product information and traceability / product tracing
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Module 3.6. Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing. To make stakeholders aware that adequate product information is required to ensure food product safety and suitability To update stakeholders on international discussions on traceability of foods in international trade - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Good Hygiene Practices along the coffee chain
Product Information and Traceability / Product
Tracing
Module 3.6
Slide 2 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Objectives
To make stakeholders aware that adequate product information is required to ensure food product safety and suitability
To update stakeholders on international discussions on traceability of foods in international trade
To make stakeholders aware of what product information should be provided in the marketing of green coffee
Slide 3 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Outline
General concepts of product information and product tracing in the food sector
What is traceability and how is it being applied to food trade internationally?
Transfer of product information along the coffee marketing chain At the point of export In local marketing
Slide 4 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Product information and product tracing
Need for product information along the food chain Ensure adequate information being available to next person
in the chain to allow them to handle, store, process, prepare and display the product safely and correctly.
Ensure batch/lot can be easily identified and recalled if necessary.
Long-standing international agreement on product information and food labelling requirements Codex General Principles of Food Hygiene Codex General Standard for the Labelling of Pre-packaged
Foods
Product information not always related to hygiene issues – also related to general quality considerations
Slide 5 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Food product marketing and labelling
Lot identification ‘Lot’ means ‘...a definitive quantity of a commodity produced
essentially under the same conditions’ Lot identification is essential in product recall and also helps
stock rotation Product labelling
For pre-packaged foods, the Codex General Standard for the labelling of pre-packaged foods applies (Codex Stan 1-1985 (Rev. 1-1991))
National food labelling standards are generally harmonised with the international Codex standard
Labelling of green coffee for export is governed by the rules of the ICO certificate of country of origin
Slide 6 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Codex and traceability
Discussion of ‘traceability’ at international level is relatively recent
Codex definition of traceability / product tracing ‘...the ability to follow the movement of a food through
specified stages of production, processing and distribution’
Some Codex texts make reference to ‘traceability / product tracing’
Principles for risk analysis of foods derived from modern biotechnology
Code of practice for good animal feeding Code of practice for fish and fish products
Slide 7 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
EU regulation on traceability
Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 Definition ‘…the ability to trace and follow a food, feed, food-
producing animal or substance intended to be, or expected to be incorporated into a food or feed, through all stages of production, processing and distribution.’
Article 18, Paragraph 2 ‘Food business operators shall be able to identify any person from whom they have been supplied with a food or any substance intended to be, or expected to be, incorporated into a food.To this end, such operators shall have in place systems and procedures which allow for this information to be made available to the competent authorities on demand.’
Slide 8 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
EU regulation on traceability
Article 18, Paragraph 3 ‘Food business operators shall have in place systems and procedures to identify the other business to which their products have been supplied. This information shall be made available to the competent authorities on demand.’
‘One Step Up / One Step Down’ approach
Reference:Regulation (EC) No 178/2002
Slide 9 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Traceability / product tracing in the coffee sector
Why are some stakeholders in the coffee sector interested in being updated on international discussions on traceability / product tracing? Most of the coffee produced is traded internationally Rules of international trade are germane to the coffee sector
Key characteristics of the coffee sector Annual global production amounts to ~ 7 million tons green
coffee/year Over 75% is exported to consuming countries About 95% of export is in the form of green coffee Most green coffee is exported in 20 ton containers, either in
bulk or in bags About ¾ of world coffee production is by smallholders in about
60 different tropical countries
Slide 10 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Information required forexport of green coffee
Official documentation / marking required to accompany coffee exports (in bags and / or sealed containers)
ICO Certificates of Country of Origin Prescribed format to be duly stamped by customs Specifying: exporter, producing country, port, country
of destination, unique ICO identification mark (also on bags) and description of coffee
Copies of documents to be sent to ICOReferences:
ICO-document: EB 3775/01Coffee: An exporter’s guide (ITC-UNCTAD-WTO, Geneva 2002)
Slide 11 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Coffee quality and safety:significance of ICO certification
ICO minimum standards for exportable coffee Arabicas: less than 86 defects per 300 g (NY-
classification/Brazilian method) Robustas: less than 150 defects per 300 g
(Vietnam/Indonesian classification) Moisture between 8 and 12.5% (w/w) No issue of Certificate of Origin in case of non-
