PRINTMAKING

BY:

PHILIPPE PANGILINAN

HAMIN BYEON

SIYOO KIM

PRINTMAKING

- Is the art of transferring images from a stiff surface like

wood or metal to a pliant surface like paper or cloth, by

means of applying pressure through hands or by using a

press.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

HISTORY

Only 4 printing presses, all located in Manila, until 18th

century

Oldest printmaking method was Xylography or Woodcut

First printed book = Doctrina Christiana en lengua

española y tagala by Juan de Vera

popularity of woodcuts fades when copper-plate

engraving became more popular

All presses owned by the religious orders

Estampas

Estampitas

HISTORY – UNTIL 18TH CENTURY

Golden Age of philippine printmaking

Indus Manil, Indio Tagalo, Indio Filipino

Important engravers – Francisco Suarez, Nicolas de la

Cruz Bagay, Laureano Atlas, Phelipe Sevilla

Philippine scenes and flora and fauna, by Suarez and

Bagay, on the first complete map of the Phlippines in

1734

Religious images and scenes, and portrait of Bp Juan

Angel Rodriguez by Laureano Atlas

HISTORY – 18TH CENTURY

Copper-plate displaced by Lithography

Magazines – La Ilustracion Filipina , 1895-1860

La Ilustracion del Oriente , 1877-1878

Fr Manuel Blanco’s Flora de Filipinas

Most lithographers were Spaniards and foreigners

Flora was designed by Filipinos but colored in Spain

HISTORY – 19TH CENTURY

MATERIALS

PAPER

- Used by almost every form

of printing. Image is

transferred by applying

pressure either by

manually using hands or

by printing presses.

MATERIALS

CLOTH

- Aside from paper, clothing

can also be used as a

canvass for printing. The

usual printing technique

that involves cloth is

serigraphy.

MATERIALS

MATRIX

- In printmaking, matrices

are the ones that hold up

the image that makes up

the print. It can be made

of wood, metal and even

limestone.

MATERIALS

BURIN/GRAVER

- A steel cutting tool that

was predominantly used

by intaglio engravers.

MATERIALS

TECHNIQUES

RELIEF

INTAGLIO

PLANOGRAPHIC

- Process of printmaking where the imprint comes

from the surface of the block. Parts of the block

which are to be printed are left in relief and wood

receive the ink and the remainder cut away using

a knife. The impression are then made by

applying pressure on the inked block onto the

paper.

- The principal methods of relief printing are:

woodcut, wood engraving, lino-cut, rubber-cut,

metal-cut and collagraphy.

RELIEF PRINTING

WOODCUT

- An image is carved into

the surface of a block

of a wood. Usually done

on the softer side grain.

- Occasionally known as

xylography

The Aqueduct Woodcut

RELIEF PRINTING

WOOD ENGRAVING

- A variety of woodcut

but instead cut on

wood’s end grain resulting

in increased durability and

hardness of the matrix.

The Boyer Place

RELIEF PRINTING

LINO-CUT

- Another variant of wood-

cut but with linoleum

as the relief surface.

The design is cut using

a v-shaped chisel.

Bar

RELIEF PRINTING

RUBBER CUT

- Uses a slab of rubber

for the matrix.

RELIEF PRINTING

METAL-CUT

- Is essentially a wood-cut but uses a thin

a thin metal plate instead. It is

almost indistinguishable from

the woodcut.

RELIEF PRINTING

COLLAGRAPHY

- The matrix of this type of

printmaking is a three

dimensional collage made

from various materials

such as string, fabric, etc.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RELIEF PRINTING

Refers to a family of printmaking method which

is the opposite of the relief; the printed image

comes from the inks deposited in the grooves

and lines beneath the surface of the plate.

The methods of preparing the plate are: copper

engraving which includes drypoint and mezzotint;

etching which includes aquatint; and collagraph.

INTAGLIO

DRYPOINT

- A technique of the intaglio

family where the image is

incised into the matrix with

pointed needle.

Woman in Cafe

COPPER ENGRAVING

MEZZOTINT

- The first to be used. Subtle

gradation of l ight and shade

rather than lines form the image

by roughening the plate with

thousands of l ittle dots.

Sunshine V

COPPER ENGRAVING

AQUATINT

- This technique consists of

applying an acid-resistant

liquid to the plate. The plate

is then exposed to acid and

will eat away all parts of it

that is not covered with the

acid resistant liquid.

The Sleep of Reason

Produces Monsters

ETCHING

Collagraphy can also be

done the intaglio way.

Instead of the ink being

on top of the surface of

the plate, the ink is now

on the shallow recesses

of the plate.

Unexplained Angel ic

Activity

COLLAGRAPH

Unlike the earlier two methods of printing, the

planographic methods prints on a flat surface.

There are two different types of planographic

method; lithography and serigraphy.

PLANOGRAPHIC

Lithography

- Makes use of the chemical

antipathy of water and oil.

The image is drawn on a

surface of a smooth

limestone plate with grease

and is covered with a thin film

of water. When the ink is applied

it is attracted only to the greasy

parts.

PLANOGRAPHIC

SERIGRAPHY

- A printing technique that

involves forcing ink through

unstopped areas of silk or

nylon mesh with a squeegee.

Is usually done on clothing

such as t-shirts.

PLANOGRAPHIC

SEMIOTIC READING

In 19 th century, lithography was crucial to the

advancement of newspapers and periodicals

That has led the Philippine Nation to be able to raise

revolution using Imprenta press for Katipunan

ART AND POWER

ESTAMPAS/ESTAMPITAS

- Prints of miraculous images

for distribution to devotees

at their shrines.

ART AND FAITH

DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA EN

LENGUA ESPAÑOLA Y TAGALA

- The first book ever to be

printed in the Philippines.

ART AND FAITH

ILOCANO DOCTRINA

CHRISTIANA

ART AND FAITH

INDIENE DE MANILLE

ART AND GENDER