present system verb review 2014 verbs verbs tell what a subject is or does. verbs also indicate the...
TRANSCRIPT
Present System Verb Review
2014
Verbs
• Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES.• Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an
action. For example: past, present, future.• Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular
and plural:
Reviewing Verb Conjugations
1st conjugation verbs have –o, -are as their dictionary endings like amo, amare.
2nd conjugation verbs have –eo, -ere as their dictionary endings like doceo, docere.
Reviewing Verb Conjugations
3rd conjugation verbs have –o, -ere as their
dictionary endings like pono, ponere.
3rd –io verbs have –io, -ere as their dictionary endings like capio, capere.
4th conjugation verbs have –io, -ire as their dictionary endings like audio, audire.
Verbs: “Persons”
Singular Plural
1st person I… we…2nd person you… you (y’all )…3rd person he, she, it… they…
In the active voice, the subjectPERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb.
Puellae aquam portant.
In the passive voice, the subject is ACTED UPON by the verb.
Aqua a puellis portatur.
Finding the Present Stem
• amo, amare• laboro, laborare• paro, parare• porto, portare• specto, spectare
• AMA-• LABORA-• PARA-• PORTA-• SPECTA-
Present Active Tense Endings
The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
o
s
t
I
you
he, she,it
Singular Plural
nt
tis
mus we
you
they
First Person
Second
Person
Third Person
Am o
Ama s
Ama t
Ama
Ama
Ama
mus
tis
nt
I loveI am lovingI do love
You loveYou are lovingYou do love
He lovesHe is lovingHe does love
We loveWe are lovingWe do love
You loveYou are lovingYou do love
They loveThey are lovingThey do love
Present Active
Present Tense (Review!) 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th:
pono ponimusponis ponitisponit ponunt
capio capimuscapis capitiscapit capiunt
audio audimusaudis auditisaudit audiunt
Remember that the “e”
changes to “i” or “u”
Remember that this has
“i” in its stem
portare--passive voice
•portor• I am (being) carried…
•portaris• you are (being)
carried…
•portatur
•portamur•portamini
•portantur
Imperfect Tense
• Imperfect tense is a past tense.• It shows past action uncompleted.• There are several ways to translate imperfect
tense:– was verbing– used to verb– kept on verbing– verbed
Imperfect Active Tense Endings
The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
BAM
BAS
BAT
I
you
he, she,it
Singular Plural
BANT
BATIS
BAMUS we
you
they
First Person
Second
Person
Third Person
Ama bam
Ama bas
Ama bat
Ama
Ama
Ama
bamus
batis
bant
I was lovingI used to loveI kept on loving
I loved
You were lovingYou used to loveYou kept on loving
You loved
He was loving…
(etc.)
We were loving
(etc.)
You were loving…(etc.)
They were loving(etc.)
Imperfect Tense
3rd/ 3rd-io/4th Imperfect Tense (“was….”)
ponebam ponebamusponebas ponebatisponebat ponebant
capiebam capiebamuscapiebas capiebatiscapiebat capiebant
audiebam audiebamusaudiebas audiebatisaudiebat audiebant
Imperfect Tense---passive voice
• -bar• I was being verbed
• -baris• you were being verbed
• -batur• he/she/it was being verbed
• -bamur• we were being verbed
• -bamini• Y’all were being verbed
• -bantur• They were being verbed
Imperfect Tense Practice
• Spectabamus• Portabat• Amabas• Parabatis• Navigabam• Monstrabant
• We were watching• He/she/it was carrying• You were loving• Y’all were preparing• I was sailing• They were showing
Future Tense Verbs
• The future tense refers to something that will or is going to happen at a future time.
• In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or “shall” to express future tense.
• Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb endings to make future tense verb endings, like this…
Future Tense EndingsActive Voice
Singular Plural
1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)
2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)
3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)
1st and 2nd Conjugations ONLY
First Person
Second
Person
Third Person
Ama bo
Ama bis
Ama bit
Ama
Ama
Ama
bimus
bitis
bunt
I will love
You will love
He/she/it will love
We will
love
Ya’ll will love
They will love
Future Tense---passive voice 1st/2nd conjugation
• -bor• I will be verbed
• -beris• you will be verbed
• -bitur• he/she/it will be verbed
• -bimur• we will be verbed
• -bimini• y’all will be verbed
• -buntur• they will be verbed
Let’s practice translating future tense verbs!
