hnemkw

FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-K-Xn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 2475668. C sa-bn¬ sasthragathy@gmail.comamt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KXn, tImgn-t°mSv 673 002t^m¨ : 2701919, C sa-bn¬ ksspmagazine@gmail.com

FUn-‰¿ : B¿.-hn.Pn.- tat\m≥, amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ : sI. cm[≥

FIvkn-Iyp´ohv FUn-‰¿: B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW-≥, Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿: ]n. kptc-jv

]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn: s{]m^. sI.-B¿ P\m¿Z\≥, s{]m^. Sn.-]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥, s{]m^. sI. ]m∏q´nSn. cm[m-a-Wn, kn.-hn. N{μ≥, tUm. B¿.-_n. cmP-e£van, tUm. sI. cmPvtam-l≥, tUm. sI. hnP-b-Ip-am¿

tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬, B¿. KncojvvIp-am¿, AUz. Sn. Ko\m-Ip-amcn, hn.-ss_-Pp, ]n. {]Im-i≥

Nn{Xo-I-cWw: sI. kXojv Ih¿ & teHu´v: ]n. {]Zo]v ssS∏v sk‰nMv: hn[p. ]n.-Fkv

teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-߃ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv; imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

H‰-{]Xn : 12 cq] ˛ hm¿jn-I-h-cn-kwJy : 125 cq]

2012 am¿®v tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØvhmeyw 47 e°w 9

kμ¿in°pI: www.kssp.in

Ih¿tÃmdn:

6 KWn-X-h¿jwF¥n\v?kn.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥

28 P\n-XIkºØvhnizss]-XrIwtUm. sI.Un. {]Xm]≥

33 Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥:a\p-jys‚ kz¥w bpKwkn.-hn. N{μ≥

38 apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°mbnHcp \nb-awAUz. sI.-]n. chn-{]-Imiv

11 sXmgnepwhnZym`ymkhpw

15 kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ym-khpwsXmgnepw]n.-]n. KtW-i≥

21 sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\hpwhnZym- ym-khpws{]m^. sI. {io[-c≥

24 _ncp-Z- hn-Zym-`ymkcwKw]It]m°¬ BtcmSv?s{]m^. Sn.]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥

45 bqtdm∏nsea[yImeL´wtUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

49 B[m¿:hkvXp-X-Iƒ hna¿i-\-߃kpIpam-c≥ C.sI.

51 imkv-{X-U-bdnF≥.-F-kv. Acp¨Ip-am¿

57 Im¿´q¨ ]w‡n: lc-W- ewsI. kXojv

58 imkv{X-hm¿ØtUm.- Fw.-B¿. kpZ¿i-\-Ip-am¿

sXmgnepwhnZym- ym-khpwsXmgnepwhnZym- ym-khpw

4 am¿®v 2012

IØp-Iƒ

P\p-hcn e°w imkv{X-KXn \∂m-bn- p≠v. Pe-sØbpw cmk-h-kvXp-°-sfbpw Du¿P-sØbpw hnth-N\_p≤n-tbmsS kao-]n-°p-∂-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]e teJ-\-ßfpw B e°-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xvkt¥m-j-I-c-amb A\p- -h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcp teJ-\-Øn¬ {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿j-߃°-∏pdw Irjn I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv temI-P-\-kwJy Aº-Xp-e£w am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-ßfpwaX-ßfpw tN¿∂v temIw `cn®Ccp≠ Ime-L-´-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈H≥]Xp kl-{km-_vZ -ß-fnsesamØw IW-s°-Sp-Ømepw ssZhwA\p-{K-ln-®p-≠mb P\-kwJymh¿[\ \qdp-tIm-Sn-bnepw Xmsg-bm-Wv.BtcmKy imkv{X-cw-KsØ apt∂-‰-

kz]v\-Po-hn-I-fpsS aqV-kz¿KwamWv ]I¿®-hym-[n-Ifpw inip-a-c-W-ßfpw{]k-h-ar-Xyphpw \nb-{¥n®v Ccp-∂qdph¿j-߃sIm≠v P\-kw-Jysb \qdp-tIm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v Fgp-∂qdp tImSn-bn-se-Øn-®-Xv. Cu P\-Xsb Xo‰n-t∏m-‰m≥ Ign-™Xv h≥In-Sbpw sNdp-In-S-bp-amb AW-s°- p-I-fn-eqsS Pe-hn- hw \nb-{¥n-®pwIoS-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sSbpw cmk-h-f-ß-fp-sSbpwD]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS hnf-Iƒ \nb-{¥n-®pwDXv]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ hnØp-I-fp-≠m-°n-bpw, t£ym-Xv]m-Z\w h¿[n-∏n-®-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

C∂v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Akzm- m-hn-I-a-c-W-߃ KXm-K-X-cw-K-Øm-Wv. NX™pwAc™pw InS-°p∂ A]-I-S-cw-K-߃]I¿Øn {]kn-≤o-I-cn®v hml-\-ßfpwtdmUp-Ifpw \ntcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v Bcpw]d-bm-Ø-sX-¥m-Wv. AW-s°-´p-Iƒth≠, Xm]-\n-e-b-߃ th≠, BW-h-

\n-ebw th≠ Fs∂-√mw ap{Zm-hmIywhnfn-°p-∂-h¿ Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ ]h¿°´pkln-°ptam? samss_¬ Sh-dn-s\-Xnsc{]Xn-I-cn -°p-∂-h¿ "td©n-\p-]p-d-ØmWv' F∂ Adn-bn∏v kk-t¥mjw{ihn-°ptam? GXn-s‚bpw hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-amb D]-tbm-K-amWv \nb-{¥n-t°-≠-Xv. a\p-jys‚ kzm¿∞XIƒ°vDØ-c-hmZn imkv{X-a-√.

B[p-\n-IX-bpsS thj- q-jm-Zn-I-sf√mw Dcn-™p-If™v Aºpw hn√p-sa-SpØv h\m-¥-c-ß-fn-te°p IpSn-tb-dpI F∂ kz]v\w ImWp-∂-h¿ aqV-kz¿K-Øn-em-Wv. AØcw kz]v\-Po-hn-I-fpsS Xocp-am-\-߃°v kaq-lsØhn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv imkv{X-Nn-¥bv°vA\p-tbm-Py-amtWm F∂-XmWv Ah-[m-\-X-tbmsS Btem-Nn-t°-≠-Xv.

kn. cma-N-{μ≥ IS-h-{¥,- sIm-®n.

s]cn-bmsd s]cn-bmsd ]¿h-X-\n-c-bpsS ]\n-\o-tc... F∂ hb-em-dns‚hcn-Iƒ ae-bm-fnsb B\-μ-Øns‚\n¿hr-Xn-bn-se-Øn-°m-dp-≠v. C∂vs]cn-bm¿ F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒGsXmcmfp-sSbpw a\- n¬ oXn-bp-sS-bpw, DtZz-K-Øn-s‚bpw Icn-\n-g¬ hogp-I-bm-Wv. \qdn-e-[nIw ]g-°-ap≈ ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ Umw AXns‚ hm¿[-Iy-k-l-P-amb e£-W-߃ Hs∂m-∂mbnIm´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. 1979-˛¬ KpP-dm-Ønse tam¿hn AW-s° vXI¿∂v 2500- -Hmfw Poh≥ A]-l-cn-°-s∏´p F∂Xpw \ap°v hnkva-cn-°m-\m-In-√. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ tIc-f-Ønse apgp-h≥ cmjv{Sob I£n-IfpwHtc kzc-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ Umw A]-I-S-Øn-em-sW-∂v. adn®vXangv-\m nse cmjv{Sob ]m¿ n-Iƒ H‰-s°-´mbn ]d-bp∂p ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿Uman\v _e-£-b-an-s√-∂v. Xan-gv\mSv`cn-°p-∂Xv {]mtZ-inI I£n-I-fm-sW-¶nepw C¥y-bnseØs∂ {]apJcmjv{Sob I£n-I-fpsS Xan-gv\mSv LS-Ihpw Hcp tZiob ImgvN-∏m-Sn-√msX

s]cn-bm¿ ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿k¶p-NnX XmXv]-cy-sa-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ch-cpsScmjv{Sob ho£-W-amWv tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂v Ch¿ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂n√.

c≠v kwÿm-\-߃ XΩn¬ Ie-ln-°p-Ibpw A{I-a-Øn-te°v \oßp-IbpwsNøp-tºmƒ, A{Iaw \n¿Øn kam-[m\A¥-co£w krjvSn-°pI F∂m¬ CS-s]-Sm-sa∂ \ΩpsS {][m-\-a-{¥n-bpsS {]kvXm-h\ Hcp t\gvkdn \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Xam-i-bmtb ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. C¥y Hcps^U-d¬ kwhn-[m\w \ne-\n¬°p∂cmPy-am-Wv. CXn¬ GsX-¶nepw kwÿm-\-߃ XΩn¬ Ie-l-ßtfm Iem-]-ßtfmD≠m-Ip-tºmƒ CS-s]´v ]cn-lmcwImtW≠ tI{μ k¿°m-cns‚ Xe-h-\mb{][m-\-a{¥n XnI™ \n w-K-X-tbmsStImS-Xn-bpsS Xocp-am-\-Øn\v hn´n-cn-°-bm-W-t√m?. Cu Xocp-am-\-tØmsS tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ {]k‡n Xs∂ \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. {Ia-k-am-[m-\hpw Ielßfpw\nb-{¥n-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-a√ tImSXn.\ΩpsS Fgp-X-s∏´ \nb-a-߃ `c-W-Iq-Shpw P\-ßfpw ]men-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWvtImS-Xn-bpsS [¿aw.

ChnsS \Ωƒ°v ac-W- -bhpw Xan-gv\m-Sn\v Poh-P-e-hp-amWv {]iv\w.c≠n\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb {]m[m-\y-ap-≠p-Xm-\pw. h¿j-Øn¬ 6 amk-tØmfw age n-°p∂ ae-bm-fn°v sh≈-Øns‚ hne-b-dn-bn-√. C∂v sNSn-®- n-bn¬t∏mepwAev]w ]®-°dn \´p-h-f¿Øm≥ ae-bmfn Xbm-dn-√. F¶nepw \Ωƒ Xan-gv\m-Sn\v \¬Ip∂ sh≈-Øns‚ tIm¬Afhv IW-°m°n XS- -s∏-Sp-Øm\pw{ian-°p-∂p. Xangv P\-X-bm-Is´ Aaq-ey-amb Pew D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn ]mSØv"kz¿Ww' hnf-bn-°p-∂p. CXv I≠n-s√∂v\Sn-°m≥ Hcp ae-bm-fn°pw ]‰p-sa∂vtXm∂p-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah-cpsS Bi-¶-I-f-I-‰n-s°m-≠p≈ Hcp Pe-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v tI{μ-k¿°m¿ Xbm-dm°n{]iv\w cay-ambn ]cn -l-cn -°m≥XmXv]cyw ImWn-°-Ww. ]\n-\o-cn-\p-t]mepw F√m-Im-eØpw ]\n-\o-cmbn XpS-cm≥ H°n√ F∂ {]IrXn \n¿≤m-c-W-\n-baw a\p-jy-\n¿an-X-amb AW-s°-´n\pw _m[-I-am-Wv. \n w-KX {]iv\whj-fm-°p-Itb D≈q.

F. lcn-Zm-k≥, ]pXp-∏-Ww.

imkv{X-KXn 5

]nt∂m- Sn-°p∂ ]cn-jvIm-c-߃tIcf hnZym-`ymk cwK-Øns‚ Zu¿`m-Ky-ß-fn¬ H∂v k¿°m-cp-Iƒ amdp-tºmƒ hnZym-`ymk cwKØv\S-°p∂ Agn-®p-]-Wn-Iƒ BWv. hyXykvX cmjv{Sob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ D≈-h¿°v hnZym- ym-k-sØ-∏‰nhyXykvX \b-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc a\- n-em-°mw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw {]Xy-b-imkv{X {]iv\-߃ am‰n-h®v XnI®pw A°m-Z-an-I-amb Imcy-ß-fn-se-¶nepw Hcp tbmPn-∏n-seØn XpS¿® Dd-∏m-°m≥ Ign-tb-≠-Xt√? ]t£, ]e-t∏mgpw \b-a√ {]iv\w BIp-∂Xv F∂v tXm∂p-∂p. Hcp \b-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√m-sX, shdpw \n£n]vX XmXv]-cy-°m-cpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv ]e{]iv\-߃°pw ]n∂n¬. ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-Im-eØv Hcp-X-hW k¿°m¿ amdn-b-t∏mƒ s]mSp-∂s\,A®-Sn®p h®n-cp∂ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ H´msI Nh-‰p-Ip- -bn¬ Fdn-™Xv Hcp \b-Øn-s‚bpw mKw Bbn-cp-∂n-√-t√m. Iptd Ign-™-t∏mƒ \√ _p≤n DZn-°p-Ibpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fpsS ]cn-jvImcw GXm≠vAtX-t∏mse Xs∂ XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]hr-Xyp-∑pJ t_m[-\-sØbpw t{KUn-ßn-s\bpw ]co£m ]cn-jvI-c-W-sØbpw FXn¿Ø-h¿ ]n∂oSv CtX kwK-Xn-Iƒ Xs∂ kn.-_n.-F-kv.-C. \S-∏m-°n-b-t∏mƒ FXn¿∏n-√msX A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xpw \mw I≠p. CsXms° ImWn-°p-∂Xv Cu FXn¿∏p-Iƒ GsX-¶nepw \b-Øn-s‚tbm A°m-Z-anI ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s‚tbm ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv F∂m-Wv.

Ct∏mƒ tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ _ncp-Z-XeØnse H∂mw ska-ÿ ]co£ h¿jm-h-km\w\S-Øn-bm¬ aXn F∂ Xe-Xn-cn™ Xocp-am-\hpw Cubn-\-Øn¬ s]´-Xm-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, k¿°m-cns\ D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ D]-tZ-in-t°≠ lb¿ FUyq-t°-j≥Iu¨kn¬ Cu hnjbw ]Tn-°m-\mbn Hcp IΩn-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn-®nt´ D≈q. Ah-cpsS ]T\ dnt∏m¿´vCXp-hsc h∂n-´p-an-√. AXn-\v apºpXs∂ ska-ÿ k{º-Zm-b-Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amb Cu Xocp-am\wHcp k¿h-I-em-ime Fßs\ FSpØp? hf-sc-tbsd N¿®-Iƒ°pw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ°pw tij-amWvtNmbnkv t_kvUv s{IUn‰v B≥Uv ska-ÿ knÃw \S-∏m-°m≥ Ign™ k¿°m-cns‚ ImeØv Xocp-am\w D≠m-b-Xv. hfsc hn]p-e-amb A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\hpw \S-∂p. CsXms° Xmc-X-tay\ wKn-bmbnsNbvX Hcp k¿h-I-em-ime Bbn-cp∂p tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-im-e. ]t£ AXv \S-∏m-°n-b-t∏mƒ]e {]iv\-ßfpw D≠mbn F∂Xv AwKo-I-cn-°mw. ska-ÿ k{º-Zmbw A°m-Z-an-I-ambn KpW-IcwBsW∂v t_m[yw Ds≠-¶n¬ B ]mfn-®-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®v Fßs\ AXv ^e-{]Zw B°mw F∂t√Btem-Nn-t°-≠Xv? ka-bØv ]co£ \S-Øp-∂Xv BWt{X Hcp henb Iodm-ap-´n. hmkvX-h-Øn¬\ΩpsS k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-sf√mw Xs∂ ka-bØv ]co-£-Iƒ \SØn ^ew {]Jym-]n-°m≥ h√msX_p≤n-ap-´p-∂p≠v F∂Xv icn-bm-Wv. ]t£ AXn-\p≈ ]cn-lmcw A°m-Z-anI XmXv]-cy-Øn\v hncp-≤-amb CØcw \o°-ß-fm-tWm, AtXm ]co£m k{º-Zmbw Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°pI F∂-XmtWm? CXv Xe-th-Z\t]m°m≥ Xe sh´p∂ coXn-bm-bn-t∏m-bn. ]co£m k{º-Zmbw ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ap≥ lb¿ FUyq-t°-j≥ Iu¨kn¬ Hcp D∂X kan-Xnsb \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ]e \n¿t±-i-ßfpw apt∂m´p h®n-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. F¥p-sIm≠v Ah ]cn-tim-[n®v \S-∏m-°p-∂n√? AXn-\-IØv k¶o¿W-amb {]Xy-b-imkv{X{]iv\-ß-sfm∂pw D≠m-Im≥ Xc-an-√-t√m. ImX-emb {]iv\w AsXm-∂p-a√; B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kvtImtf-Pp-Iƒ AS-ßp∂ \ΩpsS D∂X hnZym-`ymk taJ-ebv°p AXv A¿ln-°p∂ {]m[m\yw BcpwsImSp-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv F∂v tXm∂p-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ tim`-\-amb mhn-bn¬ D∂X hnZym-`ymkw\n¿h-ln-t°≠ ]¶n-s\-°p-dn®v t_m[yw C√m-Ø-XmWv ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\w. AXv Iptd mKyPmX¿°vDb¿∂ iº-fhpw ]Z-hn-Ifpw \¬Im-\p≈ taJ-e-bmbn Npcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ samØw{i≤bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw s{]m -j-W¬ hnZym- ym-k-Øn-te°v amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu Ah-K-W\ Bfl-l-Xym-]cw BWv. \mfsØ \ΩpsS A[ym-]-Icpw imkv{X-⁄cpw ]WvUn-Xcpw krjvSn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv Cu Iem-e-b-ß-fn-em-Wv. GsXmcp kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw tim -\-amb mhn°v Ch¿\¬tI≠ kw`m-h\ \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv Cu Ah-K-W-\-bpsS A¿∞w. \ap°v Ipsd F©n-\o-b¿amcpw tUmIvS¿amcpw amt\-P¿amcpw I®-h-S-°mcpw D∂X DtZym-K-ÿcpw cmjv{So-b-°mcpw am{Xw aXnF∂v IcpXp∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ `mhn Ccp-f-S-™-Xm-bn-cn°pw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. thcp th≠, imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw am{Xw aXn F∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv t]mse-bp≈ auVyw Bbn-cn°pw AXv. CXn\p \mwI\Ø hne \¬tI≠n hcpw; C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf.

am¿®v 2012

apJ-°p-dn∏v

imkv{X-KXn

6 am¿®v 2012

KWn-X-imkv{Xwkn.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥

6 am¿®v 2012

KWn-X-h¿j-ambn 2012 BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn\p C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v t\csØXocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øp. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ P\p-hcn BZy-hmcw {][m-\-a{¥n tUm. a≥tam-l≥knMv sNss∂-bn¬ h®v KWn-X-h¿jm-tLmjw DZvLm-S\w sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. h¿jw apgp-h≥ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Kh-s◊‚pw hnhn[ ÿm]-\-ßfpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw {]ÿm-\-ßfpw Bkq-{XWwsNøp-∂p-≠v. Nne ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n®p Ign-™p.

sNss∂-bn¬h®v {][m-\-a{¥nDZvLm-S\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p t{]c-I-ambn`hn-®Xv AXv {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-Ps‚\mSmWv F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu h¿j-Øn\pHcp {]tXy-I-X-bp-≠v. cmam-\p-Ps‚ 125-˛mw P∑-hm¿jnI thf-bm-Wn-Xv. C¥ytemI-Øn\p ImgvN-h® A\p-]aKWnX {]Xn- -bmWv cmam-\p-P≥. At±-l-Øns‚ 125- mw P∑-h¿j-Øn¬ C¥yKWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sp -∂-Xn\p{]tXyI HuNn-Xy-ap-≠v.

KWn-X-h¿jw

F¥n\v?C∂v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ KWn-X-am-Wv. KWn-Xo-b-amb ]pXnbI≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fmWv B[p-\nI Pohn-X-sØ-bmsI am‰n adn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb C¥y-°m¿°p-t]mepw CXn-s\-°p-dn®v th≠{XXncn-®-dn-hn-√. AXv am‰m-\mWv C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v KWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sm≥Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. C∂sØ hn⁄m\ temI-Øv, hn⁄m\ kvt^mS-\-Øn¬KWnXw hln-°p∂ ]¶v hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-d-sbbpw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°-sfbpw]d™p a\- n-em°n IqSp-X¬ t]sc KWn-X-]-T-\-Øn\p t{]cn-∏n-°-emWvKWn-X-h¿jm-tLm-j-Øns‚ {][m\ e£y-ß-fn¬ H∂v.

imkv{X-KXn 7

cmam-\p-Ps\ ho´p-Imtcm \m´p-Imtcm KWn-X-⁄-\mbn hf¿Øn-btXm AXn-\mbn {]tXyI ]cn-io-e\w\¬In-btXm A√. At±-l-Øns‚Akm-[m-c-W-amb KWn-X-]m-S-hhpwAXn-ep≈ AXncp Ihn™ XmXv]-cyhpw Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX h∂-t∏m-gm-bn-cp-∂p, At±-l-Øns‚ KWn-X-kn-≤n-Isf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pNne¿ Nne \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ssIs°m-≠-Xv. F∂m¬, Zcn-{Z-\mb cmam-\p-P\pA¿ln-°p∂ ]cn-K-W-\bpw ]cn-c-£bpw \¬Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-aqew tcmK-_m-[n-X-\mbn At±lw AImeNc-a-w A-S-™p. C¥ybv°pw temI-Øn\pwAt±-l-Øn¬ \n∂p e`n-°p-am-bn-cp∂{]Xn-`m -hn -em-k-߃ e`n -°msXt]mbn. ]n∂oSv CXp-hsc AXp-t]m-semcp KWnX{]Xn` C¥y-bn¬\n∂vDb¿∂p-h-∂n- p-an-√.

B \jvSsØ Hm¿Øv ZpxJn°m-\√ C¥y KWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy≥ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØhn⁄m-\-im-J-I-fn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏-´-XmWv KWn-Xw. AXns\ hnhn[imkv{X-im-J-I-fpsS cm⁄n F∂phnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. KWn-X-⁄sckpJn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n ]d-bp-∂-X√AXv. KWn-X-hp-ambn Hcp _‘hpwC√m-ØXv F∂p Icp-X-s∏-´n-cp∂hn⁄m-\-im-J-bv°p-t]mepw C∂sØÿnXn-bn¬ hf-cm≥ KWn-X-Øns‚]n≥_-etam am¿K-Z¿i-\tam thWwF∂m-bn- p≠v ÿnXn.

cmPy-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v Ccp-ºv, I¬°cn F∂nh IqSntb IgnbqF∂mWv hyh-kmb hnπhw Bcw-`n-®-tijw GXv cmPy-°mcpw ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xv. Ct∏mƒ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv FÆtbm{]IrXn hmX-Itam thW-sa-∂m-Wv.Ch-sbm-∂p-an-s√-¶n-epw, Akw-kvIrXkm[-\-ßsf kwkvI-cn -°m-\p≈anI® ssh`hw kzmb-Ø-am-sW-¶n¬B cmPy-Øn\p henb ]ptcm-KXnssIh-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂-Xn\pZrjvSm-¥-amWv P∏m≥. P∏m-\n¬ Ccp-º-bn-cn-√, I¬°-cn-bn-√, FÆ-bn-√.kar-≤-am-bn- p-≈Xv cmPysØ FSp-Ø-Ωm\w BSp∂ `qI-º-ß-fm-Wv. F¶n-epw, AXv henb hnImkw t\Sn-bXvimkv{X-˛-km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fn-ep≈IÆ-©n-°p∂ ]ptcm-KXn kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bm-Wv.

C¥y°pw AØcw ]ptcm-KXnssIh-cn-°Ww F∂v B{K-l-ap-≠v.temI-Ønse H∂mw \º¿ cmPy-am-IWw F∂v tamln-°m\pw XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-dbv°v s{]m -j-W¬ AYhm kmt¶-Xn-I- hn-Zym- ymkw

imkv{X-KXn 7

cmPy-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v Ccp-ºv, I¬°cnF∂nh IqSntb Ignbq F∂mWv hyh-kmbhnπhw Bcw- n-®-tijw GXv cmPy-°mcpw ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xv. Ct∏mƒ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv FÆtbm {]IrXnhmX-Itam thW-sa-∂m-Wv. Ch-sbm-∂p-an-s√-¶n-epw,Akw-kvIrX km[-\-ßsf kwkvI-cn-°m-\p≈anI® ssh`hw kzmb-Ø-am-sW-¶n¬ B cmPy-Øn\p henb ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-°m≥ IgnbpwF∂-Xn\p ZrjvSm-¥-amWv P∏m≥. P∏m-\n¬ Ccp-º-bn-cn-√, I¬°-cn-bn-√, FÆ-bn-√. kar-≤-am-bn- p-≈XvcmPysØ FSp-Ø-Ωm\w BSp∂ `qI-º-ß-fm-Wv.F¶n-epw, AXv henb hnImkw t\Sn-bXv imkv{X- -km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fn-ep≈ IÆ-©n-°p∂ ]ptcm-KXnkzmb-Ø-am-°n-bm-Wv.

8 am¿®v 2012

e`n-®m¬ C¥y Xms\ B \ne-bn-te°p Db¿∂p-sIm≈pw F∂ [mcWCS-Ø-c-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ hym]-I-ambn{]N-cn-®n- p-≠v. c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw NnehnZym- ymk hnZ-Kv[cpw Aßs\ Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.AXns‚ e-ambn cmPy-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ s{]m -j-W¬ tImtf-Pp-Iƒ IqWp-t]mse s]m´n hf-cp-∂p.AXn¬ a°sf tN¿°p-∂-Xn\p apJy-ambn CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-߃ a’-cn-°p-∂p. A{Xbpw kmº-Øn-I-ti-jn-bn-√mØ IpSpw-_-߃t]mepw AhscA\p-I-cn-°m≥ h¿[-am-\-amb tXmXn¬{ian-®p-h-cp-∂p.

Chsc BI¿jn-°m-\mbn IqSp-X¬IqSp-X¬ kzImcy kzm{ib hnZym- ymkÿm]-\-߃ Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂p. F≥Pn-\n-b-dnw-Knepw saUn-kn-\nepw ]co-£-bn¬ tXm¬°p∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆwPbn-°p-∂-h-cp-tS-Xns‚ Cc- n-bn-tesdBbn Db-cp-∂p.

AtX-k-abw D∂X hnZym- ym-k-cw-KØv IqSp-X¬ Ip´n-Iƒ tNcp∂ am\-hn -I-˛ -km-aqlyimkv{X˛imkv{XtImgvkp-Iƒ \√ coXn-bn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p k¿°mtcm k¿h-I-em-im-e-Itfm Du∂tem th≠{X t{]m’m-l-\tam \¬Ip-∂n-√. XXv^-e-ambnG‰hpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tImgvkpwhn⁄m-\-im-Jbpw C∂v KWn-X-ambnXo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AtX kabw C∂vhnI-k-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ KWn-X-am-Wv. KWn-Xo-b-amb ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fmWv B[p-\nI Pohn-X-sØ-bmsI am‰n adn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb C¥y-°m¿°p-t]mepw CXn-s\-°p-dn®v th≠{X Xncn-®-dn-hn-√. AXv am‰m-\mWv C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v KWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sm≥Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. C∂sØ hn⁄m\temI-Øv, hn⁄m\ kvt^mS-\-Øn¬KWnXw hln-°p∂ ]¶v hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-d-sbbpw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°-sfbpw

]d™p a\- n-em°n IqSp-X¬ t]scKWn-X-]-T-\-Øn\p t{]cn-∏n-°-emWvKWn-X-h¿jm-tLm-j-Øns‚ {][m\

e£y-ß-fn¬ H∂v.

sF.-Sn.-bmWv henb thX\w e`n-°p∂ Hcp sXmgn¬ taJe C∂v.F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv _ncpZw thWw B

taJ-e-bn¬ sXmgn¬ In´m≥ F∂mWvs]mXp-[m-c-W. F∂m¬ tkm vSvshb¿cwKsØ ]pXnb I≠p-]n -S n -Ø-

߃°pw hnI-k-\-߃°pw G‰hpwA\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-bXv KWn-X-Øns‚{]tbm-K-am-Wv. C‚¿s\-‰v, samss_¬,

Sn.-hn. F∂n-h-sbms° Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ sF.-kn.-Sn. hnI-k-\-Ønepw hym]-\-Ønepw \n¿Wm-b-I-

amb apt∂-‰-Øn\p as‰-¥n-t\-°mfpw{][m\w KWnX kt¶-X-߃ {]tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm-Wv.

P\-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Adn-hns‚

temI-sØbpw A∏msS Iogvta¬ adn-°p∂ I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fmWv auenIIW-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \S-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp

\q‰m -≠p -apºv sF≥ssÃ\pwamIvkvπm¶pw uXn-I-Ønepw uXn-I-im-kv{X-ß-fn-em-sIbpw \S-Ønb

s]mfn-s®-gp-Øn-s\-bmsI s]mfn-s®-gp-tX≠n hcptam F∂ kwibw Ct∏mƒCu cwKØv \S-°p∂ Kth-j-W-߃

Db¿Øp-∂p. AXnepw KWn-X-Øns‚]¶pw kw`m-h-\bpw A\ym-Zr-i-am-Wv.

sF≥ssÃ\p X\n°p apt∂-t]mbKth-j-I¿ Is≠-Ønb ]e Imcy-ß-

sfbpw Ah-cpsS Nne \nK-a-\-ß-sfbpw bp‡n-k-l-a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠vX≈n-°-f-bp-Itbm Xncp-Øp-Itbm

a\p-jy≥ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ hn⁄m-\-im-J-I-fn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏- -XmWv KWn-Xw. AXns\hnhn[ imkv{X-im-J-I-fpsS cm⁄n F∂phnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.KWn-X-⁄sc kpJn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n ]d-bp-∂-X√ AXv. KWn-X-hp-ambnHcp _‘hpw C√m-ØXvF∂p Icp-X-s∏- n-cp∂hn⁄m-\-im-J-bv°p-t]mepw C∂sØ ÿnXn-bn¬ hf-cm≥ KWn-X-Øns‚ ]n≥_-etamam¿K-Z¿i-\tam thWwF∂m-bn-´p≠v ÿnXn.

imkv{X-KXn 9

sNtø-≠n-h-∂p. amIvkvπm¶pw kam-\-

amb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv \S-Øn-b-Xv.sF≥ssÃ\p AXv Ign-™Xv sS≥k¿hnt«-jWw t]mep≈ Nne ]pXnb

KWnX coXn-I-fpsS klm-b-tØm-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]Imi civan t\¿tc-J-bn-emtWm XcwKambmtWm k©-cn-°p-

∂Xv F∂ {]tl-fn-Ibv°v DØcwImWp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p sF≥ssÃ≥.{]Imiw IWw (Izm-≠w) BbmWv

\oßp-∂Xv F∂v amIvkvπm¶v shfn-hm-°n. {]Imiw Du¿P-Øns‚ Hcp cq]-am-Wv. Du¿P-am-Is´ {Zhy-ambpw {Zhyw

Du¿P-ambpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Spw F∂vsF≥ssÃ≥ sXfn-bn-®p. AXns‚tXmXv shfn-hm-°p-∂-XmWv E = mc2

F∂ kao-I-c-Ww.

`qanbpw a‰v {Kl-ßfpw kqcy-\p-Np‰pw Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°-bmWv F∂vsIπ¿, tIm∏¿\n-°-kv, Keo-entbm

F∂o tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ sXfn-bn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn-s‚-sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ sFkIv \yq´¨ Hcp ]pXnb

{]]© kn≤m¥Øn\pw AXnseNe\ \nb-a-߃°pw cq]w \¬In.AXv B Ime-L- -Øn¬ apt∂m- p≈

henb Im¬sh-bv∏m -bn -cp -∂p.Ah¿°papºv {]Xy-£-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xns\ AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-

bn-cp∂p tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄-∑mcpwa‰pw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ F√mtPymXn¿tKm-f-ßfpw `qansb hew-h-

bv°p∂p F∂mWv AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ _p[≥, ip{I≥F∂o {Kl-ß-fpsS {]Xy-£-Øn¬

ImWp∂ Ne-\sØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥]gb coXn-h®v Ign-bmsX h∂p. AX-S°w \ne-hn-ep≈ {]]© kn≤m-

¥sØbpw AXp-{]-Im-c-ap≈ [mc-W-I-sfbpw Xncp-Øp-I-bmWv Keo-en-tbmbpw \yq´-\p-sams° sNbvX-Xv.

X߃ ss__n-fn-s‚bpw a‰pw B[n-Im-cn-I-X-tbmsS ]d-™p-h∂ Imcy-߃ icn-b√ F∂p imkv{Xo-b-ambn

sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, k` sNbvXXvXß-fpsS [mc-Wbpw AXn\v B[m-c-amb Acn-tÃm- n-en-s‚bpw a‰pw bp‡n-

sbbpw Xncp -Øp-I-bm-bn -cp -∂n-√.sIπ¿, tIm∏¿\n-°-kv, Keo-entbm{]`r-Xn-I-fpsS bp‡nsb k -bpsS aX-

]-c-amb A[n-Imcw h®v X≈pI-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂Xv imkv{Xw\nc-¥-c-amb ]T\ a\-\-ß-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\ -Øn¬ t\csØ AwKo -Icn®ncp∂ bp‡nsb ]pXnb A\p-`-h-Øns‚ kΩ¿±-Øm¬ Xncp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ sIπ¿, tIm∏¿\n-

°-kv, Keo-en-tbm, \yq´¨ bp‡n-bmWv B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øns‚bp‡n. B bp‡n°v ASn-ÿm\wKWn-Xo-b-amb IW-°p-Iq- -ep-Ifpw hni-

I-e-\hpw \nK-a-\-hp-am-Wv. \yq´¨AXn-\mbn Ie\w (Im¬Ip-e-kv){]tbm-Kn-®p.

Aßs\ ]pXnb bp‡n-sIm≠v

Xncp-Ø-s∏´ {]]-©-kn-≤m-¥hpw]pXnb A\p-`-h-߃, Ahsb hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn\p {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏´

]pXnb KWn-Xob coXn apX-em-b-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ A\p- -h-amWv Hcp \q‰m-≠p-apºv

sF≥ssÃ≥-˛-am-Ivk-πm¶v I≠p-]n-SpØß-fpsS e-ambn D≠m-b-Xv. apºvNq≠n-°m- n-b-Xp-t]mse ]pXnb KWn-

X-im-Jbpw coXnbpw CXn-\mbn {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏- p.

tPymXn-»m-kv{X-Øn¬ am{X-a-√,Cßs\ KWnXw ]pXnb hn⁄m-t\m-

Xv]m-Z-\-Øn-\mbn ]pXnb hni-I-e-\-co-Xnbpw AXn-\mbn ]pXnb KWn-X-im-J-Ifpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ck-X-

{¥-Øn¬, Poh-im-kv{X-Øn¬, A¿Y-im-kv{X-Øn¬, P\-kw-Jym-im-kv{X-Øn¬, ssk\n-I-im-v{X-Øn¬ F∂n-

ßs\ \nc-h[n taJ-e-I-fn¬ CXvXpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Chn-sS, C¥y-bn-em-bmepw tIc-f-Øn-em-bmepw s]mXp-hn¬ XmXv]cyw

GsX-¶nepw sXmgn-ep-S-a-bpsS Iogn¬tPmen sNøm-\m-Wv. AXp-Xs∂ apºvsNbvXph∂ tPmen-I-fpsS X\n-bm-

h¿Ø\w sNøm-\m-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-°v,Poh-\-°m-c-\v, Hm^o-k¿°v thX\we`n-°p-∂-Xn\p dnkvIn-√mØ CØcw

tPmen sNbvXmepw aXn. ]t£ cmPy-Øns‚ As√-¶n¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ ka-{K-amb hf¿®bv°pw hnIm-k-Øn\pw

CXp-t]m-c. ]pXnb hn⁄m-t\m-Xv]m-Z\w thWw.

]gb tPmen-Iƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°m≥ ]gb Adn-hp-Iƒ aXn. ]s£,

]gb hn⁄m\w sh®v ]cn-l-cn-°m-\m-hmØ {]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥,]pXnb hn⁄m-t\m-Xv]m-Z\w thWw,

Kth-jWw thWw GXv imkv{X-ta-J-e-bn-em-bmepw˛Po-h-im-kv{X-am-bm-epw- -A-Xn\v KWnXw C∂v Ah-tiym-]m-[n-

bm-Wv.

B[p-\nI KWnX ]pkvX-I-߃,Kth-jW {]_-‘-߃ hmbn-®m¬km[m-c-W-°m¿°v am{X-a-√, KWn-X-

Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncp-Z-tam, Kth-j-W-_n-cp-Ztam D≈-h¿°p-t]mepw]eXpw a\- n-em-In-√. A{X-am{Xwhf¿® B hn⁄m-\-im-J-bn¬ D≠m-

sF.-Sn.-bmWv henbthX\w e`n-°p∂ HcpsXmgn¬ taJe C∂v.F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv _ncpZwthWw B taJ-e-bn¬sXmgn¬ In´m≥F∂mWv s]mXp-[m-c-W.F∂m¬ tkm^vSvshb¿cwKsØ ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-߃°pw hnI-k-\-߃°pw G‰hpwA\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-bXvKWn-X-Øns‚ {]tbm-K-am-Wv. C‚¿s\-‰v,samss_¬, Sn.-hn. F∂n-h-sbms° Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ sF.-kn.-Sn.hnI-k-\-Ønepw hym]-\-Ønepw \n¿Wm-b-I-ambapt∂-‰-Øn\p as‰-¥n-t\-°mfpw {][m\w KWnXkt¶-X-߃ {]tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm-Wv.

10 am¿®v 201210

bn-s°m-≠n-cn -°p-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬C¥ym-°mcpw tIcfo-b-cp-amb an°A`y-kvX-hn-Zycpw B[p-\nI KWnXw]Tn-°p∂Xnt\m AXn¬ Kth-jWwsNøp-∂-Xnt\m H´pw XmXv]cyw ImWn-°p-∂n-√. "A∏w Xn∂m¬ t]msc, Ipgn-sb-Æ-Wtam' F∂ ]g-s©m-√p-t]m-se,tPmen sNbvXm¬ t]msc, AXv KWn-X-Øn¬Xs∂ BI-W-sa-∂pt≠mF∂mWv an°-hcpw tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv.

