw-h-cWw s]mXp-th-Zn -I-fn¬FØp∂, As√-¶n¬ Zqc-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬t]mbn tPmen sNøp∂, kv{XoI-fpsSA[zm-\-`mcw eLq-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw,AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw BZyw ]d™ kuI-cy-߃ \¬Ip∂ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ sNdp-X-√. sshZyp-Xn-t]mepw FØmØ DØ-tc-¥y≥{Km-a-ß-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬ FØp-∂Xn-t\m-Spw, Zqc-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ tPmen-°p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp-ap≈ ]c-º-cm-KX kaq-l-Øns‚ at\m-`mhw ""At∏mƒ R߃°p N∏mØnBcp-≠m-°n-Øcpw?'' F∂Xv Bbn XpS-cp-∂Xv ta¬hn-h-cn® ASn-Ø-d-bpsSA]-cym-]vXX F∂ hkvXp-X-bp-ambn_‘-s∏-SpØn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-sa∂ptXm∂p-∂p. [“Who will make uschapathis?” F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ]T\walm-cm-jv{S-bnse Nne kv{Xo {]h¿Ø-I¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p.]

tIc-f-Ønse s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ h¿-[n® tXmXn¬ tImtf-Pn¬ FØm\pwCu D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS hym]\w Hcp-°nb ASn-Ød klm-bn-°p-∂p-s≠∂ptXm∂p-∂p. AX-s√-¶n¬ sh≈w tImcp-I, Acn-s]m-Sn-°p-I, tZmi-amhv Ac-bv°p-

I, ASp-∏n¬ Xo Fcn-°p-I, Ae-°p-I, XpS-ßnb mcn® ho´p-tPm-en-I-fn¬AΩ°v Hcp Iq´m-bn-t°ms´ F∂ ]cn-K-W-\-bn¬ qcn- mKw {KmaoW s]¨Ip-´n-I-fp-sSbpw hnZym- ymkw ]c-am-h[nkvIqƒ ss^\-temsS Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw sshZyp-Xnbpw D]-I-c-Wßfpw ho n-ep-≈-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ D∂X hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-t°m-fWwF∂n-√. AXn\v kvtImf¿jn∏v apX-emb t{]c-W-I-fpw sSen-hn-j≥ apX-em-bh hgn-bp≈ {]Nm-c-W-ßfpw th≠n-h-cpw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ sshZyp-Xn-bpwss]∏p-sh-≈-hpw Kymkv ASp-∏pwss{K‚-dpw Ae-°p-b-{¥-hpw sSen-hn-j\pw (C-t∏mƒ C‚¿s\-‰pw em]vtSm∏vIºyq- -dpw) hsc-bp≈ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsShym]\w h\n-Xm-hn-tam-N-\-Øn-\p≈i‡-amb Hc-Sn-Ø-d-bm-Wv. kv{Xohm-Z-{]-ÿm-\-߃ H‰-b-Sn°p CXv kΩ-Xn®pXt∂-°n-√. Ah-km-\-ambn Hcp ImcywIqSn samss_¬t^m-Wpw ssk°nƒ,kvIq´¿ t]mep≈ Ccp-N-{I-hm-l-\-ßfpw s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip∂kzmX-{¥yhpw sNdp-X-√.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ Iºyq-´¿ h∂m¬F√mw kzta-[bm icn-bm-Ip-sa-∂-√,icn-bm-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb ASn-ØdHcpßpw F∂p-am-{X-am-Wv, Cu kwhm-Z-Øns‚ BZy- m-K-Øn¬ ka¿∞n-°m≥{ian-®-Xv. Iºyq- ¿ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cu

ASn-Ød Hcp-t°-≠-Xns‚ {]m[m\ywhni-Zo-I-cn-®Xv hmb-\-°m¿°v adn-s®mcp[mcW D≠m-°m-\n-S-bm-bn- p-s≠-¶n¬

AXp XnI®pw bmZr-OnIw am{X-am-Wv.ASn-Ød {][m-\-amWv; AXp-t]mseta¬°q-c-bpw. Hs∂m-gn-hm-°n-s°m≠v

at‰-Xn\p am{Xw GI-]-£o-b-ambn{]m[m\yw \¬Im-\m-In-√.

2. as‰mcp {]Xn-I-cWw sF.-Sn.-bpsShym]\w IqSp-X¬ sshZypXn D]-tbm-

K-Øn-\pw, AXp-hgn BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

Xo¿®-bmbpw CXpw Kuc-h-ap≈ Hcm-tcm-]-W-am-Wv. {]apJ A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-

ÿnXn kwL-S-\-bmb {Ko≥]okv ASp-Ø-bnsS ]pd-Øp-hn´ IW-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv temI-am-I-am-\-ap≈ Iºyq- ¿

k¿h¿ kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpsS samØwsshZypXn D]-t`mKw C¥y-bpsSsamØw sshZypXn D]-t`m-K-tØ-°mƒIqSp-X-emWv F∂m-Wv.

CsXm-s°-bm-W-¶nepw {Ko≥]okvkwL-S\ Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv Iºyq-´¿k¿h¿ kwhn-[m-\-߃ AS-®p-]q- WwF∂-√, adn®v F√m kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Du¿P-£-aX h¿[n-∏n-°m≥

\ΩpsS tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fn-epw \K-c-k- -I-fn-epw]©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw Hs°-bmbn \qdp IW-°n\ptImSn-cq-]-bpsS Iºyq- -dp-Ifpw A\p-_‘ kma-{Kn-Ifpw tkm^v‰vshbdp-Ifp-amWv hmßn-°q-´n-b-Xv.A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw aqew ]e Imcy-ßfpwXt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-X-e-Øn¬-Xs∂Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØp sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ kml-N-cyhpwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 43

th≠ \nt£-]-ß-fpw Kth-j-W-ßfpw\S-Ø-W-sa∂pw AXp-hgn D≠m-Ip∂t\ -߃ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf Adn-bn-°Ww F∂pw BWv.am{X-a-√, kuc-ssh-Zyp-Xn, Im‰n¬\n-∂p≈ sshZypXn F∂n-{]-Im-c-ap≈]p\-cp-Xv]m-Z-I-ssh-ZypXn kwhn-[m-\-߃ hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v BtKm-f-Xm-]\w Ipd-bv°m≥{ian-°-W-sa∂pw {Ko≥]okv t]mep≈]cn-ÿnXn kwL-S-\-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.B[p-\n-I- kp-J-ku-I-cy-߃ F√mwDt]-£n®v {]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n-°WwF∂p ]d-bp∂ Nne KmV ]cn-ÿn-hm-Z-°m¿ {Ko≥]o-kp-Im-tcm-Sp-t]mepwtbmPn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS Dt´m-]y-bn¬ IS-em-kp-≠m-°m≥ acw apdn-t°-≠n-hcpw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v FgpØpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw \n¿tØ-≠n-h-cpw. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ A®-Sn-°m-\p-am-hn-√.sshZyp-Xnbpw tIm¨{Io‰v hoSp-I-fpwDSp-Xp-Wnbpw hml-\-ßfpw F√mw{]Ir-Xn°v ]cn-t°¬∏n-°p-∂-h-X-s∂.tijw Nn¥yw. KmV ]cn-ÿn-Xn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS \ymb-߃ AwKo-I-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. AtX kabw, Du¿P-D-]-t`m-K-Øns‚Imcy-£-aX \nc-¥cw h¿[n-∏n-°m-\p≈ Kth-jW {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw XpS-cp-Ibpw thWw.

3. thsdmcp {]Xn-I-cWw km¿h-tZ-iob hn⁄m\ kaq-lhpw D∂-X-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øns‚ km¿h-{Xn-I-h-XvI-c-Whpw F√mw Dt´m-]y≥ Bi-b-ß-fm-Wv, \S-∏nem-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h-bmWvF∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

D∂-X-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw a‰pw]m›m-Xy¿°v hn´p-sIm-SpØv Gjy-°m-cpw, B{^n-°-°m-cpw, Ad-_n-I-fpw,em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°-°mcpw Ah¿°ptNcp∂ sXmgn¬ (Ip-e-sØm-gn¬?)FSpØv Pohn-°Ww F∂mWv CØ-c-°m¿ e-Øn¬ hmZn-°p-∂-Xv. sXmgn¬hn -P-\sØ imiz-Xo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈CØcw hmZ-ap-J-ßsf JWvUn-®p-sIm≠v {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿ ]t≠ Dcp-f-bv°p-t∏cn t]mep≈adp-]Sn \¬In-bn-´p -≠v. F¶nepwCØcw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°¬ _n¬tK‰v-kn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ \h-{_m-“-W¿°p-am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏- -Xm-sW∂pw kzX-{¥-tkm v‰vshbdns‚bpw a‰pw t]cp-]-d™v _n¬tK-‰vkn\pw a‰pw FXnsc]S-hm-fp-b¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xn¬A¿∞-an-s√-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-߃ tIc-f-apƒs∏sS ]e-bn-SØpw apg-ßn.

""(Io-g-S-ßp-I-b-√m-sX) as‰mcp _Z-en√'' F∂ \h-sIm-tfm-Wn-b¬ hmZ-Øns‚ as‰mcp cq]-amWv Cu \h-{_m-

“-Wy-hm-Z-hpw. P\-ß-fpsS t]mcm-´-tijn tNm¿Øn-°-f-bp-∂, A]-I-S-I-c-amb Cu hmZsØ Xpd-∂p-Im´n sNdp-Øp-tXm¬∏n-°p-I-b-√msX bYm¿∞km{am-PyXz BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW hncp-≤-t∏m-cm-fn-Iƒ°p as‰mcp am¿K-hp-an-√.

4. C\n-bp-samcp {]Xn-I-cWw CsXmcptIm¿∏-td‰v am¿°-‰nwKv KqV-X-{¥-amWvF∂-Xm-Wv. Iºyq -´ -dp -Iƒ°pw,samss_¬t^m-Wp-Iƒ°pw sNehvh¿[n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv CXns‚ e£ywF∂mWv Ah-cpsS Btcm-]-Ww.

C∂sØ B[p-\nI apX-em-fnØkaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ \mw F¥psNbvXmepw tIm¿∏-td‰v ÿm]-\-߃em -ap-≠m°pw F∂ kXy-Øns‚ {]Xn-

-e\w am{X-amWv Cu Btcm-]-Ww.\n߃ cmhnse Fgp-t∂‰v ]√p-tX-°p-tºmgpw (t]Ãv, SqØv{_-jv), Ipfn-°p-tºmgpw (tkm-∏v, jmºq), {]mX¬ Ign-°p-tºmgpw (]m-°‰v hn -h-߃), NmbIpSn-°p-tºmgpw ({_q-°vt_m-≠v, Sm‰mSo), hkv{Xw [cn-°p-tºmgpw (sd-Un-sa-bvUv ]m‚ v, j¿ v, Npcn-Zm¿, ASn-h-kv{X-

߃) tPmen-ÿ-e-tØ°p t]mIp-tºmgpw (hm-l-\w, s]t{Smƒ), kwkm-cn-°p-tºmgpw (sam-ss_¬t^m¨) Sn.-hn. ImWp-tºm-gpw, s\‰v t\m°p-tºm-gpw, Xß-fpsS tPmen sNøp-tºm-gpw,F.-Sn.-Fw. hgntbm s\‰v hgntbm _m¶n-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-tºm-gpw, Npcp-°-Øn¬ GXm-s≠√m {]hrØn-Iƒ sNøp-

tºmgpw \n߃ {]Xy-£-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬]tcm-£-am-sb-¶nepw tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Iƒ°p em`w D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p-

≠v. 2003- ¬ _pjns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬Ata-cn° Cdm-°n¬ \S-Ønb A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xnsc Db¿∂p-h∂ km{am-

PyXz DXv]-∂-_-ln-jvI-cW {]ÿm\whgn-ap- n-bXv Cu bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ X´n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_v\m-Sp-I-fn-epw \ΩpsS

tIc-f-Ønepw Cu {]ÿm\w Bth-i-ap-W¿Øn. Cdm-°nse Ata-cn-°≥A[n-\n-thiw ^e-Øn¬ C∂pw XpS-

cp-∂p. ]t£, 2003- 2004 ImeØv hºn®]n¥pW t\Snb DXv]∂ _ln-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-sØ-°p-dn®v C∂v BcpwHm¿°p-∂p-t]m-ep-an-√.

44 sk]vXw-_¿ 201144

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ B _ln-jvI-cWka-c-Øns‚ Xo C∂pw AW-bmsXkq£n-°p-∂Xv kzX-{¥-tkm v‰vshb¿{]ÿm-\-amWv F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X.km{am-PyXz XmXv]-cy-߃°v G‰hpwIqSp-X¬ apdn-th¬∏n-°m≥ Ign-™XvCu {]ÿm-\-Øn-\m-Wv. Cu {]ÿm\wi‡n-bm¿Pn-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv C∂vIºyq- dpw samss_¬t^mWpw a‰pwD]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Zi-t°m-Sn-°-W-°n\vhy‡n-Iƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øn oj-Wn-s∏-SpØn Ah¿ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cn¬\n∂pw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\vcq] I∏w ]nSn-®p-hm-ßm≥ IpØItkm v‰vshb-dp-Im¿°v Ign-bm-Ø-Xv.AØ-c-Øn¬ I∏w ]ncn-°pI F∂Dt±-i-hp-ambn ""F√m ho´nepw HcpIºyq- ¿'' F∂ BI¿j-I-amb ap{Zm-hm-Iy-hp-ambn ]≠p cwK-Øp-h∂_n¬tK‰vkpw kplr-Øp-°fpw C∂vAØ-c-samcp ap{Zm-hm-Iy-sØ-°p-dn®pN¿® sNøm≥ t]mepw CjvS-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xn\p ImcWw kzX-{¥-tkm v‰vshb¿{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿® Xs∂-bm-Wv.AXp-sIm≠v tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Isf tXm¬∏n-°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ \ne-sIm-

t≈-≠Xv C˛ -c-W-Øn\v FXn-cm-b-√,adn®v C˛ -c-W-Øn¬ C∂pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ IpØ-I-tkm v‰vshb-dp-Iƒ°v

FXn-cm-bm-Wv. C˛ -cWw ]q¿W-ambpwkzX-{¥-tkm v‰vshb¿ A[n-jvTn-X-am-IWw F∂v Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-S-Ww.

