PROC TABULATE in Action

Susan SepanikNew York Area SAS Users GroupJune 23, 2009

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Topics

What is PROC TABULATE?Why use PROC TABULATE?PROC TABULATE SyntaxPROC TABULATE ExampleAdditional Resources

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What is PROC TABULATE?PROC TABULATE generates customized

tables of descriptive statistics

It creates many of the same statistics as PROC MEANS and PROC FREQ

But, you can:Decide what goes in the rows and columnsDo analysis on several variables in one tableDecide how you want to classify variablesFormat it all into a ready-to-present table

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Why use PROC TABULATE?

To examine raw dataChecking counts and simple descriptive data in easy-to-read tables

To present data internallyAnswer specific analysis questions for a colleague or meeting

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Sample DataOriginal Data Set (abbreviated):

STUDID SCHOOL YEAR ATTRATE TSCORE TMISS

1 School A 2005 0.95 655 0

1 School A 2006 0.97 673 0

2 School B 2005 0.87 565 0

2 School B 2006 0.85 . 1

3 School C 2005 0.82 503 0

3 School B 2006 0.89 501 0

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Analysis Questions

1.Do we have the correct number of students per school and school year?

2.Does any school have particularly high or low test scores in a given year?

3.Does any school or school year have particularly high levels of missing test scores?

4.Are the attendance rates at each school for each year what we would expect?

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Getting Started

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PROC TABULATE Syntax

PROC TABULATE DATA = dataset;VAR analysis-variable-list;CLASS classification-variable-list;TABLE page-dimension,

row-dimension, column-dimension;

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Simple PROC TABULATEPROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;

CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;TABLE SCHOOL, YEAR;

YEAR

2005 2006

N N

SCHOOL

3.00 3.00School A

School B 3.00 4.00

School C 4.00 3.00

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Adding a New Variable: Syntax(TSCORE)

PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;VAR TSCORE;CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;

TABLE SCHOOL, YEAR*N YEAR*TSCORE*MEAN;

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Adding a New Variable: Output(TSCORE)

YEAR YEAR

2005 2006

2005 2006 TSCORE TSCORE

N N Mean Mean

SCHOOL

3.00 3.00 574.00 619.00School A

School B 3.00 4.00 527.00 533.67

School C 4.00 3.00 597.33 605.67

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Adding Total: Syntax(ALL)

PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;VAR TSCORE;CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;TABLE SCHOOL ALL, YEAR*(N TSCORE*MEAN);

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Adding Total: Output(ALL)

YEAR

2005 2006

N TSCORE N TSCORE

Mean Mean

SCHOOL

3.00 574.00 3.00 619.00School A

School B 3.00 527.00 4.00 533.67

School C 4.00 597.33 3.00 605.67

All 10.00 571.00 10.00 582.00

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Adding New Statistics: Syntax(PCTN, NMISS)

PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;VAR TSCORE;CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;

TABLE SCHOOL ALL, YEAR*(N COLPCTN TSCORE*(MEAN NMISS));

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Adding New Statistics: Output(PCTN, NMISS)

YEAR

2005 2006

N ColPctN TSCORE N ColPctN TSCORE

Mean NMiss Mean NMiss

SCHOOL

3.00 30.00 574.00 0.00 3.00 30.00 619.00 1.00School A

School B 3.00 30.00 527.00 1.00 4.00 40.00 533.67 1.00

School C 4.00 40.00 597.33 1.00 3.00 30.00 605.67 0.00

All 10.00 100.00 571.00 2.00 10.00 100.00 582.00 2.00

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Changing Columns and Rows(A New Sketch)

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Changing Columns and Rows: Syntax

PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;VAR TSCORE;CLASS YEAR SCHOOL;

TABLE YEAR*(SCHOOL ALL),N PCTN<SCHOOL ALL> TSCORE*(MEAN NMISS);

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Changing Columns and Rows: Output