C¥y-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn°v Bh-iy-amb Kth-j-W-hn-⁄m\w ssIam-dp-hm≥ Ata-cn° Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ cmPy-߃ Xøm-d-√. C¥y kmº-Øn-I-ambpwhnI-k-\-]-c-ambpw apt∂-dp-t¥mdpwCØcw A\p- hw h¿[n-°pw. KWn-X-Im-cy-Øn¬ a‰p ]e-Xnepw F∂-t]mse \mw kzbw-]-cym-]vXX t\Sp-Itb ]cn-lm-c-ap-≈q. hntZ-i-ß-fn¬Xma-kn-°p∂ ]e C¥y-°mcpw KWn-X-tem-IØv AXn-Im-b-cm-bn-Øo¿∂n- p-≠v. Ah¿°v Bh-iy-amb t{]m’m-l-\hpw t{]c-Wbpw kuI-cy-ßfpwAhnsS e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

Chn-sSbpw KWn-X-]-T\Øn\pwKth-j-W-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬ kuI-cy-߃, D∂-X-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ ÿm]-\-߃, Ah-bn¬ {]K-¤-c-amb KWn-X-

⁄¿ Hs°-bp-≠m-I-Ww. H‰bv°v GsX-¶nepw hnZym¿Yntbm A[ym-]-Itcmÿm]-\tam CXn\pw ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v \mw B{K-ln-°p∂ apt∂‰wKWn-X-tem-I-Øp-≠m-h-W-sa-∂n-√.

KWn-X-Øns‚ {]m[m\ywhn⁄m-\-a-fi-e-Ønepw `uXn-I-

]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw KWn-X-Øns‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-X, KWn-X-Øns‚ {]tbm-K-£-a-X- -\m-\m-a-fi-e-ß-fn¬, am\-h-cm-in-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ KWnXw hln-®Xpw hln®psIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb ]¶v, KWn-X-Øns‚kuμ-cyw, KWnXw D√m-k-Øn-\v˛Cßs\ \nc-h[n Imcy-߃ P\-߃s]mXp-hn¬ KWn-X-h¿jm-tLm-j-Øns‚ `mK-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A\p-`-hn-®p-a-\- n-em-°p-IbpwsNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.

G‰hpw {][m\w KWnXw bp‡n-bpsS mj-bmWv F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv AXn\v kao-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw{]kvXm-h-\-I-fp-sSbpw a‰pw cq]-Øn¬km[m-cW mj-bn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn X\-Xmb `mj-bp-≈-Xv. CXvXßsf B{I-an-®p-sIm-√m≥ \n¬°p∂`oI-c-P-¥p-hmWv F∂ a´n-emWv km[m-c-W-°m¿ KWn-XsØ ImWp-∂-Xv. a\p-

jy-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn, a\p-jy¿ G¿s∏-Sp∂ taJ-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SmØH∂pw KWn-X-Øn¬ C√. AXv G‰hpwkw-£n-]vX-ambn ]d-bp-Ibpw {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv KWn-X-Øns‚coXn.

KWn -X-Øn -s‚-˛ -`m -c -X -Øns‚F∂pw ]d-bmw-˛-kw-`m-h-\-Iq-Sn-bmWv]qPyw AS-°-ap≈ kwJy-Iƒ. Ah-bn-√m-sX \ap°v Hcp \nan-jw-t]mepwNn¥n-°m-\m-hn-√. AtX-k-abw \mwHm¿t°-≠Xv G‰hpw Aaq¿Ø-amWvAh F∂m-Wv. KWnXw samØ-Øn¬Aaq¿Ø-amWv. AXn-s\-bmWv km[m-cW F√m-hcpw t]Sn-°p-∂-Xv. ]s£Aaq¿ØX C√msX \ap°v \ne-\n¬°m-\p-am-hn-√. AXns\ Fßs\ssIImcyw sNø-Ww, Fßs\ IqsS-s°m≠p \S-°-Ww, Fßs\ a\- n-em-°Ww F∂-XmWv \sΩ aYn-°p∂{]iv\w. \ne-\n-ev]n-\m-bp≈ Pohn-X-k-a-c-Øn¬ am\-h-cmin hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Du∂p-h-Sn-bmWv; klm-bn-bmWvKWnXw F∂pw Pohn-X-K-‘n-b-√mØH∂pw AXn¬ C√ F∂pw a\- n-em-°m\pw Hm¿°p-hm\pw Ign-™m¬KWnXw \ΩpsS k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cnbpwDØ-a-kp-lr-Øp-ambn amdpw.

imkv{X-KXn 11

Ih¿tÃmdn

1. hnZym`ymkØns‚ DZmØambe£y߃ apgph≥ AwKoIcn®p-sIm≠pXs∂, Hmtcm hy‡nsbbpwkaqlØns‚ DXv]mZ\ tkh\ cwK-ßfn¬ kz¥w ]¶v hln°m-\p≈{]m]vXnbp≈h≥(ƒ) B°nØo-¿-°pI F∂Xpw AXns‚ kp{][m\-amb Hcp eIv-jyw BsW∂v kΩ-Xnt® Xocq. B ]¶v F¥msW-∂p-≈Xv B hy‡nbpsS P∑kn≤ambIgnhpw hmk\bpw ]cnioe\hpwA[zm\n°m\p≈ a\ pw B{ibn®n-cn°pw. Hmtcm hy‡nbpsSbpw Ign-hpIƒ hyXykvXw BsW∂v \ap°-

sXmgnepw

hnZym`ymkhpw

dnbmw. imkv{Xw, am\hnI hnjb߃XpSßnbh ]Tn®p ]co£Iƒ ]m m-Im\pw ]Tn∏n°m\pw ⁄m\ \n¿an-Xnbn¬ G¿s∏Sm\pw D≈ A°mZanIIgnhv Ahbn¬ H∂v am{Xw BWv-.]t£ \ΩpsS kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkwAsXmgnsI a‰v Hcp Ignhns\bpwAwKo-Icn°p∂n√. {]kvXpX Ign-hn¬]nt∂m°w Bb Ip´nIsf `Not fitfor higher studies` F∂ Ãmºv IpØna≠≥ F∂pw a≠n F∂pw ap{ZbSn®v]pdØm°pIbmWv \mw sNøp∂Xv.F∂m¬ ]ns∂ Chsc F¥n\vsIm≈mw F∂v- ]Øp sIm√w Chsc

]Tn∏n® \ap°v ]dbm≥ tXm∂p∂n√!kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØns‚ Dt±iywIp´nIsf D∂X hnZym`ymkØn\vXbmdm°pI am{Xw BsW∂ sX‰mbNn¥mKXn BWv- CXn\v ]n∂n¬. CXvamdWw. kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØn\vX\Xmb e£y߃ D≠v, "AXns\D∂X hnZym`ymkØns‚ ta¬s°m-b vabn¬ \n∂v - tamNn∏n°Ww'F∂mWv 1945 -¬ XncphnXmwIqdn¬\nban® hnZym`ymk ]p\: kwLS\mIΩn‰n \n¿tZin®Xv. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkØns‚ sshhn[yhXvIcWwBWv- Ah¿ Bhiys∏´Xv.

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv "thWw as‰mcp tIcfw' Imws]-bns‚`mK-ambn IÆq-cn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® "sXmgnepw hnZym- ym-khpw' F∂skan-\m-dn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]_‘w

12 am¿®v 2012

2. k¿h in£m A`nbm\ns‚e£yw"Gh¿°pw hnZym`ymkw'F∂Xv BWt√m. AXmbXv, kaql-Ønse F√m sXmgnepIƒ sNøp∂-hcpw hnZym`ymkw kn≤n®h¿ Bbn-cn°pw. kaqlØnse "hndIp sh´n-Ifpw sh≈w tImcnIfpw' aÆv Npa°p-∂hcpw ]dºnepw ]mSØpw ]Wn-sbSp°p∂hcpw ao≥ ]nSn°p∂hcpwCd®n sh´p∂hcpw F√mw hnZym-`ymkw kn≤n®h¿ Bbncn°pw F∂v-]d™m¬ AXns‚ A¿Yw F¥mWv?Ahsc√mw ]TnØw CSbv°v h®phn´htcm ]Øphsc ]Tn®n´v “Notfit for higher studies” F∂ k¿´n^n°‰vt\Snbhtcm Bbncn°pw F∂mtWm?AtXm, AhcpsS sXmgn¬, AXvF¥v Bbmepw, Iptd°qSn sa®ambnsNøm≥ th≠ hnZym`ymkw In´nb-h¿ Bbncn°pw F∂mtWm? CsXm-s° sNøm≥ F¥n\mWv hnZym`ymkwF∂mbncn°mw Hcp {]XnIcWw."]Øphsc ]Tn®n´pw CtX sNøm≥In´nbpt≈m' F∂mbncn°pw a‰p Nne-cpsS Isa‚ v. hnZym`ymkw tae\ßn]WnsbSp°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v- c£t\Sm\p≈ D]m[n BsW∂ ]gbNn¥mKXn BWv - AXnsems°{]Xn^en°p∂Xv. t\sc adn®v-, hnZym-`ymkw kn≤n®h¿ Cu ]WnIƒsNøp-tºmƒ Cu sXmgnepIfpsSkz`mhw amdpw. imkv{XØns‚bpwkmt¶XnI hnZybpsSbpw {]tbmKwsXmgnepIfpsS B[p\nIhXvIc-W-Ønse°pw DXv]mZ\ £aX Dbcp-∂Xnse°pw sXmgnenSØns‚ am\y-Xbnse°pw sXmgnemfnbpsS hcpam\hcv[\hnsebv°pw \bn°pw; \bn-°Ww. F¶nte B hnZym`ymkwA¿∞-]q¿Ww BIq.

3. Aßs\ BIWsa¶n¬ ]Øph¿jsØ hnZym`ymkw t]mcm. AXv]{¥≠p h¿jw thWw. F¶n¬ am{X-ta kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-Iptºmƒ hnZym¿Yn°v ]Xns\´phb v XnI™ncn°q; kz¥ambn]Wn-sbSpØv Pohn°m\p≈ {]mbwBIq. kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØns‚Ahkm\ c≠v h¿jw Ah¿°vXncs™SpØ sXmgn¬ taJebn¬Adnhpw sshZKv[yhpw {]mtbmKnI]cnNbhpw t\Sm≥ th≠n am‰nh-bv°Ww. kaqlØnse _lp qcn]-£Øns‚bpw hgn CXmbncn°Ww.Dbcv∂ AdnhpIƒ t\Sm\pw AXn\p-th≠n C\nbpw Iptd h¿j߃ sNe-hgn°m\pw am\knIambpw _p≤n]c-ambpw tijnbpw Xbmdpw D≈ Hcphn`mKw t]¿ am{XamWv D∂X hnZym-`ym-kØnte°v t]mtI≠Xv. _m°n-bp≈h¿ t\cn´p sXmgnente°pwPohnXØnte°pw {]thin°m≥t]mIp-∂-hcmWv. Ahsc AXn\p-th≠n Xbmdm°pI F∂XmWv hnZym-`ymkØns‚ [¿aw.

4. GsX√mw XcØnep≈, GsX-√mw Afhnep≈ sshZKv[y߃BWv- Hcp kaqlØn\p th≠XvF∂-Xv B kaqlØns‚ hnIk\L´sØ B{ibn®ncn°pw. kmt¶Xn-Iambn D∂Xn {]m]n® Hcp kaql-Øn¬ IqSpX¬ tPmenIƒ°pw k¶o¿-Wamb sshZKv≤yw Bhiyam -tb°mw. Ahbv°v shdpw ]cnioe\wam{Xw aXnbmhpIbn√, B taJe-bn¬ D∂X hnZym`ymkw Xs∂ th≠n-hcpw. At∏mgmWv- - IqSpX¬ Ip´nIsfD∂X hnZym`ymkØnte°v Ab-t°≠n hcp∂Xv. CXv Hcp kzm`mhnI{]{Inb Bbncn°Ww. Ir{Xnaw BbnCXv \S∏m°m≥ ]‰n√. Aßs\sNbv-Xm¬, D∂X hnZym`ymkw t\Snb-hcpsS sXmgnen√vembvatbm Ah¿°vtNcmØ sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏sS≠p∂Ahÿtbm kwPmXw BImw. (tIc-fØnse sXmgnen√mØhcn¬ \s√m-cp ]¶v πkv Sq ]m mbh¿ BsW∂p-≈Xv- CXn\v sXfnhmWv.) F√mh-¿°pw D∂X hnZym`ymkw sImSp°p-∂Xn\p≈ sNehv kaql-Øn\phln°m≥ Bhn√ F∂Xv sIm≠v,D∂X hnZym`ymkw AXn-\p≈ sNehvXmßm≥ Ignbp-∂-h¿°mbn ]cnanX-s∏SpØs∏Sp∂ Ahÿbpw D≠m-Imw. CXpw Btcm-Ky-Icw A√t√m.AXpsIm≠v, D∂X hnZym`ymkwGtXXp taJeIfn¬ thWw, GXpAfhn¬ thWw XpSßnb Xocpam-\߃ kaql-Øn-s‚ DØchmZn-

]Øp h¿jsØhnZym`ymkw t]mcm.AXv ]{¥≠p h¿jwthWw. F¶n¬ am{X-takvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw]q¿Øn-bm-IptºmƒhnZym¿Yn°v ]Xns\´phb v XnI™ncn°q;kz¥ambn ]Wn-sbSpØvPohn°m\p≈ {]mbwBIq. kvIqƒhnZym`ymkØns‚Ahkm\ c≠v h¿jwAh¿°v Xncs™SpØsXmgn¬ taJebn¬Adnhpw sshZKv[yhpw{]mtbmKnI ]cnNbhpwt\Sm≥ th≠n am‰nh-bv°Ww. kaqlØnse_lp `qcn]-£Øns‚bpw hgnCXmbncn°Ww. Dbcv∂AdnhpIƒ t\Sm\pwAXn\p-th≠n C\nbpwIptd h¿j߃ sNe-hgn°m\pwam\knIambpw_p≤n]c-ambpwtijnbpw Xbmdpw D≈Hcp hn`mKw t]¿am{XamWv D∂X hnZym-`ym-kØnte°vt]mtI≠Xv

imkv{X-KXn 13

ØØn¬ Xs∂ D≠mIWw. CXvhn]Wn°v hnSp∂ {]hWX icnb√.

5. kaqlØn\v Bhiyap≈\qdpIW°n\√ Bbnc°W°n\ptPmenIƒ \ap°v Np‰pap≠v. Chbn¬hfsd Ipd®v tPmenIƒ°v am{XtaCt∏mƒ Hu]NmcnIamb ]cnioe\wD≈q. _m°nsb√mw A\u]Nmcn-I-ambn HmtcmcpØ¿ kzbw ]Tn°p-IbmWv. h¿°v tjm∏v sa°m\nIvBbn ]WnsbSp°p∂hcn¬ _lp-`qcn]£w t]cpw sF ‰n sF k¿´n-^n°‰v D≈hc√. h¿°v tjm∏pI-fn¬ A\u]NmcnIambn \n∂v -takvXncnbpsS Ingp°pw kv]m\¿sIm≠p≈ sIm´pw sIm≠v ]Wn]Tn®h¿ BWv-. CXv kmt¶XnItaJebnse Ahÿ am{Xa√. an°]WnIfpsSbpw Ahÿ CXv Xs∂-bmWv. \√ KpakvX\mIm\pw, \√dnk-]vj\nÃv BIm\pw, \√ hnev]-\-°mc≥(Imcn) BIm\pw hnZKv[-]cnioe\w thWw. _‘s∏´ taJ-ebn¬ Adnhpw thWw. CXns\-sb-√mw Hu]NmcnI hnZym`ymk-Øns‚`mKw B°n am‰Ww. Bg-Ønep≈AdnhpIƒ Bhiy-ap≈ sXmgnep-Isf D∂X hnZym`ymk-Øn-s‚ mKwB°Ww (DZmlcWw: A[ym]\w,F≥Pn\obdnwKv, sshZyw, \nbaw.)Hu]NmcnI ]cnioe\hpw k¿´n-^n-°‰pw am{Xw t]mcm; ]Wnbpw Adn-bWw. aebmfw Un.‰n.]n.°v k¿´n-^n°‰v D≈h¿ F{Xtbm t]¿ D≠v;]t£ ]Wn Adnbmhp∂htcm?CXpw F√m taJeIfnepw _m[IwBWv-.

6. ]t£ C{X A[nIw t{SUpIƒ]Tn∏n°m≥ kvIqfpIƒ°v IgnbptamF∂ tNmZyw hfsc {]k‡w BWv.C∂sØ coXnbn¬ BsW¶n¬Xo¿®bmbpw ]‰n√. ]t£ Cu t{SUp-IfpsS {]mŒn°¬ F√mw icnbmbsXmgnenSßfn¬ Xs∂ BIWwF∂v- h®mtem? Irjn ]Tn°p∂h¿\m´nse {][m\ I¿jIs‚ IqsS\n∂v- Irjn sNbvXp ]Tn°Ww.AXn\v AXymhiyw th≠ Xobdnam{Xw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn∏n®m¬ aXn.AXpt]mse kwKoXw ]Tns°≠h¿\m´nse kwKoX hnZpjnbpsStbmhnZzms‚tbm ASpØv \n∂v- kwKoXw]Tn°s´. Ah¿ Xs∂ Ip´nIsfhnebncpØn t{KUpw \¬Is´. CucoXnbn¬ Hmtcm {]tZiØpw Fs¥-√mw t{SUpIƒ ]Tn∏n°Ww, Ah-bv°v th≠ {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\wFhnsS sImSp°mw, Fs∂√mw Xt±ikzbw `cW ÿm]\ßfpambn

tN¿∂p Xocpam\n°Ww. Chbpambn_‘n∏n°p∂ tPmenbpw Ah¿°vXs∂ sNømw. Aßs\ HmtcmkvIqfpw AXXp {]tZihpambn ssPh-_‘ap≈ ÿm]\w Bbn amdWw.

7. sXmgn¬ hnZym`ymkØns‚sNehv Bcp hln°Ww? D∂XhnZym`ymk-Øn\v kvtImf¿jn∏pIƒ(]cnanXam-sb¶nepw) e`yamWv.]s£ ASn-ÿm\ XeØnep≈sXmgn¬ ]cnio-e\w an°hmdpwsk¬^v ^n\m≥-knwKv coXnbn¬BWv-. CXpw amdWw. hnZym`ymkwauenI AhImiw B°ptºmƒ,AXv A¿∞]q¿Wamb hnZym`ymkwBIWw. F¶n¬, AXn¬ sXmgn¬hnZym`ymkw IqSn s]SWw. AXn-\p≈sNehv kaqlw Xs∂ hlnt®aXnbmhq.

8. Cu ImgvN∏mSv A\pkcn®v C∂v\nehnep≈ Ahÿsb Fßs\am‰mw F∂mWv t\mt°≠Xv. C∂vc≠v coXnbnemWv hnZym`ymk hyh-ÿbn¬ {]hrØn ]cnNbw DƒsIm-≈n-®n-cn°p∂Xv. H∂v, s]mXp hnZym-`ym-kØns‚ `mKambn \¬Ip∂{]hrØn ]cnNb ¢m pIƒ BWv-.F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw GsX¶nepwssIsØmgnen¬ A\p`hw sImSp-°p-Ibpw AXv hgn ImbnI A[zm\-tØmSv aXn∏v kr„n°pIbpw BWv-CXns‚ {]Jym]nX eIv-jyw. AXv\√Xp Xs∂. Nne kvIqfpIfn¬ CXvKuch _p≤ntbmsS \S∏m°p∂p-ap≠v. F¶nepw ]ebnSØpw CXvshdpw hgn]mSp am{Xw BWv F∂-

\√ KpakvX\mIm\pw,\√ dnk-]vj\nÃvBIm\pw, \√ hnev]-\-°mc≥(Imcn) BIm\pwhnZKv[-]cnioe\wthWw. _‘s∏´ taJ-ebn¬ Adnhpw thWw.CXns\-sb-√mwHu]NmcnI hnZym`ymk-Øns‚ `mKw B°nam‰Ww. Bg-Ønep≈AdnhpIƒ Bhiy-ap≈tXmgnep-Isf D∂XhnZym`ymk-Øn-s‚ `mKwB°Ww. Hu]NmcnI]cnioe\hpw k¿´n- n-°‰pw am{Xw t]mcm;]Wnbpw Adn-bWw.aebmfw Un.‰n.]n.°vk¿´n- n°‰v D≈h¿F{Xtbm t]¿ D≠v;]t£ ]WnAdnbmhp∂htcm?CXpw F√mtaJeIfnepw _m[IwBWv-.

14 am¿®v 2012

XmWv kXyw. Iºyq´dn\pw a‰pambnG‰hpw BZyw IpcpXn sImSp°p-∂Xpw. Cu ]oscySv Bbncn°pw. CuG¿∏mSv hnPbn°Ww F¶n¬ A[ym-]I¿°pw kvIqƒ A[nIrX¿°pwCXns‚ {]m[m\ysØ ]‰n \√t_m[yw D≠mbmte ]‰q.

9. c≠matØXv {]tXyI kvIqfpI-fn¬ \¬Ip∂ hntijm¬ ]cnioe\wBWv-. shmt°j\¬ lb¿ sk°-≠dn, sSIv\n°¬ ssl kvIqƒ, sF.‰n.kn/sF.‰n.sF F∂nhsbms°CXn¬ s]Spw. Xncs™SpØ sXmgn¬taJeIfn¬ hnZK v[ sXmgn¬tk\sb kr„n°pI F∂ eIv-jywBWv- Cu ]≤XnbpsS ]n∂n¬. sF.‰n.sF./sF.‰n.kn.Iƒ Cu e£y-Øn¬ kmam\yw hnPbn°p∂pap≠v.]t£ Ah hfsc Ipd®v taJe-Ifn¬, AXpw F\vPn\obdnßpambn_‘s]´ taJeIfn¬, am{Xtae`yamIp∂p≈q. hnimeamb sXmgn¬taJeIsf e£yam°p∂Xv hn FNvFkv C BWv-. Ahsb A{X Xs∂^e{]Zw F∂v- ]d™pIqSm. AXn\v]e ImcW߃ D≠v. H∂v, {]mtbm-KnI ]cnioe\Øn\v th≠{X{]m[m\yw sImSpØn´n√. sXmgn¬CSßfpw Bbn _‘s∏SpØnb√

{]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\w \¬Ip∂Xv.H.sP.‰n. F∂ t]cn¬ \S°p∂Xvth≠{X ^e{]Zw A√. c≠v,sXmgn¬ hnjbßtfmsSm∏w πkvSq°mcpsS kb≥kpw IqsS ]Tn∏n®p]co£ \SØn Pbn∏n®p πkvSqhn\p Xpeyw BIm\p≈ \o°wthms°j\¬ ]T\Øns‚ {]m[m-\yw Ipd®v If™p. C¥ybn¬as‰mcnSØpw Cu coXnbn¬ hn.FN.vFkv.C.tb Zp¿hymJym\w sNbvXn-´n√. CXv ASnb¥ncambn XncpØWw.{]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\w, ta¬ kqNn-∏n®Xpt]mse sXmgn¬ CSßfpambn_‘n∏n®p ]cnjvIcn°Ww.

10. sXmgn¬ A[n„nX ]T\hp-ambn _‘s∏´v Ft∏mgpw Dbcp∂Hcp tNmZyw AXv Xncs™Sp°p∂Ip´nIfpsS XpS¿ ]T\ km[yXIƒBWv-. thms°j\¬ tImgvkpIƒAhbpsS kz`mhw sIm≠v Xs∂‘terminal courses’ BWv-. AXv Ign™B bphm°ƒ t\sc AXXp sXmgn-ep -Ifn¬ {]thin°pw F∂mWvk¶¬]w. hn.FNv.Fkv.C.°m¿°vUntπmabvt°m Un{Knt°m kwh-c-Ww F∂Xv B kwhn[m\Øn¬ Dt±-in®n´n√. ]t£, hn.FNv.Fkv.CIgn™p sXmgnen¬ {]thin°p∂

Hcmƒ ]n∂oSv XpS¿∂v ]Tn°m≥B{Kln®m¬ Xo¿®bmbpw AXn\vAhkcw \¬Ipwhn[Ønep≈hg°w (flexibiltiy) D∂X hnZym`ymkkwhn[m\Øn\v D≠mIWw. Aßs\B{Kln°p∂h¿ Hcp ]t£ Ah¿hn FNv Fkv C °v ]Tn®n´n√mØXpwlb¿ sk°≠dn°m¿ ]Tn®n´p -≈Xpw Bb hnjb߃ IqSpXembn]Tn®p tbmKyX t\sS≠nhcpw.AXn\v Hm∏¨ kvIqfpIfpw Hm∏¨bq\nthgvkn´nIfpw klmbn°Ww.

11. hn.FNv.Fkv.C.°v Ct∏mƒsImSp-°p∂Xnt\°mƒ hfsc IqSp-X¬ hnjb߃ e`yamt°-≠-Xp≠v.kaql-Øn\v Bhiyap≈ F√mtaJ--e-Ifnepw Hu]NmcnI hnZym-`ymkhpw {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\hpw\¬Im\p≈ kwhn[m\w D≠mIWw.Ah ImenIambn ]pXp°pIbpwA{]k‡ambh Ahkm\n∏n°p-Ibpw sNøWw. Nne {lkzIme ]cn-io-e\ßfpw ]ckv]c _‘ap≈]e tImgvkpIƒ tN¿∂ k¶c tImgv-kpIfpw Bhmw. sXmgn¬ cwKØvD≈h¿°v th≠nbp≈ B[p\nI-hXvIrX tImgvkpIfpw cq]I¬]\sNøWw. AXns\ms° th≠ hg°wkwhn[m\Øn\v D≠mIWw.

imkv{X-KXn 15

BapJwkvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ e£ywIp´n-Isf k¿h-I-em-imem hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Xbm-dm-°pI am{Xw BsW∂sX‰mb Nn¥m-K-Xnsb am‰n, hnZym- ym-ksØ sXmgn-ep-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn,_lp-`q-cn-]-£-Øn\pw t\cn´v sXmgn-en-te-°pw, Pohn-X-Øn-te°pw {]th-

in-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv F√m-h¿°pw12-˛mw ¢mkv ]T\w \n¿_-‘-ambpw]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ s]mXp hnZym-`ymk coXn-bn¬am‰w hcWw F∂m-Wt√m \mw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬kwÿm-\Øv \S-∏n-em°n hcp∂

kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk coXn-IsfIpdn®pw AXn¬ th≠ am‰-ßsfkw_-‘n®pw ˛ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn¬ kmt¶-XnI ]T\w Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Fß-s\-sbms° km[n°pwF∂p {lkz-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I-bmWv Cu Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv.

Ih¿tÃmdn]n.-]n. KtW-i≥

kmt¶-XnI hnZym- ym-khpw

sXmgnepwF√m-hcpw GsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬ Xs‚ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambnA`y-kn-®n-cn-°Ww F∂ Km‘n-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv Hcn-°¬ HcpA\p-bmbn tNmZn-®Xv _m¶-dpsS aI≥ F¥n-\mWv \q¬\q¬]v ]Tn-°p-∂XvF∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v Km‘nPn \¬Inb adp-]-Sn, sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Øn-eqsSAh≥ ssIh-cn-°p∂ sshZ-Kv≤yw Ahs‚ `mhn-bpw _m¶nwKv{]hr-Ønbpw Imcy-£aam°m≥ klm-bn°pw F∂m-Wv.

16 am¿®v 2012

kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymkhIp∏v

tIc-f-Ønse Hu]-Nm-cnI kmt¶-XnI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂-Xv, tIcf kmt¶-Xn-I hnZym- ymkhIp-∏m-Wv. D∂X hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn-emWv CXv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. IqSmsX hyh-kmb hIp-∏ns‚Iogn-ep≈ C‚-kv{Sn-b¬ s{Sbn-\nwKvC≥Ãn-‰yq v (ITI), DVHSE bpsS Iogn¬{]h¿Øn-°p∂ VHSE Ifpw Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p≠v.

tIcf kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymkhIp∏v 1957- -emWv cq]w sIm≠-Xv. CuhIp-∏n\v Iogn¬ 12 F©n-\o-b-dnwKvtImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 49 t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIvtImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 39 sSIv\n-°¬ sslkvIqfp-Ifpw, 42 Sn.-Pn.-Fw.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw,4 shmt°-j-W¬ s{Sbn-\nwKv sk‚-dp-Ifpw, 3 ss^≥ B¿Svkv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. (17 sImta-gvky¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq- p-Ifpw D≠v)

CXn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pns\ am‰n-\n¿Øn a‰p taJ-e-I-fnse{]h¿Ø-\-ßfmWv ChnsS ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn¬ BZyw t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv taJe ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-IƒcmPy -Øns‚ kpÿn-c -amb

kmaqly, kmº-ØnI hf¿®-bv°p-

th≠n hyh-kmb taJ-ebv°v Bh-iy-amb "hnZKv≤ sXmgn¬ tk\' D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn®v \S-∏n-em-°-emWv t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°n-eqsS hIp∏v e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

hyh-kmb kaq-lsØ klm-bn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv≤scXbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬ CXns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ F{X-tØmfw hnP-bn®p F∂pw,C\n GXv Zni-bn-ep≈ am‰-amWv CucwKØv hcp-tØ-≠-sX∂pw \ap°v]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

tIc-f-Ønse 49 t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°vtImtfPpIfn¬ {]Xn-h¿jw 9520t]¿°mWv {]th-i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv.BsI 23 F©n-\o-b-dnwKv taJ-e-I-fn-emWv ]cn-io-e-\w. 6 ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-em-bmWv ]cn-io-e\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv. ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ knhn¬F©n-\o-b-dnwKv, sa°m-\n-°¬, Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv, Iºyq- ¿F©n-\o-b-dnwKv F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn-emWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]¿°v {]th-i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Bt´m samss_¬F©n-\o-b-dnwKv, C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚-j≥,sF.-Sn., t]mfn-a¿ sSIvt\m-fPn, B¿In-sS-IvN¿, Sqƒ B≥Uv ssU sSIvt\m-fPn, _tbm saUn-°¬ C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚-j≥ F∂o ]pØ≥ Xe-apd

tImgvkp-Iƒ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ am{X-amWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Icn-°pewIcn-°pew Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-

jvI-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb coXn-bn¬ t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fnse em_v/h¿Ivtjm∏v kuIcywh¿≤n-°p-∂n-√.

^m°ƒ´n-Iƒ°v IrXy-amb ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im≥ ]≤-Xn-bp-s≠-¶n-epw,F^v. -Un. -]n. (Faculty DevelopmentProgramme) \n¿_-‘-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬XmXv]-cy-ap-≈-h¿°v am{X-ambn ]cn-io-e\w amdp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ t]mfn A[ym-]-I¿°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im≥ NITTTR {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am-Wv. kwÿm\ k¿°m-cn\pwIrXy-amb ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]mSn D≠v.

F∂m¬ em_v/h¿Ivtjm∏v kuI-cy-߃ sa®-s∏-tS-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v sa°m-\n-°¬F©n-\o-b-dnwKv/Bt´m samss_¬F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnjbw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

ssZ\w-Zn\w Ft∂mWw hnI-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu taJ-e-bn¬ ˛ ]pXnbF©n-\p-Isf ]‰ntbm ˛ D]-I-c-W-ßsf∏‰ntbm t\cn v a\- n-em°n ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw C∂v tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ C√ F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬t]mepwAhÿ hyXy-kvXa-√.

CXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv _tbmsaUn-°¬ C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚-j≥, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv B‚ v C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚-j≥ F∂o hnj-b-ß-fnse Imcyhpw.B[p-\n-I-amb D]-I-c-W-߃ tPmene`n-®-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-amWv Ip´n-IƒImWp-∂-Xv.

hyh-kmb temI-Øn-\m-h-iy-ambXc-Øn¬ hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v CØcw sXmgn¬kml-N-cy-ß-fp-ambn t\cn v _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-kcw Hcp-°p-I-bmWvth≠-Xv. (Hmtcm ÿm]-\-ØnepwB[p-\nI em_v kuIcyw Hcp-°¬{]mtbm-Kn-I-am-hn-√).

Xan-gv\mSv kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk hIp∏pw tImgvkp-Ifpw

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xan-gv\m-´nset]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ tImgvkp-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v eLp-hmb Hcp ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øp-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

Xan-gv\m-´nse t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ 69 Xcw tImgvkp-Iƒ ]Tn-

tIcf kmt¶-XnI hnZym- ymk hIp∏v 1957- -emWvcq]w sIm≠-Xv. Cu hIp-∏n\v Iogn¬ 12 F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 49 t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 39 sSIv\n-°¬ ssl kvIqfp-Ifpw, 42 Sn.-Pn.-Fw.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw, 4 shmt°-j-W¬ s{Sbn-\nwKv sk‚-dp-Ifpw, 3 ss^≥ B¿Svkv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.

imkv{X-KXn 17

h¿ Untπma {]th-i\w t\Sn-b-sX-¶n¬2011 BIp-tºm-tg°pw CXv 0% Bbn.AXm-bXv F√m-hcpw +2 or VHSE Ign-™mWv t]mfn AUvan-j≥ t\Sp-∂-Xv.

10-˛mw ¢mkv ASn-ÿm\ tbmKyXBb-Xn-\m¬ Chsc πkvSp eh-enseIW-°v, kb≥kv, Cw•njv F∂nh]Tn-∏n-°m≥ tImtf-Pn-tb‰v FPp-t°-j-\n¬\n∂pw _‘-s∏´ hnj-b-ß-fnseAkn-Â v s{]m^-k¿amsctbm,s{]m -k¿amsctbm \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂p.ChnsS t\csØ ]Tn® hnjbw Xs∂ho≠pw ]Tn-°m-\m-bmWv Cu `mcn®sNe-hpw, ka-bhpw sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xv.

\n¿t±-i-߃Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \S-∏n-em-°m-hp∂

Nne \n¿t±-i-߃ N¿®-°mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

1. t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtfPv AUvan-j-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ tbmKyX +2 /VHSC B°-Ww.

2. Ct∏mƒ A[n-I-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂kb≥kv hnj-b-߃ (Physics,Chemistry) AtX coXn-bn¬ ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xn-√.

3. F∂m¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv amØ-am-‰n-Ivkv, IΩyq-Wn-t°-‰ohv Cw•ojvF∂nh 4 ska-ÿ hsc-sb-¶nepw]Tn -∏n -°-Ww. AXn\v lb¿sk°≥U-dnbn¬ D≈ A[ym-]-I¿aXn-bm-Ipw.

4. aq∂p-h¿jsØ ]T\ Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 3 amkw hyh-km-b-im-e-I-fn¬ sN∂v ]cn-io-e\wt\Sm≥ Ah-kcw D≠m-I-Ww. (In-stitute Industrial Interaction) CXvXpS¿®-bmb 3 amk-Øn-\p-]-I-cw;

1- mw h¿jw ASn-ÿm\ hnh-c-߃]Tn-°m≥ kao] hyh-km-b-im-e-I-fn¬/h¿Ivtjm∏pI-fn¬ 2 BgvN-°m-esØ ]cn-io-e-\w.

2˛mw h¿jw Xm≥ ]Tn-°p∂ _‘-s∏´ hnj-b-ß-fpsS kml-N-cy-ap≈hyh-km-b-im-e-bn¬ 2 BgvNsØ]cn-io-e\w

3˛mw h¿jw H.-sP.-Sn. (On the JobTraining) e`n-°-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬hyh-km-b-Øn¬ tPmen ]cn-Nbw/]cn-io-e\w ˛ CXv Ct∏m-gsØt{]mPIvSv h¿°v {]h¿Ø-\-hp-ambntbmPn-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

tImgvkp-I-fnse kvs]jy-sse-tk-j≥

Xan-gv\mSv t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬\¬Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ hnj-b-ß-fnsekvs]jy-sse-tk-j≥ hnZym¿∞n-Isft\cn v hyh-kmbime-I-fn-te°v {]th-in-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

DZm: sSIvssì sSIvt\m-fPn/sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Insti-tute Industry Interaction Hcp IÆq¿ Pn√m]co-£Ww:˛)

∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ 23 BWvFt∂m¿°p-I.

ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Nne tImgvkp-Isf kw_-‘n®v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

DZm: (1) sSIvssì sSIvt\m-f-Pn:Textile Marketing Management, Textile Pro-cessing, Textile Garment Technology, Tex-tile Man made Fibre Technology, TextileDesigning / Shuttle less weaving, Textileknitting and embroidary, Txtronics / Ap-parel Technology etc. (\-ap°v BsIHcp sSIvssì sSIvt\m-fPn tImgvkvam{X-amWv D≈-Xv)

DZm: (2) sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv: Mechanical Engineering Tool & Diemaking, Welding Technology, MechanicalEngineering M/C Tool maintenance, Piping‘x’ ray welding, Mechanicla Engineering,Regrigerator & A/C, Mechanical Engineer-ing Rounding & Casting, Mechanical Engi-neering Automobile, Mechanical Engi-neering Environmental & Pollution Control(\-ap°v ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb sa°m\n-°¬F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImgvkv am{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv)

a‰p Nne \qX\ tImgvkp-Iƒt\m°mw: Direction & Screen Play writ-ing, TV Producing, Film Editing & T V Pro-duction, Film Technology & Film Process-ing, Applied Arts & Craf, Modern OfficeProcessing XpSßn hyh-kmb taJ-e-bn-te°v t\cn v {]th-in-°m-\p-X-Ip∂tImgvkp-I-fmWv ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

{]th-i\wt\csØ tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-hn-

Zym- ym-k-Øns‚ sS¿an-\¬ t]mbn‚ v10-˛mw ¢mkv Bbn-cp∂ Ime-ØmWvt]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv {]th-i\ 10- mw ¢mkn¬1˛mw ¢mkv hnPbw (BsI IW-°v,kb≥kv hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv50% am¿°v) F∂ coXn ÿm]n-®-Xv.

