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EDUCATION IN PROC TABULATE
Georg Morsing - SAS Institute
I EDUCATION IN PROC TABULATE II
258
Education in PROC TABULATE
II CONTENTS
l. Introduction
2. The TABLE statement
3. Calculations
4. Improvement of output
~. The table layout
6. The menu system
QUALIFICATIONS
Basic knowledge of:
- PROC step generally
- PROC FORMAT
- LABEL and FORMAT statements
No knowledge of:
- PROC TABULATE
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NECESSARY STATEMENTS
PROC TABULATE DATA= SASdataset
CLASS variable list
VAR variable list
TABLE variable/expression
II PARTITION OF VARIABLES: II
In PROC TABULATE it is necessary to characterize all variables to the SAS System:
CLASS variables:
VAR variables:
- grouped (discrete) variables
- numeric or character variables
- examples: area code year quarter
- analyze (continuous) variables
- numeric variables
- examples: income level of interest number of unemployed
Introduction
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PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X '{
TABLE A x '{
A
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X '{
X
TABLE A B X '{
X
A
------
B
----
,.. ... ","~,~ '~""'
I '{
I '{
The TABLE statement
, ===> Dimension
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X '{
TABLE A*B X
A B
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X Y
TABLE A, X*B
The TABLE statement'
* ===> concatenating
X
* ===> Concatenating
X
B
-1-1-1-A
----
The TABLE statement
options ps=42 nonumber nodate formchar='I-nn HH WU ,;
proc print data=sasuser.unemploy; title 'Number of unemployed persons in thousands in Denmark'
proc tabulate data=sasuser.unemploy;
run:
title 'Apply TABULATE to report writing'; class year quarter; var male female:
table year*quarter I male female
Number of unemployed persons in thousands in Denmark
OBS YEAR QUARTER MALE FEMALE
1 1980 1 98.700 86.833 2 1980 2 78.300 81.967 3 1980 3 83.000 87.633 4 1980 4 116.367 103.100 5 1981 1 155.100 112.300 6 1981 2 125.433 104.167 7 1981 3 113.100 102.900 8 1981 4 140.900 118.500 9 1982 1 170.367 124.533
10 1982 2 134.800 115.300 11 1982 3 122.367 115.100 12 1982 4 137.367 130.567 13 1983 1 171. 667 141. 667 14 1983 2 144.300 133.333· 15 1983 3 124.800 134.700 16 1983 4 134.633 148.033 17 1984 1 165.433 156.000 18 1984 2 126.833 143.300 19 1984 3 111. 500 138.900 20 1984 4 114.700 147.433 21 1985 1 149.800 151. 900 22 1985 2 109.833 137.767 23 1985 3 88.200 130.633 24 1985 4 87.533 135.500
,X"'.~;;';;V':d-:·:
The TABLE statement
Apply TABULATE to report writing
MALE FEMALE
SUM SUM
YEAR QUARTER
1980 1 98.70 86.83
2 78.30 81.97
3 83.00 87.63
4 116.37 103.10
1981 QUARTER
1 155.10 112.30
2 125.43 104.17;
3 113.10 102.90 ,
4 140.90 118.50 1
1982 QUARTER
124.531 1 170.37
2 134.80 115. 30 1 re 3 122.37 115.10 I
4 137.37 130.57 ,
1983 QUARTER I 1
1 171. 67 141. 67
2 144.30 133.331
3 124.80 134.70'
4 134.63 148.03
1984 QUARTER
1 165.43 156.00
2 126.83 143.30
3 111.50 138.90
4 114.70 147.43
1985 1 149.80 151. 90!
2 109.83 137.771
3 88.20 130.631
14 87.531 135.501
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~
CALCULATIONS IN PROC TABULATE
Standard calculation: SUM
When nothing is stated, the procedure will compute the sum of the analysis variables given.
These two TABLE statements are identical:
TABLE A B , X
TABLE A B X*SUM
~ CALCULATIONS IN PROC TABULATE
Calculations
In the TABLE statement you can decide for yourself which kind of calculation you wish to execute by stating a KEYWORD.