compliance
Other product information is commonly required as part of commercial contracts
Reference: ICO document: ICC Resolutions 407/02 and 420
Slide 12 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Product information: coffee grade markings
A variety of coffee grading systems exist in different coffee-producing countries
Harmonization of grading systems would enhance transparency and facilitate trade
Relevant international grades/ grading systems for visual defects include: ICO minimum quality standards for exportable
coffee (ICO Resolutions 407 and 420) ISO Green Coffee Defect Reference Chart
Slide 13 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
ISO green coffee defect reference chart
ISO 10470:2004 defines defects into 5 categories independent of Arabica/Robusta: Foreign matter, non-bean coffee matter,
irregular formed beans, irregular visual appearance and off-taste coffee
Rates them with respect to loss of mass and sensorial concern
Application example is included
Can be used to specify terms of purchasing contracts between trading parties
Slide 14 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Product information:EU commercial requirements
‘European Contract for Coffee’ (E.C.C.) defines arrangements for transfer of green coffee from exporter/seller to buyer concerning: Weight Packing Quality Samples Freight Port of Destination
Shipment On-carriage Advice of Shipment Insurance Shipping Documents Payment Claims and
ArbitrationLink: www.ecf-coffee.org
Slide 15 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Product information:US commercial requirements
‘Green Coffee Association (of New York) Contracts’ are digitized (available in XML language format from GCA)
They define Contract Type (FCA/FOB/CFR/CIF/DAF) Weighing (when, where, by whom) Quantity and Packaging Position, Period and Tender Quality (a.o. country of origin, max. moisture)
They have as particular item the ‘no pass no sale’ clause for the obligatory FDA sanitation check
References:www.green-coffee-assoc.org
FDA/NCA booklet: ‘Health and Safety in theImportation of Green Coffee into the United States’
Price Contracting Parties Delivery and Payment
Slide 16 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Product information flow in theinternal marketing of coffee
ICO resolutions/ formal contracts/ other agreements define minimum characteristics and info at specific points in the coffee chain.
Prevention of contamination must involve all participants at all points of the chain
Following marketing chain diagrams show that coffee flows are quite complex and variable – this complicates the transfer of product information along the chain
Slide 17 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Indonesia robusta marketing
Slide 18 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Kenya coffee marketing
Farmers(Co-operatives)
Co-operative Factories
Co-operative Societies
Estate Farmers
Millers(3 commercial and 4 private)
Marketing Agents
Nairobi Coffee Exchange (= Auction)
Coffee Dealers
Exporters
Slide 19 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Obstacles to product informationflow in the internal marketing of
coffee
Extreme resource limitations for upstream operators to maintain documentation/ record keeping systems
There is much pooling of coffee at the levels from small traders down to the mill – difficult to maintain product history in mainstream marketing
Traceability upstream of the mill, in most cases, is practically impossible
Slide 20 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
What can we know about coffeein internal marketing chains?
National regulations may stipulate ‘allowed’ product characteristics (max. moisture, max. residence time in marketing chain, facility requirements, handling requirements, etc.)
National competent authorities often do not have the capacity to enforce regulations
‘Actual’ product characteristics may not meet ‘allowed’ values
According to the characteristics of the marketing chain, national authorities can determine meaningful and practicable documentation/ record keeping at various stages of the chain
Slide 21 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Main strategy in preventing contamination
Main assurance of acceptable quality of coffee comes through promoting good practises
Training and awareness-raising to all stakeholders Creating incentives and suitable policy environment
Buyers’ stipulation of minimum quality requirements and identification of acceptable suppliers is an effective way of ‘knowing your product’
Many buying schemes link trained farmers to large traders or exporters
Training of many exporters is based on the European Coffee Federation Code of Practice
Slide 22 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Product information flow in‘specialty’ coffee marketing
There are strict product information requirements for many specialty coffees
Premium quality single origins Organic Fair trade Sustainable production, etc
Mechanisms for maintaining systems of documentation and record keeping are possible in the coffee chain under certain conditions (small proportion of market volume / substantial price incentives)
Slide 23 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Summary
Several official documents, standards and contracts define product characteristics and info at specific points in the coffee chain
Adequate product information is required throughout entire chain to ensure food safety
National authorities should establish ‘appropriate’ requirements for documentation and record keeping in local coffee chain
Slide 24 Module 3.6 – Product Information and Traceability / Product Tracing
Summary
Identification of ‘approved suppliers’ by economic operators in the coffee chain can help in achieving quality and safety goals
EU regulation requires ‘One step up / One step down’ traceability
Exported lots are in principle traceable backward as far as the mill for most mainstream coffee marketing