C∂v kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚sS¿an-\¬ tÃPv 12-˛mw ¢mkmbn amdn-sb-¶nepw t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv {]th-i-\-Øn¬ Cu am‰w h∂n-´n-√. F∂m¬bYm¿∞-Øn¬ t]mfn AUvan-j≥t\Sp-∂Xv Bcm-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

RWPC ]ø-∂q-cn¬ am{Xw \S-Ønb]T-\w (SSLC am{Xw ]m m-b-h¿)

{_m©v 2009 2010 2011

E1 2/512/55

0/47

CT 7/565/56

0/57

CABM 5/472/46

0/52

2009- 2010 Ifn¬ 5% t]cmWv Fkv.-Fkv.F¬.kn. am{Xw tbmKy-X-bp-≈-

t\csØ tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øns‚sS¿an-\¬ t]mbn‚ v 10- mw ¢mkv Bbn-cp∂ Ime-ØmWv t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv {]th-i\ 10- mw ¢mkn¬1˛mw ¢mkv hnPbw F∂ coXn ÿm]n-®-Xv.C∂v kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ sS¿an-\¬ tÃPv12-˛mw ¢mkmbn amdn-sb-¶nepw t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv{]th-i-\-Øn¬ Cu am‰w h∂n- n-√

18 am¿®v 2012

IÆq¿ Pn√-bnse t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIvtImtf-Pp-Ifpw Chn-SsØ {][m\hyh-km-b-im-e-I-fmb Uªn-bp.-sF.-]n.,sI¬t{Sm¨, _n.-Sn.-U-ªnbpXpS-ßnbÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®v, hnZym-¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im≥ HcpsamUyqƒ D≠m-°n-bn- p-≠v.

CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnZym-¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-I-bpw,Ah-cpsS Nne s{]mU-£-\p-Iƒ ]co-£-Wm¿∞w t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬h®v \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v.)

NTTF-se Inplant training as‰mcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

kvs]jy-sse-tk-j≥ Fß-s\-bmImw

DZm:˛ sSIvssÃ-bn¬ sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bn¬ {]th-i\w t\Sp∂ hnZym¿∞nBZy c≠p-h¿jw hnj-b-Ønse ASn-ÿm\ hnh-c-߃ ]Tn-°p-I-bpw, 3˛mwh¿jw t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mseGsX-¶nepw hn`m-K-Øn¬ kvs]jy-ssekv sNøpIbpw BImw.

Textile Technology - Marketing,Apparal design, Garment technology etc.,etc. CØcw kvs]jy-sse-tk-j-\n¬Esternal factory (Elective Options coXn)D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw km[n-°-Ww;sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Ønse sshhn-[y-h-XvI-cWw hgn.

CXv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS sXmgn-e-h-kcw Gsd h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn°pw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

tImgvkp-I-fpsS sshhn-[y-h-XvI-cWw \S-°p∂ IΩyq-Wn‰nt]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv kvIow

tIc-f-Ønse t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°n-eqsS{]Xn-h¿jw 9520 Untπma tlmƒU¿-amscbmWv ]cn-io-en-∏n®v hnSp-∂-sX-¶n¬ CDTP kvIow hgn 18,000 t]¿°vGsX-¶nepw sXmgn-en¬ {lkz-Ime]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

3 amkw apX¬ 6 amkw hscssZ¿Ly-ap -≈Xv bYm¿∞-ambnsXmgn¬ sNøm≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXym-h-iy-ambXnbdn am{X-amWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip∂ Cu ]cn-io-e\w sXmgn¬ cwKØv IqSp-X¬Bfp-Isf e`y-am-°m\pw sXmgn¬ FSp-°p-∂-h¿°v am\y-amb thX\w e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-°n-bn- p-≠v.

sXmgn¬ hnj-b-߃ Hmtcm -h¿jhpw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw sXc-s™-Sp°mw F∂Xv Cu kvIoans‚{]tXy-I-X-bmWv GXm≠v 200- -HmfwsXmgn¬ taJ-e-Iƒ CXn-\mbn Is≠-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

sXmgn¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ tImgvkv\¬I¬ : Eg. Welding, Spray painting,Aluminium Fabricaiton. [t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ XpS¿hnZym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\w kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v]

sF.-Sn.sF Iƒ aptJ\/Un.-Pn.-Sn.hn`m-h\w sNbvX Modular Employment

Scheme Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°pw.

MED hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂Xv ITI, ITCXpSßn Hu]-Nm-cnI ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬H∂pw ]Tn-°msX ]mc-º-cy-am-tbm,h¿°vtjm-∏p-I-fn¬\n∂pw a‰ptamGsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬ ]Tn®v B taJ-e-bn¬ Xs∂ tPmen sNøp-∂-h¿°v_‘-s∏´ taJ-e-bn¬ Bh-iy-ambXnb-dn-bpw, B[p-\nI b{¥-ß-fnsea‰p-]-I-c-W-ß-fntem {lkz-amb ]cn-io-e\w \¬In (2 BgvN apX¬ 3amkw hsc) Ahsc Hcp eLp-]-co-£bv°v hnt[-b-am°n sF.-Sn.-sF.°vXpey-amb k¿´n- n-°‰v \¬Ip-IbmWv.AXp-hgn hyh-kmb taJ-e-bnepwhntZ-iØpw \√ thX-\-ap≈ tPmene`y-am-°p-I-bp-amWv CXns‚ e£yw.

tIc-f-Øn¬ CXpw as‰mcp I®-h-S-am-°m-\mWv ]e sF.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw a‰pÿm]-\-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv. Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn. Ign-™-h¿°v 3 amkwsIm≠v sF.-Sn.-sF. F∂ ]ckyw\¬In. t\csØ sXmgn¬ ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v Ipdp-°p-h-gn-bn¬ k¿´n-^n-°‰v \¬Im-\m-bn-cp∂p {iaw.

Cu c≠v kvIoap-Isf°pdn®pwChnsS kqNn-∏n-®Xv ˛ CXv kvIqƒhnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°m-\m-Iptam F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sm-\m-Wv.

sSIv\n-°¬ sslkvIq-fp-Iƒs]mXpsh sP.-Sn.-F-kv. F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp∂ sSIv\n-°¬ sslkvIq-fp-Ifpw˛ kwÿm\ kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymkhIp-∏ns‚ Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. kwÿm-\Øv BsI 39 T.H.S.IfmWv D≈-Xv. {]Xn-h¿jw 2255t]¿°mWv {]th-i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

8˛mw ¢mkn-te-°mWv {]th-i-\w. 8,9, 10 ¢mkp-I-fn¬ km[m-cW hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ hnj-b-߃Xs∂-bmWv T.H.S. Ifnepw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ lnμn, _tbm-fPn hnj-b-߃ ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. ae-bmfw `mKn-I-ambn am{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v.

8˛mw ¢mkn¬ h®p-Xs∂ GsX-¶nepw \mev sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn¬{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e-\hpw _‘-s∏´Xnb-dnbpw ]Tn-∏n-°pw. c≠mw- h¿j-am-hp-tºmƒ t\csØ ]Tn® sXmgn-en¬ Ah¿ ImWn® {]mhoWyw IW-°n-se-SpØv GsX-¶nepw Hcp sXmgn-en¬ hnZKv[ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bpw, 10-˛mw ¢mkv Ign-bp-tºm-tg°v hnZym¿∞n°v _‘-s∏´sXmgn-en-te°v t\cn´v {]th-in-°m≥km[n-°p-amdv hnZKv[ ]cn-io-e\w\¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 19

10 hyXykvX sXmgn-ep-I-fmWvkwÿm-\-Øp-S-\ofw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.sh¬Unw-Kv, tamt´m¿ sa°m-\n-°v,^n‰¿, S¿W¿, B¿ B‚ v F.-kn.sa°m-\n-Iv, Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivkv, dn∏-b-dnwKv B‚ v sabn‚-\≥kv Hm v tlmwAπ-b≥k-kv, A{Kn-°ƒ®¿ F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv hnj-b-߃.

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ 2255 t]¿ ]cn-io-e\w ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xmbn ]pd-Øp-h∂vHcp sXmgn-enepw {]th-in-°p-∂n√F∂-XmWv kXyw. F√m-hcpw t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°n-te°v {]th-i\w e`n-°m-\p≈ Ipdp-°p-h-gn-bm-bmWv T.H.S. ]T-\sØ ImWp-∂-Xv. Npcp°w Nne¿VHSE / +2 \v t]mIp-∂p-≠v.

kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Termi-nal Stage 12-˛mw ¢mkv Bb kml-N-cy-Ønepw, Hcmƒ°v t\cn´v hyh-km-b-im-e-bn¬ {]th-in-°m≥ 18 hb v]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠-Xp≠v F∂-Xn-\mepwT.H.S. kwhn-[m\w ]q¿W-ambpw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. T.H.S.F∂Xv (T.H.S.S) Technical Higher Sec-ondary kvIqƒ Bbn amdp-I-bpw, 10-˛mw ¢mkn-\p-tijw am{Xw sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip∂ coXn \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-ap≠v.

\ne-hn-ep≈ `uXnI kml-N-cy-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂CXv \S-∏n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw. am{X-a-√, t\csØ Hgn-hm-°-s∏´ hnj-b-߃(ln-μn, _tbm-f-Pn, ae-bmfw F∂nh)Dƒs∏sS F√m ASn-ÿm\ hnj-b-ßfpw F√m-hcpw ]Tn°pw F∂p-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm\pw km[n-°pw.

T.H.S.S.¬ anI® hnPbw ssIh-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°v {]th-i\w \¬Ip-IbpwBhmw.

T.H.S.S. ]Tn-®-h¿°v a‰v am\-hnIhnj-b-ß-fn-te°v amdm≥ B{K-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬, GsX-¶nepw {_nUvPvtImgvkv ]mkm-IWw F∂ \n_-‘-\bpw D≠m-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

as‰mcp \n¿t±iw D≈Xv ]q¿W-ambpw t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°v tImtf-Pp-IƒB°n am‰pI F∂-Xm-Wv. ImcWwt]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬ D≈ AtXem_v/h¿°vtjm∏v kuI-cy-߃Xs∂-bmWv T.H.S.Ifnepw D≈Xv F∂-Xm-Wv. CXv hn-i-Z-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

Sn.-Pn.-Fw.-Sn.-kn.kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-∏n\v

Iogn¬ 42 TGMTC {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.CXp-hgn {]Xn-h¿jw 840 hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂p. Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn. hnP-b-amWv {]th-i\tbmKy-X. ap≥h¿jw tImgvkns‚ t]cp-am‰n Tailoring and Fashion DesigneCourse F∂m°n am‰n-bn- p-≠v.

sImta-gvky¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´vDiploma in Commercial Practices F∂

tImgvkmWv Cu ÿm]\w hgn \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Typewriting, ShortHand En-glish, Malayalam, Computer ]cn⁄m\w,Accountancy, Book Keeping F∂o hnj-b-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

17 Commercial Institute IfmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ D≈-Xv. Ch 1020 hnZym¿∞n-I-

MED hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂Xv ITI, ITC XpSßnHu]-Nm-cnI ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ H∂pw ]Tn-°msX]mc-º-cy-am-tbm,h¿°vtjm-∏p-I-fn¬\n∂pw a‰ptam GsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬ ]Tn®vB taJ-e-bn¬ Xs∂tPmen sNøp-∂-h¿°v_‘-s∏´ taJ-e-bn¬Bh-iy-amb Xnb-dn-bpw,B[p-\nI b{¥-ß-fnsea‰p-]-I-c-W-ß-fntem{lkz-amb ]cn-io-e\w\¬In Ahsc Hcp eLp-]-co-£bv°v hnt[-b-am°n ˛ sF.-Sn.-sF.°vXpey-amb k¿´n- n-°‰v\¬Ip-IbmWv. AXp-hgnhyh-kmb taJ-e-bnepwhntZ-iØpw \√ thX-\-ap≈ tPmen e`y-am-°p-I-bp-amWv CXns‚ e£yw.tIc-f-Øn¬ CXpwas‰mcp I®-h-S-am-°m-\mWv ]e sF.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw a‰p ÿm]-\-ßfpwD]-tbm-Kn-®Xv.

20 am¿®v 201220

sf-bmWv {]Xn-h¿jw {]th-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

shmt°-j-W¬ s{Sbn-\nMvsk‚¿

4 V.T.C Ifp-s≠-¶nepw 4 epw IrXy-amb ]T\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-Ip-∂n-√. 4 ÿm]-\hpw Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcwPn√-bn-emWv ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv.

sF.-Sn.-sF.tIc-f-Øn¬ G‰hpw hy‡-ambn

DX-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ {Im^v‰vam≥amschm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-amWv I.T.IIƒ. DGT BWv tImgvkpw kne-_ pw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

sI.-Pn.-kn.-C.tIc-f-Øn¬ 7 t{SUp-I-fn-embn \nc-

h[n ss{]h‰v ÿm]-\-߃ KGCEtImgvkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. c≠p-h¿j-°mew ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ tImgvkp-I-fm-WvCh.

1. Automobile Engineering, 2. Civil, 3.Mechanical, 4. Electronics & Telecommu-nication, 5. Electrical, 6. AC / Refrigera-tion, 7. Radio & TV Mechanism F∂ot{SUp-I-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb Xnbdn]T\w \S-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw icn-bmb{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w th≠{X e`n-°p-∂n-√.

hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-C-+2 {]th-i\w e`n-°m-Ø-h¿°v

]n≥hm-Xn-en-eqsS lb¿ sk-°≥U-dn°v Xpey-amb ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ah-kcw am{X-ambn amdnbncn-°p∂p. VHSE]q¿W-ambpw sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Øn\pam{X-ap-≈-Xmbn amt‰-≠-Xp-≠v.

ITI/VHSE/KGCE Isf hnhn[ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ°p kam-\-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°Ww F∂ Bhiyw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v

Kh-s◊‚ v \ntbm -Kn® IΩn‰nCubnsS-bmWv dnt∏m¿ v ka¿∏n-®-Xv.

sF.-Sn.-sF.-˛-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-C-˛-sI.-Pn.-kn.-C. Xmc-Xayw

ta¬hnj-b-Øn¬ Hmtcm taJ-e-bn-sebpw s]mXp-hmb tImgvkv skeIvSvsNbvXv hni-Z-ambn Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

13 hn`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn®mWv Xmc-Xayw sNbvX-Xv. Subject, duration ofcourses, Expected working days as peracademic Calender, total hour’s alloted forteaching, conduct of exam and issue ofcertificate, Basic qualification of traineesfor admission, qualifications of Instruc-tors/workshop assistants, allied tradesto be studied along with main subject,classroom size prescribed, Practicalspace, student intake, strength and weak-ness of each...

CXn¬\n∂pw Zznh-’c sF.-Sn.-sF. tImgvkv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂Xv 4800aWn-°q¿ ]T-\-Øn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv. KGCE1920 Hrs.Dw, VHSE 1360 Hrs.Dw am{X-am-Wv.

as‰√m Imcy-ß-fnepw Cu A¥cwhy‡-am-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Ch-sb√mwXpey-am-sW∂v Xocp-am-\n -°m≥bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw ImWp-∂n√F∂mWv Cu dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. KGCE tImgvkns\ sF.-Sn.-sF. tImgvkn\p kam-\-am-°m≥ F¥p-am-‰-amWv hcp-tØ-≠Xv F∂p IqSn\n¿t±-in°m≥ Kh-s◊‚ v IΩn-‰n-tbmSvBh-iy-s∏- n- p-≠v.

lb¿ sk°≥Udn Xe-Ønsesshhn-[y-h-XvI-cWw

lb¿ sk°≥Udn Xe-ØnepwsXmgn¬ hnj-b-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWwF∂pw AXv sXmgn¬ hnZ-Kv≤sckrjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\√ ]Icw sXmgn¬Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°m-\mWv F∂A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv ]q¿W-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂p, "F' seh¬ "H' seh¬tImgvkpIƒ D≠m-IpI Xs∂-bmWvA`n-Imayw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

F√m-hcpw GsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬Xs‚ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambnA`y-kn-®n-cn-°Ww F∂ Km‘n-bpsSA`n-{]m-b-tØmSv Hcn-°¬ Hcp A\p-bmbn tNmZn-®Xv _m¶-dpsS aI≥F¥n-\mWv \q¬\q¬]v ]Tn-°p-∂XvF∂m-bn-cp -∂p. AXn\v Km‘nPn\¬Inb adp-]-Sn, sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Ah≥ ssIh-cn-°p∂ sshZ-Kv≤yw Ahs‚ `mhn-bnse _m¶nwKv{]hr-Øn Imcy-£aam°m≥ klm-bn°pw F∂m-Wv.

kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Terminal Stage 12-˛mw ¢mkv Bb kml-N-cy-Ønepw, Hcmƒ°vt\cn´v hyh-km-b-im-e-bn¬ {]th-in-°m≥ 18hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠-Xp≠v F∂-Xn-\mepwT.H.S. kwhn-[m\w]q¿W-ambpw am‰-Øn\vhnt[-b-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.T.H.S. F∂Xv (T.H.S.S)Technical Higher SecondarykvIqƒ Bbn amdp-I-bpw, 10-˛mw ¢mkn-\p-tijw am{Xw sXmgn¬]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip∂coXn \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-ap≠v.\ne-hn-ep≈ `uXnIkml-N-cy-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂CXv \S-∏n-em-°m≥km[n-°pw. am{X-a-√,t\csØ Hgn-hm-°-s∏´hnj-b-߃ Dƒs∏sSF√m ASn-ÿm\ hnj-b-ßfpw F√m-hcpw]Tn°pw F∂p-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm\pw km[n-°pw.

imkv{X-KXn 21

Ih¿tÃmdns{]m^. sI. {io[-c≥

GsXm-cmƒ°pw Pohn-°m≥ HcpsXmgn¬ thWw. Pohn-°m-\p≈Ah-Imiw t]mse Xs∂ auen-I-am-Wv sXmgn-se-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw AXn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p≈ Ah-c-k-hpw.

apgp-h≥ t]¿°pw tPmen \¬Im≥k¿°m-cn\ v Ign -bp -I -bn -√.k¿°m¿ tPmen ]cn-an-X-am-Wv.

BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øn-t‚-XmbCu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ F√m kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnepw sXmgn-ep-IƒIpd-™p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. h≥In-S-I-º-\n-I-sf√mw sXmgn-se-Sp-°p-∂-h-cpsSFÆw Ipd®p sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.sdbn¬sh, P & T, _m¶n-wKv,... XpS-ßnb F√m s]mXpta-J-e-I-fnepwsXmgn¬ Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂p.

sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\hpw

hnZym-`ym-khpw

tPm_vekv t{KmØv F∂ ]pXnb{]Xn-`mkw hym]n-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.CXv a\p-jys‚ sXmgn-se-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-isØ l\n-°p-Ibpw hf¿®-bpsS t\´sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ {]k-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnLm-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ kaq-l-Øn¬ {]kcn°p-∂Xv {]mtZ-inI DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv; P\-km-am\yw AØcw taJ-e-I-fn¬ I¿tam-∑p-J-cmbn CS-s]-Sp-tºm-gm-Wv.

Cu CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ A¿∞-h-Øm-Ip-∂Xv AXn-\p≈ ss\]p-Wn-IƒkrjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-gmWv Cuss\]p-Wn-I-fm-Is´ A\-h[n A\-h-[n-bmWv. kl-{k-am\w?

Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-eqsSkl-{k- am-\-amb CØcw ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøpI km[y-a-√. Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ymkwsXmgn-e-[n-jvTnXam°nbXpsIm≠vAXv \S-°n-√.

Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønsesk°‚dn L´-Øn¬ sXmgn¬hnZym- ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXvsXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-a-√. sXmgn-ens‚ al-Xzhpw A\n-hm-cy-XbpwsXmgn¬kw-kvIm-chpw a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Hcp aqeym-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ym-k-am-bn-cn-°-Ww AXv. kvIqfp-I-fn¬ Irjn-bn-S-ßfpw h¿°vtjm-∏p-Ifpw a‰v ]Wn-bn-S-ßfpw D≠m-hp-Ibpw Ahn-sS- \n∂v sXmgn¬sNøp-Ibpw thWw. ]t£ CXv

Adn-hns\ Adn-hp-ev]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bm°n am‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ D∂-X-hn-Zym-]o-T-ßfpwAdn-hns\ a\p-jy-ti-jn-bm-°n-am-‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ Iayq-Wn-‰n-tIm-tf-Pp-IfpwF∂o \ne-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øn\v c≠v t{iWn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.B coXn-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-ksØ ]p\:{Iao-I-cn-°Ww.

22 am¿®v 2012

sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈ s{Sbn-\nßvA√.

ImcWw Cu L´-Øn¬ sXmgn¬]cn-io-e-\-Øn-te°v Xncn®p hn´vssIsØm-gn-en-te°p≈ th¿Xn-cnhv \S-Øm≥ am{Xw A`n-cp-NnbpwXm¬]-cyhpw IrXy-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Itbm AYhm cq]-s∏´m¬Xs∂AXv {]I-S-am-hp-Ip-Itbm C√. (CuL -Øn¬ th¿Xn-cnhv \S-Ønbm¬kmam-\y-amb \n¿[-\¿ ]T\tijnDs≠-¶n¬t]mepw sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn-te°pw kº-∂¿ th≠{X ]T-\-tijn Cs√-¶nepw XpS¿]-T-\-Øn-te°pw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Spw)

am{X-hp-a√ sk°‚dn L´w (15,16hb- v) Ign™v hcp∂ HcpIp´nsb sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn-te°vXncn®p hnSp-∂-Xv kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn DNn-X-hp-a-√.

sk°‚dn hnZym-`ym-khpw Hcpthf lb¿sk-°‚-dnbpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw XpS¿]-T\w Imw£n-°m-Ø-hcpw sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn-te°v IS∂psN√m≥ Xm¬]-cy-s∏-´p-ap≈ 1½˛2 e£tØmfw t]¿C∂v h¿jw-{]Xn tIc-f-Øn¬D≠m-°p-∂p≠v (Hcp ]©m-b-Øn¬100-˛150 t]¿). Ch¿ hnZym-`ymkBkq-{X-W-Øn¬ Fhn-sSbpwth≠ coXn-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏- n-´n-√.

Ch¿ Imbn-Im-[zm\ {][m-\-a-√m-ØXpw ss\]p-Wn-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xp-amb sXmgn-emWv B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.Ah-cpsS A`n-cp-Nnbpw tijnbpwAØcw sXmgn-ep-I-fn-em-Wv.

AØcw sXmgn-ep-Iƒ {]tZ-in-I-ambn \nc-h[n C∂v tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬ D≠v.

AXn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im-\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-\hpw Chn-sS-bn-√. t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-Ifpw ITIIfp-amWv D≈-Xv. t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fm-Is´ hnZKv[ sXmgn-em-fn-I-sf-b√ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. ITI Iƒ \ma-am-{X-am-Wv, Ah hyh-kmb sXmgn-em-fn-Isf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v hn`m-h\w sNbvX-h-bm-Wv. AXn-\-\p-kr-X-am-bp≈ GXm\pw ]c-º-cm-KXtaJ-e-I-fn-emWv Ah ]cn-io-e\w\¬Ip-∂-Xv.

{]mtZ-in-I-am-bXpw ]pXnb kmaq-ly-B-h-iy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´Imen-I-amb \nc-h[n Dev]m-Z-\- -tk-h\ taJ-e-I-fnse ss\]pWn{][m-\-amb \nc-h[n sXmgn-ep-IƒD≠v. ]cn-io-e\w e`n®hcpsSA`m-h-am-Wv Cu cwKw t\cn-Sp-∂-apJy-{]-iv\w.

CXp-X-s∂-bmWv tIc-f-Øns‚c≠mw -X-e-apd hnI-k\ {]iv\-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ H∂v hyZym- ymkcwKw hnIkn®-t∏mƒ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS hnIm-khpw sXmgn¬ ta-J-e-bpsS hnIm-khpw \S-∂n-√.

`q]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ ^e-ambnIrjn-`qan Xp≠-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb Irjn-co-Xn-Ifpw kq£va-Xe b{¥-h-XvI-c-Whpw Im¿jnI sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bnse a\p-jy-hn- -h-hn-I-k-\hpwD≠m-bn√ F∂Xpw tIc-f-Øns‚Hcp c≠mw-X-e-apd hnI-k-\-{]-iv\-am-Wv.

]c-º-cm-KX hyh-kmb taJ-e-I-fnse ss\]p-Wn-hn-I-k-\hpw b{¥-h-XvI-c-Whpw Dev]m-Z-\- \-ho-I-c-Whpw ]pØ≥ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-

I-fpsS {]tbm-Khpw D≠m-bn√F∂Xpw as‰mcp {][m\ {]iv\-am-Wv.

Cu kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-ß-tfm-sS-√m-ap≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-sa-∂- \ne°vthWw tIc-f-Øns‚ sXmgn¬hnZym- ym-ksØ ImtW-≠-Xv. Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ 10, +2,F∂n-hbv°v tijw AXns‚XpS¿®-sb∂ \ne°v ss\]p-Wn-hn-I-k\ {][m-\-amb Hcp sXmgn¬hnZym- ymk cwKw IqSn krjvSn-°p-I F∂-XmWv G‰hpw Ic-Wobw

2 e£w-t]¿ hoXw hkn-°p∂ 4˛Hm 5˛Hm ]©m-b-Øp-Isf Hcpbq\n‰v Bbn I≠v AhnsS ss\]p-Wn-{]-[m-\-amb sXmgn-ep-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p∂ Hcp tI{μw F∂\ne°v 100- 120 sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\tI{μ-߃ kwÿm-\Øv Bcw-`n°mw. Npcp-ßnbXv 500 t]schoXw AhnsS ]cn-io-en-∏n°m≥Ign-bpw. 10˛Hm 12˛Hm sXmgn-ep-IƒhoXw. Ch Pn√ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬Bkq-{XWw sNømw.

ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°m-\mh-iy-ambamÿ s{Sbv\¿amsc krjvSn-°p-I,tImgvkp-Iƒ°p≈ ]mTy-{I-ahpw]T\ kma-{Kn-Ifpw Hcp-°pI, Ch-bv°p≈ A°m-Z -anI kq∏¿hnj≥ \S-ØpI F∂n-hbv°vkwÿm-\-X-e-Øn¬ kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-I-Ww. s]mXp hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v sNe-hm-°p-∂-Xns‚ 5%^≠v CXn-\p-th≠n am‰n-sh-®pASpØ 5 h¿jw-sIm≠v Npcp-ßn-bXv 5 e£w t]sc sXmgn¬ cw-KØv hn\y-kn-°m≥ Ignbpw

C∂sØ ITI Isf sNdp-In-S- -a-[y-Xe hyh-km-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-Ibpw AØcw Dev]m-Z-\-tI-{μ-߃°v th≠ kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv[-tcbpw kvIn¬Uv sXmgn-em-fn-I-tfbpw ]cn-io-en∏n°p∂ °p∂tI{μ-ß-fmbn hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I.hyh-km-b-sXm-gn -em -fn -I-fpsSsshZKv[yw \nc-¥-c-ambn ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m\pw ITI Ifn¬ kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-IWw. sXmgn¬ime-IfpwCØcw ÿm]-\-ßfpw XΩn¬\√ ssPh-_‘w D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

JTS Ifpw shmt°-j-W¬lb¿sk-°-≠-dn-Ifpw ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cns° Ahsb ta¬∏-d™GsX-¶nepw hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏SpØn]p\-{I-ao-I-cn-°-Ww.

+2 Dw D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw Cre-ativity, Critical thinking, Commu-nications, Collabration F∂nh

imkv{X-KXn 23

krjvSn-°p-∂Xn\v Du∂¬ \¬I-Ww.

Adn-hns\ Adn-hp-ev]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bm°n am‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ D∂-X-hn-Zym-]o-T-ßfpw Adn-hns\ a\p-jy-ti-jn-bm-°n-am-‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ Iayq-Wn-‰n-tIm-tf-Pp-Ifpw F∂o \ne-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øn\v c≠vt{iWn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. BcoXn-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-ksØ]p\:{Iao-I-cn-°Ww.

A\p-_‘w{]mtZ-in-I-ambn Bcw-`n-t°≠

kvIn¬ Uh-e-]vsa‚ v sk‚-dp-I-fn¬]cn-io-e\w \¬tI≠ Nne taJ-e-Iƒ.

1. \n¿am-W-ta-JeC∂v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ {]mtZ-in-I-

ambn tPmen-km-[y-I-fp≈ Hcp taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv. ]cn-io-e\w e`n® kvIn¬UvBb sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS A`m-h-amWvA\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ {][m\ {]iv\w.ss\]pWn hnI-k\w Bh-iy-ambNne taJ-e-Iƒ:

I√v sh v I√v sNØv tªm°vsabv°nßv CjvSnI \n¿amWwkna‚ vP\¬, hmXn¬ \n¿amWw sI´nSw πm≥ hc-∏v, FÃ-ta-‰v,

Unssk-\nßv ssk‰v kq∏¿hnj≥ I¬∏-S-hv, πmÃdnßv

Im¿s]‚dn ^¿Wn-®¿ \n¿-amWw Icn-¶¬]Wn tIm¨-{Io-‰nßv sk‚-dnßv Aeq-an-\nbw m{_n-t°-j≥ t]mfn-jn-ßv, s]bn‚nßv πw_nßv Ce-Iv{Sn -^n-t°-j≥ C‚o-cn -b¿Unssk≥ vtfm-dnßv t^m-t´m--WnIvkv FIv‰o-cn-b¿ Un-ssk-≥ & Km¿U\nßv tamUyp-e¿In®≥ ]pI-bn-√mØ ASp∏v tkmfn-UvthÃv amt\--Pvsa‚ v ag-sh-≈-kw-`-cWn \n¿amWw tkmfm¿sS-Iv\o-jy≥ lcn-X-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Z-Kv[¿ (Green Techno-lgists) {Sºv -h¿°v dq v seb-dnßv (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

2. Im¿jn-I-ta-Jevtfmdn-Iƒ®¿ tlm¿´n- IƒI-

®¿ t\gvkdn sabv°nßv Im‰v¬ ^m-anßv ]n§dn ajvdqwIƒ®¿ t]mƒ{Sn -^m-anßv {^q´v {]nk¿th-j≥ Snjyq-Iƒ-®¿ t]mÃv lm¿shÃv sSIvt\m-fPn A{Kn-Iƒ®d¬ ssat{Im-sa-°m-\nIv £y-kw-kvI-cWw hmeyq AUo-j≥ C≥ A{Kn-

t{]mUIvvk tIm°-\´v ss¢-ºnßv Hm¿Km-\nIv ^manßv {]nkn-j≥ ^manßv ^njv^m-

anßv ^njvt{]m-k- nßv &{]nk-¿th-j≥ (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

3. amt\-Pvsa‚ vamt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂v ]d-™m¬

MBA F∂mWv F√m-hcpw Icp-Xp-I.sNdp -Xns\ hepXv hngp -ßp∂]pØ≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v X{¥amW-Xv.F∂m¬ sNdp-Xns\ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂kq£va-X-e-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v hnZ-Kv≤sc\ap°v [mcm-f-ambn Bh-iy-ap-≠v.NneXv NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

sNdp-InS tlm´¬ \mta-Pvsa‚ v

Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ amt\-Pvsa‚ v

h¿Iv jm∏v amt\-Pvsa‚ v

kvtamƒ mw amt\-Pvsa‚ v

kvtamƒ F‚¿ss{]-kkv amt\-Pvsa‚ v

hm´¿ sjUv amt\-Pvsa‚ v

t^mdÃv amt\-Pvsa‚ v

I¨kv{S-£≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v

C≥t]m¿´v FIvkvt]m¿´v amt\-Pvsa‚ v

skbn¬kv amt\-Pvsa‚ v

dqd¬ am¿°-‰nßv

Cuh‚ v amt\-Pvsa‚ v

tlmw amt\-P vsa‚ v (enÃvA]q¿Ww)

4. sUmaÃnIv k¿ho-kkvsUma-ÃnIv sSIv\o-jy≥

tlmw \gvknßv

^pUv k¿ho-knßv & Ip°nßv

sIb¿ Hm v F¬U¿en

sat‰¿\n‰n k¿ho-kkv

tem¨{Un k¿ho-kkv

Fb¿I-≠o-j-\nßv k¿ho-kkv

(enÃv A]q¿Ww)

5. Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ k¿ho-kkv

Spho-e¿ sa°m-\n-°v

{Xo hoe¿ sa°m-\n°v

Im¿ k¿ho-kkv

Im¿ Fb¿I-≠o-j-\nßv

t_mUn k¿ho-knßv

Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ Ce-Iv{Sn°¬k¿ho-knßv (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

6. C˛ k¿ho-knßvIºyq-´¿ lm¿Uv shb¿ &s\‰v h¿°nßv

Un.-Sn.-]n˛ {Km^nIv Unssk-\nßv

sh_vssk‰v sSIv\o-jy≥

Iºyq- ¿ F°u-≠nßv

Iºyq- ¿ Hm^okv amt\-Pvsa‚ v

B\n-ta-j≥

Iºyq- ¿ t{]m{Kmanßv

tkm v‰vth¿ Uh-e-]vsa‚ vt^m¿ tem°¬ bqkv (enÃvA]q¿Ww)

GXm\pw DZm-l-c-߃ am{XtasImSp-Øn-´p-≈q. Cßs\ \nc-h[nsXmgn-ep-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n°mw. Ch-bn¬]eXpw sNøm≥ {]m]vX-cmb Bfn-√m-ØXv aqew sNø-s∏-SmsX t]mIp-∂pF∂-Xm-Wv bmYm¿∞yw. Ch-sb√mw{]mtZ-inI Bh-iy-ßfpw {]mtZ-inIhnI-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sXmgn¬taJ-e-I-fm-Wv. Cu sXmgn¬ taJ-e-IƒhnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv {]mtZ-inI hnI-k-\-Øns‚ A\n-hmcy LS-I-am-Wv.

24 am¿®v 2012

Ih¿tÃmdns{]m^. Sn.]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥

tIc-f-Ønse _ncpZ hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv henb {]Xo-£-I-tfmsS \S-∏m-°nb ]co-£-W-am-bn-cp∂p "tNmbvkvt_kvUv {IUn‰v˛ska-ÿ knÃw'AYhm knkn-F-kv-Fkv (CCSS). Cu]co-£Ww Cs∂mcp {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-Wv. CCSS s‚ "A]m-I-X-Iƒ' ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn -\mbn D∂X hnZym -`ymkIu¨kn¬ Hcp IΩ-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tImgn-t°mSv k¿e-I-em-im-e-bm-I-s´, ]T-\-߃s°m∂pwImØp-\n¬°msX AXn\p Iogn¬]Tn-°p∂ 2011-˛12 t_®v _ncp-Z-hn-

Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS H∂pw c≠pw ska-ÿ]co-£-Iƒ H∂n®p \S-Øn-bm¬ aXnF∂p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. e-Øn¬ska-ÿ coXn-bpsS A¥y-Øn\pXpS°w Ipdn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

CCSS \S-∏m-°nb Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Gsd sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Db¿∂n-cp-∂p. Nne {]iv\-ß-sfms° ap≥Iq´nImWm\pw Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F¶nepw_ncpZ hnZym- ymkcwKsØ ka-{K-am-sbmcp ]p\x-kw-Lm-S-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬AXns\∏‰n ]Tn® tUm. Fw. hnP-bs‚ (_w-K-fq¿, C¥y≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

Hm^v kb≥knse tamfn -°p-e¿_tbm nknIvkv hIp-∏v A[y-£≥)t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ IΩn‰nCCSS \S-∏m-°m≥ ip]m¿i sNøp-I-bm -bn -cp -∂p. CXv kw_-‘n®dnt∏m¿´n¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p˛ “Theattempt should be to introduce a modifiedCCS initially and to move towards the fullsystem progressively by incorporatingchanges incrementally”.

Cu \ne-]m-Sn¬ Du∂n-\n∂v \S-∏m-°nb CCSS \v Ht´sd IS-º-Iƒ IS-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-sXmcp hkvXp-

_ncp-Z- hn-Zym- ymkcwKw

]It]m°¬ BtcmSv?tI{μ-k¿°m-cpw, bp.-Pn.-kn.-bp-sams° _ncp-Z-Xe CCSSs\ IqSp-X¬{]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v FØn-°m-\p≈ {ia-Øn-em-Wv. F∂m¬, tIc-f-Ønsek¿°m¿ Ct∏mƒ t\man-t\‰v sNbvXp-≠m-°nb kn≥Un-t°-‰p-I-fm-Is´CXn-\Iw \S-∏m°n Ign-s™mcp hyh-ÿ-sb, sX‰v XncpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw apf-bn¬Xs∂ \p≈n-°-f-bm-\mWv {ian-°p∂-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 25

X-bm-Wv. AXv ad-®p-h-bvt°≠ Imcy-hp-an-√. ]t£, tIc-f-Ønse D∂-X-hn-Zym- ym-k-cw-Kw, {]tXy-In®pw _ncpZhnZym-`ym-k-Xew B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂,AhnsS A\n-hm-cy-ambpw \S-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂ ka-{K-am-sbmcp ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn\v AXp-hgn \mμn Ipdn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "bp\kvtIm' apt∂m-´p-h®hnZym-`ymk e£y-߃°v (The FourPillars of Education) A\p-kr-X-amb am‰-߃ Chn-tSbpw th≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.]T\w, A[y-b-\w, Kth-j-Ww,{]tbmKw F∂n-hbvs°ms° th≠{X]cn-K-W\ Int -≠-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kmaq-lyhpw imkv{X-˛-km-t¶-Xn-I-hp-amb]pXnb am‰-߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]T-\-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ ""aƒ´n Unkn-πn-\dn''ka-\zbw th≠-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. CuBh-iy-ß-sf√mw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v _ncpZ ]T-\-cw-KsØ AXns‚ka-{K-X-bn¬ Imen-I-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw ]p\x-kw-L-Sn-∏n-°pI F∂ZuXy-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Fs¥ms° ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp -s∂-¶n-epw, CXv [oc-am-sbmcpIm¬sh-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.