KEYWORD can be divided into 4 groups:
1. Simple calculations
2. Additions
3. Calculation of percentages
4. statistical calculations
Simple calculations
II KEYWORDS:
N
NMISS
SUM
MEAN
MIN,
MAX
RANGE
the number of observations (- missing values)
the number of observations including missing values
the sum
the mean
the minimum
the maximum
the range between the maximum and the minimum
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X Y
TABLE A, X*(MEAN MIN MAX)
X
MEAN I MIN I MAX
A
--------
PROC TABULATE DATA=sasuser.unemploy;
RUN;
TITLE 'Simple calculations in PROC TABULATE'; CLASS year quarter; VAR male female ;
TABLE year, male*(min mean max);
TABLE year, (male female)*(mean range)
Simple calculations
Simple calculations in FRoe TABULATE
MALE
MIN MEAN MAX
YEAR
1980 78.30 94.09 116.37
1981 113.10 133.63 155.10
1982 122.37 141. 22 170.37
1983 124.80 143.85 171. 67
1984 111.50 129.62 165.43
1985 87.53 108.84 149.80
Simple calculations in PRoe TABULATE
MALE FEMALE
MEAN RANGE MEAN RANGE
YEAR
1980 94.09 38.07 89.88 21.13
1981 133.63 42.00 109.47 15.60
1982 141. 22 48.00 121. 37 15.47
1983 143.85 46.87 139.43 14.70
1984 129.62 53.93 146.41 17.10
1985 108.84 62.27 138.95 21.27
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i TOTALS IN PROe TABULATE
~ KEYWORD
ALL - calculations of a total sum, mean, eeqe
- can be placed everywhere in a TABLE statement
- may figure several times in a TABLE statement
PRoe TABULATE; eLASS A B VAR X Y ;
TABLE A ALL , X Y
x
A
ALL
Y
option ps=84; PRoe TABULATE.DATA=sasuser.unemp1oy;
TITLE 'Totals in PRoe TABULATE'; eLASS year quarter; VAR male female ;
TABLE year*(quarter ALL) ALL, (male female)*mean
RUN;
Totals
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Totals in PROC TABULATE
MALE
MEAN
YEAR QUARTER
1980 l' I 98.70
78.30
83.00
116.37
ALL I 94.09
1981
~ 155.10
125.43
113.10
140.90
ALL I 133.63
'" 1.1982 ~ (J) ... 170.37
134.80
122.37
137.37
ALL I 141.22
1983 0 171. 67
144.30
124,80
134.63
ALL I 143.85
1984
~ 165.43
126.83
111.50
114.70
ALL I 129.62
1985
~ 149.80
109.83
88.20
87.53
ALL I 108.84
ALL 1 125.21
Totals
FEMALE
MEAN
86.83
81.97
87.63
103.10
89.88
112.30
104.17
102.90
118.50
109.47
124.53
115.30
115.10
130.57
121.38
141.67
133.33
134.70
148.03
139.43
156.00
143.30
138.90
147.43
146.41
151. 90
137.77
130.63
135.50
138.95
124.25
Percent calculation
CALCULATION OF PERCENTAGES IN PROC TABULATE
II KEYWORD
PCTN percentage in proportion to the number of observations
PCTSUM percentage in proportion to the SUM of an analysis variable
PCTN < variable >
PCTSUM < variable*variable >
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X Y ;
TABLE A ALL, X*( SUM PCTSUM<A ALL> )
X
SUM PCTSUM
A
------
option ps=84; PROC TABULATE
TITLE CLASS VAR
ALL
DATA=sasuser.unemploy : 'Percentages in PRoe TABULATE';
year quarter; male female ;
TABLE year*(quarter all),male*mean PCTN<QUARTER ALL>;
RUN;
Percent calculation
Percentages in PROC TABUlATE
~
MALE -MEAN PCTH
YEAR .lauARTER I 1980 l' I 98.70 25.00
78.30 25.00
83.00 25.00
116.37 25.00
ALL I 94.09 100.00
1981
155.10 25.00
125.43 25.00
113.10 25.00
140.90 25.00
ALL I 133.63 100.00
1982 ~ I' l 170.37 25.00
134.80 25.00
122.37 25.00
137.37 25.00
ALL 141.22 100.00
1983 1 QUARTER
1 I 171.67 25.00
144.30 25.00
124.80 25.00
134.63 25.00
ALL 143.85 100.00
1984 I QUARTER
1 I 165. 43 1 25.00
126. 83 1 25.00
111.50 25.00
114.70 25.00
ALL 129.62 100.00
1985 !QUARTER
1 I 149.80 25.00
109.83 25.00
88.20 25.00
87.53 25.00
ALL 108.84 100.00
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Statistical calculations
STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS IN PROC TABULATE
KEYWORD: STD
USS
CSS
STDERR
cv
T
PRT
VAR
the standard deviation
the incorrected sum of squares
the sum of squares corrected for the mean
the standard It error If of the mean
the percentage coefficient of variation
student's t-test (population mean = 0)
the probability under the null hypothesis of obtaining an absolute value of t greater than the t value observed in this sample.
the variance
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Improvement of output
II IMPROVEMENT OF OUTPUT ~
LABEL
FORMAT
By means of the FORMAT and the LABEL statements, all headlines in a PROC TABULATE can be changed.
Furthermore, all data in the table can be printed in a FORMAT already defined in the SAS System or in formats made by PROC FORMAT.