1. amabo 2. spectabit 3. portabunt 4. parabitis 5. spectabis
6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus
Singular Plural1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)
Making FUTURE Tense
FUTURE TENSE for these verbs (3rd, 3rd –io, and 4th) looks very similar to their PRESENT TENSE.
The only difference is the vowels you use before the personal endings.
Do NOT use the bo, bis, bit endings like we do for 1st and 2nd conjugations!
Future Tense (“will….”)
ponam ponemuspones ponetisponet ponent
capiam capiemuscapies capietiscapiet capient
audiam audiemusaudies audietisaudiet audient
3rd –io has an ‘i’ in every
form!
4th already has ‘i’ in its stem!
·Present Tense
·pono ponimus·ponis ponitis·ponit ponunt
·Future Tense
·ponam ponemus·pones ponetis·ponet ponent
So…what does it mean???• Cibum in carrum ponimus.• We place the food into the cart.
• Cibum in carrum ponemus.• We will place the food into the cart.
• You know ponemus is future because you know that pono, ponere is 3rd conjugation and 3rd conjugation verbs use “E” in their future tense endings.
Every “E” Is Not Future Tense • 2nd conjugation verbs have “e” that occurs naturally in
their PRESENT tense.• 2nd conjugation verbs: -eo, -ere• doceo, docere: teach
• Present Tense Future Tense• doceo docemus docebo docebimus• doces docetis docebis docebitis• docet docent docebit docebunt
Things To Take Away With You!• If a verb ends in bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt, it’s
DEFINITELY future tense.• If a verb ends in –am it’s DEFINITELY future tense (1st
person, “I will…”)• If a verb ends in –es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent it’s either
PRESENT or FUTURE. Check its conjugation to see:• 2nd conjugation: PRESENT• 3rd/4th conjugation: FUTURE• If a verb ending has a combination of –ie-, it’s always
future tense (unless it has a –ba- there!)
Future Tense---passive voice 3rd/4th conjugation
• -ar• I will be verbed
• -eris• you will be verbed
• -etur• he/she/it will be verbed
• -emur• we will be verbed
• -emini• y’all will be verbed
• -entur• they will be verbed
Practice! You may work with a partner.Get a “check” for daily credit!
• Puellae equos agunt.• Puellae equos agent.• Caesar oppidum capit.• Caesar oppidum capiet.• Captivi ab oppido in silvam fugiunt.• Litteras ad Marcum, amicum meum, mittam.• Servus ab casa fugiet.• Viri puellas defendent.• I will lead the horses.• We will send a messenger to town.
“SUM”
• “Sum” is the “to be” verb.• Like other languages, including English, “sum”
is an irregular verb in Latin.• Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its
forms are all different in the singular?
Singular Plural
I am We areYou are Y’all areHe/she/it is They are
Present Tense: SUMtext p. 109
Singular Plural
sum I am sumus we arees you are estis y’all areest he/she/ it is sunt they are
These are stand-alone words, not
endings.
“SUM” in action!
• Nauta sum.• Est regina.• Es agricola bonus.• Sunt mali.• Sumus parvi.• Estis reginae.
• I am a sailor.• She is a queen.• You are a good farmer.• They are bad.• We are small.• Y’all are queens.
Imperfect Tense: ERAMtext p. 181
Singular Plural
eram I was eramus we wereeras you were eratis y’all wereerat he/she/ it was erant they were
These are stand-alone words, not
endings.
“ERAM” in action!
• Nauta eram.• Erat regina.• Eras agricola bonus.• Erant mali.• Eramus parvi.• Eratis reginae.
• I was a sailor.• She was a queen.• You were a good farmer.• They were bad.• We were small.• Y’all were queens.
Future Tense: EROtext p. 127 (1st chart only)
Singular Plural
ero I will be erimus we will beeris you will be eritis y’all will beerit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be
These are stand-alone words, not
endings.
“ERO” in action!
• Nauta ero.• Erit servus.• Eris agricola bonus.
• Erunt laeti (happy).• Numerus erit parvus.
• Victoria erit grata.
• I will be a sailor.• He will be a slave.• You will be a good
farmer.• They will be happy.• The number will be
small.• Victory will be pleasing.
Pop Quiz!
• erat• sum• eris• es• eramus
• portabimus• amo• docent• amatis• docebat
Pop Quiz!
• He/she/it was• I am• You will be• You are• We were
• We will carry• I love/do love/am
loving• They teach/do
teach/are teaching• Y’all love/do
love/are loving• He/she/it was
teaching/used to teach/kept on teaching/taught