GsXmcp ]pXnb coXnbpw \S-∏m°n hcp-tºmƒ Nne {]mtbm-KnI{]iv\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Ah-bvs°ms° P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb coXn-bn¬ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS ]cn-lmcw ImWp-I-bmWvth≠-Xv. \os≠mcp sImSp-°¬-˛-hm-߬ {]{Inb hgn am{Xsa CØcwkwhn-[m-\-ßsf Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bq. F∂m¬ CCSS F∂ ]co-£WwXs∂ ths≠∂v hbv°p∂ \ne-]m-Sn-emWv Ct∏mƒ A[n-Ir-X¿ FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns‚ \√ DZm-l-c-W-amWv H∂mw ska-ÿ ]co£ths≠∂v hbv°m-\p≈ tImgn-t°mSvk¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS Xocp-am-\w. ska-ÿ k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ ska-Ã-d¥y ]co-£bv°v Xs∂-bmWv {]m[m-\yw. AXvhm¿jnI ]co-£-bn-te°v amdn-bm¬]gb k{º-Zm-b-Øn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-t]m°v Xs∂-bmWv F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒtImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse

Cu \o°w hfsc ap≥Iq´n Bkq-{XWw sNbvX-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂v thWwIcp-Xm≥. Imc-Ww, CCSS t\mSp≈FXn¿ {]N-c-W-߃ t\csØ Xs∂XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. a‰v k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-sem∂pw H∂mw ska-ÿ ]co£ths≠∂v h®n- n-√. F©n-\o-b-dnwKn\vBZy-h¿jw c≠v ]co-£-Iƒ Hcp-an®p\S-Øp∂p F∂ hmZ-°m-cp-≠v. ]t£,

Ip´n-Ifpw A[ym-]-Icpw Cu [mc-W-°-\p-k-cn-®mWv XpS°w apX¬°p-Xs∂ ¢m p-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, ChnsS _ncp-Z-X-e-Øn¬H∂mw ska-Ã-dns‚ `mK-ambn \S-t°≠ Imcy-ß-sf√mw tImtfPv Xe-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]co£mXob-Xn°v th≠n ImØp-\n∂hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-SmWv C\n-sbmcp Bdvamkw Ign™v ]co£ Fgp-Xn-bm¬aXn-sb∂v A[n-Ir-X¿ ]d-™-Xv. CXvHcp coXn-bnepw \oXo-I-cn-°m-hp∂ \S-]-Sn-b-√. tImtf-Pp-I-fnse {]th-i\ka-bØv \¬Inb t{]mkv]-IvS- nse\n¿t±-i-ß-fpsS ewL\w IqSn-bm-Wv.

Hcp Xncn-™p-t\m´wHt´sd N¿®-Iƒ°pw IqSnbncn-∏p-

Iƒ°pw tij-amWv _ncp-Z-X-e-Øn¬CCSS \S-∏m-°m-\p≈ Xocp-am\w tIc-f-Øn¬ ssIs°m-≠-Xv. D∂X hnZym-`ymk Iu¨kn-em-bn-cp∂p CXn\vt\XrXzw \¬In-b-Xv. G‰hpw \∂mbn{]h¿Øn-®Xpw Hcp ]t£, tImgn-t°ms´ kn≥Un-t°‰pw A°m-Z-anIvkaq-l-hp-ambncp∂p. Chn-SsØ A°m-Z-anIv IΩn-‰n-I-sf-√mw-Xs∂ hfscBflm¿∞-am-bmWv CXn¬ kl-I-cn-®-Xv.

t_m¿Uv Hm v ÃUo-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcm-gvN-tbmfw \o≠p-\n∂\√ A[ym-]I ]¶m-fnØw (85-˛-Hmfwhsc A[ym-]-I¿) D≠m-bn -cp∂h¿°vtjm-∏p-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Icn-°p-ehpw kne-_ pw D≠mbn h∂-Xv.Ht´sd ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-cmb A[ym-]-I¿ Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn.

GsXmcp ]pXnbcoXnbpw \S-∏m°n hcp-tºmƒ Nne {]mtbm-KnI{]iv\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xvkzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Ah-bvs°ms° P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb coXn-bn¬ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS ]cn-lmcwImWp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.\os≠mcp sImSp-°¬- -hm-߬ {]{Inb hgnam{Xsa CØcw kwhn-[m-\-ßsf Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bq. F∂m¬CCSS F∂ ]co-£WwXs∂ ths≠∂vhbv°p∂ \ne-]m-Sn-emWvCt∏mƒ A[n-Ir-X¿FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.AXns‚ \√ DZm-l-c-W-amWv H∂mw ska-ÿ]co£ ths≠∂vhbv°m-\p≈ tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS Xocp-am-\w

26 am¿®v 2012

Ht´sd ]pXnb ]T-\-hn-j-b-߃Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-sIm-≠mWv ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°n-b-Xv.

]pXnb ]≤-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Hcp_m®vt]mepw CXp-hsc ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-´n-√. H∂m-asØ _m®ns‚ Bdm-asØ ska-ÿ ¢mkp-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ\S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah¿°v A©v ska-ÿ hsc ]co£ \S-∂p. C\nbpw^ew {]Jym-]n-°m-\p-s≠-¶nepw Hcp-hn[w \√- co-Xn-bn¬Øs∂ Imcy-߃\S-∂n-cp-∂p. c≠m-asØ _m®ns‚aq∂m-asØ ska-ÿ ]co£ P\p-h-cn-˛13\v \S-∂p. \memw ska-ÿ]co£ HIvtSm-_¿- -\-hw-_-dn¬ \S-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

H∂mw ska-ÿ ]co£ \S-°p-∂n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w ska-ÿk{º-Zmbw Ah-km-\n®p F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-t√m.ska-Ã-dns‚ {]tXy-IX A¿[-hm¿jn-I-ambn ]co£ \S°pw F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. kne-_ pw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpwB coXn-bn-emWv Xbm-dm-°n-bn- p-≈-Xv.H∂mw ska-ÿ tImgvkv CXn-\Iw]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Ip´n-Iƒ C\nbpwBdp-amkw Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw ]co-£-sb-gp-Xn-bm¬ aXn F∂Xv bp‡n°v\nc-°p-∂-X-√. Cu Xocp-am\w ]Tn-°p∂ Ip´n -I-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂vt\m°p-tºmƒ Hcn-°epw KpW-I-c-a-√.Ip´n-bpsS am\-kn-I-amb Xbm-sd-Sp∏vXI-cp-I-bm-Wv.

hm¿jnI ]co-£m-k-{º-Zmbw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°p-∂-tXmsS A°m-Z-anIv A¥-co£w amdp-I-bm-Wv. C\n F√m Imcy-

ßfpw ]gb a´n-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cpw.Ct∏m-gsØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ lmP¿,Assk≥sa‚ v, hmNm-]-co-£-Iƒ,skan-\m¿ F∂n-h-sbms° (h-fscsa®-s∏- -sX-¶n-epw) ka-b-Øn\v \S-°p-∂p-≠v. Ipsd-tbsd Bflm¿∞-cmbA[ym-]-I¿ CXn-\mbn ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂p-ap-≠v. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw a\w-a-Sp-∏n-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-amWv Ct∏mƒ k¿h-I-em-ime ssIs°m-≠-Xv. `c-W-am-‰-߃ kwÿm-\Øpw k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-ep-sams° D≠m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Hcp k¿h-I-em-im-e-bv°p-Io-gn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ samØw_ncpZ hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]mTw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-tbmSv tbmPn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. ska-ÿ k{º-Zmbw F√m-h-tcmSpwN¿®-sN-bvXmWv \S-∏m-°n-b-Xv. Npcp-ßn-bXv AØcw Hcp N¿® AXv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºpw BIm-am-bn-cp-∂p.

_ncpZ ]T\wtIc-f-Ønse hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv

C∂v B¿°pw th≠m-Ø-XmWv _ncp-Z-Xe ]T-\w. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Hcpk¿°m¿ kvIqfnse ]Ømw-¢m-knsekuI-cy-߃t]mepw Hcp k¿°m¿tImtf-Pnse ¢mkvap-dn-bn¬ C√.Ign™ Iptd h¿j-ß-fmbn ]mtSAh-K-Wn-°-s∏´ B¿Svkv B≥Uvkb≥kv tImtf-Pp-I-fn-tebv°v FØn-t®¿∂ sNdn-sbmcp {]Xo-£-bm-bn-cp∂p CCSS. AXns‚ hc-thmsSA°m-Z-anIv A¥-co£w Ipsd-sbms°DW¿∂v {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu \√ImcysØ apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥

k¿h-I-em-ime _m[y-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu A´n -a -d n -bn¬ B¿°pwDXvIWvT Cs√-∂-Xp-Xs∂ _ncp-Z-]-T-\-tØm-Sp≈ Ah-K-W-\bv°v sXfn-hm-Wv. A[ym-]-I-˛-hn-Zym¿∞n kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v hm¿jnI ]co-£-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv XmXv]-cyw. AXp-sIm-≠mWvAh¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.

\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ, CS-s]-S-ep-IƒF¬.-Un.-F-^v. k¿°m¿ \S-∏m-

°nb Hcp ]pXnb kwcw- -ambXn\m¬,CS-Xp-]£ Nmbvhp≈ \s√mcp mKwA[ym-]-Icpw hnZym¿∞n kwL-S\°mcpw {]Xy-£-Øn¬ FXn¿Øn-cp-∂n√ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ icn. AtX kabw A[ym-]IkwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-I¿ Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ \¬Inb kw`m-h\ Ipd®pImWm\pw Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬, \s√mcp`mKw A[ym-]-Icpw `mKn-I-ambnam{Xsa CCSS s\ Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p-≈p. CCSS s\ am\-kn-I-ambn kzmwio-I-cn-°m≥ Ah¿ Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂n√F∂-XmWv an° tImtf-Pp-I-fn-tebpwA\p- -h-߃ ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.

k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fnse c-W-hn- m-K-am-I-s´, ]co£m \S-Øn-∏n¬ hcp-tØ≠ ]cn-jvIm-cßfpw am‰-߃°pwA¿ln-°p∂ Kuc-h-Øn¬ Bcw- n-®n-cp-∂n-√. tNmZy-t]-∏¿ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xnepw ]co-£-bpsS \S-Øn∏v coXn-bnepw aqey-\n¿W-b-Ønepw CCSSA\pkcn® am‰w D≠m-bn-√. Ah-sbm-s° ]gb coXn-bn¬ Xs∂ XpS-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂A[ym-]-I¿°p]Icw A\y k¿h-I-

imkv{X-KXn 27

em-im-e-bnse A[ym-]-I¿ Xs∂tNmZy-߃ Xbm-dm-°-W-sa-∂-Xn¬k¿h-I-em-ime hn´p-ho-gvNbv°v Xbm-dm-bn-√. A\y \m´p-Im¿ Chn-SsØam‰-ß-sfm∂pw a\- n-em-°msX ]gbcoXn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. tNmZy-߃ hfsc A\p-Nn-X-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.aqey-\n¿W-bsØ A[ym-]-\-hr-Øn-bpsS `mK-ambn IW-°m-°n, ¢Ã¿ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-am-bn-cp∂p; \S-∂n-√. CXn-s\m∂pw A\p-Iq-e-amb A¥-co-£-a√ hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xv. F√m-hcpw ""h¿[n® tPmen -`mc''Øn¬ Ip‰w Is≠-Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p]e-t∏mgpw {ian-®-Xv. {]iv\-߃ N¿®-bn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ am¿K-a√kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

tImtf-Pp-I-fnse Ah-[n-Im-e߃CCSS A\p-k-cn®v {Iao-I-cn-°m≥k¿°m¿ \S-]Sn ssIs°m-t≈-≠-Xm-bn-cp∂p; sNbvXn-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]T\ Znh-k-߃ th≠{X e`y-am-bn-√. hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚bpwkzImcy ]T-\-Øn-s‚bpw KpWhpwKWhpw am‰-Ø° coXn-bn¬ ]pXn-sbmcp ""tÉv Hm∏¨ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n''ÿm]n -°m≥ th≠ \S-]-Sn -IƒssIs°m-≠n-cp-s∂-¶nepw AsXm∂pw{]tbm-K-Øn¬ h∂n-√. CXn-se√mwHcp Xpd∂ \ne-]mSv FSp-t°-≠-Xn-\p-]-Icw hfsc k¶p-Nn-X-amb coXn-bn¬""kzImcy AP≠'' Iƒ \S-∏m-°m-\mWv]ecpw {ian-®-Xv. Ct∏mgpw {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xpw. CØcw Imcy-ß-fn-sems° Iptd-°qSn hnim-e-ambcmjv{Sob kao-]-\hpw N¿®bpw ka-hm-bhpw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp∂p; C\nbpwBh-iy-am-Wv.

tI{μ-k¿°m-cpw, bp.-Pn.-kn.-bp-sams° _ncp-Z-Xe CCSSs\ IqSp-X¬{]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v FØn-°m-\p≈ {ia-Øn-em-Wv. F∂m¬, tIc-f-Ønsek¿°m¿ Ct∏mƒ t\man-t\‰v sNbvXp-≠m-°nb kn≥Un-t°-‰p-I-fm-Is´ CXn-\Iw \S-∏m°n Ign-s™mcp hyh-ÿ-sb, sX‰v XncpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw apf-bn¬Xs∂ \p≈n-°-f-bm-\mWv {ian-°p∂-Xv. F√mw hfschfsc k¶p-Nn-X-amb cmjv{Sob XmXv]-cy-ß-fpsS t]cn-emWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hnim-e-am-sbmcpcmjv{Sob Ah-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw P\m-[n-]Xy \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw A`m-h-amWv ChnsS {]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

Hcp Imcyw Xo¿®-bm-Wv. qcn- mKwhcp∂ A[ym-]-Icpw hnZym¿∞n-IfpwC∂sØ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ {]bm-k-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp s{]m^-j-W¬ tImgvkns‚ ]co£ Cu coXn-

bn¬ A´n-a-dn-°m≥ GsX-¶nepw bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n°v ss[cy-ap-≠m-Iptam? D≠m-hn-√. Imc-Ww, AhnsS ]Tn-°p∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-°ƒ kzm[o\w D≈-h-cm-Wv.

B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kv tImtf-Pp-I-fnse _ncp-Z-X-e-Øn-emWv G‰hpwIqSp-X¬ t]¿ D∂-X-hn-Zym- ymkw t\Sp-∂-sX-¶nepw Ah-cn¬ \s√mcp ]¶pwZcn-{Z-cm-Wv. s]¨Ip´n-I-fp-am-Wv.AhnsS \S-°p∂ Hcp ]co-£bv°pwFkv. -F-kv . -F¬. -kn. ]co£t]msetbm F≥{S≥kv ]co£t]msetbm {]m[m-\y-an-√. Bcpw AXv{i≤n-°m-dp-an-√. sNdnb ]ng-hp-IƒI≠m¬ AXns\ F√m-hcpw ]¿h-Xo-I-cn-°pw; A{X-am-{Xw.

GXm-bmepw D∂-X- hn-Zym-`ym-kcwKsØ as‰mcp ]co£WhpwIme-b-h-\n-I-bn¬ ad-bp-I-bm-Wv.

]mh-s∏´ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsSc£n -Xm -°ƒ°pw Hcp hn`mKwBflm¿∞-cmb A[ym-]-I¿°pwHgnsI Cu ""Ifn-''bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿s°√mw IrXy-amb, Nne-t∏mƒhy‡n-]-c-hp-amb, A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v. Ch-bm -I -s´, ]e-t∏mgpw k¶p -NnXcmjv{Sob XmXv]-cy-ß-fpsS mK-amWvXm\pw. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, XXv]-c-I-£n-I-fpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb AP-≠-I-fmWvC°m-eØv hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xv. ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp -∂-Xm-I-s´, s]mXp -k-aq -lhpwAXns‚ s]mXp AXn-cp-I-fp-am-Wv.CCSS s‚ Imcyhpw AXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-Im-\n-S-bn-√-t√m. Imc-Ww, hnZym-`ymk I®-h-S-°mcpw hnhn-[-Xcw ]¶p-]-‰p-Imcpw kPo-h-am-bn-Xs∂ cwK-Øp≠v F∂-Xp-X-s∂.

tIc-f-Ønse hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv C∂v B¿°pwth≠m-Ø-XmWv _ncp-Z-Xe ]T-\w. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Hcp k¿°m¿kvIqfnse ]Ømw-¢m-knse kuI-cy-߃t]mepw Hcpk¿°m¿ tImtf-Pnse¢mkvap-dn-bn¬ C√.Ign™ Iptd h¿j-ß-fmbn ]mtS Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ B¿Svkv B≥Uvkb≥kv tImtf-Pp-I-fn-tebv°v FØn-t®¿∂sNdn-sbmcp {]Xo-£-bm-bn-cp∂p CCSS. AXns‚hc-thmsS A°m-Z-anIvA¥-co£w Ipsd-sbms° DW¿∂v{]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu\√ ImcysØ apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ k¿h-I-em-ime _m[y-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p.

28 am¿®v 2012

IrjntUm. sI.Un. {]Xm]≥

tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-ime hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ s\√n-\-߃ cmPy-m¥c{]ikvX-am-Wv. Da, tPymXn, Im©\ XpS-ßnb hnØp-I-fmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ s\¬Ir-jnsb \mSp\oßmsX ]nSn®p\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bpsS Iogn-ep≈ ]´m-ºn, as¶m-ºv,ssh‰ne Kth-jW tI{μ-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂ Kth-jW {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpwP\nXI tiJ-chpw \ΩpsS £y kpc-£sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hfsc{][m-\-am-Wv. 2008˛¬ nen-∏o≥knsea\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ A¥m-cmjv{S s\√v Kth-jW tI{μhpw (IRRI-International Rice Reserch Institute)\yqU¬ln-bn-ep≈ mc-Xob Im¿jnIKth-jW Iu¨knepw tN¿∂v _n¬

tK-‰vkv saen≥U ut≠-js‚ kmº-ØnI klm-b-tØmSp IqSn sX°pIng-°≥ Gjy-bnse s\¬Ir-jn-°m-¿°pth≠n tcmK- -IoS {]Xn-tcm[ tijn-bp-≈Xpw {]Xn-Iqe Imem-h-ÿsb sNdp-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb \qX\ s\√n-\-߃ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp_rl-Ømb ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. hnhn[ cmPy-ßfn¬ e`y-am-bn- p≈s\√ns‚ P\n-XI kºØv ]c-kv]cwssIam-dp-∂Xpw ]co-£W-߃°v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw ]≤-Xn-bpsS mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bpƒs∏sS, tI{μ ˛ k-w-ÿm\Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ ]Xn-t\-tgmfw ÿm]-\-ß-fmWv_rl-Ømb Cu Kth-jW ]≤-Xn-

bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-tI-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.F∂m¬ Nne k¿°-cn-Xc kwLS\-Ifpw hy‡n-Ifpw ssPh-tNm-cWw(biopiracy) BWv CØcw Hcp ]≤-Xn-bpsS KqVe£y-sa∂v Btcm-]n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v ta¬ ]d™ ]≤Xnhnhm-Z-am-bn. XpS¿∂v A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp∂ CSXp]£ ap∂Wn Kh¨sa‚ vIm¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z\ IΩo-jW¿, ssPh-ssh-hn[y t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥,k¿°m-cn-Xc kwL-S\m {]Xn-\n[nF∂n-h-cpƒs∏´ Hcp aq-∂wK IΩ-‰nsbAt\z-j-W-Øn\p \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw,Im¿jnI imkv{X-⁄sc hmXn-en\p]pd-Øn-cpØn IΩ‰n \¬Inb ip]m-¿i {]Imcw Irjn-a{¥n ]≤-Xn°vA\p-aXn \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

P\n-XIkºØv

hnizss]-XrIwa\p-jys‚ ssPhtNmZ-\-Iƒ cmPy-mXn¿Øn-Iƒ sIm≠v XSpØp \ndp-Øp-hm≥Ign-bm-ØXp t]mse hnfIfpw hf¿Øp arK-ßfpw, Xe-ap-d-I-fmbvkwc-£n®pt]mcp∂ P\n-XIkºØpw cmPy-߃°n-S-bn¬ hoXw hbv°pIF∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ ta¬ cmjv{S-ß-fpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂Xpw AXp-hgn cmPym¥c D]-tbm-Kw XS-bp-∂-XpwNcn-{X-]-c-amb h¶-Ø-am-Wv.

imkv{X-KXn 29

tIcfØnse Irjn-°m¿°v D]-bp-‡-am --Ipambn -cp∂ Kth-j-W-Øn\vkwÿm\ Kh¨sa‚ v A\p-aXn \ntj-[n-s®-¶nepw Xan-gv\mSv Dƒs∏sS a‰vkwÿm-\-ß-fnse Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-Ifpw tI{μ Kth-jW ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ s\√v Kth-jW]≤Xn tIc-f-Øn\p ]pdØv apt∂-dp-I-bm-Wv. aq∂mw temI cmPy-ß-fn¬{]mtZ-in-I-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw, hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fnse_lp-cmjv{S IpØ-I-Ifpw a‰pw ssI-°-em-°p-I-bpw, CXns\ ASnkvYm\-am°n AXyp¬]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ C\-߃ ˛ -P\n-X-I-am‰w hcp-ØnbhDƒs∏sS hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØv t]‰‚ vhgn kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-Xn-s\-bmWv ssPhtNmcWw AYhmbiopiracy F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.ssPh-tNm-cWw XS-bp-hm≥ \ΩpsS\m´nep≈ P\n-XI kºØv cmPy-Øn\p ]pdØp IS-Øp-∂Xv GXp-hn-t[-\bpw XS -bWw F∂ apd -hn -fn]etImWp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Db-cm-dp-≠v.

tZiob P\n-XI kzmX{¥yw F∂Bibw _men-i-hpw A]-I-S-I-chpam-sW∂v ]d-bmsX Xc-an-√. P\n-XI kº-Øns‚ tZi-km¬°-c-WØn\pwAXn≥ta-ep≈ cmjv{S-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ hmZ-ap-J-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm\w Im¿jnI hnf--I-fpsSD¬`h˛ hnIm-k˛ ]cn-Wm-a-ßsf Ipdn-®p≈ A⁄-X-bm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn

h‰¬ apf-Ins‚ Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ CXp hy‡-am-Ipw. C¥y≥ ]mN-I-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmb apf-Ins‚ P∑-\mSv sXt°-A-ta-cn-°-bmWv. {InkvXp-hn\v 5000 h¿jw ap≥]v saIvkn-t°m-bnse BZn-a- \n-hm-kn-Iƒ h‰¬ apfIvD]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xn\p sXfnhp-I-fp≠v.C¥y-sb∂p sX‰n-≤-cn®p sXt°-A-ta-cn -°-bn-se-Ønb sImfw-_-kmWvNph∂ C¥y-°m¿s°m∏w Nph∂apfIpw Is≠-Øp-∂Xpw bqtdm-∏n-se-Øn-°p-∂Xpw. bqtdm-∏n¬ \n∂pw ]d-¶n-I-fmWv Iip-am-hn\pw a‰p ]e ]c-tZin hnf-Iƒ°psam∏w h‰¬ apfIvC¥y-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xv. C∂vtemI-tØ-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ h‰¬ apfIvDev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xpw C¥y-bm-Wv. Cu ]c-tZ-in-bpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn-eqsS am{Xw {]Xn-h¿jw \ap°v e`n-°p-∂Xv 1535 tImSn cq]-bpsS hntZ-i-\m-Wy-am-Wv. C¥y-bn¬\n∂pw Ib-‰p-aXnsNøp∂ kpK-‘ hy-⁄-\-ß-fn¬{]Y-a-ÿm\w h‰¬ apf-In-\m-Wv.

Im¿jnI hnf-Iƒ D¬`-hn-®XvtemI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-em-Wv.

F∂m¬ Im¿jnI hnf-Ifnt∑¬ \ne-\n¬∏n-\mbn a\p-jy-\p≈ B{in-X-XzwtZi- -h¿§˛h¿Æ t`Z-߃°v AXo-X-am-Wv. a\p-jys‚ Blm-c-Øn¬ 90 iX-am-\hpw e`n-°p-∂Xv 20 kky-ß-fn¬\n∂m-Wv. tKmX-ºv, s\√v, tNmfw, Dcp-f-°n--gßv F∂o shdpw \mep hnf-k-ky-ß-fmWv a\pjy £-W-Øns‚ 60iX-am-\hpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

`£yhnf-Iƒ hnhn[ qJ-WvU-ß-fn¬ D¬`-hn-®-Xn-\m¬ temI-cm-jv{S-߃ P\n-X-I-k-º-Øns‚ k¶o¿Æ-amb Nß-e-°-Æn-I-fm¬ _‘n-X-am-Wv.P\n-X-I ]cm-{i-b-Øns‚ tXmXn¬ F‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Ifp≠m-I-msa-¶nepw Hcp cm-jv{S-Øn\pw temI-Øns‚ a‰p mK-ß-fn¬ D¬ -hn® P\n-X-I-k-º-Øv kzbwHgn-hm°ntbm a‰p- cm-Py-ß-fm¬ \ntj-[n-°-s∏t´m \ne-\n¬°pI Akm-[y-am-Wv. sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkº-Øns‚taep≈ B{in-X-Xzw F∂-XmWv temI-\n-b-aw; P\n-XI kzmX{¥yw F∂XvAkm-[yhpw.

\ΩpsS Im¿jnI hnf -Iƒ,hf¿Øp-ar-K-߃ F∂n-h-bn¬ qcn- m-Khpw sshtZ-in-I-am-Wv. tKmX-ºv, d_¿,sImt°m, hm\n-e, ssIX-®°, ]d-¶n-amhv, X°m-fn, Dcpf-°n-g-ßv, tNmfw, ac-®o-\n, C‰menb≥ tX\o-®, Pgvkn-˛kznkv {_u¨ ]ip-°ƒ, ImS, Im¿∏va’yw XpS-ßn-bh Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃am{Xw. Ct∏mgpw ]pXnb hnf-Ifpwkky-ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw Irjn-°mbn ZsØ-Sp-°p-∂Xv \mw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. Inhn,Fap, Hen-hv, t\m\n (Hcp e-hr£w)

XpS-ßn-bh ASp-Ø-Im-eØv \mw kzoI-cn® hntZ-in-I-fm-Wv.

C¥y-bpsS t£ym¬]m-Z-\Øn¬68 iX-am\w sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkº-Øns\ ASn -ÿm-\ -am -°n -bm -Wv .AXyp¬]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ s\√n-\-߃hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v \mw {][m-\-ambpw B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xv hntZ-i- C\-ß-sf-bm-Wv. B[p-\nI C¥y≥ s\√n-\-ß-fn¬ 60 iX-am-\-Ønepw hntZ-i- C\-ß-fpsS Po\p-Iƒ AS-ßn-bn- p-≠v. hymh-km-bnI hnf-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬\ΩpsS ]cm-{i-bXzw 90 iX-am-\-Øn\papI-fn-em-Wv. \sΩ hdp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂vc£n®v £ykzbw ]cym--]vX-X-bn-te°v\bn® Im¿jnI hnπ-h-߃ lcnX,[h-f, \oe F√mw Xs∂ km[y-am-°n-bXv sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkº-Øm-Wv.

sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ 1992¬ {_ko-ense dtbm-˛-Un-˛-P-\o-tdm-bn¬ h®p \S∂ ssPhssh-hn[y I¨sh≥j≥ Hmtcm- cm-Py-Øn\pw Xß-fpsS ssPh-ssh-hn[yØn\p taep≈ ]c-am-[n-ImcwAwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CX-\p-k-cn®vcmPy-߃°v \nb-a- \n¿amWw hgnXß-fpsS P\n-XIkºØv Xt±-io-b-c-√m-Ø-h¿°p e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xns\ \nb-{¥n-°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. ssPh-k-º-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-Xsb kw_-‘n-°p∂X¿°-߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-∂Xv AXyp¬]m-Z\ tijn-bp≈ hnØp-I-fpsS \nb-{¥Ww t]‰‚p-Iƒ hgn hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fnse IpØ-I-Iƒ ssI°-em-°p-∂-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. F√m-Øcw ssPh-

30 am¿®v 2012

ssh-hn-[y-hpw, kky-{]-P-\-\-Øn-\p]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ap¥nb C\-߃ Dƒ∏sS,s]mXpkzØm-bn-cn-°Wsa∂ aq∂mwtemI-Øns‚ Bhiyw AXyp¬]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ hnØp-Iƒ°v _u≤nIkzØ-h-Imiw A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂pwt]‰‚ v\n-b-a-߃ am\n-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂p≈ hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnI-kn-X- -hnIkzc cmPy-߃ XΩn¬ ssPh-ssh-hn[y I¨sh≥j-\n-ep-≠mbX¿°w, C¥y Dƒs∏sS aq∂mw temI-cm-Py-ß-fpsS Iq-´mb hne-t]-i-en-s\-Øp-S¿∂v P\n-XIkºØns‚ tZi-km¬°-c-W-Øn-te°p\bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CX-\p-kcn®v \mf-Xp-hsc am\h-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp kzØm-bn-cp∂ P\n-XI kºØv cmjv{S-߃°n-S-bn¬]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, Hmtcm- cm-Py-Øn\pw Xß-fpsS AXn¿Øn-°p-≈n-ep≈ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øn-\p-ta¬ ]c-am-[nImcw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ssPhsshhn-[y- I¨sh≥j≥,\nb-a-\n¿amWw hgn cmjv{S-߃°vXß-fpsS P\n-XIkº-Øn\p ta¬ ]c-am-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. CX-\p-k-cn®v2002˛¬ C¥y≥ ]m¿e-sa‚ v ]m m-°nb ssPhsshhn-[y- \nbaw C¥y≥]uc≥am-scm-gn-®p-≈-h¿ \ΩpsS cmPym-Xn¿Øn-°p-≈n-ep≈ P\n-XIkº-Øp]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v I¿i-\-amb\nb-{¥-W-߃ I¬∏n-°p-∂p. CXn-\Iw an° aq∂mw temI cmPy-ßfpwkam-\-amb \nb-a- \n¿amWw \S-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ P\n-XIkº-Øns‚kzX-{¥-amb A¥mcmjv{S hn\n-abwAkm-[y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C¥ybpwa‰v aq∂mw temI cmPy-ßfpw kzbwASn-t®¬∏n-®n-cn -°p∂ Ccpºpad\ΩpsS Xs∂ A`n-hr-≤n°pw ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw XS am-Wv. Cu \nbawC\n-ta¬ a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬ D¬`-hn®hnf-Ifpw ]£n arKm-Zn-Ifpw Xt±-io-b-cpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-√m-sXbpw {]Xn-^ew \¬Im-sXbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂XvA[m¿anI {]hr-Øn-bm°n am‰p-∂p.

aq∂mw temIw P\n-XIkº-Øns‚tZi-km¬°-cWw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp -hm-\p≈ apJy-Im-cWw _lp-cmjv{SIpØ-I-I-fpsS t]‰‚ v hgn-bp≈ \ocm-fn -∏nSpØsØ sNdp-°p-∂-Xn\pw,_tbm-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pn˛^m¿a-kyq- n-°¬hyh-kmb taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ ssPhkº-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap-≠m-Ip∂ em`w aq∂mw temI-hp-ambn\oXn ]q¿h-I-ambn ]¶p-h-bv]n°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn -cp -∂p. F∂m¬ kºØn-s‚bpw em -Øns‚ BtKmf ]¶nS¬e£y-am°n \S-∏-nem-°nb tZikm-¬°cWw Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw A{]m-tbm-KnIhpw am{X-a√ hn]-co-X- ew Df-hm-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. ]m›mXy cmPy-ß-fnse _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pn˛^m¿a-kyq- n-°¬ hyh-kmbw aq∂mw temIsØssPhsshhn-[ysØ B{i-bn-®mWp\ne-\n¬°p-∂-sX∂ [mcW hkvXp-Xm-]-c-a-√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn _n‰n hgp-X-\,If-\m-in\n {]Xn-tcm-[-ti-j-nbp≈ hnf-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ hnf-°n-t®¿Øn-cn-°p∂ Po\p-I-fpsS Dd-hn-S-amb _mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒ k¿h-hym-]n-bm-Wv. _mkn-√kvXpdn≥Pn-b≥knkv F∂ _n‰n _mIvSo-cn-bsb BZy-ambn Is≠-Øn-bXvP¿a-\n-bnse Xpdn≥Pnb F∂ ÿe-Øp-\n-∂p-am-Wv. acp∂p Iº-\n-IƒB[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-sfbpw]pØ≥ cmkkwbp-‡-ß-sf-bp-amWv]pXnb acp-∂p-I-fpsS Is≠-Ø-en\vapJy-ambpw ASnÿm-\-am-°p-∂-sX∂v]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. ]c-º-cm-KXAdn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw X\Xv Im¿jnI hnf-I-fp-sSbpw ta¬ t]‰‚p-Iƒ hgnIpØIIƒ _u≤nI Ah-Imiwÿm]n-°p-∂Xp XS-bp-hm≥ tZi-km¬°cWw ^e-{]-Z -a -√. adn®vCØcw Adn-hp-Ifpw kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpw hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ s]mXp- a-WvU-e-Øn-te-° v (knowledge commons)]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv Ch-bpsS taep≈ IpØ-I-h¬°-cWw XS-bp-∂-Xn\p klm-bn-°p-I. th∏v,a™ƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ta¬ hntZiIpØ-I-Iƒ t\Snb t]‰‚p-Iƒ d±p-sN-

ssPhsshhn-[y-I¨sh≥j≥, \nb-a-\n¿amWw hgn cmjv{S-߃°v Xß-fpsS P\n-XIkº-Øn\p ta¬ ]c-am-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-ImiwAwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. CX-\p-k-cn®v 2002˛¬ C¥y≥]m¿e-sa‚ v ]m m-°nbssPhsshhn-[y- \nbawC¥y≥ ]uc≥am-scm-gn-®p-≈-h¿ \ΩpsS cmPym-Xn¿Øn-°p-≈n-ep≈ P\n-XIkº-Øp]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v I¿i-\-amb \nb-{¥-W-߃ I¬∏n-°p-∂p. CXn-\Iw an°aq∂mw temI cmPy-ßfpw kam-\-amb \nb-a-\n¿amWw \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ kzX-{¥-amb A¥mcmjv{S hn\n-abw Akm-[y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

imkv{X-KXn 31

øn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xv DZm-l-c-W-w.th∏pw a™-fp-sams° temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw e`y-am-Wv. Ch _lp-cmjv{SIpØ-I-Iƒ Dƒs∏sS B¿°pw e n-°p-∂Xv XS-bpI F∂Xv Akm-[y-hp-am-Wv.F∂m¬ Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw kw_-‘n® ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb Adnhv \ΩpsSBbp-¿-thZ {KŸ-߃ Dƒs∏sS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- n- p≈ imkv{X hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ s]mXp aWvU-e-Øn¬ e`y-am-bn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠mWv ta¬ ]d™t]‰‚p-Iƒ BtKmf Xe-Øn¬ Xs∂d±p sNøp-hm≥ Ign-™-Xv. ssPh-tNm-cWw (biopiracy) F∂v Btcm]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ CØcw DuXnho¿∏n® DZm-l-c-W-߃ tZio-b-X-bp-ambn Iq´n-s°´nssPh-ssh-hn[y \nb-a-sØbpw P\n-XI kº-Øns‚ tZi-km¬°-c-W-sØbpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv.

tam¨kmt‚m, Upt]m-≠v, kn≥-sP‚ XpSßn F√m BtKmf hnØpIp-Ø-I-Ifpw IqSn H≥]Xp Im¿jnI hnf-Iƒ am{X-amWv hn]-W\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv.hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ ta¬]d™ hnf-I-fpsS P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬IpØ-I-Iƒ kzbw ]cym-]vX-hp-am-Wv.Bb-Xn-\m¬ ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚tZi-km¬°-c-Whpw cmjv{S߃°n-S-bn¬ AXp≠m-°p∂ then-sI- p-IfpwIpØ-I-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-b√,adn®v hnI-kzccmPy-ß-fnse Im¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z-\-sØbpw `£y kpc-£-tbbp-amWv tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°p-I.]mcn-ÿn-XnI˛imkv{X˛hn⁄m\ aqey-Øn\p ]Icw ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚hn]Wn aqey-Øn-ep≈ Aan-X-ambDu∂-emWv ssPhsshhn-[y- I¨sh-≥js‚ apJy t]mcm-bva. ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚ knwl- m-K-Øn\pw bmsXmcpkmº-ØnI aqey-hp-an-s√∂p am{X-a√sshhn-[y-w sIm≠p am{Xw kmº-ØnIaqey-Øn¬ h¿[-\hv D≠m-Ip-∂p-an-√.

sshhn-[y- ]q¿Æ-amb Imem-h-ÿ-bmepw `q{]-Ir-Xn-bmepw A\p-Krlo-Xamb C¥y-bn¬ temI-sØ-hn-sSbpwD¬`-hn® hnf-Itfm hf¿Øp arK-ßtfm Irjn sNøp-hm\pw ]cn-]m-en-°p-hm\pw Ign-bpw. Imem-hÿm hyXn-bm-\sØ sNdp-°p-∂-Xn\pw IqSp-X¬ÿeØv Irjn-bnd°n `t£ym¬-]m-Z\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw temI-Øns‚ a‰p `mK-ß-fn¬ P∑-saSpØsX v (Ing-°≥ B{^n-°-bnse apJy`£y-hn-f) t]mep≈ hnf-Isf \ap°vZsØ-Sp-t°≠n hcpw. \ΩpsS kp{]-[m\ Im¿jnI hnf-I-fp-sSbpw I∂p-Im-en-I-fp-sSbpw ]pXnb C\-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ {]P-\\ ]≤-Xn-I-

sf√mw Xs∂ sshtZ-inI P\n-XI kº-Øns\ B{i-bn-®p-≈-Xm-Wv. IoS˛tcmK_m[-Isf sNdp-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnfhvh¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Kth-jW{]h¿Ø-\-߃ A\pkyq -X-amb{]{In-b-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkº-Øv XpS¿®-bmbn \ap-°m-h-iy-am-Wv. Hcp cmPy-Øn\pw P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ kzbw ]cym]vXXssIh-cn -°m -\m -hn√ F∂-XmWvhkvXpX F∂n-cn-s°, ssPhssh-hn-[y-Øn-t∑-ep≈ hn\m-i-I-c-amb \nb-{¥-W߃ temI-sØßpw hym]n-°p-I-bm-Wv. ssPh-tNm-cWw XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n q´m≥, {ioe¶ XpS-ßn hfsc]cn -an -X -amb Im¿jnI ssPh-ssh-hn[yw am{Xw kz¥-am-bp≈ sNdp-cmPy-߃ t]mepw Xß-fpsS tZiobssPh kº-Øn\p Np‰pw CcpºpadDb¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv cmjv{S-߃ XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿j-Øn\vB°w Iq´p-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ipw._kp -aXn Acn -bpsS DS -a -ÿm-hIm-i-Øn\p th≠n C¥ybpw ]m°n-ÿm\pw XΩn-ep≈ X¿°w DZm-l-c-Ww.

ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚ hyh-km-bnI D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ hcp-am\w Xt±-iob P\-k-aq-l-ß-fp--ambn]¶p-h-°p-∂-X-S°w ssPh-ssh-hn[yI¨sh≥j≥ Db¿Ønb {]Xo-£-I-sf√mw Pe-tc-J-I-fmbn amdp-I-bm-Wv.

tam¨kmt‚m, Upt]m-≠v, kn≥-sP‚ XpSßnF√m BtKmf hnØpIp-Ø-I-Ifpw IqSn H≥]XpIm¿jnI hnf-Iƒ am{X-amWv hn]-W\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv. hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ta¬]d™ hnf-I-fpsSP\n-XIkº-Øns‚Imcy-Øn¬ IpØ-I-Iƒkzbw ]cym-]vX-hp-am-Wv.Bb-Xn-\m¬ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚tZi-km¬°-c-Whpwcmjv{S߃°n-S-bn¬AXp≠m-°p∂ then-sI-´p-Ifpw IpØ-I-I-fpsS{]h¿Ø-\-sØ-b√,adn®v hnI-kzccmPy-ß-fnse Im¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z-\-sØbpw `£ykpc-£-tbbp-amWvtZmj-I-c-ambn_m[n-°p-I

32 am¿®v 2012

C¥y-bpsS ssPh-ssh-hn[y AtXm-dn-‰n ˛ CXns‚ apJy e£yßfn-sem∂vkmº-ØnI t\´w ]¶p hbv°pIF∂-Xm-Wv ÿm]nXambn v h¿j-߃Ign-s™-¶nepw C°m-cy-Øn¬ Imcy-amb bmsXmcp ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw ssIh-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n- n-√.

hnI-kzccmPy-߃ 1992˛¬ sFIy-cmjv{S k`-bpsS ssPh-ssh-hn[yI¨sh≥j-\n¬ kzoI-cn® XnI®pwAim-kv{Xo-b-amb X{¥w Ct∏mƒ Xß-fpsS Xs∂ ]X-\-Øn\p hgn sXfn-bn-°p-I-bm-Wv. IpØ-I-I-fpsS t]‰‚ vhXvI-c-WsØ tZi-kmXvIcWw sIm≠vt\cn-Sp∂ aq∂mw temI X{¥w XnI®pwBfl-l-Xym-]-c-am-Wv. P\n--X-Ikº-Øn¬\n∂p-ap≈ kmº-ØnI t\´w {Kmao-W¿°pw tIm¿∏-td‰p `oa∑m¿°p-an-S-bn¬ ]¶p hbv°pI F∂Xv A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-sa∂p am{X-a√ hyh-kmbhXvIc-W-Ønt\m \qX-\-amb I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃t°m imkv{X-kmt¶-XnI apt∂-‰-߃t°m ]I-c-am-hn-s√∂ Imcyw \mwXncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. t\m°p-Iqen°pkam-\-amb CXv kmºØnI hf¿®tbm,{Kmao-W¿°v kpÿn-c-amb hcp-am\am¿Ktam Xpd∂p Xcn-s√∂v hy‡-am-Wv.

P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobwaq∂mw temI-cm-Py-߃°p ap∂n¬Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂Xv ]cn-an-X-amb hmXn-ep-Iƒam{X-am-Wv. H∂p-In¬ IpØ-I-I-fpsSt]‰‚ v, _u≤nIkzØv Ah-Im-isØ

AwKo-I-cn-°pI As√-¶n¬ hnØns‚taep≈ t]‰‚ v, kky-{]-P-\\ Ah-Imiw (PBR- Plant Breeders Rights) apX-emb F√m-Øcw _u≤nI Ah-Im-i-ß-sfbpw ]q¿Wambn \ncm-I-cn-°p-I. hn]-coX Zni-bn-ep≈ Chbn-sem∂p am{X-amWv \ap°p Xncs™-Sp°p-hm-\p-≈-Xv.BtKm-f-hXvI-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ BZy-am¿Kw am{X-amWv {]mtbm-KnIw, H∏w IpØ-I-hXvIc-WsØ sNdp-°p-hm≥ Xt±-io-bhpw hntI-{μo-Ir-X-hp-amb hnØp hyh-km-b-Øn\pw s]mXp-ta-Jem Im¿jnI Kth-j-W-Øn\pwDu∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

a\p-jys‚ ssPhtNmZ-\-Iƒ cmPy-mXn¿Øn-Iƒ sIm≠v XSpØp \ndp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bm-ØXp t]mse hnfIfpwhf¿Øp arK-ßfpw, Xe-ap-d-I-fmbvkwc-£n®pt]mcp∂ P\n-XIkºØpwcmPy-߃°n-S-bn¬ hoXw hbv°pIF∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv. imkv{Xhpwkmln-XymZn kwKoXIe-Ifpw t]mseP\n-XIkºØpw cmPymXnh¿Øn-bm-Wv. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ ta¬ cmjv{S-ß-fpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂XpwAXp-hgn cmPym¥c D]-tbm-Kw XS-bp-∂-Xpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb h¶-Ø-am-Wv.

P\n-XIkºØv A\-¥-ambn ]p\-cp¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw (re-newable) Hcp {]tZ-isØ D]-tbmKw a‰p-≈nS-ßfnse D]-tbm-KØns\ _m[n-°mØXp-amW.v DZm-l-c-W-ambn Dcp-f-°n-

gßv sXt°-A-ta-cn-°-bnse s]dp-hn¬D¬ -hn®v temI-saßpw hym]n-s®mcphnf-bm-Wv. CXv bqtdm-∏n-tem C¥y-bn-tem Irjn sNøp-∂Xv sXt° Ata-cn-°-sb bmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw _m[n°p-∂n-√. 2050-¬ temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bpsS 18iX-am-\hpw C¥ym-°m-cm-bn-cn-°pw. CuP\-Xsb Xo‰n t]m‰m≥ \ΩpsS ]°-ep-≈Xv BsI qhn-kvXr-Xn-bpsS 2.5 iX-am-\hpw P\n-XI sshhn-[y-Øns‚ 7.8iX-am-\hpw am{X-am-Wv.

sPhsshhn[yw am\-h-cm-in-bpsSs]mXp kzØmbn \ne\n¿Øp-IbpwcmPym-¥c Xe-Øn¬ P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ kzX-{¥-amb hn\n-abw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Ct∏mƒØs∂]cpß-en-em-bn-cn-°p∂ \ΩpsS `£ykpc£ Dd∏v hcp-Øp-hm≥ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

Ak-a -Xz -Øn --s\bpw A\o-Xn -sbbpw sNdp-°p-hm≥ ]pdwtemI-tØ-°p≈ hmXm-b-\-߃ sIm´n-b-S-°p-∂Xv, kzbw Imcm-Krlw Xo¿ØphnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃ sISp-Øp--∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. ]pcmX\-Imew apX¬XpS¿∂p hcp∂ A\n-hm -cy -ambBtKmf kmº-ØnI kmaqlykmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-ß-fpsS KpW-

-e-߃ kzmwioI-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, A\o-Xn-s°-Xn-cmb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-∂XpwXΩn¬ sshcp -≤y -an -s√∂p \mwXncn-®-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 33

IpXn-sIm-≈p∂ imkv{Xwkn.-hn. N{μ≥

Nmƒkv Um¿hns‚ ]cn-Wma kn≤m¥w sX‰m-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°m≥ F¥p sXfn-hmWp th≠-sX∂ tNmZy-Øn\v hn{ipX Poh-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂ sP.-_n.-F-kv. lm¬tUbv≥ ]d™ Hcp adp-]-Sn-bp-≠v. ""AXv \n m-cw. {]n -tIw-{_n-b≥ Ime-L- -Øn¬\n∂v Hcp apb-ens‚ t^mkn¬ Im´n-Ø-∂m¬ aXn''. kkvX-\n-Iƒ ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚Db¿∂]Sn-bn¬ A\p-{I-a-ambn FØn-t®¿∂p-sh-∂-Xns‚ Ak-μn-Kv[-amb {]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

F¥mWv ""{]n-˛tIw{_n-b≥''?]cn-Wma kn≤m¥w apt∂m´p hbv°p-tºmƒ

`qan-bpsS {]mb-sØ-°p-dn®v Um¿hn\v IrXy-ambAdn-hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. D≈ Dul-ß-sfm-s°bpw A°m-esØ {]K¤ `uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂tem¿Uv sI¬hns‚ KWnXw aqew BsI Ipg-∏-Øn-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Um¿hnt\m A∂sØimkv{X-⁄¿t°m ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv, Hcpt^mkn¬ e`n-®m¬ AXns‚ ]md-a-S-°p-I-fpsSASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ AXv GXv Ime-L- -Øn-te-XmWvF∂p am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ t^mkn-ep-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb ImesØ "tIw{_n-b≥' F∂pwAXn-\p-ap-ºp≈ ]md-a-S-°p-Iƒ BsI-°qsS "{]n -tIw-{_n-b≥' F∂pw ]d-™p-h-∂p.

GI-tZiw 545 Zi-e£w h¿jw apºp≈ Ime-sØ-bmWv imkv{X-⁄¿ Ct∏mƒ "tIw{_n-b≥'F∂p IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. 385 tImSn h¿jw apºpapX¬°p-Xs∂ Pohn-Iƒ D¤-hn®p Ign-™n-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ct∏mƒ Ah¿°-dn -bmw. Z£nW{Ko≥em≥Un-emWv C∏-d™ G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈t^mkn¬ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Xe-tbmSpw F√p-

Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥:

a\p-jys‚ kz¥w bpKw

Iev]ßfpw, bpK-ßfpw alm-bp-K-ß-fp-sam-s°-bmbn `qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L- -ßsf h¿Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ 11,500 sIm√w apºp apX¬ C∂p-h-sc-bp≈Ime-L- sØ "tlmtfm-ko≥' F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ a\p-jy-t‚-Xmb Hcp Ime-L- sØ imkv{X-⁄¿ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p: "Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥'.`qX-e-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ kz¥w hn{In-b-IƒsIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb HcpIme-L- w. \ΩpsS \K-c-ßfpw P\-]-Y-ßfpw `utam-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ sImØn-h®t\ -ß-fp-sams° Ft∂-°p-ambn HSp-ßn-°-gn-bp-tºmgpw a\p-jy≥ `qan-bn-e-h-ti-jn∏n-°m≥ CS-bp≈ Hcp Ime-L´w

34 am¿®v 2012

I-fp-sa-s∂m-s°-bp≈ A¿∞-Øn-e√ChnsS t^mkn-ep-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Poh hkvXp-°ƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°-fpsS km∂n-[y-am-Wn-Xv: X∑m{Xm t^mkn-ep-IƒF∂p ]dbmw CXv Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈kwhn-[m\w Ct∏mƒ imkv{X-⁄-cpsS]°-ep-≠v.

Ime-K-W-\-bpsS {]iv\w1859- ¬ "Hdn-Pns‚' {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-

tØmsS ss__nƒ hnizm-kn-bmb]m›mXy a\p-jy\v At∏mƒ apX¬c≠p hgn-Itf Ah-ti-jn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q.H∂p-In¬ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-I. As√-¶n¬ ]cn-Wm-asØ X≈n-∏-d™v Cu temIsØ ssZhw krjvSn-®XmsW∂ ap≥hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-I. Aßs\ hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒ ssZhw Cu `qansb krjvSn-®Xv {InkvXp-hn-\p-apºv 4004 HIvtSm-_¿23- mw Xob-Xn-bm-sW∂ Imcyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. C∏-d-™Xv icn-b√ F∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂m-Wn-Xn-\¿∞w.

1701- -ap-X¬°p-Xs∂ sPbnwkv cmPm-hns‚ AwKo-IrX {]mam-Wy-tØmsSCd-ßn-bn-´p≈ ss__nƒ ]Xn-∏p-I-fpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ am¿Pn-\n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂ Xob-Xn-bmWv C∏-d™HIvtSm-_¿ 23. ss__n-fnse Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw XobXn \n›-bn-°m≥ ]‰p-∂-Xp-sam-s°-bmb kw`-h-ß-fpsS\mƒhgn NnI™v AXy¥w {ia-I-c-amb Hcp Kth-j-W-Øn-eqsS B¿am-bnse B¿®v _nj∏v sPbnwkv Dj¿(1581- 1656) Is≠-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p CuXob-Xn. At±-l-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cnI

{KŸamb "Zn B\¬kv Hm^v ZnthƒUv'˛¬ BWv C°mcyw ]d-bp-∂Xv.

A°m-esØ bqtdm-∏nse Xs∂G‰hpw kap-∂-X-\mb ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp∂p _nj∏v Dj¿. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv At±-l-Øns‚ Is≠-جhnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-amb ss__n-fn¬ CSw]nSn-®-Xpw. ]pkvX-I-ßfpw Isø-gpØp{]Xn-I-fp-sam-s°-bmbn At±lw tiJ-cn® FÆ-a‰ {KŸ-ß-fmWv ]n∂oSvU_vfn-\nse {Sn\n‰n tImtf-Pnse_rlZv sse{_-dn°v ASn-Ø-d-bm-b-Xv.

C{X t¢i-I-chpw Zo¿L-hp-amb HcpKth-j-W-Øn\v _nj∏v Dj-sd-t∏mseD∂-X-\mb Hcmƒ F¥n\p Xp\n™p?F¥m-bn-cp∂p At±-lsØ CXn\pt{]cn-∏n® _u≤nI ]›m-Øew?

ss__nƒ hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]m›m-Xysc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw F√m Adn-hn-t‚bpw A¥na t{kmX v ss__n-fm -bn -cp -∂p. ss__nƒ am{Xw.{InkvXpaX-Øns‚ BZy \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬Xs∂ AXns‚ ]ptcm-ln-X¿{Ko°v, tdma≥ kwkvIr-Xn-I-fm¿Pn-®n-cp∂ ap≥Ime hn⁄m-\hpwss__nfpw ka¿∞-am-bn-Øs∂ ka-\z -bn -∏n®p Ign -™n -cp -∂p. Cuhn⁄m\w a[y- Im-e-L- hpw Ign™v\thm-∞m-\-Im-eØpw ]WvUn-X¿°v{]mam-Wn-I-am-bn-Øs∂ \ne-sIm-≠p.

ss__n-fn\papºp≈ ]ucm-WnIhn⁄m-\-tØm-Sp≈ B`n-apJywh¿[n® L´-Øn-emWv tSmf-an-bpsSkn≤m-¥-߃ ]p\x {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXmWv sImfw-_kv Xs‚kap-{Z-bm{X (1492- 1512) -Iƒ°v B[m-

1859-˛¬ "Hdn-Pns‚' {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-tØmsSss__nƒ hnizm-kn-bmb ]m›mXy a\p-jy\v At∏mƒ apX¬c≠p hgn-Itf Ah-ti-jn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. H∂p-In¬]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-I. As√-¶n¬ ]cn-Wm-asØ X≈n-∏-d™vCu temIsØ ssZhwkrjvSn-®XmsW∂ap≥hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-I. Aßs\hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒssZhw Cu `qansbkrjvSn-®Xv {InkvXp-hn-\p-apºv 4004 HIvtSm-_¿ 23-˛mw Xob-Xn-bm-sW∂Imcyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.C∏-d-™Xv icn-b√F∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂m-Wn-Xn-\¿∞w.

imkv{X-KXn 35

c-am-°n-b-Xv. tSmf-an-bpsS Zqc-K-W\ qan-bpsS bYm¿∞ hen-∏-Øn¬\n∂pwhfsc Ipd-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚^e-amWv ]Sn-™m-tdm´v k©-cn®vFfp-∏-Øn¬ Ing°p tZi-ß-fn-se-Øm-sa∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ sImfw-_kv FØn-b-Xv. F¶nepw At±lw sNs∂-Ønb`q{]-tZ -i-߃ ]ptcm-ln -X¿°pw]WvUn-X¿°pw A⁄m-X-am-b-h-X-s∂bmbn-cp-∂p. CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂mWv]ucm-WnI {Ko°v aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS ]T-\-Øn-eqsS am¿´n≥ eqY¿ {InkvXob\th-∞m-\-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®-Xv.bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ CXv hºn®kzm[o-\-amWv sNep-Øn-b-Xv. aX-]-c-amb Cu \thm -∞m\ Bi-b-߃s°m∏w bp‡n-]-c-amb hn⁄m-\-ti-J-c-W-hpw, kap-{Z-bm-{X-Ifpw AXp-hsc Adn-bm-Xn-cp∂ ]pØ≥ qJ-WvU-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hpw, kml-knIk©m-c-ß-fp-sam-s°-t®¿∂v B[p-\nIimkv{X-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn-\p≈ \ne-sam-cp-°¬ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.

bp‡n-bpsS bpK-Øns‚ Cu shfn-®-am-bn-cp∂p B¿®v _nj∏v DjsdCØ-c-samcp kml-knI bXv\-Øn\vt{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. Ime-sØ-°p-dn®v ]pXn-sbmcp k¶-ev]\w A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. C¥y, ssN\ F∂okwkvIr-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®p t\Snb ]pXnbAdn-hpw, Ah-bpsS Zo¿L-amb Ncn-{Xhpw bptdm-∏n\v ]pXnb Adn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. lo{_p kwkvIr-Xn-sb-°mƒ ]g-°-ap≈hbm-Wn-h-sb∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-Xs∂ hen-sbmcp {]iv\-am-bn.

ss__n-fnse ]gb \nbaw Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Hcp Ncn{X tcJ-bm-Wv. AXns‚BZysØ A©p ]pkvX-I-߃ (ThePenta teuch tamk-kns‚ cN\bmsW-∂mWv hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn¬krjvSnbpw a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw apgp-h-\m-bn-Øs∂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. BZhpw lΔbpw apX¬, {]f-b-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ t\ml-bpsS hwi-]-c-º-c-bpw, _mt_¬ tKm]p-c-Øns‚XI¿®-tbmsS `qan-bm-I-am\w ]c∂hn`n∂ a\p-jy-tKm-{X-ß-fpsS Ncn-{Xhpw hfsc kq£va-ambnØs∂ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bpw, kaq-l-ß-fpw, kwkvIr-Xn-I-fpw, aX-]-chpwA√m-Ø-Xp-amb ÿm]\ \n¿an-Xn-I-fp-sams° Cu Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°mt\ D≈q. am{X-a√ imkv{Xhpw Cu Ncn-{X-Øn\phnt[bw Xs∂. C∂v hnL-Sn-®p-t]mba\p -jy -hw -i -ß-sfm -s°-Øs∂H∂mbncp∂p-sh∂v DXv]-Øn-N-cn{XwDZvtLm-jn-°p-∂p.

]t£ Ct∏mƒ Is≠-Ønb]pXnb kwkvIr-Xn-Iƒ ln{_p P\-X-sb-°mƒ ]g-°-ap≈ Ime-L-´sØ{]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXvA]-ISw Xs∂. F¥p-sIm≠pwss__nƒ D]-tbm-Kn®p Xs∂ DXv]-Øn°v Ah-sc-°mƒ ]g°w Is≠-ØWw.

]gb \nb-a-Øns‚ {]mam-Wn-IXzwtNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv _nj∏v Dj¿ ss__n-fn-eqsSImesØ ]pd-tIm-´m-\-bn-®-Xv. ]t£F{X {ian-®n´pw {InkvXp-hn\v \mem-bn-c-tØmfw h¿jw apºp-hsc am{XtaAt±-l-sa-Øn-bp-≈q. C∂v ]cn-lm-ky-sa∂p tXm∂m-hp∂ Cu \nK-a-\-߃,]t£, A°m-eØv Gsd {]mam-Wn-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. ss__n-fn-eqsS Ime-K-W\\SØn Gsd-°psd _nj∏v Dj-dpsS\nK -a -\ -߃°v ASp -sØ-ØnbBfmWv sFkIv \yq´¨!

tem¿Uv sI¬hn\pw `qan-bpsS{]mbhpw

`qan -bpsS {]mbw Bbn-c-tam,e£tam h¿j-ß-f√ AXn-te-sd-bm-sW∂v k¶-ev]n® Nmƒkv Um¿hn\vC°m-cy-Øn¬ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ G‰hpwi‡-amb FXn¿∏v ]ptcm-ln-X-cp-sStbm ua-im-kv{X-⁄-cp-sS-tbm, Pohimkv{X-⁄-cp-sStbm mK-Øp-\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂n-√. {]XypX Hcp uXnI imkv{X-⁄-\n¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p. "Hdn-Pn≥'{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ A∂sØG‰hpw {]K-¤-\mb `uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄-cn -sem -cm -fm -bn -cp∂p hneywtXmwk¨ (tem¿Uv sI¬hn≥). {]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®v Ht´sd hnIev] Nn¥-Iƒ a\- n-te-‰nb Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. F∂m¬ bqtdm-∏n¬\n∂v hSs°Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v Iºn-Ø-]m¬ CSp-∂-Xn\v {Sm≥kv A‰vem≥UnIv tI_n-fp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°pI hgn {]i-kvX\pw[\n-I-\p-am-bn-Øo¿∂ imkv{X-⁄-\m-W-t±-lw.

XnI™ aX-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂sI¬hn≥, ]t£, `qan°v GXm\pwBbncw h¿jsØ ]g-°-ta-bp≈qF∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ (ss_-_n-fn¬Bsc-s°tbm Aßs\ ]d-™n-´p-s≠∂p Icp-Xn) Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. qan-bpsS Xm]-\n-e-bn¬\n∂v imkv{Xo-b-ambn {]mb-\n¿Wbw \S-Øm≥At±lw Xocp-am-\n-®p. k¶o¿W-ambCu KWn-X-Øns‚ ^ew 1862-˛¬At±lw {]Jym-]n-®p. qan°v \qdp Zi-e£w h¿jw ]g-°-ap-≠v. CXn-\p-ti-jhpw Xs‚ ]e kplr-Øp-°-fn¬\n∂pw e`n-®n-cp∂ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒhni-I-e\w sNbvXv At±lw Xs‚

XnI™ aX-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂ sI¬hn≥,]t£, `qan°v GXm\pwBbncw h¿jsØ ]g-°-ta-bp≈q F∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. `qan-bpsS Xm]-\n-e-bn¬\n∂v imkv{Xo-b-ambn {]mb-\n¿Wbw\S-Øm≥ At±lwXocp-am-\n-®p. k¶o¿W-amb Cu KWn-X-Øns‚^ew 1862- ¬ At±lw{]Jym-]n-®p. `qan°v\qdp Zi-e£w h¿jw]g-°-ap-≠v.

36 am¿®v 2012

KWnXw Xncp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. HmtcmXh-Wbpw `qan-bpsS {]mbw Ipd™ph∂p. HSp-hn¬ At±lw Hcp IW-°n¬AX-h-km-\n-∏n-®p. `qan Ccp-]Xv Zi-e£w h¿jw {]mb-ap≈ {Kl-amWv!

sI¬hns‚ KW\w Hcp auenIk¶-ev]-\-Øn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu{Kl-Øn\v kz¥-amb Hcp Xm]t{kmX- n-√. Bcw-`-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Xm]w Ipd™p hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.AXv BZyw `utam-]-cn-X-e-ØnepwAhn-sS-\n∂v {Ia-Øn¬ Dƒ°m-ºn-te°pw Ipd-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. J\\tPmen-°m¿°v Cu Xm]-hy-Xn-bm\wAdn-bmw. Ch-cn¬\n-s∂ms°bmWvsI¬hn≥ Xm]-\n-e-bpsS G‰-°p-d-®n-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ `qan-bpsS{]mbw Is≠-Øn-b-Xv.

bptd-\n-b-Øns‚Xm] hnIn-c-Ww

sI¬hns‚ auenI k¶-ev]\wsX‰m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]n¬°m-eØvimkv{X -⁄¿ Xncn -® -dn -™p.Um¿hns‚ ac-W-Øn\v 14 h¿j-Øn-\p-ti-jw, 1896-˛¬ sl≥dn s_°-d¬F∂ {^©v `uXnI imkv{X-⁄≥bptd-\n-b-Øns‚ Xm]-hn-In-cWwIs≠Øn Ggp h¿j-Øn-\p-tijwIyqdn Zº-Xn-am¿ tdUn-b-Øns‚ Xm]-hn-In-cW i‡n Ak-μn-Kv[-ambn sXfn-bn-®p. qan°v kz¥-amb Xm] t{kmX- p-≠v.

tdUntbm hnIn-c-W-Øns‚ Is≠-Ø-temsS `qan-bpsS {]mbw e£-ß-f√ tImSn-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ß-fm-sW∂vXncn-®-dn-bm≥ Xmakap≠m-bn-√.

F¶nepw ss__nƒ hnizm-kn-IƒAS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√. 2001 Ah-km\weqkn-bm-\-bn¬ "tdUntbm sa{SnIv Ime-K-W\ t]mep≈ hymP hnh-c-߃'

{]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Kh-s◊‚ns\hne-°p∂ \nbaw ]m m-°n.

]t£, tdUntbm sa{SnIv Ime-K-W\ imkv{X-⁄-cpsS ssIbn¬ Icp-Øp‰ Hcm-bp-[-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]md-a-S-°p-I-fpsS {]mbw AXy¥w kq£va-X-tbmsS KWn-°m≥ Ah¿°m-bn,t^mkn-ep-I-fpsS Ime-L´w KWn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ imkv{X-im-J-bmb "kv{Sm‰n-{Km^n'°v Hcp ]pXnb imkv{X-im-J-bpsS \ne-hm-chpw e`n-®p. Ct∏mƒ`qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L- -߃°v IrXy-amb h¿Ko-I-c-W-ap-≠v.

`qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L-´-ßsfCt∏mƒ bpK-ßfpw Iev]-ß-fp-sam-s°-bm-bn- mWv h¿Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnhn[`ua-im-kv{X-⁄¿ hn`n∂ coXn-bn¬t]cp-Iƒ \¬In-t∏m-∂n-cp∂ Cu h¿Ko-I-cWw Ct∏mƒ Gsd IrXyX ssIh-cn-®n- p-≠v. F¶n¬ AXn-]p-cm-X\ Ime-L-´sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mepwAt\I tImSn h¿j-߃ CXn-epƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xn-\mepw hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn¬ `n∂-X-bp-≠m-Imw. Ct∏mƒGXm≠v AwKo-Ir-X-amb Cu h¿Ko-I-cWw Cßs\ kw{K-ln-°mw.

Ime-L- -ßsf bpKw (Epoch) alm-bpKw (Period) Iev]w (Era) alm-Iev]w(Aeon) F∂n-ßs\ hn`-Pn-°p-∂p.

\mep alm-I-ev]-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.lmUn-b≥ (Hadean) B¿°n-b≥(Archean) t{]m´n-tdm-tkm-bnIv (Protero-zoic) m\ntdmtkmbnIv (Phanerozoic)F∂n-h-bm-W-h.

lmUn-b≥\m\qdp tImSnh¿jw apºp≈ BZn-

a-Im-e-L- -am-Wn-Xv. qan-bpsS DXv]ØnapX¬ (450 tImSn h¿jw) ]md-Iƒcq]-s∏´p hcp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ Ime-L´w.

B¿°n-b≥250 tImSnh¿jw apX¬ ]pd-tIm´v

400 tImSn h¿jw hsc. 385 tImSn-h¿jw apºp-ap-X¬ Xs∂ Pohn-IƒD¤-hn®p Ign-™-Xmbn t\csØkqNn-∏n-®p-h-t√m.

t{]m´n-tdm-tkm-bnIv50 tImSn-h¿jw apX¬ ]pd-tIm´v

250 tImSn-h¿jw hsc t{]m´n-tdm-tkm-bn°pw B¿°n-b\pw Dƒs°m-≈p∂Ime-L- -sØ-bmWv apºv ""{]o -tIw-{_n-b≥'' F∂p ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv.

^m\n-tdm-tkm-bnIv50 tImSn-h¿jw apX¬ ("Imw{_n-

b≥' Bcw-`n-°p∂p) C∂p-h-sc-bp≈Ime-L- -sØ-bmWv m\n-tdm-tkm-bnIvF∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

^m\n-tdm-tkm-bnIv alm-I-ev]sØaq∂p Iev]-ß-fmbn hn -Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.]en-tbm-tkm-bn-Iv, amtkm-tkm-bn-Iv,kotdm-tkm-bnIv F∂n-h-bm-W-h.

]en-tbm-tkm-bnIv (Paleozoic)Cu Iev]sØ tIw{_n -b≥,

Hm¿tUm-hn -jy≥, sskeq-dn -b≥,Unthm-Wn-b≥, Im¿t_m-Wn-s^-d-kv,s]¿an-b≥ F∂o alm-bp-K-ß-fmbnhn -Pn-®n- p-≠v.

aotkm-tkm-bnIv (Mesozoic)CXv {Sbm-knIv, Pqdm-kn-Iv, s{It -

jykv F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p alm-bp-K-ß-fmbpw hn -Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ ""Pqdm-knIv'' Xmc-aq-ey-ap≈XmW-t√m. (""Pqdm-knIv ]m¿°n''eqsS).

s{It‰-jykv alm-bp-K-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Znt\m-k-dp-I-fpsS ]pjv°-e-Im-ew. "Pqdm-knIv ]m¿°v' F∂ Ne-®n{Xw Znt\m-k-dp-Isf kq∏¿Xm-c-ß-fm°n am‰n-b-t∏mƒ A∂sØ G‰hpw

{IpSvsk≥Ão^≥ tP KqƒUvsI¬hn≥

imkv{X-KXn 37

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]cn-Wma imkv{X-⁄≥ Ão^≥ tP KqƒUv Ppdm-knIv]m¿°ns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hmb ssat°¬{InIv‰-tWmSv tNmZn®p ""hmkvX-h-Øn¬Xm¶ƒ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ Znt\m-k-dp-Iƒs{It‰-jykv Ime-L- -sØ-bt√ kqNn-∏n -°p-∂-Xv.'' {InIv‰s‚ adp -]Sn:""kplrtØ, AsX-\n-°-dn-bmw. ]t£CXv kn\n-a-bm-Wv. ChnsS "s{It‰jykv]m¿°v, s{It‰-jykv ]m¿°v' F∂p]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ AXn\v "Ppdm-knIv ]m¿°n's‚ hmWn-Py-aq-ey-ap-≠m-Iptam? am{X-a√ CØ-c-Øn¬ Znt\m-k-dp-Isf \n¿an-s®-Sp-°m-\m-hn-s√∂vAtßbv°pw Adn-bm-a-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v £an-°pI''. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬]WvUn-X≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p tUmIvS¿IqSn-bmb ssat°¬ {InIv‰¨

kot\m-tkm-bnIv (Cenozoic)CXv ]en-tbm-Po≥ (Palaeogene)

\ntbm-Po≥ (Neogene) F∂o c≠palm-bp-K-ß-fmbn hn -Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

]en-tbm-Po≥ alm-bp-K-Ønse bpK-ß-fmWv ]en-tbm-ko≥, Ctbm-ko≥, Hfn-tKm-ko≥ F∂n-h. \ntbm-Po≥ alm-bpKw atbm-ko≥, πntbm-ko≥, πntÃm-ko≥, tlmtfm-ko≥ F∂n-ßs\ bpK-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

tlmtfm-ko≥G‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ bpK-amWv

"tlmtfm-ko≥'. 11,500 h¿jw apºp-≠mb lna-bp-KsØ XpS¿∂p≈ Ime-L- -am-Wn-Xv. kv{Sm‰n-{Km- n-Ãp-I-fpsSAwKo-Im-c-ap≈ h¿Ø-am-\-bp-Kw. \mwPohn-°p∂ bpK-am-Wn-Xv.

""Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥''t\m_¬ tPXm-hmb U®v ck-X-

{¥-⁄≥ t]mƒ {IpSvsk≥ Hcpimkv{X ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿jw 2000. ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ A[y-£≥ \nc-¥cw kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv "tlmtfm-ko≥' bpK-sØ-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp-∂p.

{IqSvsk\v CX{X lnX-I-c-ambntXm∂n-bn-√. ""CsXm-∂-h-km-\n-∏n-°q.''{IqSvsk≥ CS-s∏-´p. ""\man-t∏mƒtlmtfm-ko≥ bpK-Øn-e-√, CXv"Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥' BWv''.

Aev]-t\cw \ni-_vZ-X. XpS¿∂vHcn-S-th-f-bv°p-tijw ktΩ-f\w ]p\-cm-cw- n-®-t∏mƒ N¿® apgp-h≥ Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko-\n-s\-°pdn®mbn.

2002-˛¬ {IpSvsk≥ Xs‚ BibwHcp {]_-‘-ambn "t\®¿' hmcn-I-bn¬{]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. hfsc s]s´-∂p-X-s∂ Cu ]Zw imkv{X-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬{]Nm-c-Øn-em-bn. XpS¿∂p-h∂ ]e

Kth-j-I-cp-sSbpw {]_-‘-ß-fpsSio¿j-I-ß-fn¬ "Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥'CSw ]nSn-®p.

F∂m¬ qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L- -ßsf hnh-cn-°p∂ t]cp-Iƒ°pw Ah-bpsS \n¿h-N-\-߃°p-sams°imkv{X-k-ΩXn t\S-W-sa-¶n¬ Ht´sd\n_-‘-\-I-fp-≠v. Hm¿tUm-hn-jy≥,s{It‰-jy-kv, antkm-tkm-bnIv F∂oIme-L- -߃s°m-s°bpw hy‡-ambt^mkn¬ kqN-\-I-fp-≠v. GsX-¶nepwhn`mKw Pohn-Iƒ°v hwi-\miw h∂-tXm, GsX-¶nepw hwi-߃ Bcw-`n-®tXm Bb kqN-\-Iƒ Ch-bn-ep-≠v.henb AXym-ln-X-߃ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬kw -hn-®Xpw CXn\p Imc-W-am-Ipw.

Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥ bpK-Øn\vAØcw imkv{X-k-Ω-X-amb kqN-\-Iƒ tXSn-bp≈ {ia-ß-fnemWn-t∏mƒimkv{X⁄¿.

a\p-jy≥ \n¿an® \K-c-ßfpw P\-]-Y-ßfpw sI´n-S-ßfpw AXn¬s∏-Sp∂Dcp-°v, tIm¨{Io-‰v, CjvSnI Ch-sbms° i‡-amb kqN-\-I-fm-Wv.F∂m¬ Ch-sbms° F{X-Imew \ne-\n¬°p-sa∂ kwi-b-ap-≠v.

`qan -bnse D]-tbmKtbmKy -ambXn¬ 38 iX-am\w {]tZ-i-ßfpwa\p-jy≥ Irjn-°m-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.AXns‚ Ah-in-jvS-߃ as‰mcp kqN-\-bm-Wv.

s^¿´n-sse-k¿ πm‚p-Iƒ, hymh-km-bnI Irjn D≠m-°n-bn- p≈ ]cmKkar-≤n, Ch-sbm-s°bpw kqN-\-I-fm-hmw. asÆm-en-∏v, h\-\-io-I-c-Ww,A¥-co-£-Øns‚ LS-\-bn¬ h∂n-´p≈ am‰w, ]hn-g-∏p-‰p-I-fpsS \io-I-c-Ww F∂n-ßs\ a\p-jys‚ ap{Z]Xn™ Ht´sd taJ-e-I-fp-≠v. C\n-bn-t∏mƒ F∂mWv Cu "bpKw' Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv F∂-dn-b-W-a-t√m. C°m-cy-Ønepw s]mXp [mc-W-bn-√. 8000h¿jw apX¬ IW-°p-I-fm-cw- n-°p-∂p.

GXm-bmepw International Commis-sion on Stratigraphs (ICS) bpsS ]cn-K-W-\-bnse NqtS-dnb hnjbw Ct∏mƒCXp-X-s∂. A¥na Xocp-am-\-Øn\vICS-\p ]pdta AXns‚ amXr-kw-L-S-\-bmb International Union of GeologicalScience-s‚ thm´p-Ifpw thWw.

Xocp-am-\-Øn\v h¿j-ß-sf-Sp-tØ-°mw. CXns‚ {]mcw` kqN\ \¬Inbt]mƒ {IpSvsk≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv Cut]cns‚ AwKo-Im-c-sØ-°mƒ X\n°pXmXv]cyw Cu Ime-L´w sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ D≠m-°n-h® bmX-\-I-sf-°p-dn-t®m¿°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. ""Cu ]Zw"Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥' Hcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏m-hWw''.

s{It‰-jykv alm-bp-K-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Znt\m-k-dp-I-fpsS ]pjv°-e-Im-ew."Pqdm-knIv ]m¿°v' F∂Ne-®n{Xw Znt\m-k-dp-Isf kq∏¿Xm-c-ß-fm°nam‰n-b-t∏mƒ A∂sØG‰hpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂]cn-Wma imkv{X-⁄≥Ão^≥ tP KqƒUvPpdm-knIv ]m¿°ns‚cN-bn-Xm-hmb ssat°¬{InIv‰-tWmSv tNmZn®p""hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Xm¶ƒNn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ Znt\m-k-dp-Iƒ s{It‰-jykv Ime-L- -sØ-bt√ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.'' {InIv‰s‚ adp-]Sn: ""kplrtØ, AsX-\n-°-dn-bmw. ]t£ CXvkn\n-a-bm-Wv. ChnsS"s{It‰jykv ]m¿°v,s{It‰-jykv ]m¿°v'F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ AXn\v "Ppdm-knIv]m¿°n's‚ hmWn-Py-aq-ey-ap-≠m-Iptam?