1. Names of variables
2. Values of variables (for CLASS variables)
3. The data part of a PROC TABULATE
4. Names of keywords
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X Y
TABLE A. X
> A
->
X <---
SUM <---
<--
LABEL
KEY LABEL
FORMAT
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B; VAR X Y; TABLE A. X;
Quarter
first second third fourth , ~
FORMAT A $6. LABEL X='Income l
A= 1 Quarter 1
KEYLABEL SUM= 'in 1000 DKK';
Income I in 1000 DKK
option pS=21; PROC FORMAT;
VALUE quar l='Firstl 2='Second l 3= 1 Third I 4=1 Fouth , ;
PROC TABULATE DATA=sasuser.unemploy TITLE 'Improvement of output'; CLASS year quarter;
run;
VAR male female
TABLE quarter all, (male female)*mean;
LABEL quarter='Quarter l male='Male'
female='Female ' ; KEYLABEL mean='in 1000 persons I
all='In all'; FORMAT quarter quar.;
Improvement output
· :-:
Improvement of output
Improvement of output
Male Female
in 1000 in 1000 persons persons
Quarter
First 151.84 128.87
Second 119.92 119.31
Third 107.16 118.31
Fouth 121. 92 130.52
In all 125.21 124.25
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~ KEYLABEL PROBLEM
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X Y i
TABLE A,X Y
Keylabel problem
> X I Y <-interest I > X Y <--+--- income
> SUM ! SUM <-procent I > SUM SUM <--+--- in DKK
( ) f-> A
--------
PROC TABULATE; CLASS A B VAR X Y
TABLE A=' I , X*MEAN=' percentaqe, Y*MEAN='in ORR'
LABEL X='interest' Y='income'
Interest ! Income
percentage! in DKK
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TABEL LAYOUT
PROC TABULATE applies a cell format of 12.2 and 1/4 of the width of page for the row title space as a standard.
ROW TITLE SPACE
I r CELL FORMAT
I
1 A I' -I ' 1
Tabel layout
PROC TABULATE FORMAT=10.2; <------- standard format CLASS A B VAR X Y
TABLE A=' , , X*MEAN*F=5.·<--------------- format Y*F=15.2 <----------------- format
/RTS=l1;
X Y
MEAN I SUM
option ps=42; PROC FORMAT;
PICTURE komma LOW-HIGH='00000009,9 '(mult=10)
PROC TABULATE DATA=sasuser.unemploy TITLE 'Table layout';
RUN;
CLASS year quarter; VAR male female ; TABLE quarter ALL='In all' ,
male='Unemployed men' *MEAN=' l*f=10.1 female='Unemployed women' *MEAN=I '*f=komma.
/RTS=12 BOX='in 1000 persons'
FORMAT quarter quar.
Table la!out
in 1000 Unemployed Unemployed persons men women
QUARTER
First 151.8 128,8
Second 119.9 119,3
Third 107.2 118,3
Fouth 121.9 130,5
In all 125.2 124,2
Tabel layout
PAGE DIMENSION
TABEL A, B , Y
I One table per group
I I Y
i I Y
Y
B I--
- --A
option ps=60; PROC TABULATE DATA=sasuser.unemploy,
TITLE 'Table layout', CLASS year quarter, VAR male female ;
A=1982
=1981
80
FORMAT quarter quar. , LABEL male='Men ' female= 'women , year='Year'; KEYLABEL all='In all',
RUN,
TABLE year , quarter all , (male female)*mean=' , / box=yage_ condense
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Page d:imension Page dimension
Table layout
Year 1980 Men Women
QUARTER
First 98.70 86.83
Second 78.30 81.97
Third 83.00 87.63
Fouth 116.37 103.10
In all 94.09 89.88
~ Year 1981 Men Women
QUARTER
First 155.10 112.30
Second 125.43 104.17
Third 113.10 102.90
Fouth 140.90 118.50
In all 133.63 109.47
Year 1982 Men Women
QUARTER
First 170.37 124.53
Second 134.80 115.30
Third 122.37 115.10
Fouth 137.37 130.57
In all 141. 22 121. 37 -----_.-
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Page dimension
Table layout
Year 1983 Men Women
QUARTER
First 171. 67 141. 67
Second 144.30 133.33
Third 124.80 134.70
Fouth 134.63 148.03
In all 143.85 139.43
Year 1984 Men Women I
QUARTER I !
~ First 165.43 156.00'
Second 126.83 143.30
Third 111.50 138.90
Fouth 114.70 147.43
In all 129.62 146.41
Year 1985 Men Women
QUARTER
First 149.80 151. 90
Second 109.83 137.77
Third 88.20 130.63
Fouth 87.53 135.50
In all 108.84 138.95
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