ready-made-garments-rmg-indystry-and-its-contribution-in-bangladesh-economy.doc

7/28/2019 Ready-made-garments-RMG-Indystry-and-its-contribution-in-Bangladesh-economy.doc

1/21

Letter of Submission

Date: 23th June 2013

To

Ms. Nilufar Sultana

Lecturer

Department of Finance

Faculty of Business Administration

Subject: Submission of assignment on Contribution of Garments Industry in Bangladesh

Economy.

Dear Madam,

Here we are submitting our assignment on Contribution of Garments Industry in

Bangladesh Economy prescribed by you in your course. For this Purpose, we have gone

through internet, different books, articles, journals, interview of authorities and

employees of the respective organizations and class lecture sheets for the relevant

information of the assigned topic.

Please call me for any further information at your convenient time and place.

Yours truly,

On behalf of Group Members

Mohammad Abdul Halim

Ph: 01815949285
http://www.puc.ac.bd/BS/profile_NilufarSultana.htmlhttp://www.puc.ac.bd/BS/profile_NilufarSultana.htmlhttp://www.puc.ac.bd/BS/profile_NilufarSultana.html


2/21

Acknoledgement

For last 40 years, the RMG industry started developing in Bangladesh primarily as an

export-oriented industry although; the domestic market for RMG has been increasing fast

due to increase in personal disposable income, increase in per capital income and change

in life style. The sector rapidly attained high importance in terms of employment, foreign

exchange earnings and its contribution to Real GDP. RMG industry of Bangladesh now

accounts for over 76% of the country's total export earning which is 13% of the total

GDP. The success of readymade garment exports from Bangladesh over the past two

decades has crossed the most optimistic expectations. The paper reviews the history of

our cloth Industry, present condition of RMG sector, export earning in different fiscal

year, contribution to the GDP, social impact of this sector, and the opportunities as well.

Here we have also mentioned the problems and the prospects about the RMG sector of

our country.

Table of contents

01. INTRODUCTION...............05

02. DISCUSSION..05


3/21

2.1 Garments Industry in Bangladesh..

06

2.2 History of our cloth Industry..06

2.3The Present Scenario of RMG Industry in Bangladesh .....06

2.4 Export 06

2.5 Export income of different fiscal years..08

2.6 Contribution of the RMG Industry in terms of GDP ....11

2.7 Social impact of RMG Sector.. 16

2.8 Problems of RMG Sector ..17

2.9 Safety Needs..............................................17

2.10 Prospects of RMG Sector ...18

2.11 Challenges of RMG Industry...20

03. CONCLUSION .......21

01. INTRODUCTION

The tremendous success of readymade garment exports from Bangladesh over the last

two decades has surpassed the most optimistic expectations. Today the apparel export

sector is a multi-billion-dollar manufacturing and export industry in the country. The

overall impact of the readymade garment exports is certainly one of the most significant


4/21

social and economic developments in contemporary Bangladesh. With over one and a

half million women workers employed in semi-skilled and skilled jobs producing

clothing for exports, the development of the apparel export industry has had far-reaching

implications for the society and economy of Bangladesh

02. Literature Review

2.1 Garments Industry in Bangladesh:

Like other 3rd world countries Bangladesh is a developing country. Her economic

development depends firstly on Agriculture and secondly on Industry. Although

Bangladesh is not developed in industry, it has been enriched in Garment industries in the

recent past years. In the field of Industrialization garment industry is a promising step. It

has given the opportunity of employment to millions of unemployed, especially

innumerable uneducated women of the country. It is making significant contribution in

the field of our export income.

2.2 History:

Once upon a time the cloth of Bangladesh achieved worldwide fame. Maslin and Jamdani

cloth of our country were used as the luxurious garments of the royal figures in Europe

and other countries. The British rulers in India didnt develop our cloth industries at all.

Rather they destroyed them and imported cloths from England. After the emergence of

Bangladesh radical change has come to our garment sector. Garment industries started

working from the 10's of the late century.