38 am¿®v 2012

\nbawAUz. sI.-]n. chn-{]-Imiv

G‰hpw ]pXnb sk≥kkv dnt∏m-¿´p-Iƒ {]Imcw 60 hb- n\p apI-fn¬{]mb-am-b-h-cpsS P\-kw-Jy-m\n-c°vC¥y-bn¬ 6% BWv. tIc-f-Øn¬ CXv12% BWv. C∏-d-™-Xns‚ A¿∞wtIc-f-Øn¬ Zo¿Lm-bp v D≈-h-cpsSFÆw AJn-te¥ym icm-i-cn-bpsS Cc-´n-bm-Wv F∂mW.v tIc-f-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ a\p-jy¿°v Zo¿L-Imew Pohn-°m≥ Ignbp∂p F∂-Xn¬ \ap°v

apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°mbn

Hcp \nb-aw

A`n-am-\n-°mw.- C-Xn\v Iptd Imc-W-߃ D≠v F∂pw \ap°v Adn-bmw.AXv AhnsS Ccn-°-s´. CXn¬ 12%hcp∂ Bfp-I-fpsS {]iv\-߃ {]tXy-In®v FSpØv ]cn-tim-[n®v Ah¿°vth≠ kmaq-ly-t£a Imcy-߃ Dd∏vhcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ct∏mgpw \ap°vIgn™n- n-√. tIcf kaq-l-Øn¬ {]mb-am-b-h-cpsS {]iv\-߃ {]tXyIwFSpØv ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠h Xs∂-

bm-Wv. h¿[n®p hcp∂ \K-c-hXvI-c-Ww, AWp-Ip-Spw_ hyh-ÿ, ]mc-º-cy-aq-ey-Nyp-Xn, I¨kyq-a-dn-kw, ]pXnbXe-ap -d -bpsS C≥Un-hn -Pz -en -kw,]pXnb sXmgn¬ kml-N-cy-߃F∂nh G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ _m[n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv {]mb-am-b-h-scbm-Wv.hb- mIp∂ Ime-L´w a‰p-≈-h-cpsSkvt\lhpw ]cn-N-c-W-hpw- G-‰hpwIqSp-X¬ Bh-iy-amb kabam-Wv.

kz¥w ho´n¬ Bcmcpw Adn-bmsX InS∂v \c-In®v acn-°p-∂-h¿ C∂v hm¿Ø-b-√m-Xmbn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. k\m-YcpsS A\m-YXzw C∂v A[nIw N¿®sNø-s∏-SmØ kmaqly {]iv\-am-Wv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tI{μ-k¿°m¿""amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsSbpw apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cp-sSbpw kwc-£-W-Øn-\pwt£aØn\pap≈ \nbaw˛2007'' ]mkm-°n-b-Xv. 2009¬ Xs∂ tIc-f-k¿°m¿CXn-\m-h-iy-amb N -߃ cq-]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v.

imkv{X-KXn 39

]s£ ta¬ kqNn-∏n® {]iv\-߃aqew {]mb-am-b-h¿°v Bh-iy-ambkvt\lhpw ]cn-N-c-Whpw e`n-°msXAh¿ kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw Ah-K-Wn°s∏´ hn`m-K-ambn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Zo¿L-Imew Ah¿ kaq-l-Øn\pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw \evInbkw`m-h-\-I-fpsS ^e-am-Wv \ΩpsSCt∏m-gsØ sa®-s∏´ PohnX kml-Ncyw F∂pw AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂kmbm-”-Im-eØv Ah¿°v th≠ ]cn-K-W-\bpw kpc-£bpw \evIpIF∂Xv ]n≥XeapdbpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw BWv F∂ apey-t_m[w\ap°v \jvS-s∏- psIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. C-Xn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ BWv ka-Im-eo\ am[y-a -ß-fneqsSbpw a‰pw\nXyhpw \Ωƒ I≠v sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]W tI{μo-Ir-Xamb Hcp kmaq-ly-hy-hÿ \bn®v sIm≠n-cn-°p∂Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ D¬]m-Z-\-£-a-a-√m-Ø-sXm∂pw em`-I-c-a√ AXv \ne-\n¬tI-≠-Xn√ F∂-Xm-Wv {]am-Ww.AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ØnseF√m hyh-lm-c-ßsfbpw \Ωƒ em -Icw F∂ kw⁄-bp-ambn Iq´nbnW-°m≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ip´n-bpsS hnZym-`ymkw apX¬ Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc-bp≈ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw em`m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøm≥\Ωƒ kzbw ]Tn-°p-IbmWv. AXp-sIm≠v apXn¿∂ ]uc\v Ah-cpsSkzbm¿PnX kzØv D≠m-bm¬ t]mepwAhsc kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv X\n°v \jvS-°-®-hSw BIn√ F∂v Dd-∏m-°n-bnt´Ahsc kwc-£n-°m\pw ]cn-N-cn-°m\pw D≈ G¿∏mSv sNøp-I-bp-≈q.

{]mb-am -b -h -cn¬ BtcmKyw£bn®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsS ]e Bh-iy-߃°pw ]c-k-lmbw Bh-iy-ambnhcp-∂p. CtXmsS Ah-K-W\ IqSn IqSnhcp∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. IpSpw-_-Ønse Ah-K-W\, s]mXpCS-ß-fnseAh-K-W\, bm{X-°n-S-bnse Ah-K-W\, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse Ah-K-W\XpSßn \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kakvXafi-e-ß-fnepw Cu hn`mKw hnhn-[-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Ah-K-W-\-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂Xv \ΩpsS \nXy-Im-gvN-bm-Wv. {]mb-ap-≈-h¿ am{Xw Xma-kn-°p-∂ hoSp-Ifpw H‰bv°v Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS hoSp-Ifpw h¿[n®v sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.Bcmcpw t\m°m-\n-√msX t£{X ]cn-k-c-ß-fnepw ]oSn-I-Øn-Æ-bnepwInS∂ acn-°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. kz¥w ho´n¬Bcmcpw Adn-bmsX InS∂v \c-In®vacn-°p-∂-h¿ C∂v hm¿Ø-b-√m-Xmbnamdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. k\m-YcpsS

A\m-YXzw C∂v A[nIw N¿® sNø-s∏-SmØ kmaqly {]iv\-am-Wv. Cukml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tI{μ-k¿°m¿""amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsSbpw apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m -cp -sSbpw kwc -£-W-Øn -\pwt£aØn\pap≈ \nbaw˛2007'' ]mkm-°n-b-Xv. 2009¬ Xs∂ tIc-f-k¿°m¿CXn-\m-h-iy-amb N -߃ cq-]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v.

cmPysØ apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°vBh-iy-amb t£ahpw kpc-£bpw Dd-∏v h-cp-ØpI F∂Xv kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬\nbaw D≠m-bn- n-s√-¶n¬ IqSn apXn¿∂]uc-∑m-cpsS kzØn\v Ah-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-∂-h-cp -sS DØ-c-hm-Zn -ØamWvapXn¿∂- ]uc∑msc kwc-£n-°pIF∂-Xv. a°-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWvamX]n-Xm°sf kwc-£n-°pI F∂Xv.CXv Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb _m[y-X-bm°nam‰p-I-bmWv ]pXnb \n-b-aw sNbvXn-´p≈-Xv.

\nb-a-Ønse {]-[m-\-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ C{]-Im-c-am-Wv:

1. ]p{X-t‚tbm, ]p{Xn-bp-tStbmAh¿ Pohn-®n-cn-∏n√ F¶n¬ {]mb-]q¿Ønbmb ]u{X-t‚tbm ]u{Xn-bp-tStbm DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv amXm-]n-Xm-°sf kwc-£n-°pI F∂-Xv. AXm-bXvapØ-—-t‚bpw apØ-»n-bp-tSbpw kwc-£Ww hsc -\n-baw Dd-∏m-°n-bn- p-≠v.

2. Hcp apXn¿∂ ]uc\v a°tfmt]c-°n-Sm-ßtfm C√ F¶n¬ apXn¿∂

{]mb-am-b-h-cn¬BtcmKyw £bn®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsS ]e Bh-iy-߃°pw ]c-k-lmbw Bh-iy-ambnhcp-∂p. CtXmsS Ah-K-W\ IqSn IqSn hcp∂pF∂-XmWv kXyw. IpSpw-_-Ønse Ah-K-W\,s]mXpCS-ß-fnse Ah-K-W\, bm{X-°n-S-bnseAh-K-W\, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse Ah-K-W\ XpSßn\nXy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚kakvX afi-e-ß-fnepwCu hn`mKw hnhn-[-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Ah-K-W-\-Iƒt\cn-Sp-∂Xv \ΩpsS\nXy-Im-gvN-bm-Wv. {]mb-ap-≈-h¿ am{Xw Xma-kn-°p-∂ hoSp-IfpwH‰bv°v Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS hoSp-Ifpw h¿[n®vsIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

40 am¿®v 2012

]ucs‚ kzØv h∂p tNcp-∂-h-cpsSDØ-c-hm-Zn-ØamWv apXn¿∂ ]ucs\kwc-£n-°pI F∂-Xv.

3. \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂Xn\mbn B-hiyamb sabn‚-\≥kv ss{S_yq-W-ep-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. kwÿm-\sØ k_vUn-hn-j-W¬Hm^okdpsS ]Z-hn-tb-°mƒ Xmsg-b√mØ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ≥ ss{S_yq-W-ens‚ B≤y£yw hln-°-Ww.ss{S_yq-W-en\v Hcp knhn¬ tImS-XnbpsS F√m A[n-Im-c-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

4. amXm-hn -t\m, ]nXm-hn -t\m,apXn¿∂ ]uct\m B¿°mWv kwc-£Ww Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ Ah-¿t°m,

Ah¿ A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ hy‡n-t°m, k∂≤ kwLS\t°m, ss{S_yq-W-en\v kzta-[bm Xs∂tbm kwc-£-W-Øn-\p≈ At]£ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. At]£ e`n®v 90 Znh-k-Øn-\Iwss{S_yq-W-¬ Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈-Ww.

5. At]£ e`n®v Ign-™m¬ss{S_yq-W¬ Hcp I¨kn-en-tbj≥Hm^o-ksd \nb-an®v Hcp amkØn-\p-≈n¬ Abm-fpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ kzo-Icn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv HcpI¨kn- en-tb-j≥ Hm^o-k-sd-s°m≠vXs∂ {]iv\w kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn HØp-Xocpw F¶n¬ B HØpXo¿∏vhyhÿ Xs∂ ss{S_yq-W-en\v DØ-

c-hm°n \evIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

6. DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-s∏-´-h¿ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tftbm apXn¿∂ ]uc-t\tbmkwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Dt]£ hcp-Øp-Itbm \nc-kn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-®n- p≈\n›nX {]Xn-amk XpI \evIp-∂-Xn\vth≠n _‘s∏- -h-tcmSv DØ-c-hn-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu XpI ]c-am-h[n ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]-bn¬ Ihn-bm≥]mSn-√. ss{S_yq-W¬ sX‰n-≤-cn∏n-°-s∏´p F∂v tXm∂n -bm¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ DØ-c-hn¬ Bh-iy-ambam‰-߃ hcpØn ]p\¿ DØ-chvCSm\pw ss{S_yqWen\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

7. apXn¿∂ ]uc-\n¬ \nt∂m,amXm-]n-Xm-°fn¬ \nt∂m bmsXmcphn[-Øn-ep≈ tImS-Xn- sN-ehpwss{S_yq-W¬ CuSm-°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.-

8. ss{S_yq-W-en\v taep≈ A∏o-ep-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn\v Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw Hcp A∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W¬D≠mbncn-°pw. Pn√m-a-Pn-kvt{S-‰ns‚ ]Z-hn-°p-Xm-sg-b-√mØ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ≥BWv A∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W-ens‚B[y£yw hln-t°-≠-Xv. A∏o¬Adp-]Xv ZnhkØn-\Iw \evtI≠XpwA∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W-ens‚ hn[n A¥n-ahp-am-bn-cn-°pw.

9. Cu \nb-a -Øns‚ as‰mcp{][m\ {]tXy-IX ss{S_yq-Wen\vap≥]m-sItbm A-∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W-en\v ap≥]m-sItbm I£n-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS k¶-S-߃ t\cn´v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ømw F∂Xm-Wv. Hcp A`n- m-j-I\pwXs‚ I£n-°p-th≠n ss{S_yq-W-ep-Iƒ apºmsI lmP-cm-Im≥ Ign-bn-√.AXm-bXv bmsXmcphn[ otkm Nqj-Wtam IqSmsX, \oXn-\n-tj-[n-°-s∏- -h¿°v ]q¿W-kw-c-£Ww Dd-∏m-°pIF∂-XmWv \nb-a-Øns‚ e£yw.

Poh-\mwiw Bh-iys∏Sp∂-h-cpsSASn-ÿm\ Bh-iy-߃°v th≠n-h-cp-∂ XpI, FXn¿I£n-bpsS hcp-am-\w, At]-£-Is‚ kzØpw AXn¬-\n∂v In´p∂ hcp-am\hpw F∂nh-sbms° ]cn-KWn®psIm-≠p≈ ]c-am-h[n Poh-\mwi XpI-bmWv ss{S_yq-W¬ hn[n-°p-I.

10. Pn√m kmaqly-t£a DtZym-K-ÿ-t\-tbm, Pn√m kmaq-ly-t£aDtZym-K-ÿs‚ ]Z-hn°v Xmsg-b-√mØHcp DtZym-K-ÿ-t\tbm sabv‚-\≥kvHm^o-k-dmbn Pn√m--Xe-Øn¬ \n¿t±in-°-s∏-S-Ww. Cbmƒ°v amXmhnt\m]nXmhnt\m apXn¿∂ ]uct\m th≠nss{S_yq-W-entem A∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-

apXn¿∂ ]ucs\ kwc-£n®v sIm≠ncn-°p∂hy‡n ap-Xn¿∂ ]ucs\ Dt]-£n-°pI F∂ e£y-tØmsS GsX-¶nepw ÿeØv apXn-¿∂ ]ucs\hn´n´v t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpwaq∂v h¿j-°mew hsc XS-hn\pw in£n°m-hp∂Ip‰-am°n IW°m-°p-∂XmWv.

imkv{X-KXn 41

W-entem {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

11. Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw Bh-iy-am-b{X hr≤k-Z-\-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v \nbaw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p.

12. kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ ]q¿W-amtbm mKn-I-amtbm apX¬ap-S-°p∂Bip-]- {Xn -I -fn¬ {]tXyI IyqkuIcyw, hr≤-]-cn-N-c-W-Øn-\p≈kuI-cy-߃, {]tXyI Kth-jW{]h¿Ø-\-߃ F∂n-hbv°v kuI-cy-߃ Hcp-°-Ww.

13. \n-b-asØ°pdn-®p≈ hn]p-e-amb t_m[-h-XvI-c-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw, k¿°m¿Xe ]cn-io-e-\-ßfpw\S-°-Ww. apXn¿∂ ]u-c-∑m-cpsSt£a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v hnhn[k¿°m¿ hIp -∏p -Iƒ \S-Øp∂{]h¿Ø-\-߃ XΩn¬ GtIm-]\wD≠m-°-Ww.

14. apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS kzØvssI°-em°n Ah¿°v Bh-iy-ambkwc-£Ww \evImØ ]£w AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ssIam‰w Akm-[p-hm-°m\pw ss{S_yq-W-en\v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

15. apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS Poh\pwkzØn\pw kwc-£Ww \evIp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hym]-I-amb I¿Ω ]≤Xnk¿°m¿ \n›-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

16. apXn¿∂ ]ucs\ kwc-£n®vsIm≠ncn-°p∂ hy‡n ap-Xn¿∂]ucs\ Dt]-£n-°pI F∂ e£y-tØmsS GsX-¶nepw ÿeØv apXn-¿∂ ]ucs\ hn´n´v t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw aq∂vh¿j-°mew hsc XS-hn\pw in£n°m-hp∂ Ip‰-am°n IW°m-°p-∂XmWv.

tIc-f-k¿°m¿ ]pds∏-Sp-hn-®n- p≈amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfbpw, apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cptSbpw kwc-£-Whpw t£ahpw N -ß-fn¬ Ht´sd \n¿t±-i-߃ ap-t∂m vh®n- p-≠v.

Pn√m aPn-kvt{S-‰ns‚ /If-IvS-dpsS I¿Ø-hy-ßfpwA[n-Im-c-ßfpw

1. Pn√-bnse apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsSPoh\pw kzØpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw kpc£nXXz-tØm-sSbpw A¥-t m-sSbpw Pohn°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-bp-∂p-s≠∂pw {]m]vX-cm-sW∂pw Dd-∏p-hcp-ØpI.

2. kwc-£-W-Øn-\p th≠nbp≈At]£ X°-k-a-bØv kap-Nn-X-ambnXo¿∏vI-ev]n-°p-∂Xpw ss{S_yq-W-ens‚ DØc-hp-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂Xpw Dd-∏m-°pI F∂ ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS Pn√-bnse sabn‚-\≥kv ss{S_yq-W-ep-I-fp-tSbpw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v ta¬t\m´w

\SØm\pw kq£va ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

3. Cu N´-ß-fnepw kwÿm\k¿°m-cns‚ as‰-s¥-¶nepw am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ß-fnepw DØ-c-hp-I-fnepw\evIn-bn-cn-°p∂ am\-Z-WvU-߃Ah¿ ]men-°p-∂p-sh∂v Dd∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v Pn√-bnse hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-fpsS{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ta¬t\m´w \S-Øm\pw kq£-va-]-cn -tim-[\ \S-Øm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

4. BIv‰nse hyh-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw,apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS t£aØn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ tI{μ-k¿°mcp-I-fp-sSbpwkwÿm-\-k¿°m-cp-I-fp-sSbpw ]≤-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw {Ia-ambpw hn]p-e-am-bp-ap≈{]N-cWw Dd-∏m-°m\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

5. ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-Iƒ s\lvdp bph-tI-{μ-߃, hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]--\-߃, {]tXyI-n®v Ah-cpsS \mj-W¬ k¿hokv kvIow bqWn-‰p -Iƒ, kwL-S -\-Iƒ, Pn√-bn¬{]h¿Øn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-I¿, hnZ-K v≤¿, {]K-¤¿ Xp -S -ßn -b -hsct{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS hn- -h-ti-jnbpwDZy-a-ßfpw Pn√-bnse apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS t£a-Øn-\p-th≠n ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

6. {]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßfpw a‰v ASn-b-¥n-cm-h-ÿ-Ifpw D≠m-bm¬, aqXn¿∂]uc-∑m¿°v X°-ka-b-Øp≈ klm-bhpw ]cn-lm-chpw Dd-∏m-°m\pap≈DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

\nb-a-Øns‚ as‰mcp{][m\ {]tXy-IXss{S_yq-Wen\v ap≥]m-sItbm A-∏-e‰vss{S_yq-W-en\v ap≥]m-sItbm I£n-Iƒ°vAh-cpsS k¶-S-߃t\cn´v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-ØmwF∂Xm-Wv. Hcp A`n- m-j-I\pw Xs‚ I£n-°p-th≠n ss{S_yq-W-ep-Iƒ apºmsI lmP-cm-Im≥ Ign-bn-√. AXm-bXvbmsXmcphn[ ^otkmNqj-Wtam IqSmsX,\oXn-\n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´-h¿°v ]q¿W-kw-c-£Ww Dd-∏m-°pI F∂-XmWv \nb-a-Øns‚e£yw

42 am¿®v 2012

hiØpw t]meokpw Pn√m`c-W-Iq-Shpw adp-h-iØpambp≈ \nc-¥-c-k-º¿°w Dd-∏m-°p∂ Ht∂m AXn¬°q-

Sp-Xtem k∂-≤-tk-h-I-cpsS IΩn-‰n-(Iƒ) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pwth≠n cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠-XmWv;

5. Pn√m kq{]≠v Hm v t]meotkm,t]meokv IΩo-j-W-tdm, AXXp kwK-Xn-t]m-se, am[ya-ß-fnepw t]meokv

tÃj-\p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw {Ia-amb CS-th-f-I-fn¬, apXn¿∂ ]u¿am-cpsS Poh\pwkzØn\pw kwc-£Ww \evIm≥th-

≠n- FSp-°p∂ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]cs° {]-kn-≤o-I-cnt°≠XmWv;

6. apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿s°-XnscsNbvX Ip‰ IrXy-ßtfmSp _‘-s∏´

F√m {][m-\-s∏´ hnh-c-ßfpw AS-ßp∂ Hcp {]tXyI cPn-ÿ, DØ-c-hp-hgn kwÿm-\-k¿°m¿ ]d-bp∂

cq]-Øn¬, Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pwImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠-XmWv;

7. (6)˛mw JWvU-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in®cPn-ÿ s]mXp ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v e`y-

am-°m≥ kq£n-®p-h-bvt°≠Xpw Hcpt]meokv tÃj-\n¬ ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øp∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥, cPn-Ãdn¬ {]Xn-

- en-°p∂ ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ ÿnc-ambnAh-tem-I\w sNtø-≠-Xp-amWv;

8. Hmtcm amk-Øn-t‚bpw ]ØmwZnh-kw, t]meokv tÃj≥ Ip‰-ß-fpsS

Hcp {]Xn-amk dnt∏m¿ v Pn√m kq{]≠v

7. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amcpsS t£a-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fn-sebpw Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\ß-fn-sebpwDtZym-K-ÿ≥am-¿°v Aß-s\-bp≈]uc-≥am-cpsS Bh-iy-߃°pwc≠matØXnep≈ DtZym-K-ÿ≥am-cpsS I¿Øhy-sØ-°p-dn®pw Imem-Im-e-ß-fn-ep≈ t_m[-hXvI-cWw Dd-∏m-°m\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

8. t]meokv IΩo-j-W-dp≈ \K-c-߃ Hgn-sI-bp≈ Pn√-bn-se, apXn¿∂]uc≥amtcmSp _‘-s∏´ tIkp-I-fpsS At\z-j-W-Øn-t‚bpw hn-Nm-c-W-bp-sSbpw ]ptcm-KXn Ah-tem-I\wsNøm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

9. ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ, t]mtÃm- o-kp-Iƒ, tªm°vsUh-e-]vsa‚ v Hm^o-kq-Iƒ, Xl-kn¬ Hm^o-kp-Iƒ, If-IvS-td‰v, t]meokv tÃj-\p-Iƒ F∂nht]mep≈, ]uc≥amtcmSv s]mXp-k-º¿°-ap≈ Hm^o-kp-I-fn¬ kwc-£WØn\pth-≠n-bp≈ \n¿±njvSAt]-£m-t^m-d-߃ th≠{X FÆwDd-∏m-°m\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

10. Pn√m Bÿm-\Øv apXn¿∂]uc≥am¿°p-th≠n ka¿∏n-X-ambsl¬∏v sse\p-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p∂-Xn\vt{]m’m-ln∏n-°m\pw AXn\v XpS-°an-Sm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw.

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amcpsS Poh-s‚bpw kzØn-s‚bpw kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn {]-tXyI {]h¿Ø\ ]≤Xn N -Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-p≠v. Ah C{]-Im-c-amWv:

1. Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pwAXns‚ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ Pohn°p∂apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS, {]tXy-In®vX\nsb (AXm-b-Xv, Ah-cpsS ho´nseapXn¿∂ ]uc-\-√mØ GsX-¶nepwAwK-sØ-°q-SmsX) Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpsSG‰hpw ]pXnb enÃv ImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv;

2. t]meokv tÃjs‚ Hcp {]Xn-\n[n, Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØm-fw, Hcp kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-I-s‚-tbm, k∂-≤-tk-h-I-s‚tbm IqsS, {Ia-am-bp≈ CS-th-f-I-fn¬, Ipd-™Xv amkØn¬ Hcn-°-se¶nepw Aß-s\-bp≈ apXn¿∂]uc≥amsc, kμ¿in-t°-≠Xpw, AXn-\pw-]p-d-ta, Ahcn¬\n-∂p≈ klm-b-Øn-\m-bp≈ At]£ kzoI-cn®vIgnbp-∂{X s]´∂v Ahsc kμ¿in-t°-≠-XpamWv;

3. apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m-cpsS ]cm-Xn-Iƒ/ {]iv\-߃ {]mtZ-inI t]meokvDS-\Sn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-amWv;

4. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿, {]tXy-In®vXs∂-Øm≥ Pohn -°p--∂-h¿ Hcp

Hmtcm t]meokvtÃj\pw AXns‚ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ Pohn°p∂apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS,{]tXy-In®v X\nsbPohn-°p-∂-h-cpsSG‰hpw ]pXnb enÃvImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv; t]meokv tÃjs‚Hcp {]Xn-\n[n, Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØm-fw, Hcp kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-I-s‚-tbm, k∂-≤-tk-h-I-s‚tbm IqsS,{Ia-am-bp≈ CS-th-f-I-fn¬, Ipd-™XvamkØn¬ Hcn-°-se¶nepw Aß-s\-bp≈apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amsc,kμ¿in-t°-≠Xpw, AXn-\pw-]p-d-ta, Ahcn¬\n-∂p≈ klm-b-Øn-\m-bp≈ At]£ kzoI-cn®v Ignbp-∂{X s]´∂vAhsc kμ¿in-t°-≠-XpamWv;

imkv{X-KXn 43

Hm^v t]meo-knt\m/ t]meokv IΩo-j-W¿t°m \evtI-≠-XmWv;

9. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿ Xß-fpsSkpc-£-bv°p-th≠n A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xmb sNøm-hp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw sNøm≥]mSn-√m-Ø-Xn-s‚bpw enÃv ]cs°{]N-cn-∏n-t°-≠-XmWv;

10. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°p-th≠ntPmen sNøp∂ ho´p-th-e-°m-cp-sSbpwa‰p-≈-h-cp-sSbpw ]q¿Δ-hr-Øm-¥-߃,Aß-s\-bp≈ ]uc≥am-cpsS A`y¿-∞-\-bn≥ta¬, Xma-kw-Iq-SmsX ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-XmWv;

11. Ab¬]-°Øv Xma-kn-°p∂]uc≥am-tcmSpw dkn-U‚ vkv sh¬s -b¿ Atkm-kn-tb-j-\p-I-tfmSpw bph-k-∂-≤-tk-h-I-tcmSpw k¿°m-tc-XckwL-S-\-I-tfmSpw a‰pw tN¿∂v,apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°p-th≠n P\-ssa{Xn t]meokv kwhn-[m\w \S-tØ-≠-XmWv;

12. Ign-™-amkw apXn¿∂ ]uc≥-am¿s°-Xnsc \S∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw cPn-ÿ sNbvX Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sSbpw t{]mkn-Iyq-j\pw At\zj-W-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw B amk-Øn¬ ssI-s°m≠ {]Xn-tcm-[-\-S-]SnIfpw Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ Hcp {]Xn-amk dnt∏m¿ v, Hmtcmamk-sØbpw 20-˛mw XobXn Pn√mkq{]≠v Hm v t]meokv/ t]meokvIΩo-j-W¿ Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬ Hm vt]meo-kn\pw Pn√m-a-Pn-kvt{S-‰n\pwka¿∏n-t°-≠-XmWv; \nb-aØns‚bpwN -ß-fp-sSbpw e-{]-Z-amb \S-Øn∏vDd∏v hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn kmaqlyt£a-h-Ip∏v a{¥n A[y-£-\mbkwÿm\ Iu¨knepw, kwÿm\k¿°m¿ \ma-\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ Pn√Iu¨knepw cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v{]tXyI \n¿t±-i-߃ D≠v.

\nb-a-Ønse 19- mw hIp∏v {]Imcwÿm]n-°p∂ AK-Xn-a-μn-c-߃°vD≠m-tI≠ `uXnI kml-N-cy-ßsfkw_-‘n®v N´-߃ hfsc hy‡-ambn Xs∂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v.

1. ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw{]tXyIw apdn-Iƒ/ InS-∏-d-Iƒ AS-ßnb ]m¿∏n-Sw.

2. Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ ip≤-Pe e`y-X.

3. ssh-ZypX ^m\pw, NqSm-°m-\pap≈ kuI-cy-߃.

4. tÃmtdm-Sp-Iq-Snb ASp-°-f-]p-c,Hm^o-kpw, ssU\nßv lmfpw.

5. Ah-i -cm -b -h¿°v ]‰nbtSmbve‰pIfpƒ∏sS Bh-iy-Øn\vtSmb-ve‰pw Ipfn-ap-dn-Ifpw

6. hnt\mZ kuI-cy-ßfpw sSen-hn-j-\pw ]{X-ß-fpw B\p-Im-en-I-

ßfpw {KŸ tiJ-c-hpw.

7. {]Ya ip{iq-j-°m-bp-f-f CS-ßfpwBtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ kuI-cy-ßfpw.

8. t]mjI KpW-ap≈Xpw BtcmKyZmb-Ihp-amb £-W-Øns‚ hnX-c-Ww.

9. aXn-bmb hkv{Xhpw en\\pw

10. ipNo-I-c-W-Øn\pw BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb hm®v& hm¿Uv a‰v kwhn-[m\-ßfpw

Npcp-°-Øn¬ \nbaw \√-\n-e-bn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-I-bmWv F¶n¬apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS kmaq-ly-t£acwKØv Hcp tIcf tamU¬ Xs∂\ap°v krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw \nb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-an-X-Ifpw \Ωƒ ImWm-Xn-cp∂p IqSm.H∂m-aXv Cu \nbaw kaq-l-ØnseAK-Xn-I-fmb apgp-h≥ apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-scbpw kwc-£n-t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw tÉn\v D≠v F∂v ka¿∞n-

°p-∂n-√. Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc kzbm¿PnXkzØv D≈-h¿°v am{X-amWv ]q¿W-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ kwc-£-Whpw Poh-\mw-ihpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿°vAKXn aμn-c-߃ D≠m-Ip∂ apd°vAhn-SsØ kuI-cy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ap≥K-W\ {Ia-Øn¬ am{X-amWv AUvan-j≥ e`n-°p-I. CXm-\-h-iy-amb ≠v a‰p-Im-cy-߃ F∂o-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ \nb-ahpw N´hpw \ni-_vZX]men-°p-I-bm-Wv.

IpSpw -_-Øn -\p -≈n¬ Xs∂apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈Ah-K-W-\-Ifpw t\cn-Sp-∂p-≠v F∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈Ah-K-W-\-Isf ]cn-tim-[n®v apXn¿∂]uc-∑m¿°v F√m hn[-Øn-ep≈t£ahpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw D≠mhpIF∂ Bh-iy -tØbpw \nbawbmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n√.

tabv‚\≥kv Hm^o-k¿am¿°v IqSp-X¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw A[n-Im-c-ßfpw

Ign-™-amkw apXn¿∂ ]uc≥-am¿s°-Xnsc \S∂Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw cPn-ÿ sNbvX Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sSbpw t{]mkn-Iyq-j\pw At\zj-W-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw B amk-Øn¬ ssI-s°m≠ {]Xn-tcm-[-\-S-]SnIfpw Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ Hcp {]Xn-amk dnt∏m¿´v,Hmtcm amk-sØbpw 20- mw XobXn Pn√m kq{]≠vHm^v t]meokv/ t]meokv IΩo-j-W¿ Ub-d-IvS¿P\-d¬ Hm^v t]meo-kn\pw Pn√m-a-Pn-kvt{S-‰n\pwka¿∏n-t°-≠-XmWv;

44 am¿®v 2012

\evIn. apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS {]iv\-ß-fn¬ CS-s] v \S]Sn-Iƒ ssIs°m-≈m-\m-h-iy-amb hIp-∏p-Iƒ \nb-a-Øn¬ FgpXn -t®-¿t°≠-Xp -≠v.F∂mte \nbaw ka-{K-am-Iq. \nb-ahpw N´hpw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂n´vIpd®p Ime-am-sb-¶n¬ IqSn \nbaw

STATEMENT ABOUT OWNERSHIP AND OTHERPARTICULARS OF THE SASTHRAGATHI MONTHLY (MALAYALAM)

Form IV

1. Place of Publication : Kozhikode2. Periodicity of Publication : Monthly3. Printer’s Name : T.P. Sreesankar

Nationality : IndianAddress : Parishad Bhavan, Kozhikode - 673002

4. Publisher’s Name : T.P. Sreesankar5. Editor’s Name : R.V.G. Menon

Nationality : IndianAddress : Parishad Bhavan, Kozhikode-673002

6. Name & Address of individuals : Kerala Sasthrasahithyawho own the Newspaper or Parishad,share holders holding more Kozhikode - 673002than 1% of the total capital

I, V.Vinod hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Kozhikode Sd/-15/02/2012 T.P. Sreesankar

\S-∏n-em°n P\-߃°v A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip∂ Ahÿ Ct∏mgpw D≠m-bn-´n-√. kwÿm\ Iu¨knepw Pn√mIΩ-‰n -I-fpw \ne-hn¬ h∂n-´n -√.ss{S_yqWepI-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw th≠{XipjvIm¥n D≠m-bn- n-√. AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ \nb-aØn¬ Xs∂ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf\nbaw kw_‘n®v Adn-hp-≈-h-cm°nam‰p∂ {]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpwk¿°m¿ CXp-hsc XpS-ßn-bn- n-√.

IpSpw_ß-fn-ep-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw AK-Xn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw {]tXy-I-\bhpw CS-s]-SepIfpw D≠mbn htc-≠-Xp-≠v.kwÿm-\-Iu¨kn-en-t‚bpw Pn√mIΩ-‰nIƒ°pw {]h¿Ø\w Imcy-£-a-amIm≥ \ne-hn-ep≈ \nbaw ka-{K-ambn \S-∏n-em-°m\pw t]mcm-bva-Iƒ]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb k¿°m¿DØ-c-hp-I-fn-eqsSbpw Bh-iy-amb \nb-a-\n¿am-Wßfn-eq-sSbpw \nb-asØi‡-amb Hcp kmaq-ly-t£-a-]-≤-Xn-bm°n am‰m≥ Ign-bpw. {]mb-amb AK-Xn-Iƒ sXcp-hn¬ acn°p∂Xpw ]pgpAcn-°p-∂Xpw, Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂Xpw, B{I-an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw, s]mXp-C-S-ß-fn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XpwC∂v h¿Ø-am-\-]-{X-ß-fnse km[m-cW hm¿Ø-bm-Wv. C\nbpw Cu taJ-ebv°v th≠{X {i≤bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw \evIp-∂n√ F¶n¬ CXv hm¿Ø-Iƒ t]mep-a-√m-Xm-Ipw. AXp-sIm≠vXs∂ Ct∏mƒ D≠m-bn-´p≈ Cu\nbaw IqSp-X¬ {]N-cn-∏n-t°-≠Xpw\∂mbn \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ {ian-t°-≠Xpw Hcp kmaq-ly- DØ-c-hm-Zn-ØamWv.

imkv{X-KXn 45

imkv{XwtUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

bqtdm∏nse

a[yImeL´w

tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\ms‚ "imkv{X-km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS Ncn{Xw'F∂ ]pkvXIØnse Ggmw A[ym-bØns‚ XpS¿®

]pXnb XpS°wbqtdm]y≥ Ncn{XsØ∏‰nbp≈

]cºcmKX hymJym\w tdmam \Kc-Øns‚ ]X\tØmsS KXIme{]uVn F√mw AkvXan®p F∂pw]ns∂ ]Xn\memw \q‰m≠nse \thm-∞m\w hscbpw Hcp Ccp≠ Ime-L´w Bbncp∂p F∂pamWv. F∂m¬CXv ]q¿Wambpw icnb√. s]mXpthkzX{¥ Nn¥sb \ncp’mls∏Sp-Øp∂, A\pkcWsbbpw Bib-ßsf tNmZyw sNømsX kzoIcn-°p∂Xns\bpw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂,thdn´p≈ Nn¥Isf ASn®a¿Øp∂,

PohnXØns‚ kIe taJeIsfbpwkwLSnX aXw IogS°p∂, A¥-co£w BWv- bqtdm∏n¬ D≠mbncp∂-sX-¶nepw kzX{¥ Nn¥bpsS kv pc-W߃ AhnShnsS \ap°v ImWm≥Ignbpw. Nne \S]SnIƒ aX {]Nmc-W-Øn\v Bbn´mWv Dt±in®sX¶nepwAhbpsS A{]Xo£nX A\¥c-^e߃ aXØns‚ tIm´Isf Xs∂]n∂oSv Zp¿_es∏SpØp∂Xpw Im-Wmw. CØcw BLmX߃ {ItaWCu´w IqSn hcp∂Xpw HSphn¬XS™p \n¿Øm≥ hømØ Hcp alm-{]hmlw Bbn amdp∂Xpw Ncn{Xw

NnIbptºmƒ \ap°v Xncn®dnbmw.AØcw Nne Zr„m¥ßƒ BWv-ChnsS {]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv.

