project quality management
TRANSCRIPT
From PMBOK 4th Edition
Quality Management
• Quality management is focused not only on product or service quality, but also the means to achieve it.
• Quality management therefore uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality.
• Project quality management includes the processes and activities that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken
Quality Management
Quality Management recognize importance of:
• Customer Satisfaction.
• Prevention over inspection.
• Management Responsibility
• Continuous Improvement
Quality Management
Quality Management
Understand the difference between
Grade
Quality
Gradeis a category assignedto products having thesame functional use butdifferent technicalcharacteristics.
Qualityis the degree to which aset of inherentcharacteristics fulfillrequirements.
• A product can be of high quality (no obvious defects) and low grade (a limited number of features),
• or of low quality (many defects) and high grade (numerous features).
Understand the difference between
Accuracy
Precision
AccuracyAccuracy means thatthe measured valuesare very close to thetrue value(degree of closeness to
true value).
PrecisionPrecision means thevalues of repeatedmeasurements areclustered and have littlescatter (show the same results
under the same conditions).
• Precise measurements are not necessarily accurate.
• A very accurate measurement is not necessarily precise.
Understand the difference between
Effectiveness
Efficiency
EffectivenessEffectiveness is a qualitymetrics meaning howgood something is done.
For example "No. of bugsidentified by a tester in agiven feature / Total no. ofbugs identified by customer inthat feature".This explains how tests areeffective in identifying bugs.
Efficiencya productivity metricsmeaning how fastsomething can be done.
For example "No. of line ofcode per day a developercan write". This explains how efficient(i.e. fast) the developer inApplication developing.
• Efficiency focuses on the process or “means”
• Effectiveness focuses on the end result.
Quality Management Processes
Quality AssuranceAuditing requirements
and measurements results
Quality Planning
Quality Management
Identifying quality standards & requirements
Quality ControlMonitoring results to assess
performance
Quality Management Processes
Quality AssuranceAuditing requirements
and measurements results
Quality Planning
Quality Management
Identifying quality standards & requirements
Quality ControlMonitoring results to assess
performance
Processes Interaction
These processes interact with processes in other knowledge areas and each process can involve efforts from one or more person or groups based on project requirements.
Inputs Tools and Techniques
Outputs
Process
Plan Quality Process
Plan Quality Process
Inputs Scope base Line
Scope statement: Project description, deliverables, acceptance criteria.Work Breakdown Structure.
Stakeholder RegisterStakeholders with particular interests in, or impact on quality.
Cost Performance & Schedule BaselineCost performance & schedule performance measures.
Risk RegisterThreats and opportunities impact quality requirements.
Enterprise Environmental FactorsGovernmental regulations, rules, standards, working conditions, …. etc.
Organizational Process AssetsQuality polices/procedures, lessons learned.
Q MPlan
Qua
lity
Inputs
Plan Quality Process
Tools & Techniques Cost – Benefit Analysis
Comparing the cost of the quality step to the expected benefit.
Cost of Quality (COQ)Costs over the product life cycle by investment in preventing non-conformance to requirements
Benchmarking, Flowcharting & Control ChartsCharts with control limits to determine whether a process has predictable performance issue. And comparing practices to other projects.
Design of ExperimentsStatistical method to determine the number and type of tests and their impact on costs and quality.
Statistical SamplingChoosing part of a population for inspection
Quality Management MethodologiesSix Sigma, CMMI, etc...
Additional Quality Planning ToolBrainstorming, Affinity Diagrams, Force field analysis, Matrix Diagrams
Q MPlan
Qua
lity
Inputs
Tools
Outputs
Plan Quality Process
Outputs Quality Management Plan
How the project management team will implement the quality policy.
Quality MetricsDefinitions describe a project attributes and how quality control will measure it. e.g. on-time performance, budget control, defect frequency, failure rate, availability, reliability
Quality ChecklistsVerifying that a set of required steps has been performed.
Process Improvement PlanAnalyzing processes to identify activities need enhancement(Boundaries, Configuration, metrics, Targets)
Project Document UpdatesStakeholder register and responsibility assignment Matrix
Q MPlan
Qua
lity
Inputs
Tools
Outputs Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Process Improvement Plan Project Document Updates
Perform Quality Assurance Process
Perform Quality Assurance Process
Inputs Project Management Plan
Including Quality management plan + Process improvement plan
Quality Metrics (Output from Planning Process)Definitions describe a project attributes and how quality control will measure it. e.g. on-time performance, budget control, defect frequency, failure rate, availability, reliability
Work Performance InformationPerformance information collected from the activities to support auditing
Quality Control MeasurementsThe results of quality control activities and used to analyze and evaluate the quality standards.
Inputs
Q M
Quality Assurance
Perform Quality Assurance Process
Tools & Techniques Plan Quality Tools
Also be used for quality assurance
Quality Audits A structured, independent review to determine whether project activities comply with policies processes, and procedures.They may be scheduled or random and may be conducted by internal or external auditors.
Process AnalysisIdentify problems/causes, examines constrains and non-value-added activities.Follows the steps in the process improvement plan.
Inputs
Tools
Outputs
Q M
Quality Assurance
Perform Quality Assurance Process
Outputs Process Assets Updates
Elements of the organizational process assets that may be updated.
Change RequestsCreated and used allow full consideration of the recommended improvements.Change requests can be used to take corrective action or preventive action.
Project Management Plan UpdatesMay update Quality, Schedule or Cost Management Plans.
Project Document UpdatesUpdates quality audit reports, training plans and process documentation.
Inputs
Tools
Outputs Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Process Improvement Plan Project Document Updates
Q M
Quality Assurance
Perform Quality Control Process
Perform Quality Control Process
Inputs Project Management Plan
Including the quality management plan to describe how quality control will be performed
Quality Metrics (Output from Planning Process)Definitions describe a project attributes and how quality control will measure it. e.g. on-time performance, budget control, defect frequency, failure rate, availability, reliability
Quality Checklists (Output from Planning Process)Tools used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.
Work Performance measurementsMetrics to evaluate planned vs. actual for (Technical, Schedule and Cost ) performance
Approved Change RequestsTimely implementation of approved changes needs to be verified
Process AssetsIncluding: Quality standards and policies, work guidelines and Issue and defect reporting proceduresInputs
Q MQ M
Quality Control
Perform Quality Control Process
Tools & Techniques Cause and Effect Diagrams
illustrate how factors linked to problems or effects
Control Chartsillustrate how a process behaves over time. “Is the process variance within acceptable limits?”
Flowcharting & DiagramsDetermine a falling process steps, identify improvement opportunities, illustrates the cause of problem, how many defects were generated by type of causes
Statistical SamplingSamples are selected and tested as defined in the quality plan.
InspectionThe examination of a work product to determine whether it conforms to documented standards.
Approved Change Requests Review
Inputs
Tools
Outputs
Q MQ M
Quality Control
Perform Quality Control Process
Outputs Quality Control Measurements
Documented results of quality control activities.
Validated ChangesChanged items are inspected and accepted or rejected.
Validated DeliverablesThis is the goal of quality control
Process Assets UpdatesSuch as Completed checklists and lessons learned
Change RequestsIf a corrective or preventive action requires a change, a change request should be initiated.
Project Management Plan UpdatesIncluding the quality management and process improvement plans
Project document Updates including the quality standards.
Inputs
Tools
Outputs Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Process Improvement Plan Project Document Updates
Q MQ M
Quality Control