GXm-bmepw XXvImew B[p-\n-I-

hy-h-km-b-Øns‚ DXv]-∂-ßsf ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠v {]mNo-\-a-\p-jys‚ Kplm-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°v aS-

ßn-t∏m-Im≥ Bhn-√. tkm∏pw t]ÃpwA≠¿sh-b-dp-Ifpw j¿´pw ]m‚pwap≠pw kmcn-bpw Npcn-Zm-dpw Nmbbpw

Im∏nbpw ]e-lm-c-ßfpw samss_¬-t^m-Wpw Sn.-hn.bpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ C∂v\ap°p Ign-bn√! G‰hpw ]nt∂m°w\n¬°p∂ BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ t]mepwAXn\v Xbm-dm-hn-√. Id‚pw sSen-hn-j-\pw samss_¬t^m-Wpw tamt´m¿-ss_°pw F√mw tIm¿∏-td‰v sIWn-I-fm-Wv, AXp-sIm≠p \Ωƒ AsX√mwDt]-£n-°Ww F∂v Ah-tcmSv H∂p]d™p t\m°q. ]≠v Ip©≥ \ºym¿cmPm-hn-t\mSv ]d™ ""ASn-b\v ]m¬]m-b-k-Øns‚ Ibv]v CjvS-am-Wv,'' F∂ioen-em-bn-cn°pw Ah-cpsS DØ-cw.F¥n\v C∂v G‰-hp-a-[nIw IpØ-I-hn-tcm[w ]d-bp∂ OØn-kvK-Vn-tebpwQm¿J-WvUn-tebpw amthm-bn-Ãp-Iƒ°pt]mepw IpØ-I-Iƒ Cd-°p∂G‰hpw ap¥nb tamt´m¿ss_-°p-I-tfm-Spw em]vtSm-∏p-I-tfm-Spw P\-td-‰¿ sk‰p-I-tfmSpw D≈ {`aw ad-®p-h-bv°m≥ Ign-

bp-∂n-√.

]pXnb kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿ AXp-hgn tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Isfklm-bn-°p-I-bmWv F∂ Btcm-]-W-Øn\v G‰hpw \√ adp-]Sn \¬In-bXv1917- ¬ djy-bn¬ \S∂ HIvtSm-_¿ hnπ-h-Øns‚ \mb-I\pw tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-bs‚ cmjv{S-in-ev]nbpw Bbn-cp∂se\n≥ BsW∂p tXm∂p-∂p.""tkmjy-enkw=tkmhn-b‰v cWw+djy-bpsS kºq¿W sshZyp-Xo-I-cWw''F∂ ka-hm-IysØ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ambnkzoI-cn®v tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-bs‚ Hmtcmap°nepw aqe-bnepw sshZypXn FØn-°m-\p≈ ]cn-]mSn At±lw Bhn-jvI-cn-®-t∏mƒ BZyw hna¿i-I¿ ""Id‚pwIayq-Wn-khpw XΩn¬ F¥p _‘w?''F∂ tNmZy-hp-am-bmWv se\ns\ FXn-cn- -Xv. am¿Ivkv Fgp-Xnb aqe-[-\-Øn¬Id‚ns‚ Imcyw H∂pw ]d-™n- n-√t√mF∂v hna¿i-I¿ ]dt™m F∂v Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. GXm-bmepw hna¿i-\-ß-sf-sb√mw adn-I-S∂v kºq¿W sshZyp-Xo-I-cW ]cn-]mSn \S-∏m-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

At∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn-epw P¿a-\n-bn-epwCw•-≠nepw D≈ sshZypX P\-td-‰¿Iº-\n-Iƒ°v h≥ Hm¿U-dp-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂Xp hgn hntZ-i-Ip-Ø-I-Isf klm-bn-°p-I-bmWv se\n≥ F∂mbn hna¿i-\w. Cu hna¿i-\-tØmSv se\n≥ {]Xn-I-cn-®Xv djy-bn¬ sshZyp-Xn-hy-h-kmbwC√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v XXvImew hntZiIº-\n-Iƒ°v Hm¿U¿ \¬ImsXas‰mcp am¿K-an√ F∂m-Wv. Cd-°p-a-Xn°v sImSp-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ hne Syqj≥^o Bbn ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ aXn. Syqj≥^o sImSp-°p-∂Xv ]Tn®v anSp-°-cm-Im-\m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v tkmhn-b-‰v\m- nsesXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw F©n-\o-b¿amcpw hntZ-i-hn-Z-Kv≤¿°v H∏w ]Wn-sb-SpØv]Wn \∂mbn ]Tn-°-Ww, AXp-hgnAta-cn -°-sbbpw P¿a-\n -sbbpwsh√p∂ Hcp tkmhn-b‰v sshZypXhyh-kmbw sI´n-∏-Sp-°Ww F∂pwAt±lw D]-tZ-in-®p. GXm-bmepw djyFensb t]Sn®v C√w Np´n-√. adn®vhntZi hnZ-Kv≤-cn¬\n∂v kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ \√-hÆw ]Tn®v AXn-_r-l-Ømb Hcp F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hyh-kmbirwJe sI´n-∏-Sp-Øp. ]n¬°m-eØv\mkn-∏-S-bpsS B{I-a-WsØ sNdpØptXm¬∏n-°m≥ tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b\vIgn-™Xv B hyh-kmb ASn-Ø-d-sIm≠p IqSn-bm-Wv.

5. km¿h-tZ-iob hn⁄m-\-k-aq-l-sa∂v Xnc-kvI-cn-®p-sIm≠v am{X-a-√,]n¥p-W-®p-sIm≠pw {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp-≠m-bn. Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.

km¿h-tZ-iob hn⁄m-\-k-aqlwh∂m¬ kznkv_m-¶n¬ ]Ww Hfn-∏n-®p-h-bv°¬ \S-°n-√.

bp≤w C√m-Xm-hpw, ]´m-f-s®-ehpIpd-bpw.

a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬ tPmen-°p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn\v ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p ]mkvt]m¿´pw,hnkbpw th≠n-h-cn-√.

hnhn[ cmPy-߃ XΩn¬ sdbn¬_‘w hym]-I-am-Ipw. \mSp-Np-‰m-\p≈ sNehp Ipd-bpw.

ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w \mSp ImWm≥[mcm-f-am-fp-Iƒ FØpw. SmIvkn-°m¿°v \√ Hm´w In´pw.

cmPym-¥c kulr-Z-_-‘-߃hym]-I-am-Ipw.

hyXykvX cmPy-°m-cmb Ian-Xm-°ƒ°v hnhm-ln-X-cm-Im≥ C∂p≈]e XS- -ßfpw C√m-Xm-Ipw. F∂n-ßs\ ]e-Xpw.

Cu kwhmZw ChnsS Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√.

IqSp-X¬ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ kzmKXwsNøp-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 45imkv{X-KXn 45

Aev]w -N-cn{Xw]q¿h Gjy≥ Xoc-Øp≈ At\IwZzo]k-aq-l-߃ Dƒs∏´ cmPy-amWvP∏m≥. C≥Uy-bnse G‰hpw henbkwÿm-\-amb cmP-ÿms‚ IqsSaWn∏qcpw IqSn tN¿Øm¬ e`y-am-Ip∂hnkvXo¿Wta Cu cmPy-Øn-\p-≈q.Zzo]m-sW-¶nepw cmPy-Øns‚ 80 iX-am\w mK-ßfpw ]¿hX \n_n-Uam-Wv.Ccp-∂q-tdmfw kPo-h-amb A·n-]¿hX-߃ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. {]Ir-Xn-t£m- -ß-fmb `qI-º-ß-fp-sSbpw, kp\m-an-I-fp-sSbpw Npg-en-sImSp¶m-‰p-I-fp-sSbpw,

P∏m≥ kp\man:A\p- -h-߃ ]mT-am-°Ww

Dcpƒs]m- -ep-I-fp-sSbpw a‰pw Ifn-sØm-´n-emWv Cu Zzo]k-aq-lw. temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øns‚ G‰hpw XojvW-amb Zpcn-X-߃ A\p- -hn-t°≠n h∂ cmPy-am-Wn-Xv. lntcm-j-na-bnepw, \mK-km-°n-bnepw Ata-cn° t_mw_v h¿jn-®p.

1945¬ bp.Fkns‚ ssIbn-em-sb-¶nepwkm≥ {^m≥-knkvtIm kJy-a-\p-k-cn®v1951˛¬ kzmX-{¥yhpw ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw

Xncn-®p-In´n. XpS¿∂p≈ Ime-L- -ß-fn¬ hymh-km-bnI imkv{X- -km-t¶-XnIcwK-ß-fn¬ ASn-sh-®-Sn-h®v Db¿∂p-h∂ P∏m≥ a‰p cmPy-߃°v amXr-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. ITn-\m-[zm-\hpw A¿∏-W-t_m-[hpw P∏m≥ P\-X-bpsS khnti-

j-X-I-fm-Wv. CXv Cu cmPy-Øns‚

Ncn{Xw.

`ua-imkv{X]c-amb{]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

`ua-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn A·n-]¿h-X-

irw-J-e-Ifpw h≥ qI-º-ßfpw tI{μo-

I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ k¿°w ]k-^n°v

_¬‰v AYhm "" A·n hfbw'' F∂p

hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ im¥ kap-{Z-Øns‚Np‰p-ap≈ taJ-e-bn-emWv P∏m≥

`ua-imkv{XwtUm. Fkv. {ioIp-am¿

P∏m≥ Zpc-¥-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ BW-h-\n-e-b-߃ L´w L -ambnBcw`n®v 2022 BIp-tºmtg°pw BWh Du¿P-tØmSv hnS-]-d-bm≥ P¿Ω\nXocp-am\n-®p. BW-thm¿Pa-√msX thsd hgn-bn-s√∂p ]d™v aq∂mw-tem-I-cm-Py-߃t]mepw BW-h-\n-e-b-߃°v ]n∂mse t]mIp-tºm-gm-Wv 25 iX-am\wCt∏mƒ BWh Du¿Pw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂ P¿Ω\n-bpsS Cu Xocp-am-\-sa∂vHm¿°p-I.

46 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. C≥tUmt\jy CutaJ-e-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Nnen-bn¬\n∂v \yqkn-em‚ v hsc \ofp-∂-XmWvCu taJ-e. \yqKn-\n-bm, P∏m≥, Aem-kv°, hSt° Ata-cn-°-bp-tS-bpw,sXt° Ata-cn-°-bp-tSbpw ]Sn-™m-d≥{]-tZ-i-߃, nen-ss∏≥kv F∂nhA·n-h-f-b-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. temI-Ønse 80 iX-am\w qI-º-ßfpw CutaJ-e-bn-emWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. kp\m-anbpw im¥-k-ap-{Z-Øn-emWv IqSp-X¬A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. icm-icn c≠v AXn-i-‡-amb kp\man {]Xn-h¿jw CutaJ-e-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. C≥Uym-kap-{Z-Ønepw AXvem‚n-°nepw saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ IS-enepw hn\m-i-Im-cn-bmb

kp\man D≠m-bn- p≠v. CXp-hsc tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬ Hcp iX-am-\-Øn¬-Xmsg am{Xta kp\man _wKmƒ Dƒ°-

S-en¬ D≠m-bn- p-≈p. IS-ens‚ ASn-Ø-´n-ep-≠m-Ip∂ `qIºw am{X-a√kp\man krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. Dcpƒs]m´¬

A·n-]¿hX kvt^mS-\w, D¬°-I-fpsS]X-\w, oam-Im-c-amb lnam-\n-I-fpsS IS-en-te-°p≈ ]X\w F∂nh oam-Im-c-

amb Xnc-am-e-Isf krjvSn-°p-∂p. Pm∏-\okv mj-bn¬ \n∂mWv Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ Iq‰≥ IS¬ Xnc-Iƒ°v kp\manF∂ t]cp e`n-®-Xv. ""kp'' F∂m¬Xpd-apJw F∂pw ""\man'' F∂m¬\o≠Xnc-ame F∂pamWv A¿∞w.

