plastics & polymers

8/11/2019 Plastics & Polymers

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KOEWLOCPWTHEJ VTMCGSSGS (JGEGTOI)

Smiuthme pmiykgrhzothme> He tbhs kgtbm` o kmemkgr hs `hssmivg` he oe hegrt

smivget tbot cmetohes oe hehthotmr mr cotoiyst. @urhej tbhs prmcgss tbgsmivget odsmrds tbg bgot lrmk tbg gxmtbgrkhc pmiykgrhzothme rgocthme

wbhcb he ture cmetrmis tbg rotg ml tbg rgocthme. Pbg smivget usg` oism

`hssmivgs tbg pmiykgr lmrkg`.




Suspgeshme Vmiykgrhzothme> Pbhs lmrk ml pmiykgrhzothme hs corrhg` mut

whtbhe o ihquh` pbosg (emrkoiiy wotgr) he wbhcb eghtbgr tbg kmemkgr emrtbg pmiykgr org smiudig. Pbg kmemkgr `rmpigts org suspge`g` whtbhe

tbg ihquh` oe` pmiykgrhzg mecg tbg hehthotmr kmigcuig cmkgs he cmetoct

whtb tbgk. Kgcboehcoi ojhtothme hs emrkoiiy usg` tm aggp tbg

suspgeshme gvge. Vmiykgrs lmrkg` ushej tbhs prmcgss org emrkoiiy

smih` jroeuigs tbot coe dg `rhg` oe` sgporotg`.




Gkuishme Vmiykgrhzothme> Pbhs prmcgss ml pmiykgrhzothme hs quhtg shkhior tm

suspgeshme pmiykgrhzothme oport lrmk tbg loct tbot rgjuior khxhej hse‘trgquhrg`. Oe` tbot tbg oqugmus pbosg hs emrkoiiy tbgrg whtb tbg ge`

prm`uct1 wbhcb hs doshcoiiy o stodig `hspgrshme (gkuishme) ml pmiykgr

khcrmporthcigs, oism aemwe os iotgx.



CME@GESOPHME VMIXKGTH^OPHME

Cme`gesothme pmiykgrs org oey ahe` ml pmiykgrs tbot org lmrkg` vho o

cme`gesothme rgocthme – wbhcb hevmivgs tbg rgigosg ml o skoii kmigcuigsucb os wotgr upme tbg nmhehej ml twm kmemkgrs.

Pbhs hs `hllgrget lrmk o``hthme pmiykgrhzothme wbhcb rgquhrgs uesoturotg`

kmemkgrs oe` `mgse‘t jhvg mll oey kmigcuigs `urhej tbg rgocthmes.

Vmiygstgrs oe` pmiyokh`gs org ciossgs ml pmiykgrs lmrkg` dy tbhs prmcgss.

Oe gxokpig ml Eyime, o pmiyokh`g, hs jhvge dgimw>



VBGEMIHC TGSHES

Vbgemihc rgshes org bgot-curg` pmiykgrs tbot lmrk upme tbg cme`gesothme

rgocthme dgtwgge oe oi`gby`g oe` oe oicmbmi. Spgchlhcoiiy lmrkoi`gby`g oe` pbgemi.

Pbgrg org twm typgs ml Vbgemihc rgshes>

- Meg stgp (Tgsmis)> Pbg rgocthme hs dosg cotoiyzg` he tbhs cosg. Oe` tbg

rgsuithej kocrmkmigcuigs bovg tbg rgocthvg kgtbyimi (-CB4MB) ottocbg`

tm tbg pbgemi rhejs tbot oiimws lmr crmss-iheahej upme bgothej. Pbg ge`

prm`uct hs tbgrkmsgt.- Pwm Stgp (Emvmiocs)> Pbhs rgocthme, he ture, hs och` cotoiyzg`. Pbg

rgsuithej prgpmiykgrs org sthii he o tbgrkmpiosthc stojg oe` egg` tm dg

crmss-iheag` tm dg usodig. Pm occmkpihsb tbhs o bor`gehej ojget hs

o``g` tm tbg khxturg oe` tbge bgotg`.

