Rob Schuurman, LtCol (ret’d) NLD A

+31 6 25078423

schuurmanrp@gmail.com

Comprehensive Operations Planning:

- Introduction to NATO

- Introduction to Comprehensive Approach

Credits:

Many individual slides in this presentation were taken from various NATO School

Oberammergau (NSO) Comprehensive Operations Planning Course (COPC) related briefings

produced and given by the following contributors:

Helge Hansen, Gen (Ret’d) DEU A Senior Mentor COPC

Walter C. Sopp, LTC USA M NSO COPC Course Director

Craig Wiggers, LTC USA M JFC BS Co-Facilitator

Chris Scully, LtCol GBR A SHAPE Co-OPR

Rob Schuurman, LtCol (Ret’d) NLD A CIMIC SME

Jean-Michel Haas, Cdr FRA N SHAPE Planner

Lars Johannessen, Cdr DAN N NSO Facilitator

Thomas Boehlke, Cdr DEU N FueAk Bw Facilitator

“Beck” Bekiaropoulos, Maj, GRC F NSO Co-Facilitator

Jeremy Digioia, Maj USA A NSO Co-Facilitator

John Catania, USA Civ ACT Systems Analyst

Klaus-Jorgen Nielsen, DAN Civ JFC BS Systems Analyst

This presentation is for internal use only and shall not be distributed any further without

permission.

Introduction to NATO:

the Strategic Level

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Military Committee

Military Representatives

to NATO

Allied Command Operations

Allied Command

Transformation

North Atlantic Council

Nuclear Planning Group

National Authorities

Secretary General

Committees Subordinated

to NAC & NPG

International Military Staff International

Staff

NATO HQ: its civil and military structures

• Defence Planning

• Strategic Concepts, Policy &

Doctrine

• Resources

• Joint Training and Education for

Individuals

• Experimentation

• Research & Technology

Development

• Command and Control of Forces

• Provide Intelligence Support

• CIS Operational Planning and

Execution

• Joint Exercises and Evaluation

Allied Command

Transformation

Allied Command

Operations

NATO Command Structure today

NATO Education Facilities

NATO

Defence

College

Rome, ITA

NATO School

O’gau, DEU

NATO CIS

School

Latina, ITA

NATO Maritime Interdiction

Operational Training Centre

Soudha Bay, GRC

ACT

NORFOLK-VA, USA

Centres of

Excellence

NATO

Agencies

&

Bodies

Operational Command

NATO HQ SACT

Representation

Brussels, BEL

ACT Staff

Element,

Mons, BEL

Joint Warfare Centre

Stavanger, NOR

Joint Force Training

Centre,

Bydgoszcz, POL

Joint Analysis &

Lessons Learned Centre

Monsanto, PRT

Undersea Research

Centre

La Spezia, ITA

situ

atio

n 1

Ju

ly 2

01

0

Allied Command Transformation (ACT)

Strategic

Commander

Operational

Commanders

Component

Commanders

SHAPE

MONS, BEL

FORCE

COMMAND

HEIDELBERG,

DEU

AIR

RAMSTEIN,

DEU

MAR

NORTHWOOD,

GBR

FORCE

COMMAND

MADRID,

ESP

MAR

NAPLES,

ITA

AIR

IZMIR,

TUR

JFC BRUNSSUM,

NLD

JFC LISBON,

PRT

JFC NAPLES,

ITA

CAOC UEDEM,

DEU

CAOC FINDERUP,

DNK

DARS NIEUW MILLIGEN,

NLD

CAOC P.RENATICO,

ITA

CAOC LARISSA,

GRC

DARS MORON,

ESP

DJSE 2

DJSE NFS

DJSE 1

DJSE 2

DJSE NFS

DJSE 1

Allied Command Operations (ACO)

NATO Force Structure

Strategic Level

Component Level

Intelligence

Fusion Centre

NATO Special

Forces HQ

NATO Airborne Early

Warning & Control

Force Command

Standard NATO

Maritime Group

Standard NATO Maritime Counter Mining Group

High Readiness Force (L)

