Postharvest Loss Reduction & Mycotoxins programs in USAID’s

Feed the Future Initiative

Ahmed Kablan, Ph.D.International Nutrition & Public Health

Adviser

USAID /Bureau For Food Security/Office of Agriculture Research and Policy

USDA/ARS/Office of International Research Program 1

1. “Feed the Future” program

2. FTF ag research agenda

3. USAID postharvest loss & Aflatoxin portfolio

4. Future: Broad Food Safety concerns –looking at mycotoxins and others

Presentation Outline

The Global Challenge

By 2050, the world’s population is projected to increase by a third, to more than 9 billion.

Most of that increase will occur in the developing world, where hunger is already concentrated

Food production will have to increase 70% by 2050 (FAO) if we wish to leave our children a less hungry, more stable world.

The Global Challenge: Achieving Sustainable Food Security

925 million people – more than a seventh of the world’s population – suffer from chronic hunger. Each year, more than 3.5 million children die from undernutrition.

1. Help farmers produce more

2. Help farmers get more food to market

3. Support Research & Development to improve smallholder agriculture in a changing climate

4. Strengthen Regional Trade

5. Create a better Policy Environment

6. Improve Access to Nutritious food and Nutrition Services

What does Feed the Future Do?

Guatemala Honduras

Haiti

Ethiopia Kenya Malawi

Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Zambia

(So. Sudan)

Bangladesh Cambodia

Nepal Tajikistan

(Myanmar)

Ghana Liberia

Mali Senegal(Guinea)

Feed the Future Countries

FTF Research “Pillars”1. Advancing the Productivity Frontier

2. Transforming agricultural systems through “Sustainable Intensification”

3. Improving nutrition and food safety

Source: Danforth Plant Sciences Center Source: SM Chapotin

FTF Focus Countries

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Sustainable Intensification System #1: Indo-gangetic Plains of South Asia

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Sustainable Intensification System #2: Sudano-sahelien systems in West Africa

FTF Focus Countries

19.7 million rural people in cereal root crop mixed and agro-pastoral millet/sorghum systems10.6 million people living on less than $1.25/day24-38% stunting in children less than 5 years old

Sustainable Intensification System #3: Maize-mixed systems, E & S Africa

FTF Focus Countries

22.6 million rural people in maize-mixed systems20.9 million people living on less than $1.25/day38-47% stunting in children less than 5 years old

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Sustainable Intensification System #4: Ethiopian Highlands

FTF Focus Countries

24 million rural people in highland temperate mixed15.9 million people living on less than $1.25/day52% stunting in children less than 5 years old

Basic

Translation

Utility

Applied

NSF, USDA, DOEUSAID

Arrow of Research and ARP Research Investments

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Washington State University Climate Resilient Wheat

Colorado State University Adapting Livestock

Systems to Climate Change

Oregon State University Aquaculture and

Fisheries

University of California at Riverside Climate Resilient

Cowpea

University of California at Davis Assets & Markets

Access Climate Resilient Millet Climate Resilient

Chickpea Horticulture Genomics to Improve

Poultry

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Soybean Value Chain

Research

Michigan State University Food Security Policy Grain Legumes

Tufts University Nutrition

Pennsylvania State University Climate Resilient

Beans

University of Texas, El Paso Rift Valley Fever Control

in Agriculture

Kansas State University Reduction of Post-Harvest

Loss Applied Wheat Genomics Sorghum & Millet Sustainable Intensification

Texas A&M University Small Scale Irrigation

University of Georgia Peanut &

Mycotoxin Climate Resilient

Sorghum

Virginia Tech University Sustainable

Agriculture & Natural Resource Management

Integrated Pest Management

★ Lead Institution • Collaborating

Institution

•Puerto RicoHawaii

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Purdue University Food Processing &

Post-Harvest Handling

http://feedthefuture.gov/article/feed-future-innovation-labs (red indicates significant post harvest content)

Feed the Future Innovation Labs

CGIAR Network (+ AVRDC, iCIPE, etc…)