2.3 Present Scenario:

After the emergence of Bangladesh radical change has come to our garment sector.

Garment industries started working from the 10's of the late century. At present there are

about 3000 garment industries in the country and 75 percent of them are in Dhaka. The


5/21

rest are in Chittagong and Khulna. These Industries have employed fifty lacks of people

and 85 percent of them are illiterate rural women. About 76 percent of our export earning

comes from this sector. The RMG workers received USD 315.25 million as their wage in

FY 2002. This purchasing power contributed significantly to the growth of the economy

through its multiplier impact in terms of consumption expenditure and savings.

2.4 Export:

To about 30 countries around the world, Bangladesh presently exports ready-made

garments, with over 45% to USA, 50% to the countries in EU and 3% to Canada and rest

to the other countries of the world. Bangladesh is known in these countries as -

Bangladesh isasmall country with a strong presence.

Rank Origin Amount (Million US$) Rate of change

(%)

2004 2005 2006 2004/05 2005/06

World 66,875 70,811 73,393 5.89 3.65

1 China 10,723 16810 19868 56.77 18.19


6/21

2 Mexico 6,845 6,230 5,448 -8.99 -12.55

3 Indonesia 2,402 2,882 3,675 19.99 27.50

4 India 2,277 3 ,059 3,242 34.31 6.00

5 Vietnam 2,506 2,665 3,158 6.37 18.49

6 Hong Kong 3,878 3,524 2,817 -9.13 -20.08

7 Bangladesh 1,872 2,268 2,809 21.17 23.858 Honduras 2,742 2,685 2,518 -2.09 -6.24

9 Cambodia 1,418 1,703 2,131 20.08 25.17

10 Philippines 1,765 1,822 1,999 3.21 9.70

11 Thailand 1,823 1,833 1,859 0.60 1.39

12 Sri Lanka 1,553 1,653 1,687 6.46 2.03

13 Guatemala 1,947 1,817 1,667 -6.66 -8.28

14 Dominican Republic 2,036 1,831 1,535 -10.09 -16.14

15 Italy 1,585 1,520 1,474 -4.12 -2.98

16 Pakistan 1,147 1,273 1,427 10.99 12.11

Note: Knit and woven garments are defined as commodities with HS codes of 61 and 62.

Sources of data: U.S Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Census by World Trade Atlas.

Table: Region-wise Share of RMG Export

Year Export share

to USA

Export share

to European

Countries

Combined

Share of USA

& EU (%)

Export Share

of Other

Countries (%)

2001-2002 42.67 55.43 98.10 1.90

2002-2003 38.02 57.12 95.14 4.862003-2004 28.64 65.42 94.06 5.94

2004-2005 30.64 64.24 94.88 5.12

2005-2006 33.67 49.77 83.43 16.57

Position of Bangladesh is exporting product in USA is not very satisfactory but this

situation is better than any other condition of the previous time. But if our Government


7/21

take some essential law and break out the wall of biasness then the position of

Bangladesh in Garments sector would be hope to better. Country's apparel export has

been growing on an average at the rate of 25% for last several years. The country,in 2004

ranked 7th largest apparel exporter to the USA the EU.

2.5 Export income of different fiscal years:

Items of exportable garments:

Among the garments of Bangladesh are shirt, pajama, jeans-pant, jacket, trouser, hats,

laboratory coat, sweater, pullover, jumper, jacket, trousers, gloves, sports dress,

nightdress etc.

MAIN APPAREL ITEMS EXPORTED FROM BANGLADESH (in Million. US$)

Year Shirt T-Shirt Trousers Jackets Sweater

1993-94 805.34 225.90 80.56 126.85 -

1994-95 791.20 232.24 101.23 146.83 -

1995-96 807.66 366.36 112.02 471.73 70.41

1996-97 759.57 391.21 230.98 309.21 196.60

1997-98 961.13 388.50 333.28 467.19 296.29

1998-99 1043.11 471.88 394.85 393.44 271.7

1999-2000 1021.17 563.58 484.06 439.77 325.07

2000-2001 1073.59 597.42 656.33 573.74 476.87


8/21

2001-2002

(Jul-Mar)

666.18 403.98 449.18 296.82 362.23

Source: BGMEA.