`qcn-]£w kp\m-an -I-fp-sSbpwImcWw IS-en-\-Sn-bn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ qI-º-ß-fm-Wv. ua- -e-I-߃ Iq´n-ap´n`qI-º-ap-≠mbn `qhXv°-Øns‚ Hcp`mKw Db¿∂p s]mßp-tºmƒ F√m- m-K-tØ°pw X≈p∂ sh≈-amWv Iq‰≥Xnc-am-ebv°p Imc-Ww. kap-{Z-Øns‚ASn-Ø- n¬ \S-°p∂ F√m `qI-º-ßfpw kp\man D≠m-°m≥ {]m]vXn D≈-X-√. `qI-º-Xo-{hX 7.5 \v apI-fnepwew_-ambn s]m n-am-dp--tºmgpw am{X-amWvkp\man D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp P‰v sπbn-\ns‚ thK-X-bn-emWv kap-{Z-Øn¬kp\man k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXvaWn-°q-dn¬ 600 apX¬ 800 Intem-ao-‰¿ hsc thK-X-bn¬. Xcw-K-ssZ¿Lyw500 Intem-ao-‰dne[nIw D≠m-Ipw. Dƒ°-S-en¬ Ch-bpsS Dbcw Ipd-hm-b-Xn-\m¬I∏-enepw a‰pw k©-cn-°p-∂-h¿°vkp\m-an -D≠m-bm¬t∏mepw A\p- -h-s∏-

Sm-dn-√. Im‰-Sn®v km[m-c-W-bmbn kap-{Z-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Xnc-am-e-Iƒ°vssZ¿Lyw 100 apX¬ 200 ao‰¿ hsc

am{Xta D≠m-Iq. Ch an\n-‰p-Iƒ°IwH∂n\p ]ndsI H∂mbn Ic-bn-se-Øpw.5 apX¬ 20 sk°‚ v hsc am{Xta ASp-

Ø-SpØ Xcw-K-߃ XΩn¬ ka-b-hy-Xymkw D≠m-Iq. ]s£ kp\man Xnc-

am-e-Iƒ Hcp Xnc-ame h∂v ]tØm,\mev]tXm an\n‰v Ignt™ ASpØXnc-ame Ic-bn-se-Øq. Xoc-tØ°vB™-Sn-°p∂ Xnc-am-e-Iƒ BgwIpd™ IS¬ Xoc-tØmSv ASp-°p-tºmƒ Xnc-am-e-bpsS Dbcw Ipd™`mKw ""{S v'' IS¬Ø´n¬ Dc-kp-I-bpw,thKX s]mSp-∂s\ Ipd-bp-Ibpw Xcw-K-ssZ¿Lyw Ipd™v Du¿÷w D≈Db¿∂ Iq‰≥ Xnc-am-e-Iƒ Db¿∂ps]mßn Xoc-tZ-iØv sh≈-s∏m-°-ap-≠m-°p-∂p. kp\m-an-bpsS Dbcw Xoc-{]-tZ-i-Øns‚ q{]-Ir-Xn, IS¬Ø- ns‚Bgw F∂n-hsb B{i-bn-®n-cn-°pw.

kp\m-an-bpsS Ncn{Xwim¥-k-ap-{Z-Øn¬ am{X-a√ Fhn-

sSbpw kp\man D≠mIpw F∂mWvkp\m-an-bpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ ImWp-∂-Xv. hn\m-i-Im-cn-I-fmbNne kp\m-an-I-fmWv ]- n-I 1- ¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

P∏m\pw kp\m-anbpw`qI-ºhpw kp\m-anbpw CS-bv°n-

Sbv°v P∏m-\n¬ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠vAXns\ t\cn-Sm≥ {]m]vXn-bp≈Unkmÿ amt\-Pvsa‚ v kwhn-[m-\-߃Ah¿°p-≠v. Bh¿Øn®v {]Ir-Xn-t£m- -߃ D≠-mb-t∏m-sg√mw AXns‚BLmXw Ipd-bv°m≥ P∏m≥ P\-Xbv°v km[n-®n-´p-≠v. ]s£, 2011am¿®v 11\v D≠mb kp\m-an-bn¬\n∂vA{]-Xo-£n-X-amb {]l-c-amWv P∏m≥P\-Xbv°v G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h-∂-Xv.AXns‚ BLmXw h¿≤n-®-Xns‚ImcWw BW-h-\n-e-b-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-am-Wv. 1900 \p tijw `qap-J-Øp-≠b D{K- q-I-º-Øn-sem-∂mWv am¿®v11˛\v D≠m-b-Xv. temI alm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ 65 h¿j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬P∏m≥ P\X A\p- -hn-°p∂ alm-hn-]-Øm-sW-∂mWv P∏m≥ {][m-\-a{¥nXs∂ CXns\ hnti-jn-∏n®-Xv.

]´nI 1h¿jw ÿew {][m\ImcWw

6100 _n.-kn. t\m¿Øv A‰vem‚nIv IS-en-ep≈

Dcpƒs]m- ¬

bv°p ap≥]v kap{Zw

1650 _n.-kn.-bn¬ kt¥m-dn\n ({Ko°v Zzo]v) A·n-]¿ΔX

kvt^mS\w

1755 enkv_¨, t]m¿´p-K¬ `qIºw

1883 {Im°-tSmh A·n-]¿ΔX

kvt^mS\w

1946 ]k- nIv kap{Zw `qIºw

1960 Nnen `qIºw

1964 Aem-kv°m, Imen-t^m¿Wnb `qIºw

2004 kpam{X `qIºw

1868 Nnen, lhmbn

1896 P∏m≥ `qIºw

1946 Aemkv° `qI-ºw

1958 Aemkv° IS¬Ø-d-bnse

Dcpƒs]m- ¬

1976 ^nen-ss∏≥kv `qIºw

1998 ]∏ph \ypKn-\nb `qIºw

1952 ImavNXvI s]\n≥kp-e, djy `qIºw

1983 P∏m≥ `qIºw

2011 am¿®v 11\v D≠mb kp\m-an-bn¬\n∂v A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb {]l-c-amWv P∏m≥ P\-Xbv°v G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h-∂-Xv. AXns‚ BLmXw h¿≤n-®-Xns‚ImcWw BW-h-\n-e-b-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-am-Wv. 1900\p tijw `qap-J-Øp-≠b D{K- q-I-º-Øn-sem-∂mWvam¿®v 11˛\v D≠m-b-Xv. temI alm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ 65 h¿j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ P∏m≥ P\X A\p- -hn-°p∂ alm-hn-]-Øm-sW-∂mWv P∏m≥ {][m-\-a{¥nXs∂ CXns\ hnti-jn-∏n®-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 47

11 sh≈n, am¿®v 2011am¿®v 11˛\p-≠mb `qI-º-Øns‚

Xo{hX dnIvS¿ kvsIbn-en¬ 8.9 Bbn-cp-∂p. `qI-º-Øns‚ t^m° v 32Intem-ao-‰¿ Bg-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. {] -h-tI{μw hS-°p-Ing-°≥ P∏m-\nsesk¥mbn Xoc-Øp-\n∂pw 130 Intem-ao-‰¿ Ing-t°m- p-amdn kap-{Zm-Sn-Ø- n-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]k- nIv eIw GI-tZiw8 apX¬ 9 sk‚n-ao-‰¿ BWv {]Xn-h¿jw k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ^eIwtlm¨jp e-I-Øn-\-Sn-bn-te°v X≈n-°-b-dnb tSm°ntbm Xoc-ß-fn-emWvP∏m≥ Zpc-¥-Øns‚ {] -h-ÿm-\-sa∂vIcp-Xp-∂p. CXp-aqew ^e-I-Øns‚]cn[n {]tZiw Db¿∂p-s]mßn. CXvkp\m-an-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-W-am-bn.CtX-Xp-S¿∂v P∏ms‚ hS-°p-In -g°p`mKw hSt° Ata-cn-°-tbmSv 2.4ao‰¿ ASp-Øp. 297.6 Intem-ao-‰¿\ofhpw 148.8 Intem-ao-‰¿ hoXn-bp-ap≈hn≈-ep-I-fmWv `qI-ºsØ XpS¿∂vXpS¿∂p-≠mb qan-bpsS A®p-X-≠n\v10 sk‚o-ao-‰¿am‰w h∂-Xmbn {]mY-anI]T\w Nq≠n-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. 869 ¬8.6 hym]vXn-bp≈ h≥`q-Iºw D≠mbAtX coXn-bn-emWv Cu kp\m-anbv°pwImc-W-sa∂v Pntbm-f-Pn-°¬ ]T\dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Nq≠n--°m-Wn-°p-∂p. qI-º-ap-≠m-b-Xn\v GXm\pw an\n-‰p-Iƒ°Iw 10 ao‰¿ hsc Db-c-ap≈ sNfnIe¿∂ Ccp≠Xnc-am-e-Iƒ Xoc-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ B™-Sn-®p. Nne {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ 10 Intem-ao-‰¿hsc Xoc-tZ-i-ta-J-e-bn-te°v Xnc-am-e-Iƒ FØn. hS-°p-In-g-°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ ]e {]tZ-iØpwhyXy-kvX-k-a-b-ØmWv Xnc-ame FØn-b-Xv. qI-º-ap-≠mbn 30 an\n- n-\p-ti-j-amWv BZy BLmXw A\p- -h-s∏- -Xv.sk¥mbn Fb¿t]m¿´n¬ 60 an\n- n-\p-ti-j-amWv Xnc-bpsS XmWvU-h-\rØwAc-tß-dn-b-Xv. Xnc-am-e-bpsS Dbcw\n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv Xoc-Øns‚ BIr-Xn,Bgw F∂o- L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv. aq∂p \ne-sI- n-S-Øns‚ apIƒ`m-Kw-hsc Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ Xnc Cc-®p-I-b-dn. anbm-Kn,^pIpjna Pn√-I-fn¬ GXm≠v 5 an\n‰pt\cw Pe-hn-Xm\w Db¿∂p-X-s∂ -\n-∂p.k¿hXpw sh≈-Øn-\-Sn-bn-em-°n. 17,000Intem-ao-‰¿ AIse ÿnXn-sN-øp∂Nnen-bpsS Xoc-Øp-t]mepw 2 ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ Xnc-am-e-Iƒ krjvSn®p F∂Xvkp\m-an-bpsS Du¿P-sØ-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.GXm≠v 20 cmPy-߃°v ap∂-dn-bn∏p\¬In-b-Xp-sIm≠v henb \mi-\-jvS-ßfn¬ \n∂pw Ah H-gn-hm-bn.

am¿®v 9˛\v 7.2 Xo{h-X-bp≈ qIºwCt∏m-gsØ {] -h-tI-{μ-Øn¬ \n∂pw40 Intem-ao-‰¿ AI-se-bmbn IS-en¬

D≠m-bn. h≥`q-I-º-Øn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn hym]vXn 6 D≈ aq∂p Ne-\-߃tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønbncp-∂p. ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≈ 1000 sskkvanIv tÃj-\p-Iƒ cmPy-Øn-ep-≠v. IS-en¬ qI-º-ap-≠m-bm¬ P\-ßsf Adn-bn-°m≥kpi-‡-amb ap∂-dn-bn∏p kwhn-[m-\-߃ \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xn-\m¬ F√m-X-e-ß-fn-te°pw IrXy-X-tbmsS ktμ-i-sa-Øn-°m\pw ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ FSp-°m\pwAh¿°p-km-[n-®p. CØcw Hcp h≥`qIºw ap≥Iq´n I≠v {]nXn-tcm[ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®-Xn-\m-emImw P∏m-\n¬ C∂-\p- -h-s∏- -Xn-t\-°mƒ h≥\mi-\-jvS-߃ D≠m-Im-™Xv F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥.

BW-h-dn-bm-IvS-dp-Iƒ _m≤y-X-bmbn

qI-ºsØ XpS¿∂v H\m-Khm BW-h-\n-e-b-Øn¬ h≥ Xo]n-Sp-Ø-ap-≠m-bn.`qI-º-Øn¬ ^p Ipjnabn¬ H∂m-asØ BW-h-\n-e-b-Ønse sshZypXn_‘w XI¿°-s∏- p. dnbm-IvS-dns‚tI{μ- mKw Aan-X-ambn NqSm-Ip-∂-Xp-X-S-bm≥ sh≈w ]ºp sNøp-∂XpwAtXmsS \ne-®p. Fa¿P≥kn P\-td-‰-dp-Iƒ {]h¿-Øn®p Ipd®p kabwsh≈w ]ºp-sN-bvsX-¶nepw ]n∂mseh∂ kp\m-an-Iƒ Ah-bpsS {]h¿-Ø\hpw kvXw`n∏n®p. ioXo-I-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v 2700C emWv ioXn-I-c-W-bq--Wn-‰ns‚ Xm]-\ne \n¿Øn-bn-

hS-°p-In-g-°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ ]e {]tZ-iØpwhyXy-kvX-k-a-b-ØmWvXnc-ame FØn-b-Xv. `qI-º-ap-≠mbn 30 an\n- n-\p-ti-j-amWv BZyBLmXw A\p- -h-s∏- -Xv. sk¥mbnFb¿t]m¿´n¬ 60 an\n- n-\p-ti-j-amWv Xnc-bpsSXmWvU-h-\rØw Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv. Xnc-am-e-bpsSDbcw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂XvXoc-Øns‚ BIr-Xn,Bgw F∂o- L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv. aq∂p \ne-sI- n-S-Øns‚ apIƒ`m-Kw-hscNne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ Xnc Cc-®p-I-b-dn. anbm-Kn,^pIpjna Pn√-I-fn¬GXm≠v 5 an\n‰p t\cwPe-hn-Xm\w Db¿∂p-X-s∂ -\n-∂p. k¿hXpwsh≈-Øn-\-Sn-bn-em-°n.