Forces Lower Readiness (L)

High Readiness Force (M)

High Readiness

Force (A)

Graduated Readiness Forces

CIMIC Fusion

Centre (CFC)

ACT Norfolk, USA

(645)

JALLC Monsanto, PRT

(50)

JFTC Bydgoszcz, POL

(105)

JWC Stavanger, NOR

(250)

New NATO Command Structure (2012)

ACO Mons, BEL

(950)

JFHQ Brunssum, NLD

(850/500)

JFHQ Naples, ITA

(850/500)

AIRCOM Ramstein, DEU

(500)

LANDCOM Izmir, TUR

(350)

MARCOM Northwood, GBR

(300)

NAEW&C & AGS Geilenkirchen, DEU

Sigonella, ITA

(2.000)

CIS GP Mons, BEL

(100)

Signals Bn Grazzanise, ITA

(350)

Signals Bn Wesel, DEU

(300)

Signals Bn Bydgoszcz, POL

(190)

CAOC Uedem, DEU

(75/D-AOC: 110)

CAOC Torrejón, ESP

(75/D-AOC: 110)

DACC Poggio Renatico, ITA

(280)

STRIKFORNATO

PRT (MOU: 119)

Signals Ele NATO (340)

New NATO Command Structure (2012)

Introduction to NATO:

the Operational Level

HQs and where do we find their planners?

Joint Plans Branch (JPB), JFC Main

and Forward Element (FE): Current Situation

OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE

COM

COS

JOINT

PLANS

JOINT

ASSESSMENTJOINT

POLICY APPLICATION & LESSONS IDENTIFIED/

LESSONS LEARNED

EXERCISE & PREPARATION

FINANCIAL

RESOURCES ENGINEER

COM & INFORMATION SYSTEMS

LOGIS TI CS RESOURCES

POLAD

JT EFFECTS MANAGEMENT

BI M FACILITIESMANAGEMENT

SYNCHRONI -

SATION & EXECUTI ON

SITCEN / CJOC

KNOW LEDGE

CENTRE

OPERATIONS

DIRECTORATE

KNOW LEDGEMANAGE MENT

DIRECTORATE

RESOURCES

DIRECTORATE

HUMAN

RESOURCES

THEATRE ENGAGEMENT

CENTRE

Staff Support

Cos Fwd

SITUATION CELLJOINT COORDINATION

CENTRE

JHQ MAIN

JHQ FE/DJSE

SPECIAL STAFF

SUPPORT OF STAFF

JLSG HQ (Deployed)

FSEJLSG HQ Element (Core)

(Pre Deployment)

COM

JFC = Joint Force Command (Brunssum, Naples)

J7 Force

Preparation

Civ-Mil

Interaction

DCOS

OPERATIONS

DCOS

PARTNERSHIP &

READINESS

DCOS

SUPPORT

NATO Exercise

& Preparation

Doctrine & NFS

Interoperability

Joint Doctrine

Land Doctrine

Eval & Certification

NFS Readiness

DJ HQ Real Life Spt

Host Nation Spt

DJ HQ FP

JF HQ

Spt

J1 Human

Resources

J4

Logistics

J8

Financial

J-ENG

J6 CIS

MIL Pers

Civ Pers

Ops & Plans

Mvt & Transp

Plans & Ops

Management

Budget & D

Purch & Contr

Infrastructure &

Plans

Ops & Trg

Manpower

Fin & Account

J-MED

Lessons Learned

Mil

Partnerships

J3

Operations

JOC

Effects

& Influence

J5

Plans

& Policy

Plans

J10

Assessment

Campaign

Assessment

Operational

Assessment

DJHQ Readiness/Trg

J3/5

Synchronization

& Execution

J2 *

Knowledge

Knowledge

Analysis &

Production

Knowledge Mgt

& Acquisition

Intel Support

Exercises &

Preparation Spt

Policy

J9 Civ-Mil

Interaction &

Mil

Partnership

* No global agreement on that name

Multinational

Logistics

New Joint Force HQ Model mid-2012

COS

COM DCOM SWM

Protocol

IMS

LEGAD

PAO Adv MEDAD (Twin)