In 1977-78 fiscal years Bangladesh exported forty thousand shirts in Germany and earned

one million U.S. dollar. At the beginning of the 80's this industry flourished rapidly. In

1983-84 fiscal years the income from garments raised to 6 corers 50 lakh US dollar. In

1998-99 it became 420 corers U.S. dollar. By 2003-2004 the factories multiplied three

times. Simultaneously the export has also increased. The amount of export income in

2003-2004 increased to 568 corers US dollar. Starting in late seventies, the apparel

industry of Bangladesh now accounts for over 76% of the country's total export earning.

Country's apparel export rose to US$2809 million in 2006 from a mere US$6 million in1981.

Year Export (in US $ million) Percentage change

1991 92 624.16 32.49

1992 93 866.82 38.88

1993 94 1182.57 36.43

1994 95 1445.02 22.19

1995 96 1555.79 7.67

1996 97 2228.35 43.47

1997 98 2547.13 14.11

1998 99 3001.25 17.83

1999 00 3781.94 26.01

2000 01 4019.98 6.29

2001 - 02 4349.41 8.19

2002 03 4859.83 11.74

2003 04 4583.75 5.68

2004 05 4912.12 7.21

2005 06 5686.09 15.83

2006 --07 6745.40 15.07


9/21

2007--08 7621.62 11.4

2008--09 8460.09 13.8

2009--10 9835.59 16.6

2.6 Contribution of the RMG Industry:

In terms of REAL GDP:

In terms of GDP, RMGs contribution is highly remarkable; it reaches 13 percent of

GDP which was only about 3 percent in FY91. This is a clear indication of the industrys

contribution to the overall economy. It also plays a pivotal role to promote the

development of other key sectors of the economy like banking, insurance, shipping, hotel,

tourism, road transportation, railway container services, etc.


10/21

There are about 2500 export oriented ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh those

are clustered over mainly Dhaka and Chittagong. Such distribution offers buyers

advantage to choose the right manufacturers and exporters, throughout the year, with

minimum effort. It is a huge surprise that the top foreign currency earner that earns

annually on average 76 per cent of the country's hard currencies from exports and

employs the greatest number of workers in the organized garments industrial sectors,

such a monolith should be shown no concern when the government's long awaited

package program for the recession hit export-oriented industries was unveiled last week.

It is, as if, the policy planners are obsessed about molehills while the mountain remains

ignored. Following is a chart to show the contribution of numerous industries in

Bangladesh:


11/21

Source:

Export

Promotion

Bureau,

Bangladesh

(Value in

Million US$)

FIGURE

Banking and Insurance

Growths of the RMG sector and the related activities have contributed a lot to the robust

growth of the financial sector in Bangladesh. In FY 2002 the banking sector earned about

37 million dollars from business with the RMG sector in the form of interest and charges

and L/C charges. More than one-tenth of the commercial banks asset portfolio belongs to

the RMG and textile sector in the country [Appendix table 2]. In FY 2001 commercial

banks lent Taka 4400 crore to the textile sector, while the amount lent to the woven-RMG

sector was Taka 812 crore. The export financing business of the commercial banks is

largely dependent on the textile and RMG sectors. The RMG sector received Taka 2175

crore as export-finance in FY 2001 which was 46.14% of the total export financing

portfolio of the banks. A World Bank7 survey revealed that almost all firms (98%) are

the clients of the commercial banks for working capital and procurement of machines and

equipment (57%).

The RMG sector has also contributed to the growth of the countrys insurance sector. On

average, every year the premium paid by the RMG sector to the insurance companies was

Year Product Export %

2008-09

RMG 12347.77 79.33

Frozen

Food

454.53 2.92

Tea 12.29 0.08

Raw Jute 148.17 0.95

Chemical

Product

421.58 2.71

Jute Goods 373.18 2.40

Leather 177.32 1.14

Agricultura

l Product

122.3 0.79

Others 1508.06 9.69

Total 15565.19 100.00


12/21

about 6 million dollars. All firms have their machines and plants insured and,

additionally, 87% of importers of input and 15% of the RMG exporters get their

imports/exports insured.