48 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

cp-∂-Xv. ]s£ ]ng-hp-Im-cWw Xm]-\ne12000C Bbn. CXv C‘-\sØ Dcp-°m≥ klm-bn-®p. \mep dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fpsS apI-fn-ep≈ IhNw Xs∂ s]m´n-sØdn®p ]pd-tØ°v han® ssl{U-P≥XpS¿ kvt^mS-\-߃ D≠m-°n AhnsSXo ]S¿∂p-s]mßn. kpc£m ap≥I-cp-X¬ F∂ \ne-bn¬ AWp-hn-In-c-W-ti-jn-bp≈ aqe-I-ß-fmb koknbw ˛ 137,Ab-Un≥ 131 sFtkm-tSm-∏p-I-f-S-ßnb\ocmhn Xpd∂p hn´p-. P\-߃ as‰mcpZpc¥ `oj-Wnsb t\cn- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. BWh \ne-b-Øn-\p 20Intem-ao-‰¿ Np‰≈hnep≈ P\-ßsfam‰n-∏m¿∏n-®Xpw Zpc-¥-Øns‚ hym]vXnIpd-bv°m≥ klm-bn-®p..

C∂v cmPy-߃ BWh \ne-b-߃°mbn s\tSm- -tam-Sp-tºmƒ kpc-£-sb-∏‰n IqSn Nn¥n®p thWw \S-]-Sn-IƒXpS-cm≥ F∂ i‡-amb Xm°o-Xp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Cu kw`hw \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

Zpc-¥-\n-hm-cW ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS{]k‡n

imkv{Xob ]T\w \SØn Zpc¥km[y-X-bp≈ {]tZ-i-߃ Xn´-s∏-Sp-ج, Xbm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ, ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ,{]mY-anI ip{iqj \¬Im-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-߃, tam°v {Un√p-Iƒ, ap∂-dn-bn∏pkwhn-[m-\-߃ k÷o-I-cn-°¬ F∂nhZpc-¥-e-Lq-I-c-W-]-≤-Xn-bpsS mK-am-Wv.Zpc-¥-ap-≠m-bm¬ Fßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-°-Ww, A]-I-S-Øn¬s]´hsc c£n-°-

Ww, Zpcn-Xm-izm-k-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-ØWw, F∂v c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw P\-ßfpw Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww. Zpc-¥-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Hcp aWn°-°q-dns\""tKmƒU≥ lh¿'' F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kabw H´pw ]mgm-°msX Zpcn-Xm-izmk {]h¿-Ø\w \S-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ hnhn[ GP≥kn-I-fmbsaUn-°¬, t]meo-kv, b¿ t^mgvkv,k∂-≤-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ F∂n-hsbGtIm-]n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp {]h¿-Ø-\-co-Xn-bmWv Bh-iyw. P∏m≥t]mep≈ cmPy-߃°v AXn¬ \√sshZ-Kv≤yap≠v. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂BLmXw Ipd-bv°m≥ Ah¿°m-bn- p-ap-≠v. Xoc-tZi-Øn-t\mSv hfsc ASp-Øp≈ Hcp {]tZ-i-ØmWv {]`-h-tI{μw F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v th≠{Xkabw Xbm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ°v e`n-®n- n-√.34751 Intem-ao-‰¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Xoc-tZ-i-ta-J-e-bm-Wv P∏m\p-≈-Xv. 12 ao‰¿Db-c-Øn-ep≈ IS¬ nØn-Iƒ (B‚nkp\man hmƒ) GXm≠v 40 iX-am\wXocØpw \n¿Ωn®n´p≠v. ]s£kp\man Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS Dbcw AXnepwIqSp-X-em-bn-cp-∂--Xp-sIm≠v aXn¬ NmSnFØp∂ {]Xo-Xn-bmWv an° ÿe-ß-fnepw I≠-Xv. IW-°p-Iq- -ep-Iƒ°vA∏pdw Imcy-߃ \S∂p F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥. qI-º-ßfpw kp\m-an-bpw \nXy-kw- -h-amb Cu cmPyØvBW-h-\n-e-b-߃ A[n-I-]-‰mtbmF∂pw tNmZy-ap-b-cp-∂p.

Zpc-¥-\n-hm-c-W-]-≤-Xn-bpsS{]k‡n tIc-f-Øn¬

`qI-º-km--[yX A\p-k-cn®v tIc-fsØ tkm¨ aq∂n¬ BWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. dnIvS¿ kvsIbn-en¬6.9 hsc Xo{h-X-bp≈ `qIºw hscChn-sS-bp-≠mImw F∂mWv CXns‚A¿∞w. _yqtdm Hm^v C≥Uy≥Ãmt‚¿Uv ]´n-I-{]-Imcw C≥Uy-bnse38 \K-c-{]-tZ-i-ßsf (A-º-Xp-e-£--Øn-e-[nIw P\-kw-Jy-bp-≈) kokvanIvtaJe III, IV, V F∂n-h-bn-emWvDƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. tIc-f-Ønseaq∂v {][m-\-s∏´ \K-c-ß-fmb Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, sIm®n, tImgn-t°mSv F∂nhtkm¨ III ¬ hcp∂p F∂Xp{]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-≠-Im-cy-am-Wv.tIcfw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Z£n-tW-¥y≥kwÿm-\-߃ C≥Uy≥ ^e-I-Øns‚ a≤y- m-KØv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xn-\m¬ P∏m-\n-ep-≈-Xp-t]me `ojWn\ap-°n√ F∂p Xd-∏n®p]d-bmw. e-I-߃ IqSnt®cp∂ mK-ß-fn¬ BWvIqSp-X¬ km[y-X. qI-º-km-[y-X-bp≈{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ CS-°nsS Ne-\-߃{]Xo-jn-°m-sa-¶nepw CsXmcp ÿnc-amb {]Xn- m-k-a-√. Ipan-™p-Iq-Sp∂a¿±w \n¿K-an-°p-tºmƒ Ne-\-ß-fpsSFÆhpw i‡nbpw Ipdbpw. F¶nepwHmtcm {]tZ-i-sØbpw `qI-º-߃°vHcp Bh¿Ø-\-{I-a-ap-≠m-Ipw. hfsckPo-h-amb qJ-WvU-ßfpsS AXn-cp-I-fn¬ Bh¿Ø\ kabw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-

imkv{X-KXn 49

°pw. (ln-am-eb ]¿h-X-ß-f-S-ßp∂{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \qdp h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ Hcp h≥ `qI-º-ap-≠m-Im≥ km-≤y-X-bp-s≠∂v Icp-Xp-∂p.) qJ-WvU-߃°p-≈n¬ IqSp-X¬ ZrV-X-bp≈{]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Bh¿Ø-\-k-abwBbn-c-°-W-°n\p h¿j-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.tIc-f-apƒs∏Sp∂ s]\n≥kpe {]tZiwXmc-X-tay\ ZrV-X-bp≈ ]cn-N-{]-tZ-iØmWv ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. alm-cm-jv{S-bnse em-Øq¿ {]tZ-i-Øp-≠mbh≥ `qIºw CXn-s\m-c-]-hm-Z-am-Wv.]t£ tIc-f-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ hn≈-ep-Iƒ D≠v. tIc-f-Ønsean° \Zn-I-fp-sSbpw KXn \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv eo\n-b-sa‚ v F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Cu\o≠ `qK¿ -hn-≈-ep-I-fm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \S∂ {]I-º-\-߃ CuZp¿_e taJ-e-Isf tI{μo-I-cn-®m-Wv.hfsc kPo-h-amb Hcp { wi-ta-J-e-bmWvs]cn-bm¿. Hcp iXm-_vZ-Øn-e-[nIw ]g-°-ap≈ ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ AW-s°´vÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv Cu hn≈-en\p Ipdp-sI-bmWv. henb `qIºw D≠m-In√F∂p A\p-am-\n-°m-sa-¶nepw \mwap≥I-cp -X -ep -Iƒ FSp -t°-≠-XvBhiyw Xs∂-bm-Wv. _wKmƒ Dƒ°-S-en¬ Hcp iX-am\w kp\m-ansb kw -hn-®n- p≈q F∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv. tIc-f-Xo-c-ßfn¬ kp\m-ansb kw -hn-®n- p-≈q F∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv. tIc-f-Xo-c-ßfn¬ kp\man D≠m-Im-\p≈ km≤yXt\cn-b-Xp-am-Wv. ]s£ 570 Intem-ao-‰¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ \ΩpsS Xoc-tZ-i-ta-J-e-bn¬ P\-km-{μX hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ Zpc¥w hcp-∂Xv ImØn-cn-°msX \nco-£-W-hpwap≥ Icp-X-ep-I-fpw ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-°m-\p≈ kwhn -[m-\hpw, {]mY-anIip{iqj \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\hpw {]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn¬ AXy¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Zpc-¥-km-≤yX Ipd®pwImcy-tijn h¿≤n-∏n®pw Zpc-¥-߃sIm≠p D≠m-Im-hp∂ \mi-\-jvS-߃Ipd-bv°pI GsXmcp \mSn-t‚bpw hnI-k-\-sØ klm-bn-°pw.

]≤-Xn-Iƒ Zpc-¥-hym]vXnh¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.

kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn t\m°n-bm¬G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ A]-ISw hcpØnhbv°m≥ t]mcp-∂-XmWv BWh dnbm-IvS-dp-Iƒ F∂v p°pjna Zpc¥w Xpd-∂p-Im-´p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂BW-h-\n-e-b-ß-fpsS kpc£ hfsc{]m[m\ya¿ln-°p∂p. BWh {]k-cWw aqew C∂p≠m-Ip∂ tZmj- -e-ßfpw AXn-t\-°mƒ hcpw Xe-ap-dbv°vD≠m-Im-hp∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-°qSnIW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-thWw CØcw BW-

h-\n-e-b-߃ ÿm]n-t°-≠-Xv. ]pXnb\ne-b-߃°v Hcp ]t£ anI® kpc-£m-{I-ao-I-c-W-߃ D≠m-Imw. ]t£am\p-jn-I-amb ]ng-hpw, cq]-I-ev]\sNøp-∂-Xn-\-∏p-d-ap≈ {]Ir-Xym-bp≈LS-I-ßfpw GXp ka-bØpw kpc-£bv°v oj-Wn-bm-Imw. C∂p qtem-I-Øp≈ \m∂qdv BWh \ne-b-ß-fpsS Real life frequency ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ A]-ISw F´p h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ Bh¿-Øn°mw F∂p-≈-XmWva\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. BWh Du¿Pw -BWv G‰hpw em -Icw F∂p ÿm]n-°m≥ 60 h¿jsØ {]h¿Ø\-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ]d-bpI Akm-[yam-Wv.

_Z¬ t{kmX- p-I-fpsS{]k‡n

\ap°v A`n-Imayw _Z¬ Du¿P-t{km-X- p-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. kutcm-¿PsØ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X-embn\mw B{i-bn-t°-≠n-h-cn-I. C∂p \ne-hn-ep≈ kmt¶-XnIhnZy-I-tf-°mƒsNe-hp-Ip-d™ coXn-I-fn¬ kutcm-¿Pw e`y-am-°m-\p≈ hnZy-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Wwimkv{X-⁄∑mcpsS ZuXyw. ta∑Gsd-bp-s≠∂v sIm n-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂BW-h-\n-e-b-ß-fpsS as‰mcp tZmjwIqSn p°p-jnam Zpc¥w \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. BW-h-\n-e-b-ß-fpsS kpc£h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\mbn Xs∂ hº≥ apX¬apS°v Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. p°p-jnaZpc¥w D≠m-°nb \jvSw 130 _n√y¨Ata-cn-°≥ tUmf-dmWv F∂v IW°m-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. C≥Uy-bpsS (Atomicliability law) B-Wh _m≤y-Xm-\n-b-a{]Imcw 330 an√y¨ Ata-cn-°≥tUmf¿ hsc-bp≈ _m[yX am{Xta

tIc-f-Ønse an° \Zn-I-fp-sSbpw KXn \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv eo\n-b-sa‚ vF∂p hnfn-°p∂ Cu\o≠ `qK¿`-hn-≈-ep-I-fm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \S∂{]I-º-\-߃ CuZp¿_e taJ-e-IsftI{μo-I-cn-®m-Wv. hfsckPo-h-amb Hcp {`wi-ta-J-e-bmWv s]cn-bm¿. HcpiXm-_vZ-Øn-e-[nIw ]g-°-ap≈ ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿AW-s°´v ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv Cu hn≈-en\pIpdp-sI-bmWv. henb`qIºw D≠m-In√ F∂pA\p-am-\n-°m-sa-¶nepw\mw ap≥I-cp-X-ep-IƒFSp-t°-≠-Xv BhiywXs∂-bm-Wv.

50 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

]cn-K-Wn°p. p°pjna A]-I-SsØXpS¿∂v dnbm-IvS-dns‚ 30 Intem-ao-‰¿Np‰-≈-hn-ep≈ 20,000 P\-ß-sf-bmWvam‰n ]m¿∏n-®-Xv Ft∂m¿°p-I. CuNp‰-≈-hn¬ temIsØ 21 πm‚p-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´pXs∂ Hcp Zi-e£wP\-ßfpw 3 πm‚p-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏ v6 Zi-e£w P\-ß-fpw ]m¿°p-∂p. P\-km-{μX A[n-I-ap≈ C≥Uy-bpsSÿnXn F¥mIpw F∂p Nn¥n-°m-hp-∂tX D≈q.