STRATCOM

Financial Con (Twin)

SPECIAL STAFF

LESO Adv

Liaison Element

POLAD

CSEL

SOFAD

DOM

MPS

IAC/IAT

JLSG

J39/TEC **

** Generated from J9 for deployment

JOPG

STRATEGIC

OPERATIONAL

TACTICAL

Joint Operations Planning

Group - JOPG

The Joint Operational Level of Command

NRF/CJTF

SACEUR

Operational

Level

Tactical

Level

Political/

Military

Strategic

Level

NAC/MC

CC/TFs

Plan/Direct

Campaigns/Major

Operations

Plan/Execute

Tactical Operations

Develop/Implement

Political-Military

Strategy

JFC

ISAF

SACEUR

NAC/MC

Forces/PRTs

Current

Deployed Forces

Concept

NATO

ISAF C2

15 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED

Introduction to NATO:

Planning in NATO

Types of Planning

• Advance Planning:

• Standing Defence Plan (SDP). Long-term, short notice Article 5. Fully developed and executable.

• Contingency Plan. Possible risk, regionally focused, not executable.

• Generic Contingency Plan. Generic, based on potential transnational threat, non-executable.

• Crisis Response Planning (CRP).

• Support Planning: supports complex/multiple operations

… for CURRENT TASKS

CRISIS RESPONSE PLANNING

OPERATION

PLAN (OPLAN)

- Response to crisis

- COP-based

- Specific

- Execution capable

- NAC approved

… for FUTURE TASKS

ADVANCE PLANNING

CONTINGENCY

PLAN (COP)

STANDING

DEFENCE PLAN (SDP)

- Generic

- Possible risk

- Not executable

- Basis for OPLAN

- MC approved

- Specific

- Executable

- COM Terms

Of Reference

- NAC approved

Planning Categories

NATO Crisis Response Planning (CRP)

Phase 1

Situation Awareness

Phase 4a

Strategic

CONOPS

Development

Phase 4b

Strategic OPLAN Development

(Force Generation)

Phase 5

Execution

Assessment/OPLAN

Review

Phase 6

Transition

SH

AP

EJF

CM

C

NATO Crisis Response Planning

Phase 1

Indications and WarningsPhase 4 Planning

Phase 3

Development

of Response

Options

Phase 2

Assessment of

the Crisis

Phase 5

Execution

Phase 6

Transition

Phase 3

Operational

Orientation

Phase 2

Operational

Appreciation/

Assessment of

Options

Phase 4a

Operational

CONOPS

Development

Phase 1

Situation

Awareness

Phase 4b

Operational OPLAN

Development

Phase 5

Execution/ Campaign

Assessment

OPLAN Review

Phase 6

Transition

Information

Sharing

Force Activation

Directive

With MC

Guidance

Tasker for

Periodic Mission

Review

Strategic

Planning

Directive

SACEUR’s

Strategic

Assessment

(SSA)

Approved

Strategic

OPLAN

Phase 3

Military

Response

Options

Phase 2

Strategic

Assessment

Operational

Advice

Military

Response

Options

(MRO)

Warning

Order

Strategic

CONOPS

Provisional CJSOR,

draft TCSOR

NAC

Execution

Directive

with MC

Guidance

Tasker for SSA

Information

Sharing

Operational

CONOPS

Operational

OPLAN

Strategic

OPLAN,

ROEREQ

TCSOR

Assessment

SACEUR’s

Mission

Progress

Report

NAC DS for

Transition

planning with

MC Guidance

Disengagement

Planning

As part of the collaborative planning process documents submitted to the MC will also be passed to subordinate CdrsAs part of the collaborative planning process documents submitted to the MC will also be passed to subordinate Cdrs