Shipping and Logistics

The RMG sector has contributed to the shipping business in Bangladesh and stimulated

setting up of several container yards, expansion of port facilities to handle large container

carrying trains, increase of cargo handling and storage facilities. RMG manufacturers

also extensively use services of Clearing & Forwarding Agents for the purpose of

customs clearance of inputs and finished goods. It is estimated that port usage fees earned

from the RMG sector account for more than 40% of the income of the port authority.

RMG sector contributed about US$65 million in FY2002 to earnings of the Shipping

business of the country by way of port charges, C&F Agents commissions, freight

charges, forwarding charges etc.

Transport Communication

The growth and development of inland transport services to a considerable extent owe to

the growth of the RMG industry. Both wheel transport service and railway service are

widely used by RMG sector for activities related to manufacturing and cargo movement.

The concept ofcovered van emerged in Bangladesh for safe transportation of the RMG

products in particular. In 2002 the inland transport industry received about 27.3 million

dollars as revenue from the RMG sector.

Contribution to Government Exchequer

The RMG sector contributes to the government exchequer both directly and indirectly. In

FY 2002 the sector paid 6.3 million dollars as stamp and postage, license renewal fee etc.

Payments made for visa form, license form, GSP form and other forms to the Export

Promotion Bureau amounted to 58.85 million dollars in FY2001 [See Appendix Table 6

and 7]. The sector also paid USD 2.4 million to the government as direct taxes in FY

2002.


13/21

Professional Services

The RMG sector extensively uses professional services from CA firms, legal agencies,

and business consultants. In FY 2002 total payment for professional services is estimated

at 3.61 million dollars.

Engineering Sector

The RMG industry paid 14.2 million dollars to the engineering sector which included

payments to repairing and maintenance service industry (USD 4.29 million), electrical

engineering (USD 4.38 million), transport vehicle maintenance service ( USD 2.87

Million), and machine tools service (USD 2.63 Million).

Utility Services

Payment of Electricity bill by the RMG industry is estimated to be 14.74 million dollars

in FY2002. Utility payments for gas, WASA etc. amounted to an additional 3.75 million

dollars.

Information and Communication Technology

The RMG sector also plays a catalytic role in the growth of the countrys ICT sector. The

services consumed by the RMG industry generated revenue for the ICT sector. Payments

for ICT services which include communication, hardware and software services is

estimated at 9.88 million dollars in FY 2002.

Real Estate

Demand for real estate development by the garment industry to accommodate offices and

factories of over 3400 garment units has generated a lot of activities in the Construction

Industry. The RMG industries paid approximately 26.24 million dollars as factory, office

and garage rent in FY 2002.


14/21

Hotel and Tourism

About 1000-1500 overseas apparel buyers and their representatives visit Bangladesh

every year for business purpose. In FY2002 the RMG industry created a business ofapproximately 4.42 million dollars for the countrys tourism industry.

Waste Recycling Industry

Approximately 0.2 million people are engaged in waste (mainly, the waste out prices of

fabrics) recycling industry of the country which get their materials from the RMG

industries. With these waste materials, they are making stuff toys, patterns, quilts,

cushions etc.

Emerging Consumer Market

The 1.6 million workers in the industry have created a large demand for consumer goods.

A regular source of earning increases the basic consumption needs such as improved diet,

better healthcare, improvements in family utensils and housing conditions etc. The sector

has created an increasing demand for consumption of low cost commodities, cosmetics

items, dresses, footwear, fast food and other products. A whole industry has been created

to service this growing demand and created employment opportunities for hundreds of

thousands of people.

