Quotation, Quotation, Paraphrase, Paraphrase, Summary, Summary, PlagiarismPlagiarism

How to ProperlyHow to Properly

Use and Cite SourcesUse and Cite Sources

DefinitionsDefinitions Quotation:Quotation:

Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed in quotation marksin quotation marks

Paraphrase:Paraphrase: Reproduces the content of the original in your own Reproduces the content of the original in your own

wordswords Summary:Summary:

A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the principle points of the originalprinciple points of the original

Plagiarism:Plagiarism: Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or

summarysummary

Integrating Quotation, Paraphrase, Integrating Quotation, Paraphrase, SummarySummary

Always introduce quotations, Always introduce quotations, paraphrases and summariesparaphrases and summaries

Use an introductory phrase with the Use an introductory phrase with the name of the author includedname of the author included

Example:Example: In In Letters from AmericaLetters from America, Rupert Brooke , Rupert Brooke

characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely British city having the usual urban British city having the usual urban mixture of wealth and poverty (80).mixture of wealth and poverty (80).

Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation QQuote accuratelyuote accurately::

RReproduceproducee the quotation exactly ― including its the quotation exactly ― including its spelling, capitalization, and punctuationspelling, capitalization, and punctuation

If you omit or change anything, indicate the If you omit or change anything, indicate the changes changes [ ] if you change a word/phrase[ ] if you change a word/phrase … … (with a space before and after) if you omit a (with a space before and after) if you omit a

word/phrase)word/phrase) YYou may omit or change the concluding ou may omit or change the concluding

punctuation to fit the quotation into your own punctuation to fit the quotation into your own sentencesentence

Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation SShort quotations (less than 4 lines of your hort quotations (less than 4 lines of your

essay) essay) go go in quotation marks and in quotation marks and are are includeincludedd in in the body of the body of your textyour text

When quoting more than one line of When quoting more than one line of verse, use a slash (/) with a space before verse, use a slash (/) with a space before and after to mark the line endings: and after to mark the line endings: ““Five years have passed; five summers, with Five years have passed; five summers, with

the length / Of five long winters” the length / Of five long winters” (Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2).(Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2).

Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation

When quoting a prose passage of more than When quoting a prose passage of more than three lines, start a new line and indent from three lines, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your the left margin double what you indent your paragraphparagraph

Do not indent right marginDo not indent right margin Double space the quotation (as you are the Double space the quotation (as you are the

entire essay) but do not add quotation marks entire essay) but do not add quotation marks that are not part of the quotation itselfthat are not part of the quotation itself

After the quotation leave 2 spaces before After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citationthe citation

Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation

After the quotation leave 2 spaces beforeAfter the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation:the citation:

None of them knew the colour of the None of them knew the colour of the

sky. Their eyes glanced level, and sky. Their eyes glanced level, and

were fastened upon the waves that were fastened upon the waves that

swept toward them. swept toward them. (Crane, “The (Crane, “The

Open Boat” 918)Open Boat” 918)

Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation When quoting more than three lines of verse, When quoting more than three lines of verse,

start a new line and indent from the left margin start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraphdouble what you indent your paragraph

Do not indent right marginDo not indent right margin Double-space the quotation (as you are the Double-space the quotation (as you are the

entire essay)entire essay) Preserve the original line endings and the Preserve the original line endings and the

original spatial arrangement of the lines as much original spatial arrangement of the lines as much as possibleas possible

If the passage begins in the middle of a line, If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that waytype it that way

Rules for QuotationRules for QuotationIf the passage begins in the middle of a line, type If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way:it that way:

These beauteous forms,These beauteous forms,

Through a long absence, have not been Through a long absence, have not been

to meto me

As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye:As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye:

But oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the dinBut oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the din

Of towns and cities, I have owed to themOf towns and cities, I have owed to them

In hours of weariness, sensations sweet… In hours of weariness, sensations sweet… (“Tintern Abbey” 22-27)(“Tintern Abbey” 22-27)

Rules for ParaphraseRules for Paraphrase

Give clear credit to the source at Give clear credit to the source at the beginning of the paraphrasethe beginning of the paraphrase

Paraphrase will usually be a little Paraphrase will usually be a little shorter than the original, but need shorter than the original, but need not benot be

Rules for ParaphraseRules for Paraphrase

Do not use significant words and Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marksputting them in quotation marks

If using three or more words in a If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarismplagiarism

Rules for SummaryRules for Summary

Give clear credit to the source either at Give clear credit to the source either at the beginning of the summary or in the the beginning of the summary or in the end citationend citation

Do not use significant words and Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marksputting them in quotation marks

If using three or more words in a row If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarismmarks; not to do so is plagiarism