Strategic

Planning

DirectiveACTORD

SACEUR’s

Strategic

Assessment

NAC Approved

Strategic

CONOPS

with MC Guidance

NAC Approved

Strategic

OPLAN,

ROEREQ,

TCSOR

with

MC Guidance

Approved

Operational

CONOPS

Approved

Operational

OPLAN

NA

C

Phase 1

Indications and WarningsPhase 4 Planning

Phase 3

Development

of Response

Options

Phase 2

Assessment of

the Crisis

Phase 5

Execution

Phase 6

Transition

SMA and

Military

Response

Options

NID

Endorsed

Strategic

CONOPS

Approved

Strategic

CONOPS Force

Activation

Directive

(FAD)

Approved

Strategic

OPLAN,

ROEREQ,

TCSOR

NAC

Execution

Directive

Request or

Task the NMA’s

for PMR

Endorsed

Mission

Progress

ReportNAC Decision

Sheet for

Transition

planning

Approved

Transition

OPLAN

NAC

Execution

Directive

Strategic

Transition

OPLAN

Aproved

Strategic

Transition

OPLAN

with

MC Guidance

NAC

Execution

Directive

With MC

Guidance

Endorsed

Strategic

OPLAN,

ROEREQ,

TCSOR

PMEStrategic Political/Military Plan (SPMP)

developmentStrategic Political/Military Plan review

SPMP

SPMP

Information

Sharing

Endorsed

Transition

OPLAN

Strategic

CONOPS

Provisional

CJSOR,

draft TCSOR

,

ROEREQ

TCSOR

Request or

Task the NMA’s

for SMA Request or Task

the NMA’s for

Response Options

SMA and

SSAs

Tasker for MRO

Draft MROs

NID with MC

Guidance

NATO-wide Collaborative Planning

•Strategic Assessment •Military Response Options •Strategic CONOPS •Strategic OPLAN

Civil Emergency

Planning Committee

Military

Committee

Political &

Partnership

Committee

Operations

Policy

Committee

NAC DECISION

JOPG – JFC

PLANNING

Direction/Advice

COMPONENTS

PLANNING

SOPG - SHAPE

PLANNING

CMTF

Products

Collaboration

ADVICE ADVICE

Introduction to the

Comprehensive Approach:

what it is

A means to ensure a co-ordinated and coherent response to a

crisis (not a definition)

Comprehensive Approach is the synergy amongst all actors

and actions of the International Community through the co-

ordination and de-confliction of its political, development and

security capabilities to face today’s challenges including

“Complex Emergencies” (working definition)

Comprehensive Approach:

• International community involved with a wide spectrum of civil and military instruments of power

• Integrates all engaged actors on a desired End State

• Provides operating platform throughout all phases of an international engagement

• Enables each actor to fulfil its share within its own principles, however in a co-ordinated fashion

Comprehensive Approach:

Focused at three levels:

• political and strategic level:

• NATO focus on building confidence and mutual understanding.

• operational level:

• NATO priority to co-operate with other international actors in planning

complex operations.

• theatre/tactical level:

• NATO force commanders empowered to conduct effective co-

operation and co-ordination “on the ground” with civilian actors.

All three levels must function in a collaborative and complementary

manner to achieve success.

NATO's engagement in a

comprehensive approach

Context of missions (1)

• complex assortment of actors engaged in the JOA and beyond...... • Multinational joint forces

• Parties in a conflict

• indigenous population

• media, diplomats, IOs, NGOs, and GOs

• .....who must operate in a co-ordinated and complementary style

• ideally harmonised by a Special Representative (SR) of the UN SecGen, EU or other multinational entity.

• SR will seek to coordinate all efforts of civil actors.

• Those entities organise themselves in a Cluster Approach, appointing a Cluster Leader for the various working fields.