2.7 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE RMG SECTOR

Women Empowerment

It is well recognized that womens participation in income generation activities lends

them a better status within the family and provides them with considerable freedom. A

job ensures equitable access to household resources (nutrition) and larger investment on

female human capital (health and education). .At present, this sector has created highest

employment opportunity in the country where nearly 2 million women are working.


15/21

As a result the distress, poor, divorced and suppressed women of the

country now dont think themselves as helpless.

Savings

Regular earning enables a large number of the garment workers to go for some savings.

Workers also get family pension schemes etc. Thus they create savings.

Child Labor

Bangladesh responded positively to the international requirement of elimination of child

labor from the garments sector. Under the Memorandum of Understanding jointly signed

by BGMEA, ILO, UNICEF and US Embassy, Dhaka on 4 July 1994, Bangladesh

pledged to eliminate child labor by November 1996. Accordingly, it took necessary

measures to do so. The laid-off children were provided financial support so that they

could attend schools until they attain the age of 15. BGMEA and some NGOs jointly

operate a number of schools for these children

Population Control

Employment opportunities especially for women created positive impact on family

planning and population control in the country. Independent working-women are getting

more conscious about the advantage of a small family, and they are adopting modern

family planning methods. Adolescent girls are working to avoid early marriage as they

have their own source of income and are self-dependent.

2.8 Problems Regarding With RMG:

The garment industry of Bangladesh has been the key export division and a main source

of foreign exchange for the last 25 years. National labor laws do not apply in the EPZs,

Leaving BEPZA in full control over work conditions, wages and benefits. Garment

Factories in Bangladesh provide employment to 40 percent of industrial workers. But

Without the proper laws the worker are demanding their various wants and as a result

Conflict is began with the industry, such as,


16/21

Low working salary is another vital fact which makes the labor conflict.

Worker made strike, layout to capture their demand. Some time bonus And the

overtime salary is the important cause of crisis

Insufficient government policy about this sector is a great problem in Garments

Company.

lack of marketing tactics

absence of easily on-hand middle management a small number of manufacturing

lack of training organizations for industrial workers, managers and supervisors,

managers, autocratic approach of nearly all the investors

fewer process units for textiles and garments

sluggish backward or forward blending procedure , incompetent ports entry/exit

complicated and loading/unloading takes much time

time-consuming custom

2.9 Safety Needs

Safety need for the worker is mandatory to maintain in all the organization. But without

The facility of this necessary product a lot of accident is occur incurred every year inMost of the company. Some important cause of the accident are given below-

Routes are blocked by storage materials

Machine layout is often staggered

Lack of signage for escape route

No provision for emergency lighting

Doors, opening along escape routes, are not fire resistant.

Doors are not self-closing and often do not open along the direction of escape.

Adequate doors as well as adequate staircases are not provided to aid quick exit

Fire exit or emergency staircase lacks proper maintenance

Lack of proper exit route to reach the place of safety

Parked vehicles, goods and rubbish on the outside of the building obstruct exits to the

open air


17/21

Fire in a Bangladesh factory is likely to spread quickly because the principle of

compartmentalization is practiced

Lack of awareness among the workers and the owners

But now the situation is much improved and we found, all the surveyed garments are

fulfilling the requirement of emergency exit. It is provided in all the cases, signage is

present and fire fighting equipments are up to date, a departure from the past. Even fire

drill is held once in a month.

2.10 Prospects of the RMG Industry

Despite many difficulties faced by the RMG industry over the past years, it continued to

show its robust performance and competitive strength. Factors like price competitiveness,

enhanced GSP facility, market and product diversification, cheap labor, increased

backward integration, high level of investment, and government support are among the

key factors that helped the country to continue the momentum in export earnings in the

apparel sector. Some of these elements are reviewed below:

Market Diversification

Bangladeshi RMG products are mainly destined to the US and EU. Back in 1996-97,

Bangladesh was the 7th and 5th largest apparel exporter to the USA and European Union

respectively. The industry was successful in exploring the opportunities in markets away

from EU and US. In FY07, a successful turnaround was observed in exports to third

countries, which having a negative growth in FY06 rose three-fold in FY07, which

helped to record 23.1 percent overall export growth in the RMG sector. It is anticipated

that the trend of market diversification will continue and this will help to maintain the

growth momentum of export earnings.