N PctN TSCOREMean NMiss

YEAR SCHOOL

3.00 30.00 574.00 0.002005 School ASchool B 3.00 30.00 527.00 1.00

School C 4.00 40.00 597.33 1.00

All 10.00 100.00 571.00 2.00

2006 SCHOOL

3.00 30.00 619.00 1.00School ASchool B 4.00 40.00 533.67 1.00

School C 3.00 30.00 605.67 0.00

All 10.00 100.00 582.00 2.00

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Adding More Variables: Syntax(TMISS ATTRATE)

PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;VAR TSCORE TMISS ATTRATE;CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;

TABLE YEAR*(SCHOOL ALL),N PCTN<SCHOOL ALL> TSCORE*MEAN TMISS*MEAN ATTRATE*MEAN;

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Adding More Variables: Output(TMISS ATTRATE)

N PctN TSCORE TMISS ATTRATE

Mean Mean Mean

YEAR SCHOOL

3.00 30.00 574.00 0.00 0.922005 School A

School B 3.00 30.00 527.00 0.33 0.68

School C 4.00 40.00 597.33 0.25 0.82

All 10.00 100.00 571.00 0.20 0.81

2006 SCHOOL

3.00 30.00 619.00 0.33 0.95School A

School B 4.00 40.00 533.67 0.25 0.90

School C 3.00 30.00 605.67 0.00 0.86

All 10.00 100.00 582.00 0.20 0.90

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Changing Headings: SyntaxRemoving unneeded headings:YEAR=' '

Changing headings:ATTRATE='Average Attendance Rate'

Changing or removing statistic headings:KEYLABEL N='Total Students' MEAN =' ';

Adding a table title:/BOX = 'Average Test Scores and Attendance Rates by School and Year';

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Changing Headings: SyntaxPROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;

VAR ATTRATE TSCORE TMISS;CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;

TABLE YEAR=' '*(SCHOOL=' ' ALL='All Schools'),N PCTN<SCHOOL ALL> TSCORE='Average Test Score'*MEANTMISS='Percentage Missing Test Scores'*MEANATTRATE='Average Attendance Rate'* MEAN

/BOX = ‘Average Test Scores and Attendance Rates by School and Year';

KEYLABEL N='Total Students' PCTN='Percentage of Students' MEAN =' ';

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Changing Headings: OutputAverage Test Scores and

Attendance Rates by School and Year

Total Students

Percentage of Students

Average Test Score

Percentage of Missing

Test Scores

Average Attendance

Rate

2005 School A 3.00 30.00 574.00 0.00 0.92

School B 3.00 30.00 527.00 0.33 0.68

School C 4.00 40.00 597.33 0.25 0.82

All Schools 10.00 100.00 571.00 0.20 0.81

2006 School A 3.00 30.00 619.00 0.33 0.95

School B 4.00 40.00 533.67 0.25 0.90

School C 3.00 30.00 605.67 0.00 0.86

All Schools 10.00 100.00 582.00 0.20 0.90

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Formatting Values: SyntaxFormatting all numeric cells:

FORMAT=12.0;

Formatting specific variables:*F=12.1 *F=PERCENT12.0

Specifying amount of spaces for all row headings:RTS=25

Creating your own formats:PROC FORMAT;

PICTURE PCTPIC LOW-HIGH =' 000%';RUN;

*F=PCTPIC.

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Formatting Values: Syntax

PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata FORMAT=12.0; VAR ATTRATE TSCORE TMISS; CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;

TABLE YEAR=' '*(SCHOOL=' ' ALL= 'All Schools'), N PCTN<SCHOOL ALL> *F=PCTPIC.TSCORE= 'Average Test Score' *F=12.1*MEAN TMISS='Percent Missing Test Scores'*MEAN*F=PERCENT12.0ATTRATE='Average Attendance Rate'*MEAN*F=PERCENT12.1

/BOX = 'Average Test Scores and Attendance Rates by School and Year' RTS=25;

KEYLABEL PCTN='Percent of Students' N='Total Students' MEAN=' ';