FSIC Program Areas

Program for Climate Resilient Cereals (e.g. Cereals RFA, DTMA, Arcadia PPP, Ceres PPP, CGIAR Rice/Wheat/Maize, Sorghum/Millet RFA) Program for Advanced Research on Animal and Plant Diseases (e.g. USDA Partnerships under NBCRI, Virus Resistant Cassava) Program for Productive Legume Research (e.g. Dry Grain Pulse IL, Peanut /Mycotoxin IL, CGIAR Legumes, NBCRI

Program for Safe & Nutritious Foods (e.g. PH Labs, Horticulture IL, Nutrition IL, Livestock IL, Aquafish IL, AVRDC, Aflatoxin under NBCRI )Program for Policy Research & Support (e.g. AMA IL, Program for Biosafety Systems, Enabling Agricultural Trade)

Program for Human & Institutional Capacity Development (e.g. MEAS, InnovATE, MAETS, AWARD, LEAP)

Program for Sustainable Intensification (e.g. IPM IL, SI IL, CSISA, Africa Rising, Irrigation IL)

Program for Research on Nutritious and Safe Foods

Current Research Projects Activity Manager Lead Institution

FTFIL for Horticulture John Bowman University of California, Davis

FTFIL for Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss Ahmed Kablan Kansas State University

FTFIL for Food Processing and Post-harvest Handling Angela Records Purdue University

FTFIL for Livestock Systems (NEW) Elaine Grings University of Florida

FTFIL for Nutrition Maura Mack Tufts University

FTFIL for Aquaculture & Fisheries Shivaun Leonard Oregon State University

World Vegetable Center (AVRDC): Core John Bowman AVRDCWorld Vegetable Center (AVRDC): Vegetable Post Harvest Handling Project John Bowman AVRDC

Golden Rice Joe Huesing IRRI

Harvest Plus Vern Long CIATCollaborative Research in Aquaculture and Horticulture for Improved Nutrition Maura Mack Tufts University

CGIAR Research Program – Livestock and Fish Shivaun Leonard International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

CGIAR Research Program – Nutrition Maura Mack International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

USDA/NBCRI – Aflatoxins Lisa Wilson USDA/ARS

The Program for Nutritious and Safe Foods Links research on the production and processing of safe, nutritious agricultural products to a learning agenda on household nutrition, including the utilization and access to fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, dairy and legumes with the goal of improving child survival, securing family investments in agriculture, and preventing and treating under‐nutrition.

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PH Training and Service Center, Tanzania• 2012-2014 (UC-Davis and AVRDC)

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One-stop shop for equipment, advice,

services, and ideas to improve postharvest

handling of fresh produce

AVRDC PH Project – SS Africa and Asia

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Adapted local vegetable packing - Tanzania

– Understanding vegetable value chains, quantifying current losses and identifying opportunities for intervention

Tomatoes awaiting transportationto Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Stakeholder workshop, GhanaInterviewing market traders, Kumasi, Ghana

Northern Region, Ghana

AIV Production by HIV farmersAIV processing for export

HORT IL, AVRDC, AMPATH, KHCP

Solar Grain Dryers KSU PHL-IL

Hermetic Storage

Purdue FPIL - Incubation Center Model MALI

• Northern Mali (Mopti/Gao)– 10 Small- & medium-scale food

processors trained – 6 businesses mechanized

• Bamako– Incubation Center established– Training local bakeries to produce

flour for breadmakingNIGER

• 10 Fully functional processors • 2 Recent start-ups• 2 Equipment fabricators• Job opportunities

KENYA/SENEGAL• New and improved extruded

products (sorghum/millet)• Training processors in Dakar• Equipment fabrication hub

Key Washington Research ProjectsARP:• Peanut/Mycotoxin Innovation Lab• Nutrition Innovation Lab• NBCRI with USDA/ARS• Venganza Research Grant• KSU Post Harvest Innovation Lab• Purdue Food Processing Innovation LabMPI: • AflaSTOP Post Harvest Storage Structures• AgResults Nigeria pilot project Africa Bureau: • Regional East Africa for Aflasafe