18/21

Product Diversification

In the globalize economy and ever-changing fashion world, product diversification is the

key to continuous business success. It is clear that value addition accrues mostly in the

designer items, and the sooner local entrepreneurs can catch on to this trend the brighter

be the RMG future.

Backward Integration

RMG industry in Bangladesh has already proved itself to be a resilient industry and can

be a catalyst for further industrialization in the country. If Bangladesh wants to enjoy

increased market access created by the global open market economy it has no alternative

but to produce textile items competitively at home through the establishment of backward

linkage with the RMG industry.

Flow of Investment

It is important to have significant flow of investment both in terms of finance and

technology. However further progress would be necessary to improve and sustain

competitiveness on a global scale.

Policy Regime of Government

Government of Bangladesh has played an active role in designing policy support to the

RMG sector that includes back-to-back L/C, bonded warehouse, cash incentives, export

credit guarantee scheme, tax holiday and related facilities. The reduced tax rates and

other facilities are likely to have a positive impact on the RMG sector.

Labor Productivity

In Bangladesh, the garment workers are mostly women with little education and training.

Bangladesh must look for ways to improve the productivity of its labor force if it wants to

compete regionally if not globally.

Research and Training

The country has no dedicated research institute related to the apparel sector. RMG is

highly fashion oriented and constant market research is necessary to become successful in

the business. A facilitating public sector role can be very relevant here.


19/21

2.11 Challenges of RMG Industry:

Both external and internal factors contributed to the phenomenal growth of RMG sector.

One external factor was the application of the GATT-approved Multifibre Arrangement

(MFA) which accelerated international relocation of garment production. Under MFA,

large importers of RMG like USA and Canada imposed quota restrictions, which limited

export of apparels from countries like Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan,

Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and India to USA and Canada. On the other

hand, application of MFA worked as a blessing for Bangladesh. As a least developed

country, Bangladesh received preferential treatment from the USA and European Union

(EU). Initially Bangladesh was granted quota-free status. To maintain competitive edge

in the world markets, the traditionally large suppliers/producers of apparels followed a

strategy of relocating RMG factories in countries, which were free from quota restrictions

and at the same time had enough trainable cheap labour. They found Bangladesh as a

promising country. So RMG industry grew in Bangladesh. The application of MFA had

negative impact on many garments exporting countries. The countries, which were

adversely affected by quotas under MFA, created pressure to discontinue MFA by

integrating textile and clothing industries into GATT system. As a result, the Uruguay

Round negotiations envisaged the phasing out of MFA by the end of 2004. With the

phasing out of MFA, the position of Bangladesh in the world market will change as all

countries including those under quota restrictions, will enjoy quota free status.

Bangladesh will have to compete with a larger number of established and powerful

suppliers of readymade garments. Bangladesh has taken some steps to face the new

challenges. Such steps include removing infrastructural bottlenecks, building additional

supply capacity, use of cost reduction strategy, and increase in value-addition through

backward integration.

03. Conclusion:

Garments industry operators in Bangladesh are feared of the present situation. The

regaining of this competitiveness involves the government extending an adequate

package program of assistance to the garments sector at the soonest. Much harm has been

already caused to this sector from not extending such assistance to it a lot earlier. But


20/21

there is still opportunity for government to limit damages in this sector by the earliest

announcement of a package program that should include at least ten per cent cash

assistance, withdrawal of value added tax (VAT), reduction of port charges, supply of

diesel at subsidized prices to run generators, decreasing interest rate on credits to a single

digit, allowing the rescheduling of classified loans on longer terms basis, etc.