^p°pjna Zpc¥w Hcp ]p\¿Nn¥-\-Øn\v hgn-sbm-cp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \-ap°v ]g-a-bn-te°v Hcp Xncn-®p-t]m°vkm[y-a-√. AXp-sIm≠v _Z¬ Du¿Pt{kmX- p-Isf B[m-c-am-t°-≠Xpw{]k-cW \jvSw Ipdbv-°p-hm-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v ap≥Xq°w sImSp-°p-IbpwC≥Uy sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. 2008 se HcpIW-°p-{]-Imcw P¿Ω-\n, ssN\ apX-emb cmPy-ß-fpsS sshZypXn {]k-c-W-tØm--S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ \jvSw 5 apX¬6 hsc iX-am-\-am-sW-¶n¬ C≥Uy-bn¬23iX-am-\-amWvv. P∏m≥ Zpc-¥-Øns‚]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ BW-h-\n-e-b-߃L´w L -ambn Bcw`n®v 2022 BIp-tºmtg°pw BWh Du¿P-tØmSv hnS-]-d-bm≥ P¿Ω\n Xocp-am\n-®p. BW-thm¿Pa-√msX thsd hgn-bn-s√∂p]d™v aq∂mw-tem-I-cm-Py-߃t]mepwBW-h-\n-e-b-߃°v ]n∂mse t]mIp-tºm-gm-Wv 25 iX-am\w Ct∏mƒ BWhDu¿Pw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂ P¿Ω\n-bpsS Cu Xocp-am-\-sa∂v Hm¿°p-I.

CsX√mw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv C≥Uy-bpsS BWhDu¿P-\n-e-b-ß-fpsSkpc£ IqS-p-X¬ Imcy--£-a-am-°W--sa∂pw ]pXnb \ne-b-߃ Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv cmPy-Øn\v KpWw sNøn-√ F∂p-am-Wv.

C≥Uy ]mT-am-t°-≠Xv`qN-e-\ -ßfpw kp\m-an -Ifpw

temIØv h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw AXp-≠m-°p∂ \mi-\-jvS-߃s]cp-Ip∂p F∂p-amWv 1700 apX¬\S∂ Zpc-¥-ß-fpsS FÆw hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ ImWp-∂-Xv. 2000- 2010 Ime-b-f-hn¬ AXv ]mc-ay-X-bn¬ FØn.am{X-a√ qN-e-\-ap-≠m-In√ F∂v ]≠vhne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-cp∂ alm-cm-jv{S-bnseemØq¿ t]mse-bp≈ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬{]I-º-\-ap-≠m-Ip-I-bpw, kp\m-an-km-[yX Xosc-bn-√mØ C¥y≥ kap-{Z-Øn¬ Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw henbkp\m-an-I-fn¬ HscÆw Unkw-_¿2004¬ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX kml-N-cy-Øn¬ temI cmjv{S-߃ CØcw{]IrXn Zpc-¥-ßsf \n m-c-ambn X≈n-°-f-b-cpXv F∂ kqN-\-bmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. `qI-ºw, Npg-en-°m-‰v, kp\manF∂o {]IrXnt£m -߃ Bh¿Øn-®p-≠m-Ip∂ P∏m-\n¬ C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bpsS kpJ-tem-ep-]X e£yw h®v\n¿an® BW-h-dn-bm-IvS-dp-Iƒ t]mseA]-I-S-km-[y-X-bp≈ h≥In-S-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv \ymb-amtWm F∂tNmZyw temI-P-\X N¿®-sN-tø-≠-Xm-Wv. kp\m-an-Zp-c¥waqew D≠m-b -\-jvS-Øns‚ hym]vXn P∏m-\n¬ Ipd-bv°m-\m-sb--¶nepw a\pjy \n¿an-X-ambZpc-¥sØ ssIImcyw sNøm-\p≈tijn tNm¿∂p-t]m-bn. CXns‚ ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ temI-cm-jv{S-ß-sf√mwBW-h-dn-bm-IvS¿t]mse A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmb h≥ ]≤-Xn-Isf C\nbpw IqSp-X-¬ Ah-ew-_n-°msXbpw C∂v D≈-hbv°v kpc-£m-{I-ao-I-c-W-߃ i‡-am-°Ww F∂ ]mT-amWv \mw Dƒs°m-t≈-≠-Xv.

kqN\:

Atul H.Chokshi (2011) Fukushima: In-dia at cross roads, current science, Vol. 100,No.11, pp 1603.

http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110421/full/472400a.htm

http: //www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/31/

us-tepco-compensationid USTRE72U069-20110331

teJ-I≥ Ccn-ßm-e-°pS ss{IÃvtImtf-Pnse Atkm. s{]m^- ¿ &tIm. Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ (Un-km-ÿ amt\-Pvsa‚ v t{]m{Kmw) BWv.

2000-˛2010 Ime-b-f-hn¬AXv ]mc-ay-X-bn¬FØn. am{X-a√ `qN-e-\-ap-≠m-In√ F∂v ]≠vhne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-cp∂alm-cm-jv{S-bnseemØq¿ t]mse-bp≈{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ {]I-º-\-ap-≠m-Ip-I-bpw, kp\m-an-km-[yX Xosc-bn-√mØC¥y≥ kap-{Z-Øn¬Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpwhenb kp\m-an-I-fn¬HscÆw Unkw-_¿2004¬ D≠m-Ip-IbpwsNbvX kml-N-cy-Øn¬temI cmjv{S-߃CØcw {]IrXn Zpc-¥-ßsf \n m-c-ambn X≈n-°-f-b-cpXv F∂ kqN-\-bmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 51imkv{X-KXn 51

hnI-k\whn.-sI. Pbvtkm-a-\m-Y≥

imkv{X-KXn 51

`mc-X-Ønse h¿[n®p hcp∂ \K-c-h-XvI-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v 2011-˛se P\-kwJym IW-°p-Ifpw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xmbn Pqsse 21- s‚ F°-tWm-anIvssSwkv dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.Ign™ 10 h¿jw- sIm≠v \Kc P\-kwJy 32 iX-am\w IqSn. F∂m¬{KmaoW P\-kw-Jy-bpsS h¿[-\hv 12

iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. C¥y-bpsSsX°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ambn 35 iX-am\w`mKhpw \K-c-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏´p Ign-™p.4 kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ {KmaoW P\-kwJyIpd-™p. 2001- se P\-kwJy IW-s°-Sp-∏n-\p-tijw Xs∂ cmPyØv ]pXnb{Kma-ß-tf-°mƒ ]pXnb \K-c-ß-fpsSFÆw IqSn-bn-cp-∂p. 2279 {Kma-ßsf

At]-£n®v 2774 \K-c-߃. 2001˛\p-tijw P\-kwJy 18.14 tImSn h¿[n®p.CXn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[nIw AXm-bXv 9.1tImSn \Kc P\-kw-Jy-bm-Wv. samØwP\-kw-Jy-bn¬ \Kc P\-kw-Jy-bpsS]¶v 28.81 iX-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw 31.16

iX-am-\-ambn h¿[n-®p. kmº-ØnIcwK-Øp-≠mb am‰-ß-fm-Wn-Xn\v Imc-W-sa∂v F°-tWm-anIv ssSwkv ]d-bp-∂p.

3 iX-am-\-Ønepw Ipd-hmWv Im¿jnItaJ-e-bnse hf¿®m-\n-c-°v. F∂m¬hymh-km-bn-I-˛-tk-h\ taJ-e-bnse

hf¿®m \nc°v CXns‚ aq∂v Cc- n-bnepw A[n-I-am-Wv.

hyh-km-b-ß-fpw, tkh-\-ta-J-e-bp-sam-s°-Øs∂ Im¿jn-I- ta-J-e-

bn¬\n∂mWv ]ndhn FSp-°p-∂-Xv. \K-c-ß-fn-en-Xn\v cq]-am‰w kw -hn-°p-∂p.kmº-ØnI hyh-ÿ-bn¬ Im¿jn-tI-X-

c-ta-J-e-bpsS ]¶v IqSp-t¥mdpw CutaJ-e-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw\K-c-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw

FÆhpw h¿[n-°p-∂p. `mcXw 9 iX-am\w hf¿®m-\n-c°v ssIh-cn®p F∂p-]-d-bp-∂Xv hymh-km-bn-I- -tk-h-\-ta-J-e-

I-fpsS _e-Øn-em-Wv. k¿°m¿ {KmaoWkºZv hyh-ÿsb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂\b kao-]-\-߃ ssIs°m-≈m-ØXv

as‰mcp Imc-W-am-Wv. CXns‚sbms°^e-ambn kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \K-c-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ tXmXv IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw.

\K-c-Øn¬ P\n-°p∂ inip-°-fpsSFÆw IqSp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠√ \Kc P\-kwJy h¿[n-°p-∂-Xv. IpSn-tb-‰amWv

Imc-Ww. {KmaoW taJ-e-bn¬ hne-°-b-‰-hpw sXmgn-en-√m-bvabpw cq£-am-hp-I-bpw, Im¿jn-I-ta-Je XI-cp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ \n¬°-°-≈n-bn-√msX sXmgn¬tXSn {Kmao-W¿ \K-c-ß-fn-te°v tNt°-dp-∂p. Aßs\ \K-c-Øn-se-Øp∂

\K-c-h-XvI-cWw

Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hnfntIc-f-Ønse \KchXvI-cWw C≥Uy-bnse s]mXp-\n-c-°n-t\-°mƒIqSp-X-em-Wv. P\-kwJy h¿[n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. {KmaoW P\-kwJymhf¿®m \nc-°v- 26 iX-am-\-am-sW-¶n¬ \K-c-Øn-t‚Xv 93 BWv.2001- ¬ tIc-f-Ønse \Kc P\-kwJy 25 iX-am-\-ambncp∂Xv2011- ¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ 48 iX-am-\-ambn Db¿∂p.

52 sk]vXw-_¿ 201152

tImSn-°-W-°mb P\-߃°mh-iy-ambASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°m≥ Ign-bmsX \Kcw ho¿∏p-ap- p-∂p. aeo-a-k-amb tNcn-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-∂p. ]cn-kc aen-\o-I-cWw henb {]iv\-am-hp-Ibpw tcmK-߃ \nb-{¥n-°m-\m-hmsX hcn-IbpwsNøp-∂p. Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fpsS FÆw IqSp-∂p. Zmcn-{Zyw, sXmgn-en-√m-bva, \nc-£-c-X, _me-the XpS-ßnb kmaqly {]iv\-߃ thsd-bpw.

tIc-f-Ønse \KchXvI-cWwC≥Uy-bnse s]mXp-\n-c-°n-t\-°mƒIqSp-X-em-Wv. P\-kwJy h¿[n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. {KmaoW P\-kwJym hf¿®m\nc-°v- 26 iX-am-\-am-sW-¶n¬ \K-c-Øn-t‚Xv 93 BWv. 2001- ¬ tIc-f-Ønse\Kc P\-kwJy 25 iX-am-\-ambncp∂Xv2011- ¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ 48 iX-am-\-ambnDb¿∂p.

a‰p ]e-Xn-s‚bpw t]cn-se-∂-t∏mse \K-c-h-XvI-c-Whpw cmPysØD≈ Irjn- qan IqSn Ih¿s∂-Sp-°p∂Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v Imcy-߃ sNs∂-Øn°p-∂p. kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw, {]t£m--ß-fpw tIkpw tImSXn CS-s]-S-ep-sam-

s°-bp-≠m-hpw. F∂m¬ ASn-ÿm\tNmZyw {KmaoW kºZv hyh-ÿsbsa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ \b kao-]-\-

߃ tI{μ kwÿm\ Kh-s◊‚p-IƒssIs°m-≈ptam F∂-Xm-Wv. {KmaoWhnI-k-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ {i≤n-°m-\pw,F√m-h¿°pw, {]tXy-In®v ]m¿iz-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏- -h¿°v A¿l-am-bXv th≠ka-bØpXs∂ e`n-°p∂p F∂p-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm\pw Kh-s◊‚pw cmjv{Sob]m¿´n-Ifpw ap≥KW \¬Ip-IbpwGtIm-]n-X-amb kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw thWw. Xt±i kzbw-`-cWÿm]-\-߃°v IqSp-X¬ ≠pw A[n-Im-c-ßfpw \¬Im≥ tI{μ k¿°mcpw_lp- q-cn-]£w hcp∂ kwÿm\ Kh-s◊‚p-Ifpw Ct∏mgpw Xbm-dm-bn- n-√.