USAID Funded Mycotoxin research programs

Key Field Mission Projects EA Regional:

1) Aflatoxin Policy and Program for East African Region (APPEAR) 2) Aflasafe Utilization in 11 countries (Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria 1st) with IITA and BMGF; 3) Support for EAC Aflatoxin Policy and Action Plan

Kenya/Ghana/So. Africa (SPS Capacity Building) Zambia (Maize/Groundnuts: Biocontrol) Mozambique (Maize/Groundnuts: Biocontrol) Rwanda (Maize/Cassava: Biocontrol) Malawi (Maize/Groundnuts – Biocontrol) Tanzania (Maize – Prevalence/Markets) Afghanistan-Mycotoxin Assessment study

1. New investments in both research and development assistance

2. Research: grain PH technologies; veg PH technologies; IPM research to decrease pesticide residues and kill storage pests; afla breeding; afla biocontrol; food processing

3. Development: Rwanda PHH Project; warehouse receipts; regional harmonization of afla standards; improved packaging for export

4. Establishing Communities of Practice with FAO, BMGF, State Dept., USDA

5. Sponsorship of international conferences in PH area

PH ADVANCES UNDER USAID/FTF(2010-2015 approx. $150M)

• How Does Food Safety Fit here?

• Why is it important to consider?

An estimated 600 million – almost 1 in 10 people in the world – fall ill after eating contaminated food and 420,000 die every year, resulting in the loss of 33 million healthy life years (DALYs).

Children under 5 years of age carry 40% of the foodborne disease burden, with 125 000 deaths (or 30%) every year

In Africa, more than 91 million people are estimated to fall ill and 137 000 die each year.

Some 60 million children under the age of 5 fall ill and 50 000 die from foodborne diseases in the South-East Asia Region every year.

Havelaar et al., 2015

Pathogenic sources causes the majority of all FBD

Causes of FBD

Microbes Helminths Aflatoxins Other toxins0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

Burden LMIC

zoonoses

non zoonoses

Havelaar et al., 2015

Is this the real picture or we have evidence/Data gap?

Nutritional Status

Environmental(EE, gut

microbiome, environmental

toxins)

Diet (Quality &

Diversity)

((F&V, ASF,

legumes,

production,

SBCC))

Food Safety

(Mycotoxins &

other pathogens,

pesticides, processing, storage)

Key factors affecting Nutritional Status

Improve Diet Diversity

Better Nutrition

Our Goal!

Diet Diversity

Food

Saf

ety

conc

erns

LowHigh

High

Correlation between Diet diversity and Food Safety

Why Food Safety is a concern for FTF?

My Theory!!

Food Safety: a multi-faceted issue

PHL-IL

Nutrition

• CHEMICAL: pesticides sprayed on fruit or vegetables, freezer refrigerants, drugs, food additives, chemicals from cleaning products and metal or non-food-grade cookware and storage; soil arsenic, etc…

• BIOLOGICAL: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites.

TYPES OF CONTAMINATION

• PHYSICAL: hair, glass, paper, plastic, scabs, rodent droppings, flies, bones from meat/ fish

OF Special Concern International Development Programs & Agriculture Sector

Dare to Care –Food Bank

• USAID acknowledges that food safety continues to be a challenge in terms of foodborne diseases, particularly impacting areas/regions where the Agency is supporting development activities as well as programming food aid, and particularly impacting children

• USAID has integrated food safety and quality as part of its global nutrition strategy, including acknowledging it's critical relevance during the first 1000 days

• USAID embraces a preventive model in food safety, as a more cost-effective and sustainable approach

• USAID applies the fundamentals, when it comes to supporting and encouraging food safety and quality practices

• USAID acknowledges mycotoxins as a particular relevant challenge in food safety, as well as its link with malnutrition

USAID has Established anAgency-wide Food Safety Working Group (BFS/Global Health/DCHA-FFP)

Please See our Feed the Future Website

Thank You!www.feedthefuture.gov