Bibliography

Contribution of the RMG Sector to the Bangladesh Economy.www.cpd-

bangladesh.org. October, 2002. Retrieved on March 2 2010. http://www.cpd-

bangladesh.org/publications/op/op50.pdf

Future Prospects of Bangladeshs Ready-Made Garments Industry

www.bangladesh-bank.org. September 2006. Retrieved on March 3 2010http:// www.bangladesh -bank.org/research/ policy note/pn0702.pdf

The RMG sector of Bangladesh and its female workers www.bgwinfo.net.

January, 2002. Retrieved on March 3 2010

http://www.bgwinfo.net/reports/The_RMG_Sector_of_Bangladesh_and_Its_Fema

le_Workers_Awaiti.pdf

Garments Industry in Bangladeshwww.tourtobangladesh.com March, 2005.

Retrieved on March 3 2010http://www.tourtobangladesh.com/Garments-Industry-

in-Bangladesh.php

Majumder Pratima Paul and Binayak Sen, ed., (July 2001): Growth of Garment

Industry in Bangladesh: Economic and Social Dimensions, Bangladesh Institute

of Development Studies, Dhaka.
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.plex?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpd-bangladesh.org%2Fpublications%2Fop%2Fop50.pdf;h=repec:pdb:opaper:50http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.plex?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpd-bangladesh.org%2Fpublications%2Fop%2Fop50.pdf;h=repec:pdb:opaper:50http://www.bgwinfo.net/reports/The_RMG_Sector_of_Bangladesh_and_Its_Female_Workers_Awaiti.pdfhttp://www.bgwinfo.net/reports/The_RMG_Sector_of_Bangladesh_and_Its_Female_Workers_Awaiti.pdfhttp://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.plex?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpd-bangladesh.org%2Fpublications%2Fop%2Fop50.pdf;h=repec:pdb:opaper:50http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.plex?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpd-bangladesh.org%2Fpublications%2Fop%2Fop50.pdf;h=repec:pdb:opaper:50http://www.bgwinfo.net/reports/The_RMG_Sector_of_Bangladesh_and_Its_Female_Workers_Awaiti.pdfhttp://www.bgwinfo.net/reports/The_RMG_Sector_of_Bangladesh_and_Its_Female_Workers_Awaiti.pdf


21/21

Sobhan Rehman and Nasreen Khundker, ed., (2001): Globalisation and Gender,

Changing Patterns of Womans Employment in Bangladesh, Centre for Policy

Dialogue, University Press Limited, Dhaka.

Spinanger Dean, (September, 2000): The WTO, ATC and Textiles and Clothing in

a Global Perspective: Whats in it for Bangladesh? Background Paper prepared

by the Centre for Trade Policy and Law (CTPL) for Dialogue on Implementation

of WTO ATC: Current Status and Implications for Bangladesh, held on Sept 30,

2000, Dhaka (Unpublished).

Rahman Shamsur and A K M Atiqur Rahman, 2001, Development of Backward

Linkage Industry in the Textile Sector: Promises and Achievements Paper

presented at the TexBangla Seminar held on May 28, 2001.

Azad. A K. (2000), Inter Industry Linkages of Services in the Bangladesh

Economy (With a Case Study of the Ready-made Garments Industry) And

Potential Service Trade.

Haarlem, Rijk van & Jose, San (2001), The BGMEA/ILO/UNICEF Child

Labour Project in the Garment Industry, Bangladesh A presentation during the

symposium Child Labour & the Globalizing Economy: Lessons from

Asia/Pacific Countries, Stanford University, California.

Chowdhury A Matin (2002), BTMA Presentation on Post MFA, Powerpoint

presented by BTMA at a seminar held on July 27 2002 at Hotel Sheraton Dhaka.

http://www.bgmea.com.bd/

http://www.bkmea.com/

http://www.epb.gov.bd/

http://www.bbs.gov.bd/

http://www.epzbangladesh.org.bd/

http://www.nbr-bd.org/

http://www.fbcci-bd.org/

http://www.bdgarments.wordpress.com/history/

http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshi_RMG_Sector

ready-made-garments-rmg-indystry-and-its-contribution-in-bangladesh-economy.doc

Documents