Reconstruction

United States History

Chapter 11

Essential Question

• How was the nation’s commitment to its founding ideals tested during Reconstruction?

Reconstruction• Issues

–Status of former states • Eleven Confederate States

–Status of former slaves• Four million former slaves• Illiterate, unemployed, poor

–Rebuilding the South• 50% of manufacturing and agriculture

destroyed• Most transportation damaged or destroyed

Reading Notes

• Silently read Chapter 11 Section 1 and answer the following questions:

1. In his second inaugural address, what was Lincoln’s attitude regarding the end of the Civil War?

2. What happened on April 14, 1865?

3. To whom did the task of Reconstruction fall?

Lincoln Kennedy

Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846Kennedy was elected to Congress in

1946

He was elected President in 1860 He was elected President in 1960

His wife lost a child while living in the White House

His wife lost a child while living in the White House

He was directly concerned with Civil Rights

He was directly concerned with Civil Rights

Lincoln was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife

Kennedy was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife

Lincoln shot in the Ford Theatre Kennedy shot in a Lincoln, made by Ford

He was shot on a Friday He was shot on a Friday

The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters

The assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters

Booth shot Lincoln in a theater and fled to a warehouse

Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theater

Booth was killed before being brought to trial

Oswald was killed before being brought to trial

There were theories that Booth was part of a greater conspiracy

There were theories that Oswald was part of a greater conspiracy

Lincoln's successor was Andrew Johnson, born in 1808

Kennedy's successor was Lyndon Johnson, born in 1908

Coincidence?• In 1963 President Kennedy was invited to a celebration to mark the

100th anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's reading of his famous Gettysburg Address at the National Cemetery.

• Kennedy declined an invitation to speak and General Eisenhower filled in admirably. Kennedy did send a message which read 'Let us remember those thousands of American patriots whose graves at home, beneath the sea and in distant lands are silent sentries of our heritage'.

• Kennedy had not been able to attend this event because he was needed in Texas to settle a political issue between two Texan politicians - Governor John Connally and US Senator Ralph Yarborough. Instead of attending the ceremonies on 19 November, Kennedy flew down to Texas and stayed the weekend at Lyndon B Johnson's ranch.

• Three days later, on 22 November, Kennedy was assassinated as he rode through the streets of Dallas.

Political Cartoons

• Political cartoons express the cartoonist’s opinion on a current issue through images and words

• Cartoons contain some or all of the following artistic devices:– Important people– Symbols– Exaggerated details– Labels that identify parts of the cartoon– Voice or thought bubbles– A caption

Rail Splitter Cartoon

• Silently read section 2. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:– Handout Questions

Rail Splitter Cartoon

• Match each letter to one of the six artistic devices

• What do you think is the cartoonist’s message?

• How does the cartoonist use artistic devices to communicate his message?

Reading Note Answers

Collision on the Railroad

• Silently read section 3. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:– Handout questions

Collision on the Railroad

• What do you see?

• What artistic devices are used?

• Who are these men, and what is their attitude toward one another?

• What do you think caused them to feel this way?

• What do you think is the message?

Reading Note Answers

Strong Government

• Silently read section 4. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:– Handout Questions

The Strong Government

• What do you see?

• What artistic devices are used?

• Who is the man with the sword? Who is escorting him? Who is carrying him?

• What might have happened to cause this scene?

• What do you think is the message?

Reading Note Answers

Worse Than Slavery

• Silently read section 5. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:– Handout Questions

Worse Than Slavery

• What do you see?

• What artistic devices are used?

• Who is shaking hands?

• What scene is shown beneath the two men?

• Why do you think this scene is labeled “Worse Than Slavery”?

• What do you think is the message?

Reading Note Answers

Homework

• Choose one of the following:

1. Create a political cartoon regarding an issue during Reconstruction. Your cartoon must contain at least three artistic devices.

2. Find a modern political cartoon about the nation’s founding ideals. Write a paragraph analyzing the cartoon by identifying details and explaining the cartoonist’s message.

Key Vocabulary

• Federalism – division of power between the federal and state government

• Habeas Corpus – right of a person being detained to appear in court before a judge

• Popular sovereignty – right of the people to decide on a political issue

• Sectionalism – strong concern for local interests

Key Vocabulary – Part II

• Conscription – Draft• Emancipation – act of freeing slaves from

bondage• Impeachment – charge a public official• Radical – person who wants to make big

social, political, or economic changes in society

• Secession – formal withdrawal from a group

Changes in the Southern Economy

• Sharecropping and tenant farming– Cycle of poverty

• Restoration of plantations• Challenges

– KKK– Scandals– Jim Crow laws

• End of Reconstruction = Compromise of 1877

Segregation and Discrimination

• Voting Restrictions– Literacy tests– Poll tax– Grandfather clause (white only)

• Jim Crow Laws– Legal separation (segregation) of races

• Plessy v. Ferguson– 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision allows ‘separate

but equal’

Jim Crow Laws• Railroads The conductor of each passenger train is

authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.

• Restaurants It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.

• Pool and Billiard Rooms It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other at any game of pool or billiards.

• Toilet Facilities, Male Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities.

Jim Crow Laws • Cohabitation Any negro man and white woman, or any

white man and negro woman, who are not married to each other, who shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred ($500.00) dollars.

• Education The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.

• Intermarriage It shall be unlawful for a white person to marry anyone except a white person. Any marriage in violation of this section shall be void.

• Barbers No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls.

• Burial The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons.

More Jim Crow Laws

• Amateur Baseball It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race. Georgia

• Parks It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons. Georgia

Success or Failure?

• Success– Social and Political

Revolution– Former slaves participate

in government– Expanded public education– Redistribution of land– Restoration of former slave

families, churches, and communities

• Failure– Political parties unable to

continue reform– Continuation of ‘Cycle of

Poverty’ – Racial bias and intimidation– Not aligned with National

priorities: ex-slave issues vs. economic issues

Illustrated Timeline for Era 1

• Using the timeline on page 144-145 create an illustrated timeline for the eight events listed.– For each event list the name of the event and

the date or date range– For each event create an appropriate symbol– For each event write an original caption or

headline– For each event determine and list which

founding ideal represents the event

Review Topics Unit 3

• Missouri Compromise• Andrew Jackson – spoils

system• Manifest Destiny• Goals of abolitionists• Kansas-Nebraska Act• Dred Scot v. Sandford• Anaconda Plan• Soldiers life• Sharecropping• Total war

• Jim Crow laws• Plessy v. Ferguson• Compromise of 1877• Emancipation

Proclamation• 13th Amendment• Outcomes of the Civil

War• African Americans after

Civil War