F´mw \q‰m≠n¬ hnip≤ tdmamkm{amPyØns‚ N{Ih¿Ønbm-bn-Øo¿∂ Nm¿fnsabn≥ (alm\mbNmƒkv) hn⁄m\Øns‚ {]m[m\ywa\ nem°n. {In. ]n. 787 -¬ At±lwcmPysØ F√m k\ymkn aTßfpwHmtcm ]≈n°qSw XpSßWw F∂v-B⁄m]n®p. ]Ømw \q‰m≠n¬Ing°≥ tdmam km{amPyØns‚N{Ih¿Ønam¿ Bbncp∂ entbmBdma\pw tIm¨Ãss‚≥ Fgma\pw

46 am¿®v 2012

tPymXn»mkv{XØn¬ XmXv]cywImWn®p. ]t£ CØcw kwKXnIƒH∂pw Xmsg X´nep≈ FgpØpwhmb\bpw Adnbmhp∂h-cntebv°p-t]mepw FØnbn√.

hn⁄m\Øns‚ cmPIob c£m-[n-ImcnIfn¬ G‰hpw h¿Wm`bm¿∂hy‡nXzw kzbw Hcp imkv{X⁄≥IqSn Bbncp∂ hnip≤ tdmamkm{amPy N{Ih¿Øn s{^UdnIvc≠ma≥ (1194-˛1250) Bbncp∂p.]fin-X\pw Ihnbpw cmPyX{¥-⁄\pw tbm≤mhpw imkv{X⁄\pwBbncp∂ At±lsØ `qtemIhnkvabw (Stupor Mundi) F∂mWvNne¿ hntijn∏n®n´p≈Xv. tPymXn-»mkv{XØn¬ \njvWmX\mbncp∂At±lØns‚ k`bn¬ ]e tPymXn-»mkv{X ]finX∑mcpw ]XnhmbnFØnbncp∂p. At±lw blqZ ]fin-Xsc hcpØn {Ko°v, Ad_n `mjI-fn¬ \n∂v- {KŸßƒ t\cn´p eØo\n-te°v X¿Pa sNøn®p. bp‡n°v \nc-°mØ ]e BNmcßfpw \ntcm[n®p.DZmlcWambn kXyw sXfnbn°m≥A¶w \SØp∂Xv At±lw \n¿Øem-°n. kXyw BcpsS `mKØmbmepwIgnhv IqSnb t]mcmfn As√ hnP-bn°q? sshZy∑m¿ kzbw acp∂v D≠m-°ns°mSp°p∂Xv icnbs√∂pw AXvhymPsshZy∑mcpsS NqjW-Øn\vhgnsXfn°pw F∂v- At±lw Xocpam-\n®p. Aßs\ m¿aknÃv F∂ Hcp]pXnb s{]m^j≥ D≠mbn.[10]

At±lw kwLSn∏n® Hcp KWnX Sq¿-W-sa‚ v hfsc {]kn≤amWv. hfscITn\amb Hcp tNmZy t]∏¿ F√mh-¿°pw hnXcWw sNbvXp. AXn¬ HcptNmZyw x, x2+5,x2-5 F∂nhsb√mw]q¿Wh¿K߃ (squares) BbkwJy Is≠ØpI F∂Xmbncp∂p.]nkbnse entbm\m¿tUmbv°vam{Xta Cu tNmZy߃°v DØcwIs≠Øm≥ Ign™p≈pht{X.

bqtdm∏nse k¿hIemimeIƒ\nehn¬ hcp∂ Imew Bbncp∂pAXv. G‰hpw BZytØXv ]mcnkn¬Bbncp∂p (1200). XpS¿∂v HmIvkv-t^m¿Upw (1214) tIw{_nPpw (1231).s{^UdnIv kzbw cs≠Æw ÿm-]n®p : ]mZphbpw (1222) t\∏nƒkpw(1224).

hn⁄m\hpw k\ymknaTßfpw

{^m≥knkvI≥, sUman\n°≥F∂o k\ymkn aTßfpw C°me-ØmWv ÿm]nXambXv (1209 epw 1215epw). c≠pw aX{]NcWm¿∞w BWv-Bcw`n®Xv F¶nepw \mSp apgph≥A‘hnizmkßfpw A\mNmcßfpwsIm≠v IepjamIbm¬ e{]Zambs]mXp hnZym`ymkw IqSmsX P\-ßsf aXt_m[w D≈hcm°m≥]‰n√ F∂v- Ah¿ I≠p. Aßs\Ah¿ P\ßsf hnZym`ymkw sNøn-°p-∂Xn¬ apgpIn. AXns‚ mKambnAh¿ ]pXpXmbn XpSßnb k¿h-I-

hnip≤ tdmam km{amPyN{Ih¿Øn s{^UdnIvc≠ma≥ (1194- 1250)Bbncp∂p. ]fin-X\pwIhnbpw cmPyX{¥-⁄\pw tbm≤mhpwimkv{X⁄\pwBbncp∂ At±lsØ`qtemI hnkvabwF∂mWv Nne¿hntijn∏n®n´p≈Xv.tPymXn-»mkv{XØn¬\njvWmX\mbncp∂At±lØns‚ k`bn¬]e tPymXn-»mkv{X]finX∑mcpw ]XnhmbnFØnbncp∂p. At±lwblqZ ]fin-XschcpØn {Ko°v, Ad_n`mjI-fn¬ \n∂v-{KŸßƒ t\cn´peØo\n-te°v X¿PasNøn®p. bp‡n°v \nc-°mØ ]eBNmcßfpw\ntcm[n®p.

imkv{X-KXn 47

emimeIfn¬ Ibdn∏‰n. kzm`m-hn-Iambpw Ah¿ AhnsS A[nImcwÿm]n®p. AtXkabw AhcpsSbmYm-ÿnXnIXzhpw aX]cambAklnjvWpXbpw AhnSsØ A¥-co£sØ k¶pNnXam°n. AXv]n∂oSv C≥Iznknj\nte°pw \bn®pF∂Xv Ncn{Xw.

F∂ncp∂mepw Cu k\ymknkaql߃ imkv{X]T\Øn¬ G¿-s∏´p F∂XpXs∂ henb ImcywBbncp∂p. AXv imkv{X]T\sØHcp AwKoIrX k]cybm°n-Øo-¿Øp. Ahcn¬ \n∂mWv ASpØIptd XeapdIfnse A[ym]Icpwimkv{X⁄cpw D≠mbXv. AXn¬Xs∂ imkv{X⁄¿ {^m≥knkvI-∑mcn¬ \n∂pw XXzNn¥I¿ sUman-\n°∑mcn¬ \n∂pw BWv- h∂XvF∂Xpw IuXpIIcat{X. BZysØ

Iq´cn¬ G‰hpw {it≤b≥ B[p\nIimkv{XØns‚ am¿Kw sh´nsØfn-°p∂Xn¬ kp{][m\ ]¶phln®

Ffnabm¿∂ Hcp k\ymkn Bbn-cp∂p: tdmP¿ t_°¨. ]t£tdmP¿ t_°sW∏‰n ]cma¿in°pw

ap≥]v t_°sWt∏mep≈h¿°v hgnsXfn® as‰mcp alm {]Xn`sb\ap°v ]cnNbs∏tS≠Xp≠v. Cw•o-

jv XXzNn¥I\pw ssZh imkv{X-⁄\pw imkv-{X IpXpInbpambncp∂tdm_¿´v- t{Km vs‰Ãv (RobertGrosseteste, c. 1175-1253) HmIvkv-t^m-Uns‚ imkv{X Nn¥m-ss]-XrIØn-\p Aÿnhmcan´bmƒ F∂v- hnfn-

°s∏´n´p≠v. At±lw tPymXn»m-kv{Xw, {]Imi imkv{Xw, thentb-‰hpw thenbnd°hpw, aghn√ v ,

XpSßnbhsb°pdns®√mw ]T\߃FgpXnbn´ps≠¶nepw B[p\nIimkv{XØns‚ coXn imkv{Xw cq]s∏-

SpØp∂Xnse At±lØns‚ kw`m-h\ BWv- G‰hpw {][m\w F∂v-IcpXs∏Sp∂Xv. \nco£Wßfn¬

\n∂p≈ kmam\yhXvIcWw, AXn-s‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ km¿heu-InI\nba߃ D≠m°pI, F∂n´v AXn-

s\ Bkv]Zam°n {]hN\w \S-ØpI; Ahkm\w AXns\ ]co-£W--ØneqsS ]cntim[n°pI F∂coXnbmWv At±lw apt∂m´p h®Xv.CXns‚ IqsS, KWnXØns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw At±lw Du∂n∏d™p. DZm-l-cWambn, {]mIminIw tPymsa{SnsbB{ibn®ncn°p∂p. At∏mƒ tPymsa-{Sn BWv- ASnÿm\ imkv{Xw. F√mimkv{Xßfpw KWnXsØ B{ibn-®mWv Ccn°p∂Xv F∂v- At±lwNq≠n°m´n. t{Kmkvs‰Ãv {]mImin-

IØn¬ sXfn® hgnsb BWv- tdmP¿t_°¨ apt∂m´p t]mbXv.

tdmP¿ t_°¨ (c. 1214 - 94)P\n®Xv- Cw•≠nse tkma¿sk‰n¬Bbncp∂p. HmIvkvt^mUnepw XpS-¿∂v ]mcoknepw ]Tn®p. ]n∂oSvHmIvkvt^mUn¬ tN¿∂ At±lwanI® A≤ym]I≥ Bbn t]sc-SpØp. B¬s°anbnepw amPn°nepwD≈ ]co£W߃°v {]m[m\ywsImSpØ At±lØns\ A¤pXß-fpsS Kpcp\mY≥ (Doctor Mirabilis)F∂mWv hnZym¿YnIƒ hntijn∏n-®ncp∂Xv. t_°¨ {]mIminIØn¬t{Kmkvs‰Ãv \SØnb ]T\߃apt∂m´p sIm≠pt]mIpIbpw BtaJebn¬ Ad_nIƒ sNbvX ]co-£-W߃ ]Tn°pIbpw sNbvXp.]co-£WßfpsS tcJIƒ Xbmdm°p-∂Xnepw coXnimkv{XØnepw At±-lØns‚ kw`mh\Iƒ hneaXn°-s∏Sp∂p.

1257 t\mSSpØv At±lØn\vB[ymflnI Imcyßfn¬ XmXv]cywh¿≤n°pIbpw Hcp {^m≥knkvI≥k\ymkn BIpIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£AtXmsS At±lØns‚ imkv{X ]co-£W߃°v XSkw t\cn´p. ]Tn∏n-°mt\m ]T\ e߃ {]kn≤oIcn-°mt\m A\phmZw \ntj[n°s∏´p.F∂m¬ At±lØns‚ kplrØpwA`ypZbImw£nbpw Bb s¢sa‚ v

B¬s°anbnepwamPn°nepw D≈]co£W߃°v{]m[m\yw sImSpØAt±lØns\A¤pXß-fpsSKpcp\mY≥ F∂mWvhnZym¿YnIƒ hntijn∏n-®ncp∂Xv. t_°¨{]mIminIØn¬t{Kmkvs‰Ãv \SØnb]T\߃ apt∂m´psIm≠pt]mIpIbpw BtaJebn¬ Ad_nIƒsNbvX ]co-£-W߃]Tn°pIbpw sNbvXp.]co-£WßfpsStcJIƒ Xbmdm°p-∂XnepwcoXnimkv{XØnepwAt±-lØns‚kw`mh\Iƒ hneaXn°-s∏Sp∂p.

48 am¿®v 2012

\mema≥ am¿]m∏ BbtXmsSt_°¨ {]Xo£ DW¿∂p. t]m∏n-s‚ t\cn´p≈ CSs]SeneqsSt_°¨ ]T\^e߃ {]kn≤o-Icn°m≥ A\paXn In´n. At±l-Øns‚ kamlrX IrXnIƒ H]kvaPpkv F∂ t]cn¬ ]pdØv h∂p.]t£ 1268 -¬ s¢sa‚ v am¿]m∏ acn®-tXmsS {^m≥knkvI≥ A[nImcnIƒho≠pw t_°sW th´bmSnØpSßn.1278 -¬ At±lsØ ]mcokn¬ h®phnNmcW sNbvXp, AwKoIrXa√mØNn¥Iƒ h®p ]pe¿Øp∂Xn¬Ip‰°mc≥ F∂v- Is≠Øn; tijwPohnXImew ho´p XS¶en¬ B°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

se≥kpIfpsS ImcyØn¬ A¬sslXmans‚ ]co£W߃ t_-°¨ Adn™ncp∂p F¶nepw At±-lw kz¥ambn ]e ]co£-Wßfpw\SØn. aq°p IÆS I≠p]nSn®XvAt±lw BsW∂v Hcp ImeØv-IcpXs∏´ncps∂¶nepw AXns‚{]mIrX cq]߃ Ad_nIƒ°v Adn-bpambncp∂p F∂v- C∂v AwKoIcn-°s∏´n´p≠v. se≥kpIfpsS kwLm-Xw F∂ Bibw AhXcn-∏n®XvAt±lamWv. CXmWt√m ]n∂oSvZqcZ¿in\nbnte°pw kq£va Z¿in\n-bnte°pw hf¿∂v hnIkn®Xv .shSnacp∂ns\°pdn®pw At±lw]T\߃ \SØnbXmbn ImWp∂p.b{¥ßfm¬ Nen∏n°s∏Sp∂ hml-\߃, I∏epIƒ, ]d°pw hnam\-߃ XpSßn kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS`mhn km[yXIsf∏‰n {]hN\kz`mhap≈ ]e \nco£WßfpwAt±lw \SØpIbp≠mbn. ]eImcy-ßfnepw ImeØn\p ap≥t]\S∂ a\pjy≥ F∂ Hcp ]cnthjwAt±lØn\p≠v. ]co£WßfpsSImcyØn¬ A{KKmanIfn¬ HcmfmWvF∂Xn¬ kwibhpan√. GsX-¶nepw{]tXyI I≠p]nSnØØns‚ t]cn¬A√msX, s]mXpth imkv{XØns‚coXn B[p\nIhXvIcn°p∂Xnep≈At±lØns‚ kw`mh\bpsS t]cn¬BWv- At±lw kvacn°s∏SpI. B[n-ImcnI {KŸßfpsSbpw {]mamWnI-∑mcpsS hN\ßfpsSbpw ASnÿm\-Øn¬ `uXnI {]iv\߃ Xocpam-\n°p∂hsc At±lw FXn¿Øp.bYm¿∞ hn⁄m\ Zmln \nco£W-]co£WßfneqsS BWv- kXywIs≠tØ≠Xv- F∂t±lw \n¿tZ-in®p. Cu A`n{]mb߃ BWv-At±lsØ Ipg∏Øn¬ NmSn®Xpw!

F∂m¬ t_°¨ Hcp hnπhIm-cnsbm {]t£m`Imcntbm Bbncp-

∂n√. imkv{XØns‚ At\zjW-߃ HSphn¬ hnip≤ thZ]pkvXI-Ønse hn⁄m\Øn¬ Xs∂ \sΩsIm≠p sNs∂Øn°pw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ At±lØn\v kwibw C√m-bncp∂p. Cu Dd∏v- skbn‚ v tXmakv-AIzn\mkv XpSßnbh¿ apt∂m´ph® kvsImfmÃnIv XXzNn¥bpsSbpwapJap{Z Bbncp∂p.

...................................................................................................................................................................................................

[1] Kn∫¨ Aßs\ ]dbm≥ ImcWwB h¿jw tdma≥ tk\bnse sP¿-am\nIv hwiPcpsS t\Xmhmb HtSm-k¿ A∂sØ tdma≥ N{Ih¿ØnBb tdmapekv AKkvXpekns\ÿm\{`„\m°n A[nImcw ]nSns®-SpØp F∂XmWv. ]t£ AXn\vhfsc ap≥]pXs∂ tdmam km{amPywXI¿®bn¬ Bbncp∂p F∂mWv]e Ncn{XImc∑mcpw hmZn°p∂Xv.ss_km‚nbw tI{μam°n Ing°≥tdmam km{amPyw ÿm]n°s∏´-t∏mƒ Xs∂ tdmans‚ {]`mhwaßnt∏mbncp∂p. {In. ]n. \memw\q‰m≠p apX¬ XpSßnb tKmØp-Iƒ, hnkntKmØpIƒ, lqW∑m¿apXemb tKm{XßfpsS B{IaWw,kmºØnI {]iv\߃, bp≤Øn\pt]mepw Iqen∏SbmfnIsf B{ibn-t°-≠nh∂Xv Cßs\ ]e ImcW-ßfpw AXn\p]n∂n¬ D≠mbncp∂pF∂v- s]mXpth AwKoIcn°-s∏-´n´p≠v.

[2] t]K≥ (pagan) F∂ ]Zw sIm≠mWvs]mXpth CXns\ hntijn∏n-°m-dp≈Xv.

[3] 428 apX¬ 431 hsc sIm≥Ãm‚n-t\m∏nfnse ]m{Xnbm¿°okv Bbn-cp∂ s\kvsdmcnbqkns‚ A\pbm-bn-Isf BWv- s\kvtXmcnb∑m¿F∂v- hnfn°p∂Xv-. 431 -¬ \S∂F^o-kknse H∂mw Iu¨kn¬Chsc aXhncp≤cmbn {]Jym]n®p.

[4] A¬ Inanb F∂ Ad_n hm°n¬\n∂mWv bqtdm∏n¬ B¬s°anF∂ hm°v D≠mbXv.

[5] A¬tlks\∏‰n ckIcamb HcpIYbp≠v. Xs‚ KmVamb KWnX]mWvUnXyØns‚ {]tbmK]cX-sb-∏‰n AXn¿ IS∂ Bflhnizmk-ap≠mbncp∂ At±lw CuPn]v -Xnse ss\¬ \Znbnse sh≈s∏m-°w \nb{¥n°m≥ AXpsIm≠vkm[n°pw F∂v- hoºnf°nbt{X.F∂mesXm∂p sNbvXp ImWn°qF∂mbn Jeo^ A¬ l°nw.{]tbm-KØn\p≈ {iaw XpSßnb-t∏m-gmWv kwKXn A{X Ffp∏a√F∂v- A¬tlk\v t_m[yw h∂Xv.D≠mtb°mhp∂ h[in£bn¬\n∂v - c£s∏Sm\mbn At±lw{`m¥v A`n\bn®p. Aßs\ in£ho´p XS-¶¬ Bbn amdn. GXmbm-epw AtXmsS At±lw F≥Pn\o-b-

dnwKv AhImihmZsams° \n¿Ønip≤ imkv{X KthjWØn¬apgpIn in„ PohnXw \bn®pht{X.

[6] George Gheevarghese Joseph, “The Crestof the Peacock”, 2000. p. 306

[7 ] Omar Khayyam (1048 - 1131 ) ]cs°Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv A\izc\mb IhnF∂ \nebn¬ BsW¶nepw At±-lw anIhp‰ Hcp KWnX-⁄\pwtPymXn»mkv{X⁄\pw IqSn Bbn-cp∂p.

[8] Ivkphm≥tZ N{Ih¿ØnbpsS 1430 -se Hcp hnfw_cw C{]Imcw ]d-bp-∂p: ""(\ΩpsS) kº¬kar≤nsb-°pdn® v - kap{Z߃°∏pdap≈hnZqcÿamb cmPy߃ Ct∏mgpwtI´n´n√. AXv ]cnlcn°m\mbnhenbImcy°mcmb sNMvKv tlm,hmMvKv PnwKv tlm\vKv XpSßnb-hscth≠ k∂mlßtfmsS Ah-sc-sb√mw t_m[ys∏SpØn hnt[b-XzØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂Xn\p-th≠nAb®p.'' Cu _rlØmb \mhnI-hyqlw Atd_ybn¬ am{Xa√ss\¬ I\meneqsS a[y[cWym-gn-bn¬ {]thin®p C‰enbnse Xpdap-J-ßfnepw FØnbXmbn hnizkn-°-s∏Sp∂p.

[9] Hcp]s£ At±lw G‰hpw Hm¿an-°s∏SpI At±lØns‚ t]cn¬Adn-bs∏Sp∂ kp{]kn≤ t{iWn-bpsS (^n-s_m-Wm®n kocokv) {k-„m-hv F∂ \nebn¬ Bbn-cn°pw.Hmtcm A°hpw AXn\v ap≥]p≈c≠v A°ßfpsS XpI Bbncn°pwF∂XmWv AXns‚ {]tXyIX. 1, 1,2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233,377, 610, ... F∂nßs\. {]IrXnbn¬]ehn[ {]k‡nbpap≈ Cut{iWnbpsS ]cºc \ofptºmƒASpØSpØv hcp∂ c≠v kwJyIƒXΩnep≈ A\p]mXw 1 : 1.618... F∂kph¿W A\p]mXtØmSv kao]n-°pw F∂Xv CXns‚ as‰mcp khn-tijXbt{X.

[10] ]t£ At±lØns‚ Nne "imkv-{Xo-b' ]co£W߃ `oIchpw \m-’n-Isf Hm¿an∏n°p∂Xpw Bbn-cp∂p. c≠v XShpIm¿°v hb¿\ndsb Blmcw sImSpØn v Hcmsfth´bmSm\pw A]cs\ Ddßm\pwhnSpI, F∂n´v c≠v t]scbpw Iodn-apdn®v AhcpsS Zl\ {]{Inbbn¬D≠mb hyXymkw ]Tn°pI; as‰mcpXShpImcs\ hmbp IS°mØ s]´n-bnen´p ]q´n Nmhptºmƒ Bflm-hv Fßs\bmWv ]pdØpt]m-Ip-∂Xv F∂v- \nco£n°pI; Bcpambpwh¿Øam\w ]dbm≥ A\phZn°m-sX Ip´nIsf hf¿Øn AXvAhcpsS `mjmtijnsb Fßs\_m[n-°pw F∂v- ]Tn°pI ... Cßs\t]mbn At±lØns‚ "imkv{Xob'

]T\߃!

imkv{X-KXn 49

ÿnXn-hn-hcwkpIpam-c≥ C.sI.

B[m¿: hkvXp-X-Iƒ

hna¿i-\-߃

Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ Bkq-{X-W-Øn\pwhnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\pw ÿnXnhnhc IW-°p-Iƒ\n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p-≠v.a\p-jy- -{]-IrXn hn -h-ß-fpsS hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn®v kq£n-°p-∂-Xp-Xs∂cmPy-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb hf¿®bv°pwhnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bm-Wv. 1881 apX-emWvC¥y-bn¬ sk≥kkv {]h¿Ø\wBcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. cmPysØ ]uc-∑msckw_-‘n-°p∂ s]mXp hnh-c-߃Dƒs°m-≈p∂ IW-s°-Sp∏v Hmtcm]Øp h¿j-Ønepw \S∂p hcp-∂p.CX-\p-k-cn®v tZiob P\-kwJym cPn-ÿ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p. kv{Xo˛]pcpj A\p-]mXw, hf¿®m-\n-c°v, km£-cXXpSßn cmPy-Øns‚ Bkq-{XW {]{In-bbv°v klm-b-I-c-am-Ip∂ hnh-c-ß-fmWv tZiob P\-kwJy cPn-Ã-dn¬Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. Hcp ]t£ temI-

Øn¬ CXp-hsc \S-∂n- p≈ G‰hpw_rl-Ømb sk≥kkv {]h¿Ø-\-am-bn-cp∂p IS∂p t]mb-Xv.

CØ-c-Øn¬ hn]p-e-amb coXn-bn¬\S∂p h∂ Hcp hnh-c-ti-J-cW {]{In-b-°n-S-bn-emWv tI{μ-k¿°m¿ Hcp]pXnb ]≤Xn ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ ]cn-K-W-\-bv°mbn ka¿∏n-®-Xv. 2010 Unkw-_¿ 3˛mw XobXn cmPy-k- -bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® _n¬ A\p-k-cn®v \mj-W¬sFU‚n- n-t°-j≥ AtXm-dn‰n Hm vC¥y ÿm]n-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xmbn]d-bp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬ (P-Ωp-Im-ivao¿ Hgn-sI) Xma-kn-°p∂ F√m hy‡n-Iƒ°pw Hcp Xncn-®-dn-b¬ \º¿\¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw AXn-eqsS Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw e`y-am-tI≠ B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw tkh-\-ßfpw IrXy-ambn e`n-°p-∂p-s≠∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWvAtXm-dn‰n cq]o-I-c-W-Øns‚ e£y-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \mj-

W¬ sFU‚n- n-t°-j≥ AtXm-dn‰nHm v C¥y BIvSv 2010 (National Identi-fication Authority of India, Act 2010)F∂m°n CXns‚ t]cv.

Hcp hy‡n-bpsS P\-kw-Jym-]-chpwssPh-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb LS-I-ß-fmWvCXn-\mbn tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS Hcp sk‰v ssPh-L-S-I-ß-fmWvXncn-®-dn-b¬ \ºdn(B-[m¿ \º¿)\mbn ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xv. h¿Ww, aXw,PmXn, h¿Kw, hwiw, `mj, hcp-am-\w,Btcm-Ky-hn -h-c -߃ XpS-ßn-bh\¬tI-≠-Xn-√.

P\-kwJy ssPh-L-S-I-߃ \n›-bn-°p-I, ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I, hnh-c-߃tiJ-cn -°p-I, tZiob Xe-Øn¬hnhctiJ-cW Iehd ÿm]n-°p-I,GsXms° Bhiy߃°mWv B[m¿\º¿ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-sX∂vXocp-am-\n-°pI XpS-ßn-bh AtXm-dn-‰n-bpsS Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wv. AtXm-dn-‰n°v Hcp

B[m¿ \º¿ e`n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]uc-Xz-Ønt\mXma-k-°m-cs\∂ Ah-Imiwÿm]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m D≈tcJ-b-s√∂v IcSv _n√n¬]d-bp-tºmgpw ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚kmº-ØnIImcy- k-anXnA°-an´v D∂-bn-®n- p≈hna¿i-\-ß-tfmSv {Inbm-fl-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm≠vB[m-dn\v ]pXnb cq]w\¬Ip-∂-Xnt\m/Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xnt\mk¿°m¿ Xbm-dm-Ip-tam-sb∂vImØn-cp∂v ImWmw

50 am¿®v 20125050

sNb¿am\pw c≠v ]m¿ vssSw AwK-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. aq∂p h¿j-tØ°v\nb-an-°-s∏-Sp∂ AwK-ß-fpsS ]c-am-h[n {]mbw 65 Bbn-cn-°pw.

Ch IqSmsX B[m¿ \º-dns‚ D]-tbm-Khpw hn]p-eo-I-c-Whpw kw_-‘n®v dnt∏m¿ v Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v aq∂pt]c-S-ßp∂ sFU‚n‰n dnhyq IΩn-‰n(Identity Review Committee) bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. {]kvXpX IΩn‰n AwK-ß-fpsS \nb-a-\-Øn\pw {]tXy-I-ambn\n_-‘-\-I-fp-≠v. Hmtcm h¿jhpwtI{μ-k¿°m-cn\v dnt∏m¿ v \¬Ip-∂Xvdnhyq IΩn-‰n-bm-Wv.

tiJ-cn-°-s∏´ hnh-c-߃ kq£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pwtI{μ hnh-c-ti-J-cW Ie-hd (CentralIdentities Data Repository) ÿm]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Bkq-{XW IΩo-js‚ Iogn¬{]h¿Øn-°p∂ AtXm-dn‰n 2009 P\p-hcn 29 se Hcp FIvkn-Iyq- ohv DØ-chv hgn-bmWv \ne-hn¬h∂-Xv.

tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ \mj-W¬sFU‚n- n-t°-j≥ AtXm-dn‰n Hm vC¥y _n¬ 2010 s\Xnsc ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ kmº-ØnI Imcy-߃°m-bp≈ kanXn ISpØ hna¿i-\-amWvDb¿Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. 2010 sk]vXw-_¿apX¬ cmPyØv apgp-h≥ \S-∏m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ B[m¿ ]≤Xn ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ AwKo-Im-c-an-√m-sX-bmWv \S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. {][m-\-ambpw A©v Imcy-ß-fn-emWv kanXn hna¿i-\-ap-∂-bn-®n- p-≈-Xv. H∂m-a-Xmbn ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ A\p-a-Xn-bn-√m-sX-bmWv ]≤Xn Bcw- n-®n- p-≈-Xv. \nb-a-\n¿am-Whpw \n¿h-l-Wm-[n-Im-chpw Hcp-an-®p-t]m-Ip∂ {]{In-b-bm-sW∂pw k¿°m-cns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬sX‰n-s√∂pw k¿°m¿ ho≠pw ho≠pwBW-bn-Sp-tºmgpw \nba \n¿am-Whpw\n¿h-l-Wm-[n-Im-chpw tXm∂n-b-t∏mseD]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈-X-s√∂pw c-W-L-S\m Ah-Im-ihpw kwc-£-Whpw\ntj-[n-°-∏-Sp-tºmƒ \n¿h-l-Wm-[n-Imcw \nb-a-߃°-I-ØmWv ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw kanXn \nco-£n-°p-∂p.

c≠m-asØ {]iv\w t]cv tN¿°p∂{]{Inb ]n≥Xp-S-cp∂ B[m¿ \º-dp-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv. ]nSn-°n-´m-ØXpwhy‡-X-bn-√m-ØXpw Dt±-iy-ip-≤n-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-sa-∂mWo \º-cp-Isf kanXnA`n-{]m-b-s∏- -Xv. Kpcp-X-c-amb kpc-£m-{]-iv\-ßfpw CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn- p-≈-Xmbn B`y-¥-c-h-Ip∏v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. IrXy-amb tcJ-I-fn-√msX \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ B[m¿ \º-dp-Iƒ cmPy kpc-£bv°v oj-Wn-bm-tb-°p-sa∂ Bi-¶bpw B`y-¥-c- a-{¥m-ebw ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p-≠v.

aq∂m-a-Xmbn tZiob hnh-c-kw-c-£W \nb-a-\n¿amWw \S-ØmsX [rXn-∏n-Sn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ ]≤Xn hy‡n-I-fpsS hnh-c-߃ h¿j-ß-tfmfw kq-£n®p hbvt°-≠-Xm-sW∂ hkvXpXk¿°m¿ ad-∂p -t]m-Ip∂Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p. tiJ-cn-°-s∏´ hnh-c-ß-fn¬ IS-∂p-I-b-dp-∂Xpw Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂Xpw XS-bp-∂-Xn\v {]tXy-I-\n-bawBh-iy-am-sW∂pw kanXn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.

\mem-a-Xmbn oa-amb sNe-hp-≠m-°p∂ Hcp ]≤Xn \S-∏m -°p -∂-Xn\papºv Hcp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ km[y-Xm-]-T-\hpw \S-Øn-bn- n-√sb∂p≈Xm-Wv.B[m¿ ]≤-Xn°v kam-\-amb Hcp ]≤-Xnbpw CXp-hsc D≠m-bn-´n-√-sb-∂-XmWv k¿°m-cns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. Cw•-≠p-t]m-ep≈ Hcp cmPyw X≈n-°-f™kam-\-amb ]≤Xn C¥ybv°v ]mT-am-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. hnI-knX cmPy-hp-ambnkmay-s∏-Sp -Øm-hp∂ ]≤-Xn -b√CsX∂v k¿°m¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. tImSn°-W-°n\v cq] sNehv hcp∂ Hcp ]≤-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. H∂pw c≠pw L -ß-fn-embn]Øv tImSn-bm-fp-Iƒ B[m-dn¬ tN¿°-s∏-´-Xmbn IW-°m-°p-∂p. samØwA\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ XpI 3, 170 tImSn-bm-Wv. aq∂mw L -Øn¬ ]Øv tImSnt]¿IqSn tNcp-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. 8,861tImSn-bmWv A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cß-s\-sb-¶n¬ 120 tImSn Xma-k-°mscB[m-dn¬ s]Sp-Øp-tºm-tg°pw F{XsNehv hcpw? (72,000 tImSn GI-tZiIW-°v).

A©m-a-Xmbn ssPh-L-S-I-ßsftI{μo-I-cn-®p≈ Cu ]≤Xn kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bn-ep≈ A‘-amb hnizm-khpwAÿn-c-X-bnepw sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xp-amb [mc-W-I-fn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-sW-∂p-ap≈ hna¿i-\hpw kanXnapt∂m v hbv°p-∂p. _tbm sa{SnIvÃm≥tU¿Uv IΩn‰n (Biometric StandardCommittee) X≈n-°-f™ sX‰v IqSp-X-em-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-I-fp≈ hnc-e-S-bmfkqN-I-߃ CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Aimkv{Xobam-bmWv F∂hna¿i-\hpw CXn-t\mSv tN¿Øv hmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ht´sd hna¿i-\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-¶nepw 2010 sk]vXw-_¿ 29- \v alm-cm-jv{S-bnse sXMven F∂ BZn-hmkn{Kma-Øn¬ B[m¿ ]≤Xn DZvLm-S\wsNø-s∏´p Ign-™p. cmPy-Øns‚ ]e`mK-ß-fnepw B[m¿ \º¿ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S∂p hcn-I-bm-Wv. Bkq-{XW IΩo-j\pw B`y-¥-c-h-Ip∏pw XΩn-ep≈ X¿°-߃ ]cn-l-cn-®p-sh∂v ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepwbmYm¿∞yw Ct∏mgpw AI-se-bm-Wv.B[m¿ \º¿ e`n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v]uc-Xz-Ønt\m Xma-k-°m-cs\∂ Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m D≈ tcJ-b-s√∂v IcSv _n√n¬ ]d-bp-tºmgpw]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ kmº-ØnIImcy- k-anXn A°-an v D∂-bn-®n- p≈ hna¿i-\-ß-tfmSv {Inbm-fl-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v B[m-dn\v ]pXnb cq]w \¬Ip-∂-Xnt\m/Dt]-£n -°p -∂-Xnt\mk¿°m¿ Xbm-dm-Ip-tam-sb∂v ImØn-cp∂v ImWmw.

ssPh-L-S-I-ßsftI{μo-I-cn-®p≈ Cu]≤Xn kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bn-ep≈ A‘-ambhnizm-khpw Aÿn-c-X-bnepw sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xp-amb [mc-W-I-fn¬cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-sW-∂p-ap≈ hna¿i-\hpwkanXn apt∂m´v hbv°p-∂p. _tbm sa{SnIvÃm≥tU¿Uv IΩn‰nX≈n-°-f™ sX‰v IqSp-X-em-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-I-fp≈ hnc-e-S-bmf kqN-I-߃ CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Aimkv{Xob-am-bmWv F∂ hna¿i-\hpw CXn-t\mSv tN¿Øvhmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

50 am¿®v 2012

imkv{X-KXn 51imkv{X-KXn 51imkv{X-KXn 51

F≥.-F-kv. Acp¨Ip-am¿

P\p-hcn 1temI-{]-ikvX C¥y≥ KWn-X-im-

kv{X-⁄-\mb {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-Ps‚ 125- mw P∑-hm¿jn-I-amb 2012- s\C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v "tZiob KWn-X-im-kv{X-h¿jw' (National MathematicalYear) Bbn BN-cn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, cmam-\p-Ps‚Poh-N-cn{Xw {]ta-b-am-°n-s°m≠v Hcptlmfn-hpUv Nn{Xhpw Hcp-ßp-∂-Xmbn{]Jym-]-\w. “The Man who Knew Infin-ity” F∂ t]cn¬ tdm_¿ v Im\n-sK¬(Robert Kanigel) cmam-\p-P-s\-°p-dn®vcNn® Poh-N-cn{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv Ne-®n{Xw \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 22009 -˛se ck-X{¥ t\m_¬

kΩm\w t\Snb C¥y≥ imkv{X-⁄≥ sh¶- -cm-a≥ cma-Ir-jvW\v "k¿']Zhn e`n-®p. {_n´-Wnse Fen-k-_Øv cm⁄n-bn¬ \n∂pw"ss\‰vlpUv' (Knighthood) t\Sn-b-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂mWv Cu _lp-a-Xn. "X∑m-{Xm-Xe Poh-imkv{X' (Molecular Biology)taJ-e-bnse kw`m-h-\-Isf am\n-®mWvCu AwKo-Im-cw. 2010- ¬ ]fl-hn- q-j¨\¬In C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v cma-Ir-jvWs\ BZ-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Xan-gv\m- nseNnZw-_-c-Øm-bn-cp∂p 1952-˛¬ cma-Ir-jvWs‚ P\-\w. Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°≥]ucXzw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv.

P\p-hcn 3`ph-t\-iz-dnse IenwK C≥Ãn-‰yq v

Hm^v C≥U-kv{Sn-b¬ sSIvt\m-fPnk¿h-I-em-imem Imº-kn¬ 99-˛m-aXvC¥y≥ kb≥kv tIm¨{K-kn\v XpS-°-am-bn. C¥y≥ kb≥kv tIm¨{KkvAtkm-kn-tb-j\pw \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v kb≥kv FUyq-t°-j≥B‚ v dnk¿®pw kwbp-‡-am-bmWvimkv{X-tIm¨{Kkv kwL-Sn-∏n-®-Xv.

\n∂pw G‰hpw AI-e -Øn¬\n¬°p∂ Znh-k-amWv "A]vlo-en-tbm¨ tU' F√m h¿jhpw Pqsse-bn-emWv CXp hcp-∂-Xv.

Ipd-bp∂ h\-`qanP\p-hcn 6: C¥y-bnse h\-`q-an-

bpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bn¬ 2007-˛2009 Ime-b-f-hn¬ 367 NXp-c{i Intem-ao-‰-dns‚Ipd -hp -≠m-b-Xmbn HutZym -KnIdnt∏m¿ v. t^mdÃv k¿th Hm v C¥y,tI{μ h\w ˛- ]-cn-ÿnXn a{¥m-e-b-Øn\v ka¿∏n® dnt∏m¿´n -emWvta¬∏-d™ hnh-c-ap-≈-Xv. h\-hn-kvXrXn G‰hpw Npcp-ßn-bXv aWn-∏q-cn-em-Wv -˛ 190 NXp-c{i Intem-ao-‰¿.\mKm-em≥Un\v 146 N.-In.-ao. \jvS-am-bn. h\-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬ h¿≤-\-hp-≠m-°nb kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ]©m-_mWvap∂n¬- ˛ 100 N.-In.-ao. lcn-bm-\bpwlnam-N¬ {]tZ-ip-amWv h\-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬ apt∂-dnb a‰p kwÿm-\-߃.

P\p-hcn 7C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v ]pXp-Xmbn cq]o-

I-cn® "kutcm¿P tIm¿]-tdj' (So-lar Energy Corporation of India) s‚ A[y-£-\mbn BW-thm¿P IΩo-j≥

AwKw A\n¬ It°mZvI¿ (AnilKakodkar) \nbanX-\m-bn.

" P h - l ¿ e m ¬s\lvdp tZiob

k u t c m ¿ Panj' (Jawa-harlal NehruNational So-lar Mission -JNNSM) s‚{]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-∏n-

""imkv{X km-t¶-Xn-I-cw-KsØ ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw kv{Xo]-¶m-fnØhpw'' F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p 2012-˛se imkv{X tIm¨{K-kns‚ apJy-{]-ta-bw. 1914-˛¬ XpS-°-amb C¥y≥ kb≥kv tIm¨{KkvAtkm-kn -tb -js‚ Bÿm\wsIm¬°-Ø-bm-Wv.