{KmaoW taJ-e-bn¬ ASn-ÿm\kuI-cy-߃ h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kXz-c-amb {i≤ sNep-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-I-cWw Bflm¿∞-X-tbmsS \S-∏n-em-°m\pw P\-ß-sf-°qSnAXn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m\pw km[n-°-Ww. hnI-k-\-t\- -߃ PmXn- -aX ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ°-Xo-X-ambn P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sSbpw kpXm-cy-X-tbm-sSbpwIogvØ- n-se-Øp∂p F∂p-d-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. F¶nte \K-c-ß-fn-te-°p≈ IpSn-tb-‰-hpw \K-c-h-XvI-c-W-hpw tNcn-Iƒh¿[n-°p-∂-Xp-sams° Hcp ]cn-[n-h-sc-sb-¶nepw XS-bm-\m-Iq.

hn⁄m-\-Øns‚]pØ-≥ taJ-e-I-f-dn-bm≥

imkv{X-tI-cfw

sslkvIqƒ {]mb-°m-cmb

Ip´n-Iƒ°pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°pw

A[ym-]-I¿°pw Adn-bm\pw

kq£n-®p-h-bv°m-\p-ap-X-Ip∂

imkv{X-am-knI

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 125 cq]

hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃°v

amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿imkv{X-tI-cfw

]cn-jZv h≥, Nme-∏pdwtImgn-t°mSv - 673002t^m¨: 0495 2701919

imkv{X-KXn 53imkv{X-KXn 53

]pkvX-I-]-cn-NbwkXojv B¿. sF.-B¿.-Sn.-kn.

hm´¿ B≥Uv sUh-e-∏vsa‚ v, {Intb-‰nwKv {Ko≥ IΩyq-Wn-‰okv (Water andDevelopment, Creating Green Commu-nities) F∂ Acp¨ Unkq-k-bpsS]pkvXIw Hcp ]pXnb hmb-\m-\p- -h-am-Wv {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xv. alm-cm-jv{S-bnse Al-Ω-Z v\ -K¿ Pn√-bn¬ZpjvI¬Zmcn F∂ {Kma-Øn¬ C≥tUmP¿Ω≥ t{]mP-IvSmbpw ]n∂oSv\_m¿Uns‚ [\-k-lm-b-tØmsSbpw\S-Ønb hm´¿sjUv hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-bpsS hna¿i-\m-flI ]T-\-amWv]pkvX-I-Øns‚ {]Xn-]mZy hnj-bw.ZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bnse {KmaoW ]uc-k-aqlw BZ¿im-fl-I-amb coXn-bn¬{]IrXn hn`h kwc-£-W-Øn\v {]Ya]cn -K -W\ \¬Ip∂, hnI-k-\-Øn\pth≠n \ne-sIm-≈p∂ lcnX]uc-k-aq-l-am-sW∂ ]cn-Iev]-\sbXs‚ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS X≈n-°-f-bp-I-bmWv {KŸ-I¿Ømhv {io. Acp¨Unkq-k. \K-c-hm-kn-I-sf-t]msekz¥w XmXv]cy-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-amWv {KmaoW ]uc-k-aq-lhpw AXnseAwK-ßfpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv F∂vCXn-eqsS ÿm]n-°p∂p.

ZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bnse hm´¿sjUvt{]mPIvSv \n¿h-l-W-Øn\v klm-bIGP≥kn Bbn {]h¿Øn-®Xv sPkyq v]mXn-cn -am¿ \S-Øp∂ tkmjy¬sk‚¿ F∂ F≥.-Pn.H Bbn-cp-∂p.]≤Xn \n¿h-l-W-Øns‚ apJy Npa-

Xe, \o¿ØS {Kma-k- -bn¬ \n∂pwsXc-s™-SpØ hnt√Pv hm´¿sjUvIΩ-‰n°v (hn.-U-ªyq.kn) -B-bn-cp-∂p.12 AwK-ß-fp≈ hn.-U-ªyq.knbv°v{]kn-U‚pw sk{I- -dnbpw JPm≥PnbpwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hn.-U-ªyq.kn icn-bmbP\-Iob {]mXn-\n-[y-ap≈Xpw \o¿ØShnI-k\ Bi-b-ß-tfmSv ]q¿W {]Xn-_-≤X ]pe¿Øp∂Xpamb ÿm]\wBtWm-sb-∂mWv c≠mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

ZpjvI¬Zmcn ˛ Hcp tcJmNcn{Xw

P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ 83.2% adm-Øm hn`m-K-°m¿ BWv. 4.4% Fkv.Sn hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Xm°¿amcpw _m°n ]´n-I-Pm-Xn-°m-cmb al¿Ifpw BWv. 578.8an.ao BWv hm¿jnI ag, InW¿ P-e-tk-N\w am{Xta D≈q. _Pvd, tNmfw,D≈n F∂n-hbmWv hnf-Iƒ. ZpjvIm¬-Zmcn hUvKm-hn¬ F∂o c≠p {Kma-ß-fmWv ]©m-b-Øn¬ hcp -∂-Xv .ZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bn¬ icm-icn IpSpw-_-Øns‚ `qhn-kvXrXn 1.04 slIvS¿BWv. 60% P\-߃ 1 slIvSdn¬ Xmsg`qan-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. hUvKm-hn¬ icm-icn`qhn-kvXrXn 0.75 slIvS¿ BWv. 74.4%0˛1 slIvS¿ `qan -bp -≈-h-cm -Wv.ZpjvI¬Zmcn Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]m¿W¿Xmeq°v 1962 hsc Iayq-WnÃv Fw.-F¬.F D≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿe-am-Wv. kl-I-cW kwL-ßfn-eqsS tIm {K- nsehnhn[ {Kq∏p-Iƒ ]n∂o-S-tßm v Chn-SsØ cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ A[o-iXzw t\Sn.an°-hmdpw F√m IpSpw-_-ØnepwXmgv∂ X´n-ep≈ Hcp k¿°m¿ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ D≠v. Ch-cn¬ \s√mcp ]¶v]qs\ t]mep≈ ASp-Øp≈ \K-c-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw {Kma-Øn-ep≈Xß-fpsS `qan-bn¬ B[p-\nI kuI-cy-߃ (In-W-dp-Iƒ, tIm¨{Io‰v hoSp-Iƒ apX-em-b-h) D≠m°p-IbpwsNøp∂p. \K-c-Øns‚ AtX Zni-bn¬

ZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bnse

{KmaoW ]uc-k-aqlw

alm-cm-jv{S-bnse Al-Ω-Zv\-K¿ Pn√-bnse ZpjvI¬Zmcn {Kma-Øn¬ C≥tUmP¿Ω≥ t{]mP-IvSmbpw ]n∂oSv \_m¿Uns‚ [\-k-lm-b-tØmsSbpw \S-Ønbhm´¿sjUv hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-bpsS hna¿i-\m-flI ]T-\-amWv "hm´¿ B≥UvsUh-e-∏vsa‚ v, {Intb-‰nwKv {Ko≥ IΩyq-Wn-‰okv'F∂ ]pkvXIw.

54 sk]vXw-_¿ 201154

imkv{X-K-Xnsb

kw_-‘n®

A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw

IØp-Ifpw

FUn-‰¿

imkv{X-K-Xn, ]cn-jZv h≥,

IpXn-c-h´w sebv≥,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001

Csa-bn¬ : kssptvpm@yahoo.comF∂ hnem-k-Ønepw

hcn-kwJy, ]cm-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh

amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿

]cn-j-Zv -h≥,

Nme-∏pdw ]n.-H.,

tImgn-t°mSv 2

Csa-bn¬ :

ksspmagazine@gmail.comF∂ hnem-k-Ønepw

Ab-bv°pI

Xs∂-bmWv {Kmahpw hnI-kn-°p-∂-sX∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw.

C¥y≥ {KmaoW kaqlw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Hcp Ah-tem-I\w

""C¥y≥ {KmaoW ]uc-k-aq-l-߃\ncp-]-{Z-h-ambn tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw AhIng-°ns‚ GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ mK-am-Wv. AXv a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ G‰hpwsNdnb tImº- n-te°v Npcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXp-hgn Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Du¿P-Øns‚ F√m km[y-X-I-tfbpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂p. B {Kma-k-aq-l-߃ PmXn-hy-Xym-k-hpw ASn-a-Øhpw sIm≠v aen-\o-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p'' ˛ Imd¬am¿Ivkv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ C¥ybnse kzbw-]-cym]vX {Kma-߃°v sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-Øns\ {]Xn-tcm[n-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂vKm‘nPn Icp-Xn. sImtfm-Wn-b-enkwkzbw-]-cym]vX {Kma-ß-sfbpw Ahn-SpsØ kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-ambkºZv hyh-ÿ-sbbpw XI¿Øp-sh-∂vAt±lw hniz-kn-®p. _olm-dnseNºm-c≥ Dƒs∏sS {KmaoW I¿j-IsctI{μo-IrX A[n-Imc hyh-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v c£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-c-߃°vAt±lw t\XrXzw \¬In. ]t£,Awt_-Zv°¿ {KmaoW kaq-lsØA‘X-bpsS Xmh-f-am-bmWv IcpXn-b-Xv. {Kmao-Ws‚ Nn¥-Isf \ho-I-cn-°m\pw Abm-fpsS kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Isf sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-am-bmWv Iayq-Wn‰n sUh-e-∏vsa‚ v ]≤-Xn-Iƒ hgns\lvdp {ian®-Xv. hy‡n-Iƒ B[p-\n-I-cm-h-W-sa-¶n¬ ]gb IΩyq-Wn‰nkv]ncn‰v If™v ]c-am-h[n em -ap-≠m-°p-∂-h-cmbn amd-Ww. Cu B[p-\nIhXvI-cW Bibw C¥y≥Kh¨sa‚ns‚ {Kma-hn-I-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS {][m\ [mc-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1995¬ {Kma-hn-I-k\ ]cn-]mSn DZvLm-S\wsNbvXp-sIm≠v {Kma-hn-I-k\ a{¥n.F-kv.-sI.tU ]d™p {Kmao-W¿ A‘-Im-c-Øn-epw, Ae-k-X-bnepw NSp-eXC√m-bva-bnepw 1000 h¿j-ambn B≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv. {Kma-hn-I-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsSe£yw Ahsc \ap°v e`n-®n-cn-°p∂kzmX-{¥yØns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-sfbpw km[y-X-I-sfbpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn 5,56,000 {Kma-ßsf ]p\¿\n¿an-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu ]≤Xnbn-eqsSP\m-[n-]Xy cmPysØ Hcp amXrIm a\p-jys\ ITn-\m-[zm-\nbpw hniz-kvX\pwB[p-\nI\pambn krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\vhn`m-h\w sNøp-∂p.

F∂m¬ {]IrXn hn -h-\miw, Nph-∏p-\m-S, Agn-a-Xn, {KmaoW Zmcn{Zywh¿[n-°p-∂-Xv, 100 cq] sNe-h-gn-°p-tºmƒ 16 cq] am{Xw KpW-t`m-‡m-hn-

se-Øp-∂Xv XpS-ßn-bh s\{lp-hn-b≥tamU¬ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ t]mcm-bva-bm-bn. kzm¿∞ em -t{]-cn-X-amb, ]W-Øn\pw kpJ-Øn\pw th≠n-bp-ffA‘-amb ]m®n¬ {Kmao-Wsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw IqSp-X¬ A]-I-S-I-c-ambn. cPv\n-tIm-Øm-cn, Ajnjv \μnXpS-ßnb Nn¥-I¿ al-Xz-]q¿W-ambkzbw- -c-W-Øns‚ ]mc-ºcyw {KmaoWC¥y-bn¬ Ct∏mgpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂v IcpXp-∂p.

hnI-k\ {]Xn-k-‘nbpw{KmaoW kaq-lhpw

hnI-knX cmPy-߃ hnI-kn-®XvAh hnI-k-\-Øns‚ tI{μ-߃ Bbnamdn-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv kao-]-Øp≈Ahn-I-knX {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈hn -h-߃ NqjWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWvAh hnI-kn-®-Xv. ]©m-_nse lcnXhnπ-hsØ∏‰n hμ-\-inh Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. ""sNdp-InS I¿j-I¿ t\cn´vKh¨sa‚pw hn]-Wn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂p. adp-h-iØv A{I-ahpw a’-chpwaq¿®n-∏n-°p-∂p. lcnX hnπ-h-Øns‚]mcn-ÿnXnI {]Xn-k‘n sshhn-[y-ßsf C√m-Xm-°n. {]mtZ-inI `cWhyh-ÿsb Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. CXvI¿j-Is‚ ssZ\w-Zn\ Im¿jnI{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ apI-fn¬\n-∂p≈tI{μo-IrX \nb-{¥Ww sIm≠p-h-∂p.F∂m¬ ]uc-k-aq-l-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ hn`h ]cn-]m-e\w k¿°m-cn-t‚Xnt\°mƒ sa®-s∏- -Xm-sW∂vI≠p. F≥.-Pn.-H.-Iƒ°v {]mapJyw e`n-®Xv Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv.''

hcƒ®bpw hnI-k-\hpwZpjvI¬Zm-cn -bn¬ CS-bv°nsS

ISpØ hcƒ® A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. 1995¬ shdpw 155 an.ao BWv (tI-c-f-Øn-te-Xns‚ GXm≠v 20 ¬ H∂v) -agbmWve`n -®-Xv. kzmX-{¥y-Øn\pap≥]vhcƒ® ISpØ Zmcn{Zyw D≠m-°nbn-cp-∂p. samØ-Øn-ep≈ hnI-k\wImcWw Ct∏mƒ Zmcn-{Zy-an-√. 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZyw k¿ hntiz-iz-c-ø-bpsS\n¿_-‘-Øn¬ {_n´o-jv c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Irjn-°m¿°v Icn-ºp-Ir-jn°vHcp {]tXyI Af-hn¬ sh≈w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-®p. CXmWv Al-Ω-Zv\-K¿ Pn√sb henb ]©-kmc DXv]m-Z\ tI{μ-am°n hf¿Ønb-Xv.