PROC FORMAT;PICTURE PCTPIC LOW-HIGH =' 000%';

RUN;

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Formatting Values: OutputAverage Test Scores

and Attendance Rates by School and Year

Total Students

Percent of Students

Average Test Score

Percent Missing Test

Scores

Average Attendance

Rate

2005 School A 3 30% 574.0 0% 92.3%

School B 3 30% 527.0 33% 67.7%

School C 4 40% 597.3 25% 81.5%

All Schools 10 100% 571.0 20% 80.6%

2006 School A 3 30% 619.0 33% 94.7%

School B 4 40% 533.7 25% 90.3%

School C 3 30% 605.7 0% 85.7%

All Schools 10 100% 582.0 20% 90.2%

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Creating an Excel File: Syntax

ODS HTML FILE = 'PROCTABULATE.XLS' STYLE = MINIMAL;PROC TABULATE DATA = schooldata;

VAR ATTRATE TSCORE TMISS; CLASS SCHOOL YEAR;

TABLE YEAR=' '*(SCHOOL=' ' ALL= 'All Schools'), (N PCTN<SCHOOL ALL> *F=PCTPIC.TSCORE= 'Average Test Score' *F=12.1*MEAN TMISS='Percent Missing Test Scores'*MEAN*F=PERCENT12.0

ATTRATE='Average Attendance Rate'*MEAN*F=PERCENT12.1) /BOX = 'Average Test Scores and Attendance Rates by School and Year' RTS=25; KEYLABEL PCTN='Percent of Students' N='Total Students' MEAN=' '; RUN;

ODS HTML CLOSE;

Creating an Excel File: Output

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Percent Missing Test Average AttendanceScores Rate

School A 3 30% 574 0% 92.30%School B 3 30% 527 33% 67.70%School C 4 40% 597.3 25% 81.50%

All Schools 10 100% 571 20% 80.60%School A 3 30% 619 33% 94.70%School B 4 40% 533.7 25% 90.30%School C 3 30% 605.7 0% 85.70%

All Schools 10 100% 582 20% 90.20%

Average Test Scores and Attendance Rates by School and Year

Total Students Percent of Students Average Test Score

2005

2006

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ConclusionPROC TABULATE generates customized tables of

descriptive statistics

You can format the output into ready-to-present Excel tables

The best way to create a table is:- Start simple with which variables you want in the

columns and rows- Add more statistics and variable relationships as

needed-Finish by formatting titles and values

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Additional resourcesBASE SAS 9.1.3 Procedures Guide, Volume 3

“Making Sense of PROC TABULATE (Updated for (SAS9)” by Jonas V. Bilenas, JP Morgan Chase Paper 230-2007http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/forum2007/230-2007.pdf

“Anyone Can Learn PROC TABULATE” by Lauren Haworth, Genentech, Inc. Paper 60-27www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi27/p060-27.pdf

PROC TABULATE by Example, by Lauren E. Haworth, SAS Institute Inc., 1999.

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Thank you!

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Appendix: Entire Original Data Set

STUDID SCHOOL YEAR ATTRATE TSCORE TMISS1 School A 2005 0.95 655 01 School A 2006 0.97 673 02 School B 2005 0.87 565 0

2 School B 2006 0.85 . 13 School C 2005 0.82 503 03 School B 2006 0.89 501 04 School A 2005 0.9 524 04 School A 2006 0.91 . 15 School B 2005 0.27 489 05 School B 2006 0.95 522 0

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Appendix: Entire Original Data Set (continued):

STUDID SCHOOL YEAR ATTRATE TSCORE TMISS6 School C 2006 0.88 495 0

7 School C 2005 0.77 669 07 School C 2006 0.73 690 08 School C 2005 0.99 620 08 School C 2006 0.96 632 0

9 School C 2005 0.68 . 110 School A 2005 0.92 543 010 School A 2006 0.96 565 0

11 School B 2005 0.89 . 111 School B 2006 0.92 578 0