1

105

2007.022011.072016.10

complex

systematic analysis of cations

atomic absorption spectrophotometer

Hg22+Ag+Pb2+ HCl(aq) 6 M HCl(aq) Hg2Cl2AgCl PbCl2

Hg2+Pb2+Cu2+Bi3+Cd2+As3+Sb3+Sn4+ pH 0.5 H2S S2- Ksp HgSPbSCuSBi2S3CdSAs2S3Sb2S3SnS2 Ksp Zn2+Ni2+

2

Al3+Fe3+Co2+Ni2+Cr3+Zn2+Mn2+ H2S(aq) S2-Ksp ZnSNiSCoSMnS Al3+Fe3+Cr3+

Mg2+Ca2+Sr2+Ba2+ IIA (NH4)2CO3/NH4Cl/NH3

Na+K+NH4+

Hg22+Ag+Pb2+ HCl(aq)Hg2Cl2AgCl PbCl2 PbCl2(s) AgCl(s) Hg2Cl2(s) AgCl(s) Hg2Cl2(s)AgCl(s)[Ag(NH3)2]+ 1 Hg2Cl2(s) HgNH2Cl(s) Hg(l) 2 Ag+ Hg22+

AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (1)

Hg2Cl2(s) + 2NH3(aq) Hg(l) + HgNH2Cl(s) + NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (2)

5

10

Ag+silver nitrateAgNO3Hg22+mercury(I) nitrate

Hg2(NO3)22H2OPb2+lead(II) nitratePb(NO3)2

6 M hydrochloric acid, HCl0.5 M potassium chromate

3

K2CrO46 M acetic acidCH3COOH6 M nitric acidHNO3

ammonia water15 M NH3(aq)

4

1-1

1.

2 Hg22+2 Ag+ 3 Pb2+

2.

1 6 M HCl 12 1 6 M HCl

1PbCl2

2 2~3

3.

1-1 1-1 1 6 M HCl

4. 1 6 M HCl 10 1-1 1-1

1-2 1.

5 1-1

1-2

PbCl2(s)

5

1-3

1.

1-2 1 6 M CH3COOH 1 0.5 M K2CrO4 Pb2+

CH3COOH CuCrO4 (BiO)2CrO4 Ksp(PbCrO4 ) = 2.810-13

Ksp(CuCrO4) = 3.610-6

2.

1-1 K2CrO4 2~3

Pb2+

1-4

1. 1-1 Pb2+ 1-2

2.

1-2 24 15 M

1-3 1-3HgNH2Cl(s) Hg0(l) Hg22+

Pb2+ Pb(OH)2(s)

1-5 1.

6 M HNO3 1-3

Ag+

HgNH2Cl(s) + Hg0(l)

6

1-6

1.

2.

1. King, E. J. Qualitative Analysis and Electrolytic Solutions; Harcourt, Brace: New York, 1976.

2. 1989 213

3. 1985 115

4. 1989 1097

Pb Hg Ag