kl-I-cW {]ÿm\w1949¬ BZysØ ]©-kmc

^mIvSdn ÿm]n-X-am-bn. kl-I-cW]©-kmc mIvS-dn-IfpsS FÆ-Øn¬alm-cm-jv{S-bn¬ c≠mw ÿm\-amWvAl-ΩZv \K¿ Pn√-bv°v. \ma-am-{X-ambPe-tk-N\ kwhn-[m\w ImcWw Icn-

imkv{X-KXn 55imkv{X-KXn 55

ºns‚ DXv]m-Z\w Ipd-hmWv. CXp-ImcWw an° ^mIvS-dn-I-fpw \∂mbn{]h¿Øn-°p-∂n-√. hnP-b-I-c-ambn {]h¿-Øn-°p∂ ]©-kmc mIvS-dnbpw Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cy-hp-ambn t\cn v _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cy-an-√m-Ø-h¿ ISpØ \ncm-i-bn-embn.sh≈w e`y-am-°n-bm¬ F{X Icn-ºp-th-W-sa-¶nepw DXv]m-Zn-∏n®v Xß-fpsS^mIvS-dnsb em`-Øn-seØn°mwF∂mWv I¿j-I¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

lcn-X-k-aqlw anYybpwbmYm¿∞yhpw

lcnX hnI-k\ ]cn -I-ev]\apt∂m´p hbv°p-∂Xv Hcp lcnXkaqlw {]IrXn hn -h-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\pw hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-ambnap≥ssI FSp°psa-∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ta¬∏-d™ kaq-l-Øns‚ \ne-\nev]n-s\-∏‰n hnI-k\ hnZ-Kv[¿ kwi-bm-ep-°fm-Wv. GsX√mw hn[-Øn-emWv HcpkwLw Bfp-Iƒ Xß-fpsS hn h kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn apt∂m´p hcp-∂Xv?Zu¿e`yw am{X-amtWm CXn\v Ahsct{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv? Zu¿e`yw XßfpsSa‰v hyXym-k-߃ adn-I-S∂v {]IrXnhn`h kwc-£Ww apt∂m´p sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ Ahsc t{]cn-∏n-°ptam?s]mXp hn`h kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn P\-߃ Fßs\ {]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂v a\- n-em-°m-\mbn ÿm]\ kmº-ØnIimkv{X-Øns‚ kn≤m-¥-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ ChnsS {KŸ-Imc≥ apXn-cp-∂p. ]pdsa \n∂p≈ kΩ¿±w D≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ bp‡nt_m[ap≈ kzm¿∞XXv]c-cmb hy‡n-Iƒ s]mXp Xmev]-cyw kwc£n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°n-√. lm¿Un≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Hcp kwLwCS-b-∑m¿ ]cn-an-X-amb Hcp s]mXpta®n¬ ÿew Fßs\ ssIImcywsNøp-sa∂pw lm¿Un≥ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. HmtcmcpØcpw Xß-fpsS BSp-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-∏n®v ]c-am-h[n em`wt\Sm≥ {ian-°p-∂p. CXv Ah-km\wB s]mXp-ta-®n¬ ÿe-Øns‚ \mi-Øn¬ Iemin-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ t\m_¬ tPXm-hmb Fen-\¿ Hkvt{Smw AS-°-ap≈h¿ Cu \ncm-im-hmZw F√m Imcy-Ønepw icn-b-s√∂vkn≤m-¥n-°p-∂p. Hcp s]mXp-hn-`hw]¶p-hbv°p∂ hy‡n-Iƒ AXp \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ Hcp ZqjnX hrØ-Øn¬IpSp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, hy‡n-Iƒ°v X߃ AI-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ ta¬∏-d™ A¶-em-∏p-≠m-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v]pdØp IS-°m-\p-≈ Ignhv kml-N-cy-߃ A\p-k-cn®v amdp--∂p-sh∂pwHkvt{Smw hmZn-°p-∂p. hn`h timj-W-

Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ hy‡-ambn\n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw CXp-hgn D≠m-Ip∂ lo\-^e߃ F√m-h¿°pwt_m[y-am-Ip-tºmgpw Ah¿ hn`h D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \nb-a-ß-fn-te°pw \n_-‘-\-I-fn-te°pw amdm≥Xbm-dm-hp-∂p.

hy‡n-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n em -ap-≠m-°m≥ {ian°p∂hcm-sW∂ \nco-£-W-tØmSv _me‚ v, πmt‰¨ F∂n-hcpwtbmPn-°p-∂n-√. hy‡n-Iƒ Imcy-߃]q¿Wambn Adn-bm-Ø-h-cpw, sX‰p-]-‰m≥km[y-X-bp-≈hcpw, kmw-kvIm-cn-I-ambn\nb-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw {lkz-ImeXmev]-cyhpw Zo¿L-Ime Xmev]-cyhpwXΩn¬ _‘n-∏n®v ap≥K-W\ \n›-bn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-cp-am-sW∂v Ch¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. \o¿ØS hnIk\w P\-ß-fp-sS Pohn-X-sØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-XmWv Cuhn -h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]uc-k-aqlw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v Imc-Ww.lcn-X-k-aql krjvSn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´aq∂p-Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv ChnsS ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bXv. 1) lcnX ]uc-k-aqlwanØp-I-fn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv,2) o¬Uv kμ¿i-\-ßfpw Zriy-h-XvI-c-Whpw Fßs\ Hcp amXr-Im- ]uc-k-aq-lsØ {]Xy-£-s∏-SpØp-∂p, 3)cmjv{Sob _‘-߃ Fßs\ kmaqly_‘-ß-fpsS {]Xy-£- `mKam-Ip∂p,F∂nh. ]uc-k-aq-lw anØp-I-fn-eqsSFßs\ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v

Is≠-Øm-\mbn C≥tUm P¿-Ω≥hm´¿sjUv ]≤Xn Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xn\vapºv {Kma-Øn¬ \S∂ Hcp s]¿-sIm-te-j≥ Sm¶ns‚ \n¿am-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´Xpw CS-bv°nsS {Kmao-W¿ Ab-hnd-°p∂Xpamb Hcp kw`h IY ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I-bmWv Chn-sS. Sm¶v \n¿am-W-Øn-\mbn P\-߃ Xß-fpsS a‰vhyXymkß-sf√mw am‰n-h®v H‰-s°- mbnAWn-\n-c-∂p-sh∂mWv IY. ZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bnse lcnX kaql \n¿anXnbv°v DZm-l-c-W-ambn Cu IY CS-bv°nsSBh¿Øn-°p-∂p≠v. CXns\ Cg-Iodn]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ {KŸ-Im-c≥ {ian-°p∂p.

1973- 74 Ime-Øv {Km-aØn¬ sshZyp-XnFØn-sb--¶nepw ]ºp-Iƒ°vsshZypXn e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√. ]ºpIƒ°vsshZypXn e`n® ASpØ {Kma-ØnseP\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kº¿°-Øn¬ Ce-Iv{Sn-kn‰n FIvk-nIyq- ohv F©n-\o-b¿°vssI°qen \¬In-bm¬ sshZypXn e`n-°psa∂v a\ nem-bn. Fw.-F¬.-F-bn¬kΩ¿±w IqSn sNep-Ønb-t∏mƒsshZypXn e`n-®p. CXp ImcWw Pe-tk-N\w A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-´p. ImfbpwsXm´nbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Znhkw AcG°¿ \\-®n-cp-∂ ÿm\Øv 2.5 G°¿\\-bv°m≥ km[n-®p. CXv DXv]m-Z\whenb tXmXn¬ h¿[n-∏n-®p. {Kma-]©mb-Ønse kvIqƒ So®-dpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ASpØ {Kma-Øn¬ Ce-Iv{Sn-kn‰n h∂Xv hgn-bp-≠m-b A`n-hr-

\ma-am-{X-amb Pe-tk-N\ kwhn-[m\w ImcWw Icn-ºns‚ DXv]m-Z\w Ipd-hmWv. CXp-ImcWw an°^mIvS-dn-I-fpw \∂mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂n-√. hnP-b-I-c-ambn {]h¿-Øn-°p∂ ]©-kmc ^mIvS-dnbpw Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cy-hp-ambn t\cn´v _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.sh≈w e`y-am-°n-bm¬ F{X Icn-ºp-th-W-sa-¶nepwDXv]m-Zn-∏n®v Xß-fpsS ^mIvS-dnsb em`-Øn-seØn°mw F∂mWv I¿j-I¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

56 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

≤n- I≠Xm-Wv Aßs\ kº-Øn-\p≈hni∏v P\-ß-fn¬ D≠m-°n-b-Xv. Ce-Iv{Sn-kn‰n D]-tbm-Kn®v InW-dp-Ifn¬\n∂v Pe-tk-N\w hym]-I-am-bt∏mƒInW-dp-Iƒ s]s´∂v h‰p∂ AhÿD≠m-bn. s]m¿s°m-te-j≥ Sm¶v \n¿an-Xn-bn¬ InW-dp-Iƒ doNm¿÷v sNøp-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ \mƒ Pe-tk-N-\-Øn\vsh≈w e n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu B{K-l-amWv Sm¶v \n¿am-W-Øn\v AWn-tN-cm≥ ZpjvI¬Zm-cnbnse `qhp-Sa-Isft{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. CXv ÿew Fw.-F¬.-F.sbbpw a‰pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒSm¶v \n¿amW km[yX sXfn-™p.F∂m¬ Sm¶v \n¿an-°p-∂Xphgn ÿew\jvS-s∏-Sp∂ {Kmam-Xn¿Øn-bn-ep≈ qhp-S-a-Iƒ ÿew Fw.-]n-bn¬ kzm[o\wsNep-Øn Sm¶v \n¿amWw \n¿Øn-h-bv∏n-°m≥ {ian-®p. F∂m¬ ASpØ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Sm¶v A\p-Iq-en-bmb Fw.-F¬.F ÿew Fw.-]n.-B-bn. ho≠pwSm¶v \n¿ΩmW km[yX sXfn-™p.FXn¿°p-∂-h¿ tImS-Xnsb kao-]n®v\n¿amWw \n¿Øn hbv∏n-®p. Sm¶n-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn kΩ¿±w sNep-Øp∂Xn\mbnZpjvI¬Zm-cn-bnse apgp-h≥ P\-ßfpwtN¿∂v Al-ΩZv \K¿ t_mws_sslth XS-™p-sIm≠v kacw sNbvXp.Cu kw`hw lcn-X-hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p≈P\-ß-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bmbn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. IY-bn¬ ]dbp-∂-Xp-t]mseF√m-hcpw Sm¶n-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn AWn-\nc°p-∂n-√. Xm°¿am-cpw, al¿ hn`m-K-°mcpw kPo-h-ambn ka-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂n√. qhp-S-a-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn-emWv Ah¿ kacw \S-°p∂ ÿe-sØ-Øp-∂-Xv.

cmjv{Sob _‘-߃ kmaq-ly-_-‘-ß-fpsS, {]Xy£ apJw

\o¿ØS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnse Xocp-am-\-ß-sf√mw hnt√Pv hm´¿sjUv(IΩn‰n hn.-U-ªyq.kn) BWv FSp-°p-∂-Xv. hn.-U-ªyq.kn bpw {]mtZ-inIcmjv{Sob t\Xr-Xzhpw i‡-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v Acp¨ Unkqk]d-bp-∂-p. CXv Is≠-Øm-\mbn Xmsg-] -d -bp∂ tNmZy -߃°v DØcwtXSp∂p. Fß-s\-bmWv hn. -U-ªyq.knbnte°v Bfp-Iƒ sXc-™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv? hn.-U-ªyq.kn Fs¥√mwXmev]-cy-ß-sfbmWv {]Xn-\n[m\wsNøp--∂Xv? XpS-ßnb tNmZy-߃°vDØcw tXSp-∂p.

hn.-U-ªyq.kn ]m\-ens\ {Kma-k- -bmWv AwKo-I-cn-®-sX-¶nepw hn.-U-ªyq.knsb sXc-s™-Sp°p∂-Xn¬henb cmjv{Sob Nc-Sp-h-en-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xß-fpsS kzm[o-\-h-ebwh¿[n-∏n-°m-\p≈ ÿm]-\-am-bmWv hn.-

U-ªyq.knsb {]mtZ-inI cm{„o-b-°m¿Icp-Xnb-Xv. hn.-U-ªyq.kn A[y-£-\m-hm≥ {Kma-Ønse {]apJ cmjv{Sobt\Xm-°ƒ°v Xmev]cyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.NGO ta¬t\m´w IqSn \S-tØ-≠-Xp-sIm≠v bphm-hmb {]Xm-]vdmhptamsdsb A[y-£-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. hn.-U-ªyq.kn sk{I- -dnbpw {Sj-ddpw Bbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏- Xv alm-tZhv dmhv F∂ tIm¨{K v t\Xm-hns‚ A\p-bm-bnIfm-bn-cp∂p. c≠v{]apJ admØ hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-≈-h-cmbn-cp∂p c≠v h\nXm {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ. hn.-U-ªyq.kn ao‰nwKn¬ an≠m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p Ch-cpsS tPmen.