P\p-hcn 4imkv{X-cw-KsØ hn⁄m-\-hym-]-

\-an-I-hn-\mbn bpsW-kvtImbpw Hdo (H-Uo-j) Kh-s◊‚pw kwbp-‡-ambnG¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ "Ienw-K-]p-c-kvImc' (Kalinga Prize) Øn\v saIvkn-°≥ \yqtdm-_-tbm-f-Pn-Ãmb sdt\duƒ {U°¿ tImfn≥ (Rene RaulDrucker Colin) A¿l-\m-bn. bpsW-kvtIm-bpsS Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d-em-bn-cp∂Cdn\m _t°mh (Irina Bokova) bmWv1951- ¬ "Ienw-K- ]p-c-kvIm-c-'Øn\v XpS-°-an-´-Xv. c≠p h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°-em-bmWv "IenwK ]pc-kvImcw' \¬Inhcp-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 5`qan kqcy-t\mSv ASp-Øp-h∂ Znh-

k-am-bn-cp∂p C∂v. "s]¿lnentbm¨tU' (Perhelion Day) F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ C∂v `qanbpw kqcy\pw XΩn-ep≈ AIew 147 Zi-e£wIntem-ao-‰¿ Bbn-cp-∂p.cmhn-se 5.53 \mbn-cp∂p AIew G‰-hpw Ipd-hmbn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- -Xv.`qan kqcys\Np‰p∂ ]cn-{I-a-W-]-Yw Zo¿L-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bn-em-b-Xn-\m-emWvCXv kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. CXp-t]mse`qan kqcy -\n¬-

imkv{X-KXn 51

52 am¿®v 2012

em-°p-I-bmWv kutcm¿P tIm¿∏-td-js‚ tPmen. ]mc-º-tcy-Xc Du¿P-h-Ip-∏n (New and Renewable Energy Min-istry) s‚ Iogn-emWv "kutcm¿PtIm¿∏-td-j≥' ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 8{]ikvX uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb

Ão^≥ tlm°n-Mn (Stephen Hawking)s‚ 70-˛mw ]nd-∂m-fm-bn-cp∂p C∂v.tIw{_nUvPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnsehnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn-s°, 21-˛mw hb- n-emWv \mUn-I-tfbpw amwk-t]-in-I-sfbpw Xf¿Øp∂ "eu sKlvdnKvkvtcmKw' (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) At±-lsØ _m[n-®-Xv. 1988-˛¬ {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-amb "F {_o^v lnÃdn Hm^vssSw' (A Brief History of Time) F∂]pkvXIw Gsd {]i-kvX-am-hp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Xtam-K¿Ø (Black Holes) ßsf-°p-dn-®p≈ ssk≤m-¥nI hni-I-e-\-ß-fmWv tlm°n-Mns‚ G‰hpw {it≤-b-amb kw`m-h-\.

P\p-hcn 9C¥y-bpsS sNmΔmZuXy-Øn-\m-

bp≈ {]mY-anI \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´v. 2013 \hw-_-dn¬ \S-Øm≥ \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ hnt£-]Ww hnP-b-I-c-am-bm¬2014 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ C¥y-bpsSsNmΔm-t]-SIw sNmΔbv°p Np‰p-am-bp≈ {`a-W-]-Y-Øn-se-Øpw. sNmΔ-bpsS {]X-e-Øn-en-d-ßm-sX, {`a-W-]-Y-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ]T-\-߃ \S-Øp-I-bmWv e£yw. ]Øv \nco-£WD]-I-c-W-߃ CXn-\mbn \n›-bn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. \mk-bpsS "am¿kv kb≥kvet_m-d- dn' Ct∏mƒ Ahn-tS-bv°p≈bm{X-bn-em-Wv. 2012 HmK-Ãn¬ AhnsSFØp-sa-∂mWv IW-°p-Iq- -s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 10kΩm-\-Øp-I-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬

C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb ]pc-kvIm-c -amb "C≥t^m-knkv ss{]kn'(Infosys Prize) \v C\n-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿A¿l-cm-bn. Ieym¨ tambv sU_v (F-©n-\o-b-dnwKv/Iºyq-´¿ kb≥kv),C{am≥ kn±nJzn (Po-h-im-kv{Xw),IÆ≥ kpμ-c-cm-P≥ (K-Wn-X-im-kv{Xw),{iodmw cma-kzman (`u-Xn-I-im-kv{Xw),cLpdmw Pn cmP≥ ([-\-X-Xz-im-kv{Xw),{]Xm]v _m\p- taØ (cm-jv{S-ao-amw-k)F∂n-h¿°mWv ]pc-kvIm-cw. hni-Z-hn-h -c -߃°v www.infosys-science-foundation.com

P\p-hcn 11]m∏ph \yq Kn\n--bn¬ ImW-s∏-

Sp∂ Hcn\w Xhf (im-kv{Xo-b-\maw:

Paedophryne amanuensis), \s´-√p≈Pohn-I-fn¬ (Vertebrates) h®v G‰hpwsNdn-b-Xmbn Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-´p. eqkn-bm\ tÉv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnseimkv{X-⁄-\mb {InÃ-^¿ AÃn≥(Christopher Austin) BWv CXns\Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. Ac sk‚o-ao-‰-dnepwXmsg-bmWv Xh-f-bpsS hen-∏w.

P\p-hcn 12temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb

""kuc-Zq-c-Z¿in\n'' C\n C¥ybv°vkz¥w. "\mj-W¬ em¿Pv tkmfm¿sSen-kvtIm∏v' (National Large Solar Tele-scope) F∂p t]cn-´n-cn-°p∂ Zqc-Z¿in\n eUm-°nse ]mtMmMv skmte°v tac°v (Pangong Tso Lake Merak)taJ-e-bn¬ ÿm]n-°m-\mWv Kh-

s◊‚ns‚ Xocp-am-\w. kuc-hm-X-߃(Solar Winds) aqew `uam-¥-co-£-Øn-ep-≠m-hp∂ am‰-߃ ]Tn-°p-I-bmWve£yw.

hcp-∂q... "tZio _n.Sn'P\p-hcn 13

"sS¿an-t\-‰¿' Po≥ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS Zqjy-^-e-߃ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m-≠p≈ P\n-X-I-˛-]-cpØn (Bt-Cotton)\n¿an-°m-\p≈ Kth-j-W-]-≤-Xn°vC¥y≥ Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿ A{Kn-IƒN-d¬ dnk¿®v (ICAR) A\p-aXn\¬In. "kq∏¿ _n.-Sn. ]cpØn' (Su-per Bt-Cotton) F∂m-bn-cn°pw ]pXnbP\n-XI ]cpØn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv."_n°-t\cn \m¿a' (Bikaneri Narma)

imkv{X-KXn 53

F∂ t]cn¬, Xt±-io-b-ambn hnI-kn-∏n -°-s∏´ _n. -S n . ]cp -Øn,tam¨kmt‚m Iº-\n-bpsS kz¥-amb‘Mon-531’ F∂ Po\ns\ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p F∂ ]cmXn \ne-\n¬°-th-bmWv ]pXnb ]≤-Xn-°m-bp≈ A\p-a-Xn.

P\p-hcn 14C¥y-bn¬ hn¬°-s∏-Sp∂

]mbv°‰v ]men¬, Btcm-Ky-Øn\vlm\n-I-c-amb cmk-]-Zm¿∞-߃ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn "^pUv tk^v‰nB‚ v Ãm≥tU¿Uvkv AtXm-dn‰n Hm vC¥y' \S-Ønb ]T-\-Øn¬ Is≠-Øn. 33 kwÿm-\-ß-fn-tebpw tI{μ- -c-W-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-tebpw ]m¬ kmºn-fp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn¬ \n∂mWv Cushfn-s∏-Sp-ج. 1791 kmºn-fp-I-fn¬68.4 iX-am-\-Ønepw "Un‰¿sP‚ v' AS-°-ap≈ hnj-]-Zm¿∞-߃ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu taJ-e-bn¬ Kh-s◊‚ vGP≥kn \S-Øp∂ BZysØ ]T-\-amWv CXv.

P\p-hcn 15sNmΔ-bpsS D]- {K -l-amb

"t^mt_mkn' (Phobos) ¬\n∂pwaÆpw a‰pw tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn djyhnt£-]n® "t^mt_mkv˛{K‚ v'(Phobos-Grunt) F∂ ]cy-th-jWhml-\w, {]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-b-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v ]k- nIv kap-{Z-Øn¬ ]Xn-®p. 2011 \hw-_¿ 8˛-\m-bn -cp∂p"t^mt_m-kv- -{K‚ v' hnt£-]n-°-s∏- -Xv.ssN\-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp sNmΔm- -]-cy-th-j-W-t]-S-Ihpw "t^mt_m-kv- -{K‚n'\vH∏-ap -≠m-bn -cp -∂p. ssN\-bpsSBZysØ sNmΔ-bn-en-d-߬ ]≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv.

P\p-hcn 16samtdm-t°m-bnse t^mdw-kvKn‰n

(Forumzgit) ¬, 2011 Pqsse-bn¬ h∂p]Xn® D¬°m-`m-K-߃ (Meteorite),sNmΔ-bpsS `mK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂vimkv{X-⁄¿ ÿnco-I-cn-®p. Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-߃°p-ap-ºv, hen-∏-am¿∂ {Kl-k-am-\-amb Ft¥m H∂vsNmΔ-bp-ambn Iq´n-bn-Sn-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v, AS¿∂p sXdn-®-h-bm-Wt{XCt∏mƒ D¬°-bmbn h∂p hogp-∂-Xv.1815-˛¬ {^m≥knepw 1865-˛¬ C¥y-bnepw 1911-˛¬ CuPn-]vXnepw 1962-˛¬ss\Po-cn-b-bnepw sNmΔm `mK-߃CXp-t]mse ]Xn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Is≠-Ø-s∏- n- p-≠v.

P\p-hcn 17Imem-h-ÿm-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn "Fkv-

˛-_m≥Uv tUmπ¿ dUm¿' (S-BandDoppler RADAR) _olm-dnse A\n-km-

_m-Zn¬ ÿm]n-X-am-bn. 24 aWn-°qdpw{]h¿Øn-°p∂ dUm-dns‚ {]tbm-P\w_olm-dn-s\m∏w Om¿J-WvUnse P\-߃°pw e`n-°pw. C¥y≥ Imem-h-ÿm-]-T-\-hn-`mKw (Indian Meteorologi-cal Department) cmPy-Øn-\p-≈n¬ÿm]n-°p∂ Ggm-asØ tUmπ¿dUm-dm-Wn-Xv.

P\p-hcn 18B¿´nIv Iu¨knen (Arctic Coun-

cil) ¬ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-°m-\p≈ C¥y,ssN\, {_ko¬ F∂n-h-bpsS {iawA¥¿tZ-io -b-X-e-Øn¬ ]pXnbcmjv{Sob hSw-h-en-Iƒ°v Ac-sßm-cp-°n. B¿´nIv kap-{Z-hp-ambn AXn¿Øn]¶n-Sp∂ 8 cmPy-߃ am{X-amWvCt∏mƒ B¿´nIv Iu¨kn-ense]q¿Æmw-K-߃ (Im-\-U, djy, Ata-cn-°, t\m¿th, n≥e≥Uv, kzoU≥,sFkve≥Uv, sU≥am¿°v F∂n-h).CXn¬ "\nco-£I ]Zhn' (Observerstate) \¬IWsa∂mWv C¥y-bpƒs∏-sS-bp-≈-h-cpsS Bh-iyw.

P\p-hcn 19cmPy-Ønse BZysØ k¿°m¿- -

kz-Imcy ]¶m-fnØ sXmgn-e-h-kcthZn-bmbn sIm®n-bnse If-a-t»-cn-bn-ep≈ "In≥{^m' (KINFRA-Kerala Indus-trial Infrastructure Development Corpora-tion) ]m¿°n¬ "Ãm¿´v-˛-A]v hnt√Pv'(Start-up village) {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®p.Iymºkv C‚¿hyq-hn-eqsS hnZym¿∞n-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bmWv e£yw.\mj-W¬ kb≥kv B‚ v sSIvt\m-fPn F‚¿{]\¿jn∏v sUh-e-]vsa‚ v

t_m¿Uv (NSTEDB) tI{μ- -im-kv{X-km-t¶-Xn-I- h-Ip-∏v, sSIvt\m-]m¿°v F∂n-h-bmWv k¿°m¿Xe ]¶m-fn-Iƒ.

P\p-hcn 20ssat{Im-X-cw-Kß (Microwave) sf

ASn-ÿm-\-am°n {]h¿Øn-°p∂dUm¿ LSn-∏n® C¥y-bpsS BZysØIr{Xn-tam-]-{K-l-amb dnkm-‰v- 1 (RISAT-1), 2012 am¿®v 15-˛\v hnt£-]n-°m≥Xocp-am-\-am-bn. {]Im-i-X-cw-K-ß-sf-D]tbmKn-®p≈ "dntam´v sk≥kn-Mn's‚ ÿm\Øv "ssat{Im -X -cwK'ßsf D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂-XmWv dnkm-‰v- 1˛s‚ {]tXy-I-X. "dUm¿Cta-PnMv km‰-sse-‰v- -ssa-t{Im-th-hv- 1'(Radar Imaging Satellite-Microwave-1)F∂-XmWv "dnkm-‰v-˛1' F∂-Xns‚]q¿W-cq-]w.

ssN\bv°v kz¥-ambkq∏¿ Iºyq- ¿

P\p-hcn 21Xt±-io -b -ambn \n¿an -°-s∏´

t{]mk-k¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v \n¿an-°-s∏´ssN\-bpsS kq∏¿ Iºyq -´¿ ˛"k¨th ªqsse‰v' (Sunway BlueLight) HutZym-Kn-I-ambn {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®p. ssN\ kz¥-ambn \n¿an®"sj≥shbv' (Shenwei) t{]mk-k-dmWvCXn¬ D]-tbm -Kn -®n -cn -°p -∂-Xv .CtXmsS Xt±-iob t{]mk-k¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v kq∏¿ Iºyq-´¿ \n¿an-°p-∂,temI-Ønse aq∂m-asØ cmPy-ambn

54 am¿®v 2012

2012- ¬ BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂

1913 P\p-h-cn -am-k-Ønse Hcp cm{Xn.tIw{_nUvPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnsec≠v KWn-X-im-kv{X-⁄¿ Zo¿L-t\-c-ambn N¿®-bn-em-Wv. {Sn\n‰n tImtf-Pnse s{]m^-k¿ sP.-C. en‰n¬hp-Uns‚ apdn-bmWv cwKw. At±-l-hp-ambnkwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pn.-F-®v.-lm¿Un-bpsS ssIbn¬ A∂v X]m-en¬ Ab-®p-In-´nb Hcp IØp-≠v. KWn-X-imkv{X kq{X-hm-Iy-߃ \nd™Iptd t]∏-dp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p AXn-\p-≈n¬. aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠ N¿®-Iƒs°m-Sp-hnepw B kq{X-hm-Iy-߃°v ASn-ÿm-\-amb KWn-X-imkv{X kn≤m-¥-߃ \n¿≤m-cWwsNøm≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™n-√. C¥y-bn¬\n-∂m-bn-cp∂p B IØv. 25 hb- p≈ Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c-\mWv AsX-gp-Xn-b-Xv. t]cv {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-P≥.cm{Xn sshIn, en‰n¬hpUn-t\mSv bm{X]d-bp-tºmƒ lm¿Un a\- n¬ Icp-Xn, B IsØ-gp-Xnb hy‡n A∂p-hsc Adn-b-s∏- n-cp∂ KWn-X-imkv{X{]Xn- -Iƒs°m∏w InS \n¬°p∂ Hcp_p≤n cm£-k-\m-sW-∂v. ]nt‰-∂p-Xs∂ At±lw cmam-\p-P\v IsØ-gpXn ˛ B Akm-am\y {]Xn-`sbhmgvØn-s°m-≠v. AtXm-sSm -∏w,{_n´ojv Kh-s◊‚p-ambn _‘-s∏´vcmam-\p-P\v tIw{_n-UvPn¬ Kth-jWw\S-Øm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°n. 1914-˛G{]nen¬ Cw•-≠n-se-Ønb cmam-\p-P≥ lm¿Un-bp-sam-∂n®v Kth-jW{]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ apgp-In. aqhm-bn-c-tØmfw KWn-X-imkv{Xkn≤m-¥

-߃°v sXfnhp Is≠-Øm≥ cmam-\p-P\v Ign-™p. kwJym-K-Wn-X-am-bn-cp∂pcmam-\p-Ps‚ Kth-j-W-ta-J-e. "t{]m_-_n-en-ÃnIv \º¿ Xnbdn' (Probabilis-tic Number Theory) AS-°-ap≈ cmam-\p-P≥ kn≤m-¥-߃ ]eXpw temI{]i-kvX-ß-fm-Wv. cmam-\p-Ps‚ 125- mwP∑-hm¿jn-I-amWv 2012-. (1887 Unkw-_¿ 22- -\m-bn-cp∂p cmam-\p-P≥ P\n-®-Xv, Xan-gv\m-´nse Ctdm-Un-ep≈ HcpZcn{Z {_m“W IpSpw-_-Øn¬) cmam-\p-Ps\ Hm¿an-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w cmam-\p-P-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ ]pXnb {]Xn-`-Isf Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv tZiob KWnXimkv{X-h¿ jm-N-c-W-Øns‚

e£yw.

tZiob KWn-X-im-kv{X-h¿jwNational Mathematics Year

klI-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS h¿jw

sFIy-cm-jv{S-kw-L-S-\-bpsS Blzm-\-{]-Im-c-amWv 2012 kl-I-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv.kwLm-S-Icpw KpW-t`m-‡m-°fpwH∂pXs∂-bm-hp∂p F∂-XmWv kl-I-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-X. kaq-l-Ønse F√m Xe-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw C∂v kl-I-cW ÿm]-\-߃{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. kaq-l-Øns‚kmº-Øn-I-kp-ÿn-cX ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kl-I-cW ÿm]-\-߃apJy-]¶v hln-°p-∂p-≠v. t]mb h¿j-ß-fnse "BtKmf kmº-Øn-I-amμyw'AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ C¥ysb klm-bn-®Hcp LSIw Chn-SsØ i‡-amb kl-I-cW {]ÿm-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ""kl-I-cW ÿm]-\ -߃ \h-temIkrjvSn-°mbv'' (Co-operative EnterprisesBuild a better World) F∂-XmWv h¿jm-N-c-W-Øns‚ ap{Zm-hm-Iyw.

54 am¿®v 2012

ssN\ (A-ta-cn-°bpw P∏m-\p-amWv a‰p-≈-h) Imem-h-ÿm-]-T-\-Øn-\mWv "k¨th ªqsse‰v' kq∏¿ Iºyq- ¿ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

P\p-hcn 22OØo-kvK-Unse k¿KpP (Sarguja) Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈

"kXv]p-cm- -tKm-≠zm\m taJe' (Satpura-Gondwana Formations)bn¬, C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚n\p Iognse "BWh [mXp-e-hW Kth-jW ÿm]\w' (Atomic Minerals Directorate) bptd-\nbw ]cy-th-jWw Bcw-`n-®p. B{‘m-{]-tZ-inse XpΩ-e-∏-≈n-bnse(Tummala-palle) `qK¿`-J-\n-bn¬ "bptd-\nbw tIm¿∏-td-j≥C¥y enan-‰Uv' qK¿`-J\n ÿm]n®p Ign-™n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. Cu h¿jw Xs∂ DXv]m-Z\w Bcw- n-°m-\m-hp-sa-∂mWv{]Xo-£.

P\p-hcn 23tPymXn-»m-kv{X-kw-_-‘-amb IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-I-fnse

IrXyX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bn, "eo]v sk°≥Uv' (LeapSecond) F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ AXn-kq-£va-amb kabCS-thf "tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰Uv bqWnthgvk¬ ssSw' (Co-ordinated Universal Time-UTC) ant\mSv Iq´n -t®¿°p∂

imkv{X-KXn 55

A¥m-cmjv{S Du¿P-kp-c-£m-h¿jwtemI-Ønse 140 tImSn P\-߃°vC∂pw sshZypXn A\y-am-Wv. 250tImSn, AXm-bXv temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bpsS aq∂n-sem-∂n-tesd, ]mN-I-Øn-\mbn C∂pw ]c-º-cm-KX Du¿P-t{km-X- p-I-sf-bmWv B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Zmcn-{Zy-amWv CXn-s‚-sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Du¿P-Øns‚ IS-s∂-ج Zmcn{Zywaqe-ap≈ _p≤n-ap- p-Isf ]c-am-h[n Ipd-bv°pw. ]mN-I-Øn-\mbn hndIv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p≈ ]pI izkn-°p-∂-Xp-aq-e-ap≈ Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂XS-°-ap≈ Imcy-߃ CXn¬ s]Sp-∂p. Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sm\pw Du¿P-Øns‚ e`yX Imc-W-am-hpw. ]c-º-cm-KX Du¿Pt{kmX- p-Isf IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw Du¿P kpÿn-cX ssIh-cn-°m\pwh¿jm-N-c-W-Øn-eqsS sFIy-cm-jv{S-kw-L-S\ Blzm\wsNøp-∂p-≠v.

Ae≥ SqdnMv h¿jwc≠mw-temI alm-bp-≤-Im-eØv, P¿a≥ ]´mfw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv B¿°pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-hmØ "F\n‹' F∂ tImUp ktμ-i-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. tImUp-Iƒ t\ctØ Adn-™n-s√-¶n¬A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb B{I-a-W-Øm¬ {_n´¨ ]cm-P-b-a-Sbpw F∂ ÿnXn-hn-ti-j-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\v ]cn-lmcwI≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv C-cp-]Xp hb- p-{]m-b-ap≈ Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥-ambn \n¿an® Hcp Iºyq- ¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv Ae≥ Sq-dnMv F∂ B bph-im-kv{X-⁄≥ AXv km[n-®-Xv. B[p-\nI UnPn-‰¬ Iºyq- dp-I-fpsS BZy-cq-]-ambn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ "SqdnMv sajo≥'At±lw \n¿an-®Xv shdpw 22 hb- p-{]m-b-ap-≈-t∏m-gm-bn-cp-∂p. Sqdn-Mns‚ 100˛mw P∑-h-m¿-jn-I-amWv 2012-.

I¿tam-’pI hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚h¿jwbqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b-\n¬s∏´ cmPy-߃ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ apJy kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv 60- -\p-ta¬{]mb-ap-≈-h-cpsS h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ P\-kw-Jy. Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnepw PohnX\ne-hm-c-Ønepw h∂ am‰-߃Bbp- p-\ofp∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬,hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-h¿ Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb ]e

Imc-W-ß-fmepw Ah-i-X-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ch¿°v kzÿ-ambBtcm-Ky-Po-hnXw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bmWv h¿jm-N-c-W-Øns‚ e£yw.2012 apX¬ bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b≥cmPy-ß-fnse htbm-P-\-ß-fpsSFÆw h¿jw-tXmdpw 2 Zi-e£wF∂ IW-°n¬ h¿[n°pw F∂A\p-am-\sØ XpS¿∂m-Wn-Xv.

Nne h¿jm-N-c-W-߃

hmh-ep-I-fpsS h¿jwsFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS ]cn-ÿnXn kan-Xn (United Nations En-vironment Programme-UNEP) -bpsS Blzm-\-{]-Im-c-amWv 2011- 12Ime-b-fhv hmh-ep-I-fpsS h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv. jUv]ZIoS-ßsf Xns∂m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS I¿j-I-cpsS an{X-ß-fm-hp-∂-h-bmWv hmh-ep-Iƒ. Im¿jn-I-hnf kky-ß-fnse ]cm-KWw\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\pw hmh-ep-Iƒ kzb-a-dn-bmsX ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ P\-a-\- p-I-fn¬ `oI-c-X-bpsS ]cym-b-am-hp-∂ h-bmWv hmh-ep-Iƒ. hmh-ep-I-fn-eqsS ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ]I-cp∂p F∂ Bi-¶bpw ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn DS-se-Sp-Øn- p-≠v. CØcw A_-≤-[m-c-W-Isf Xncp-Øn,hwi-\m-i-Øn¬\n∂pw hmh-ep-Isfc£n-°p-I-bmWv h¿jm-N-c-W-Øns‚e£yw.

imkv{X-KXn 55

Iogvhg°w XpS-c-Wtam F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv aq∂p-h¿j-tØ-°p-IqSn \o´n-h-bv°m≥ "A¥m-cmjv{S hm¿Øm-hn-\n-abbqWn-b≥' (International Telecommunication Union) Xocp-am-\n-®p.2015-˛¬ \S-°p∂ "thƒUv tdUntbm IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥tIm¨ -d≥kn'embn-cn°pw CXp-kw-_-‘n® Xocp-am-\-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 24BW-h-t]m¿ap\ hln-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ A¥¿hm-ln\n

kz¥-am-bp≈ temI-Ønse Bdm-asØ cmPy-ambn C¥y. djy-bn¬\n∂pw "AIp-e-˛2' (Akula-II) F∂ t]cn-ep≈ A¥¿hm-ln-\n, ]Øp-h¿j-tØ-°p≈ Icm-dn¬ ]m -Øn-s\-Sp-Ø-Xns\XpS¿∂m-Wn-Xv. "sF.-F≥.-F-kv. N{I' (INS-Chakra) F∂m-bn-cn°pw CX-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xt±-io-b-ambn \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp∂BWh A¥¿hm-ln-\n-bmb "sF.-F≥.-F-kv. Acn-l¥v' (INSArihant) 2013- -HmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-sa-∂mWv {]Xo-£.

P\p-hcn 25kqcy-\n¬\n-∂p≈ AXn-i-‡-amb hnIn-c-W-ßsf Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ kuc-hm-X- (Solar Wind) ß-fpsS Hcp `mKw `qan-bn-se-Øn. 2003 HIvtSm-_-dn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ G‰hpw i‡-amb {]hm-

56 am¿®v 2012

knMv (ssh-Zy-imkv{Xw/Hmt¶m-f-Pn),tUm. tIm´m D√mkv Imc¥v (h-\w,h\y-Pohn kwc-£-Ww), k]≥ Kpl(sk-dm-an-Ivkv).

P\p-hcn 28"\mk'bpsS sIπ¿ Zqc-Z¿in-\n

(Kepler Space Telescope), Bhm-k-tbm-Ky-amb (Habitable) 26 ]pXnb {Kl-ßsf Is≠-Øn. hnZq-c-{]-]-©-Øn¬,hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb 11 \£-{X-߃°vNp‰n-ep-am-bmWv Chsb Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. 2011 Unkw-_-dn-emWv sIπ¿ Zqc-Z¿in-\n, Bhm-k-tbm-Ky-amb BZyhnZq-c-{Klw Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. sIπ¿ 22_n (Kepler 22 b) F∂m-bn-cp∂p CXns‚t]cv.

P\p-hcn 29kwÿm\ Kh-s◊‚ns‚ B`n-ap-

Jy-Øn¬, tIm´bw Pn√-bn¬ "XÆo¿-ØS Kth-jW ÿm]\w' (WetlandResearch Institute) XpS-ßm-\p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xmbn tIcf apJy-a{¥n {]Jym-]n-®p. P\p-hcn 29 apX¬ tIm´-bØvBcw-`n® 24-˛maXv tIcfm imkv{X-tIm¨{K-kns‚ DZvLm-S-\-th-f-bn-em-bn-cp∂p CXv. {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-Ps‚kvac-W-bv°mbn "{io\n-hmk cmam-\p-P≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v t_knIvkb≥kkv' ÿm]n-°m\pw ]cn-]m-Sn-bp-≠v.

P\p-hcn 30tb¬, sImfw-_nb k¿h-I-em-im-

e-Iƒ kwbp-‡-ambn Xbm-dm-°p∂"F≥h-tbm¨sa‚ v s]¿t^m¿a≥kvC≥sUIvkn' (Environment PerformanceIndex)¬, temI-Øn¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIwhmbp-a-en-\o-I-cWw t\cn-Sp∂ ]ØpcmPy-ß-fn¬ D∂-X-ÿm\w C¥y-bv°m-sW∂v dnt∏m¿´v. _w•m-tZ-in\pwssN\bv°pw apI-fn-emWv hmbp aen-\o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ C¥y-bpsS ÿm\w. kzn‰ vk¿e≥Uv,em‰vhnb, t\m¿th F∂o cmPy-ß-fmWvbYm-{Iaw hmbp-a-en-\o-I-cWw G‰hpwIpd-hp≈ cmPy-߃. BsI 132 cmPy-ßsf Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv ]´n-I.

P\p-hcn 31a\p-jy-cpsS ]q¿h-hwiw GI-tZiw

1,50,000-˛2,00,000 h¿j-߃°p-apºvB{^n-°-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h-cm-sW∂vP\n-XI ]cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS sXfn-bn®Kth-jW {]_‘w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´n´v 2012 P\p-h-cn-bn¬, 25 h¿jw]n∂n-Sp-I-bm-Wv. "ssat‰m-tIm¨{Sn-b¬DNA' (Mitochondrial DNA, mt-DNA) ASn-ÿm-\-am°n \S-Ønb Cu hni-I-e\w"t\®¿' F∂ Kth-jW tPW-en-emWv{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛1987 P\p-h-cn-bn¬. sdt_° Im≥ (Rebecca Cann),am¿°v tÃm¨In-Mv (Mark Stoneking),Ae≥ hn¬k¨ (Allan Wilson) F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Cu Is≠-ج \S-Øn-b-Xv.

{]nb hmb-\-°m-tcm-Sv....

kmt¶-Xn-I-amb Nne ]cn-an-Xn-IƒImc-Ww, ta¬∏-d™ imkv{X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ kw_-‘-amb en¶p-Iƒ (K-th-jW{]_-‘-߃, ÿm]-\-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-tS-Xv) Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√.AXn-\mbn aknscience.blogspot.com F∂teJ-Is‚ tªmKv kμ¿in-°m-\-t]-£.`mjm-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ImcWwDƒt®¿°m-\m-hmØ Nne

hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw AXn¬-\n∂p

e`n-°pw. A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw

\n¿t±-i-ßfpw

Adn-bn-°p-a-t√m.

l-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. a\p-jy¿°v lm\n-I-c-a-s√-¶nepw hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab irwJ-e-tbbpw (Ir-{Xn-tam-]-{K-l-ß-tf-bpw)a‰pw iey-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ "kuc-hm-X-߃'°v km[n-°pw. Gjybv°pwAta-cn-°-bv°p-an-S-bn-ep≈ hnam\k¿ho-kp-Iƒ CXp-Im-cWw \ndp-Øn-h-®n-cp-∂p.

P\p-hcn 26{_n´-\nse c≠p sNdp-∏-°m-cmb

hm\-\n-co-£-I¿, kuc-bq-Y-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ ]pXn-sbmcp {Klw Is≠-Øn-b-Xmbn hm¿Ø. {Inkv tlmwkv (ChrisHolmes), eo {Xnbm-sπ-t‰m¨ (LeeThreapleton) F∂o c≠p hm\-\n-co-£-I-cmWv Is≠-ج \S-Øn-b-Xv. SPH10066540 F∂ \£-{X-Øn\p Np‰p-ambn Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ {KlsØkw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃ imkv{X-⁄¿]cn-tim-[n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, "{Xnbm-sπ-t‰m¨tlmwkv _n' (Threapleton Holmes B)F∂m-bn-cn°pw Cu {Klw C\n-ta¬Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

]fl ]pc-kvIm-c-ß-fnse imkv{Xw

P\p-hcn 272012-˛se ]fl ]pc-kvIm-c-߃

{]Jym-]n-°-s∏- p. imkv{X-ta-J-e-bn¬C\n-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿°mWv ]pc-kvIm-cw.]fl-hn- q-j¨:˛ tUmIvS¿ Im¥n-em¬lkvXn-a¬ kt©‰n (ssh-Zy-im-kv{Xw);]fl-`q-j¨:˛ s{]m^. iin-Ip-am¿Nns{X, tUm. Fw.-F-kv. cLp-\m-Y≥(im-kv{X- -km-t¶-Xn-Iw), tUm. kptcjvF®v AUzm\n (ssh-Zy-imkv{Xw/Hmt¶m-f-Pn), tUm. tZhn {]kmZv sj´n (ssh-Zy-imkv{Xw/Im¿Un-tbm-f-Pn), tUm.t\mjn¿ F®v hmUnb (ssh-Zy -imkv{Xw/\yqtdm-f-Pn); ]fl{io:˛ tUm.hn. BUn-aq¿Øn (a-e-bm-fn), tUm.IrjvW-em¬ NmYm, s{]m^. hotc-μ¿knMv Nulm≥ (im-kv{X- -km-t¶-Xn-Iw),s{]m^. salvZn l ≥ (ssh-Zy-imkv{Xw/A\m-´-an), tUm. sP. lco-{μ≥ \mb¿ (ssh-Zy -imkv{Xw/Bbp¿th-Zw), tUm. PntX-{μ-Ip-am¿

imkv{X-KXn 57

lc-W-^ew sI. kXojv

Printed & Published by T.P. Sreesankar on behalf of Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad & Printed at A-One Offset Printers, Ramanattukara, Calicut-1and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Editor-R.V.G. Menon. Approved by CSIR for financial support

Volume 47 No.9, Sasthragathy 2012 March, 60 Pages

imkv{Xhm¿Ø- Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : tUm. Fw. B¿. kpZ¿i\ Ipam¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw alm-flm-Km‘n tImtf-Pnse ck-X-{¥-hn-`mKw A≤ym-]-I-\mWv teJ-I≥

hb¿sekv ktμ-i-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Huj-[-{]-tbmKwico-c-Øn¬ ÿm]n® ssat{Im-Nn∏v hgnhb¿sekv ktμ-i-a-b®v Huj[w{]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZyimkv{X-⁄¿ BZy-ambn {]Z¿in-∏n-®p.‘Osteoporosis’ _m[n-®-h-cn-em-WnXv ]co-£n-®-Xv. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb Nn∏-S-ßnbsNdnb D]-I-cWw tcmKn-bpsS Xz°n-\-Sn-bn¬ ÿm]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ÿnc-ambn acp∂p {]tbm-Kn-t°≠ tcmK-߃°nXv A\p-{K-l-am-Ipw. Ata-cn-°≥Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v AUzm≥-kv-sa‚ v Hm^v kb≥kns‚ hm¿jnI

tbmK-Øn¬ s^{_p-hcn 16- -\mWv imkv{X-⁄-cnXv dnt∏m¿ vsNbvX-Xv. MicroCHIPS, MIT, Hardvard, Case Western UniversityF∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse imkv{X-⁄-cmWv Cu kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. ‘Osteoporosis’ _m[n® F´p kv{XoI-fpsSXz°n-\-Sn-bn-emWv D]-I-cWw ÿm]n-®-Xv. D]-I-c-W-Ønsessat{Im t{]mk-k-dn¬ hb¿sekv ktμ-i-sa-Øp-tºmƒssat{Im-Nn-∏n¬ sshZypXn {]h-ln-°p-Ibpw Hcp t\csØHuj-[-a-S-ßnb Huj-[-]mfn Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]co-£-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ B¿°pw ]m¿iz-^-e-߃ dnt∏m¿´vsNø-s∏-´n-√. ]q¿W-ambn hnI-kn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ÿnc-ambnHuj-[-{]-tbmKw Bh-iy-ap≈ tcmKn-Iƒ°-X-\p-{K-l-am-Ipw.

(www.sciencenews.org)

\mt\m IW-߃ Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n-IcwHuj-[-ß-fnepw t£ym-Xv]-∂-ß-fnepw k¿h-km-[m-c-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ \mt\m IW-߃ t\csØhnNm-cn-®-Xn-t\-°mƒ Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-c-am-Im-sa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ Is≠-Øn. FDA AwKo-Im-c-ap≈t]mfn-ssÃ-do≥ \mt\m IW-߃ tImgn-I-fnse Ccp-ºns‚ BKn-cWw Fß-s\-bmWv _m[n-°p-∂-sX-∂mWvimkv{X-⁄¿ ]T\ hnt[-b-am-°n-b-Xv. sNdnb Ime-b-f-hn¬ IqSp-X¬ Af-hn¬ kº¿°-ap-≠m-Ip-∂Xv Ccp-ºns‚ BKn-c-WsØ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xmbpw Ipd™Af-hn-ep≈ Zo¿L-Ime kº¿°w Ccp-ºns‚ BKn-cWw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbpw imkv{X-⁄¿ Is≠-Øn.

Zo¿L-Ime kº¿°w tImi-ß-fpsS LS-\-bn¬ hcp-Ønb am‰-߃sIm-≠mWv BKn-cWw h¿[n-°p-hm-\n-S-bm-°n-b-Xv. kpc-£n-X-sa∂p Icp-Xnb \mt\m IW-߃t]mepw tImi-ß-fn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-tºmƒ a‰vlm\n-I-c-amb \mt\m-I-W-ß-fpsS kº¿°w Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-c-ambn hn-°p-sa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂p. Nature Nanotechnology bn¬ s^{_p-hcn 12-˛\v Hm¨sse-\mbn imkv{X-⁄-cnXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p.

(www.sciencedaily.com)

Nn{X-Im-c-\mb b{¥-a-\p-jy≥ap∂n-en-cp-∂-bm-fns‚ Nn{Xw hc-bv°p∂ tdmt_m-´ns\ P¿a-\n-bnse imkv{X-⁄¿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øp. Nn{Xw hc-bvt°-≠p∂Bƒ tdm_-´ns‚ ap∂n¬ Ãqfn-en-cn-°-Ww. tdmt_m-´mZyw Ccn-°p∂ Bfns‚ Nn{Xw Iyma-d-bp-]-tbm-Kn-s®-Sp-°pw. F∂n v Xs‚s]≥kn¬ FSpØv Ccn-°p∂Bfns‚ Nn{Xw hcbv°pw! ]Øpan\n- n-\p-tijw Nn{Xw ssIbn-se-SpØv s]mXp-P-\-ßsf A`n-am-\-tØmsS ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw! P¿a-\n-bnse Karl SquheCentre for Art and Media bnse imkv{X⁄cmWv tdmt_m- ns\hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. Ie-bp-tSbpw imkv{X-Øn-s‚bpw kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw kΩn{i e-am-bmWv Cu tdmt_m v hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. Nn{X cN-\-bn-te¿s∏-SmØ ka-bØv tdmt_m-´n\v apjn-∏n-°p∂ Zn\-N-cy-bm-Wv. hnhn[ ]Zm¿∞-ß-fpsS{]Imi {]Xn-^-e\w hni-I-e\w sNøm-\mWv tdmt_m-´ns\imkv{X-⁄¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

(www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com)

ssS‰s‚ A¥-co£wi\n-bpsS G‰hpw henb N{μ-\mWvssS‰≥. ssS‰s‚ A¥-co£waossY-\m¬ kar-≤-am-Wv. -1800 CBWv ssS‰s‚ icm-icn D]-cn-XeDujvam-hv. `qan-bpsS hymk-Øns‚]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ipd-hmWv. kuc-bq-Y-Øn¬ `qansb IqSmsX D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ {Zmh-I-ap≈ GI-ÿ-ehpwssS‰-\m -Wv. Ch-bpsS D¤hwCt∏mgpw imkv{X-⁄¿°v ]q¿W-

ambpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. California Institute of Tech-nology bnse imkv{X-⁄¿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Iºyq-´¿tamU¬ D]-tbm-Kn®v Cu {]Xn- m-k-ßsf efn-X-ambpw hy‡-ambpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hp-sa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏´p.

(www.esciencenews.com)