Wherever a Comprehensive Approach demands the participation of military expertise in these clusters, CIMIC should contribute in its civil military liaison function.

An Actor is a person or organisation, including state and non-state entities, within the international system with the capability or desire to influence others in pursuit of its interests and objectives.

PMESII Domains (the full spectrum of

the problem, the “systems”)

• Political Systems - any grouping of primarily civil actors, organisations and

institutions, both formal and informal, that exercises authority or rule within a

specific geographic boundary or organization through the application of various

forms of political power and influence.

• Military Systems - the armed forces and supporting infrastructure, acquired, trained,

developed and sustained to accomplish and protect national or organizational

security objectives.

• Economic Systems - composed of the sum total of production, distribution and

consumption of all goods and services for a country or organisation.

• Social Systems - the interdependent network of social institutions that support,

enable and acculturate individuals and provide participatory opportunities to achieve

personal expectations and life-goals within hereditary and non-hereditary groups, in

either stable or unstable environments.

• Infrastructure Systems - the basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the

functioning of a community, organisation, or society.

• Information Systems - the entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, and

components that collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on

information.

The instruments of power, the “tools”

• Military. The military is NATO’s main instrument. It refers to the application of

military power, including the threat or use of lethal and non-lethal force, to

coerce, deter, contain or defeat an adversary, including the disruption and

destruction of its critical military and non-military capabilities.

• Political. The political instrument refers to the use of political power, in

particular in the diplomatic arena co-operating with various actors, to influence

an adversary or to create advantageous conditions.

• Economic. The economic instrument generally refers to initiatives and

sanctions designed to affect the flow of goods and services, as well as financial

support to state and non-state actors involved in a crisis.

• Civil. The civil instrument refers to the use of powers contained within such

areas as judiciary, constabulary, education, public information and civilian

administration and support infrastructure, which can lead to access to medical

care, food, power and water. It also includes the administrative capacities of

international, governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGO). The

civil instrument is controlled and exercised by sovereign nations, IOs and

NGOs.

A comprehensive approach

NATO Military End-State

Attained

Adequate Level of

Security External Support to Security Apparatus Internal Security

Authorities regain

Control

Internal Security Mechanism Adequate Level of

Security

Public Support for

Security

Effective Security Level of Violence within

Societal Norms

Focus on Military

Activities

Crisis Governance

Adequate level of

governance

Public Support for

Governance

Economic e.g. adequate level of

employment Stability

Social and Human e.g. health, education

living conditions Development

Effective Stability

Focus for

International

Community

CIMIC

Ops

??????

Parties

Military or Paramilitary

Forces

??????

United Nations

Secretary General

United Nations

Secretary General

Department Peace

Keeping Operations

Department Peace

Keeping Operations

United Nations

Security Council

United Nations

Security Council

NORTHNORTH

EASTEAST

SOUTHSOUTH

UNUN

WESTWEST

Political

Affairs

Political

Affairs Civil Administration

Office

Civil Administration

Office

Humanitarian

Affairs

Humanitarian

Affairs

UNSRSGUNSRSG

Force

Command

Force

Command

Political Political –– Strategic LevelStrategic Level

Chiefs Of

Administration/Defense

Chiefs Of

Administration/Defense

Regional/Provincial

Authorities

Regional/Provincial

Authorities

Local AuthoritiesLocal Authorities

NationsNationsNations

Ministers/MinistriesMinisters/Ministries

Head of StateHead of State

Component

Command

Component

Command

Specific

Units/Assets

Specific

Units/Assets

NATO Force

Command

NATO Force

Command

Strategic

Command

Strategic

Command

North Atlantic

Council

North Atlantic

Council

??????

International International

OrganisationsOrganisations

NonNon--Governmental Governmental

OrganisationsOrganisations

Regional Authorities Regional Authorities

……

Operational LevelOperational Level

Tactical LevelTactical Level

??????

Senior Civil

Representative

Senior Civil

Representative

Civil-military organizational levels