hn.-U-ªyq.kn sNb¿am≥ Xs‚cmjv{Sob kzm[o\w h¿[n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-sb kq∏¿sshk-dmbn \nb-an-®p. Fkv.-Sn.-hn- m-K-amb Xm°¿am-cn¬ kzm[o\w D≠m-I-Ø° coXn-bn¬ Xm-°¿ hn`m-K-ØnseHcmsf \gvkdn Imh¬°m-c-\m-°n. {Kma-Ønse kl-I-cW kwL-Ønepw At±-l-w \n¿Wm-bI kzm[o\w D≠m-°n.hm´¿sjUv {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v {SmIvS¿DS-a-Iƒ°v \¬tI≠ {]Xn- ew kl-I-cW _m¶nse Abm-fpsS ISw Xo¿°p-∂-Xn-te°v AS-bv°m-\mbn sNb¿am≥kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂p. {SmIvS-dn\vtem¨ e`y-am-°m-\pw, th≠ ]Wn\¬Im\pw ]Ww Xncn-®-S-∏n-°m\pwX\n°v Ign-bp-∂p-sh∂v At±lw A`n-am-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. {SmIvS¿ DS-asb Xs‚Dd® A\p- m-hn-bmbn am‰m\pw CXp-hgnkm[n-°p-∂p. {]Xm]v dmhp tamsd B-Zy-sams° {][m\ Xocp-am-\-ß-sfms°{]mtZ-inI t\Xmhv aml-tZ-hvdm-hp-ambnBtem-Nn-®mWv FSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚kzm[o\w IqSp-X¬ ZrVam-b-t∏mƒ CX-h-km-\n-∏n-®p. alm-tZhv dmhphn\v- Xs‚kzm[o\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv a\- n-em-b-t∏mƒ {]Xm-]vdm-hp- hn.Uªyq.-kn. kzØvZp¿hn\n-tbmKw sNøp-∂p-sh∂ Btcm-]Ww Db¿Øp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ hn.-U-ªyq.kn kzX-{¥hpw lcnX hnI-k\k¶-ev]-Øns‚ Bi-b-ß-fn¬ Dd®v{]h¿Øn°p-∂-Xp-amb ÿm]-\-am-b√adn®v kwÿm\Øns‚ cmjv{Sob hyh-ÿ-bn-te°v DƒtN¿Ø-Xm-bmWv ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂psXfn-bp∂-Xv.

Zriy-h-XvIcWw^o¬Uv kμ¿i-\hpw Zriy-h-XvI-

c-Whpw Fßs\ Hcp amXrIm \o¿ØSkaq-l-sØ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Øp∂psh-∂mWv ASp-Ø-Xmbn At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv.[mcmfw kμ¿i-I¿, A\y kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Db¿∂ DtZym-K-ÿ-c-S°w ZpjvI¬Zmcn kμ¿i\w \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. Ah-cpsS apºn¬ hn.-U-ªyq.kn

sNb¿am≥ {][-m\-ambpw aq∂v- t\´ß-fmWv hnh-cn°p∂-Xv.

1. IpSn-sh≈ {]iv\Øn\p ]cn-lmcw 2. kv{Xo im‡o-I-cWw. 3.Xm°¿, al¿ hn`m-K-ßfpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn. kμ¿i-I¿ hn.-U-ªyq.kn sNb¿am-t\mSv t{]mP-IvSns‚ ÿmbn-XzsØ∏‰ntNmZn-°p-tºmƒ P\-߃ hfsc\∂mbn kl-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠vt{]mPIvSns‚ Nnc-ÿm-bn-Xz-Øn\v kwi-b-an-s√∂v ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ AtXkabw acw \´ ÿeØv ]iphns\hn v tabv°p-∂-Xn\v as‰mcp I¿j-Is\imkn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ≠v \¬Ip-∂-h¿°pw kμ¿i-I¿°pw th≠nkXyw ad®v amXr-Im-]-c-amb Imcy߃am{Xw ]d-bp∂ {]hW-X-bmWp-≈-Xv.

Kh¿W¿ ZpjvI¬Zmcn kμ¿in-°p-∂Xv Zriy-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp DØaDZm-l-c-W-ambmWv {KŸ-Im-c≥ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂Xvv. \S-∂p-I≠v Ah-km\w\o¿Ø-S-Øns‚ G‰hpw Db¿∂`mKØv hml-\-Øn¬ Kh¿W¿ FØp-Ibpw \o¿ØSw samØ-Øn¬ I≠pa\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXp ImcWwXm°¿am-cpsS tImf\n apºp≠m-bn-cp∂Xpw Ah-cpsS DS-a-ÿ-X-bnep≈Xp-amb Xm°¿a®n F∂ B ÿewCt∏mƒ Kh¿W¿ t]mbn‚ v F∂v Adn-bs∏Sp-∂p. Cßs\ amdn-bXpImcWwXm°¿am¿°v B ÿe-Øn-ep≈ Ah-Imiw \jvSs∏- p.

alm-cm-jv{S-bnse sde-K¨ kn±n,lnshcn _km¿ XpS-ßnb amXrIm\o¿ØS hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ t\cn¬I≠v a\ nem-°n-b-Xn¬ \n∂pwF\n°v tXm∂p-∂Xv lcnX kaq-l-Øns‚ Hcp {][m\ khn-ti-j-X-bmbhn`h hn\n-tbm-K-Ønse kmaqly \nb-{¥Ww Chn-S-ß-fn¬ km[n-®n- p-s≠-∂m-Wv. A[nIw sh≈w Bh-iy-ap≈Icnºv, hmg XpS-ßnb hnf-Iƒ Chn-S-ß-fn¬ Bcpw Irjn sNøp-∂n-√. Agn-®p-hn´p tabv°¬, acw sh´¬, Ipg¬InW¿ Ipgn-°¬, aZy-]m\w XpS-ßnbhbv°pw ISpØ \nb-{¥Wap≠v.[m¿anI Db¿® \o¿ØS hnI-k-\-tØm-sSm∏w Cu kaq-l-߃°v t\Sm≥ Ign-™p. AÆm-l-km-sc, ]∏Sv dmhp]hm¿ F∂o hy‡n-Iƒ Cu c≠pÿe-ß-fnepw lcnX kaqlw \n¿am-W-Øn¬ \n¿Wm-bI kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn- p-≠v. Acp¨ Unkqk ]T\hnt[-b-am-°nb ZpjvI¬Zmcn-bn¬ta¬]-d-™-Xp-t]mse {]`mhw sNep-Øp∂ \o¿Ø-Sw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Cu ]pkvXIw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂Xv Hmdn -b‚ v ªmIvkvhm≥BWv.

imkv{X-KXn 57

lc-W-^ew sI. kXojv

Printed & Published by T.P. Sreesankar on behalf of Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad & Printed at A-One Offset Printers, Ramanattukara, Calicut-1and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Editor-R.V.G. Menon. Approved by CSIR for financial support

Volume 47 No.3, Sasthragathy 2011 September, 60 Pages

imkv{Xhm¿Ø- Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : tUm. Fw. B¿. kpZ¿i\ Ipam¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw alm-flm-Km‘n tImtf-Pnse ck-X-{¥-hn-`mKw A≤ym-]-I-\mWv teJ-I≥

A¥-co-£-Ønse aossYs‚ Afhv ÿnc-ambnh¿j-ß-fm-bp≈ h¿[-\-bv°p-tijw A¥-co-£-Ønse aossYs‚ Afhv Ign™ 30 h¿j-ambn ÿnc-am-b-Xmbn imkv{X-⁄¿ Is≠-Øn. Hcp lcn-X-Krl hmX-I-amWv aossY≥.BKÃv 11- se ‘Nature’ tP¿W-en-emWv imkv{X-⁄¿ CXp {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv.

Bfl-lXym t_mw_mb Ir{Xna E.coli _mIvSo-cnb_mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒ tk\m-hyqlw t]mse-bm-Wv. \miw hnX-bv°m-\p≈sIev]pw Imcy-£-a-amb Bib hn\n-ab kwhn-[m-\-hp-a-h-bv°p-≠v. F∂m-e-hbv°pw "Bfl-l-Xym-t_mw-_p-I-fmb' a‰p _mIvSo-cn-b-Isf t\cn-Sm-\m-hn√! Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS a\p-jy-t_mw-_n¬ \n∂mWv imkv{X-⁄-cnXvISw sIm≠-Xv. tcmK-\n-Zm-\-amb _mIvSo-cn-bsb \in-∏n®v kzbw \in-°p∂ E.coli _mIvSo-cn-b-sb-bmWv imkv{X-⁄¿ Ir{Xn-a-ambn krjvSn-®-Xv. izmk-tImi tcmK-߃°pw a‰pw Imc-W-amb P.aeruginosa _mIvSo-cn-b-I-sf-bmWv Ir{Xna E.coli _mIvSo-cnb Cßs\ \in-∏n-®-Xv.

{]IrXn Xs∂-bmWv imkv{X-⁄¿°n-Xn\p t{]c-W-bm-b-Xv. kao-]-Øp≈ a‰p kq£va-Po-hn-Isf Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ°v{]tXyI Ign-hp≠v. P.aeruginosa _mIvSo-cn-b-I-fpsS kao]w a‰p kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-Øp-tºmƒ Ah ]c-kv]cw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øp-Ibpw‘pyocin’ F∂ hnj-hkvXp ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®v Ahsb \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

Cu hnZy P.aeruginosa _mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒs°Xnsc {]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv knwK-∏q-cnse Nayang Technological University bnseChueh Loo Poh bpw Mathew Wook Chang Dw sNbvX-Xv. P.aeruginosa _mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒ kz¥w kv]ojn-kns\ Is≠-Øp∂Po≥ imkv{X-⁄¿ E.coli _mIvSo-cn-b-bn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®p. P.aeruginosa sb \in-∏n-°p∂ ]cn-jvI-cn® ‘pyocin’ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Po\pw E.coli bn¬ LSn-∏n-®p. Hcp "Bfl-lXym Po≥' IqSn LSn-∏n-®t∏mƒ "_mIvSo-cnb t_mw_v' Xbm-dmbn!kao-]Øv P.aeruginosa sb I≠m¬ E.coli bn¬ hnj-amb ]cn-jvI-cn® ‘pyocin’ \nd-bp-Ibpw, Bfl-lXym Po\ns‚ t{]c-W-aqew tImiw XI-cp-I-bpw, hnjw han-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Aßs\ kzbw \in®v a‰v tcmK-\n-Zm\ _mIvSo-cn-b-Isf\in-∏n-°p∂ E.coli _mIvSo-cn-b-sb-bmWv imkv{X-⁄¿ Ir{Xn-a-ambn krjvSn-®-Xv. ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ 99% P.aeruginosatImi-ß-tfbpw Cßs\ \in-∏n-°m≥ Ign-s™∂v ‘Molecular System Biology’ tP¿W-en¬ imkv{X-⁄¿ dnt∏m¿ v sNbvXp.

(www.news.sciencemag.org.)

`qK¿` Pe D]-tbmKwkap{Z \nc∏v Db¿Øpw

IpSn-sh-≈-Øn\pw Pe-tk-N-\-Øn\pw a‰p-ambn qK¿ - Peaq‰p-∂Xv kap-{Z-\n-c-∏p-b-cm≥Imc-W-am-b-Xmbn imkv{X-⁄¿ Is≠-Øn.1900 \ptijw kap{Z\nc-∏p-b¿∂-Xns‚ BdpiX-am\w kw`m-h\ CXp-aq-e-am-sW∂v imkv-{X-⁄≥ IW-°p-Iq- p-∂p. U.S.Geological Sur-vey bnse Leonard Konikow temIsaºm-Sp-ap≈ tU‰ hni-I-e\w sNbvXmWv Cu \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv. 1950 \ptijw qK¿`Pe-hn-\n-tbmKw aqew kap{Z \nc-∏p-b-cp-∂-Xns‚ \nc°v h¿[n-®-Xmbpw IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 2000-˛-\p-tijw CXp-aqew kap-{Z-\n-c∏v{]Xn-h¿jw 0.4 an.-ao. Db-cm≥ Imc-W-am-b-Xmbpw ]T\w Nq≠n-°m- p-∂p.

(www.sciencenews.org)

HmIvkn-P≥ \ocp-d-h-IƒC∂v A¥-co-£-Ønse Hcp {][m-\ -L-S-I-amWv HmIvkn-P≥. hmbp-hnse 21 iX-am-\hpw HmIvkn-P-\m-Wv. F∂m¬ `qan-bpsS Bcw-`-Im-eØv HmIvkn-P≥ A]q¿h-am-bn-cp-∂p. an°-hmdpw C√m-bn -cp∂pF∂p Xs∂ ]dbmw! 230 tImSnh¿j-߃°p-apºp \S∂ ""al-Ømb HmIvko-I-cW kw`hw'' (Great Oxidation Event) Øn\ptij-amWvA¥-co-£-Øn¬ Af-°m-hp∂ tXmXn¬ HmIvkn-P-\p-≠m-b-Xv. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv hmbp izkn-°p∂ kq£va Pohn-Iƒ qan-bn-ep-cp-Øn-cn-™-Xv. ]n∂oSv k¶o¿W Pohn-Ifpw {]Xy-£-s∏- p. A¥-co-£-Øn¬ HmIvkn-P≥ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\p h¿j-߃°papºv kap-{Z-Øn¬ sNdnb Af-hn¬ HmIvkn-Ps‚ \ocp-d-h-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-XmbnFw.-sF.-Sn.-bnse imkv{X-⁄¿ \S-Ønb ]pXnb Kth-jW ]T\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” emWv Kth-j-W- ew {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

(www.esciencenews.com)