Doagihtg® , wmri`‘s lhrst syetbgthc piosthc, hs o pbgemihc rgshe oe` hs aemwe

lmr hts bor`egss oe` tbgrkoi rgshsthvhty.



OKHEM TGSHES

Okhem rgshes org tbgrkmsgtthej rgshes lmrkg` tbrmujb tbg

cmpmiykgrhzothme ml okh`gs oe` oi`gby`gs. Pbgy org usg` os o`bgshvgsoe` os cmothejs lmr lhehsbg` prmùcts.

Pbgrg org twm kohe typgs ml Okhem rgshes>

- Wrgo rgshe> Ht hs lmrkg` tbrmujb tbg cme`gesothme rgocthme dgtwgge

urgo oe` lmrkoi`gby`g. Ht hs aemwe lmr hts bhjb tgeshig strgejtb oe`

hkpoct rgshstoecg oe` hs usg` he ojrhcuiturg, `gcmrothvg phgcgs oe`

tgxthig heùstry. Ht hs oism usg` os oe o`bgshvg.- Kgiokheg rgshe> Pbhs rgshe cmesthtutgs ml o kgiokheg (oe okhem

mrjoehc dosg) oe` lmrkoi`gby`g. Ht hs vgry wgotbgr-rgshstoet oe` bor`

oe` tbus lhe`s wh`gsprgo` usg he tbg ahtcbgeworg, todigworg oe` tmys

heùstry. Pbhs rgshe coe oism ihea up whtb mtbgr rgshes oe` lmrk surlocg

cmothejs.



VMIXGSPGT TGSHES

Vmiygstgr rgshe hs oe uesoturotg`, tbgrkmsgtthej rgshe lmrkg` dy tbg

rgocthme ml o `hdoshc mrjoehc och` oe` o pmiyby`rhc oicmbmi. Koighc och`oe` gtbyigeg jiycmi org cmkkmeiy usg` rgoctoets tbot rgoct tm jhvg

gstgr iheaojgs.

Pbhs uesoturothme ml pmiygstgr rgshes kgoes tbot tbgy coe lurtbgr

pmiykgrhzg ue`gr tbg rhjbt cme`hthmes, tbg cme`hthmes dghej>

- Hetrm`ucthme ml Styrgeg (pbgeyi gtbgeg) tbot imwgrs tbg vhscmshty ml tbg

rgshe oe` koags ht limw.- Oe` oe ojget (hecmrrgctiy coiig` o cotoiyst) tbot lrggiy `hshetgjrotgs

hetm lrgg ro`hcois tbot ottoca tbg uesoturotg` shtgs. Dgezyi pgrmxh`g hs

meg sucb ojget.

Pbg shejig kmst gxtgeshvg usg ml tbhs rgshe hs Jioss rghelmrcg` piosthcs

(JTVs) mr l hdgr-jioss , he wbhcb tbg rgshe hs usg` tm dhe` ioygrs ml jioss

lhdgr hetm o tmujb iokheotg.



OIAX@ TGSHES

Oiay`s org pmiygstgr rgshes tbot lmrk ùg tm tbg cme`gesothme rgocthme

dgtwgge o lotty och` (o pmiydoshc och`) oe` o pmiyby`rhc oicmbmi. Ocmkkme cmkdheothme hs mighc och` oe` jiycgrmi.

Oemtbgr kgtbm` lmr prmùcthme hevmivgs tbg gstgrhlhcothme oe` sudsgquget

`ggstgrhlhcohtme ml o jiycgrh`g mhi hetm o kmemjiycgrh`g he tbg prgsgecg

ml jiycgrmi. Pbg kmemjiycgrh`g wbge rgoctg` whtb o `hdoshc cordmxyihc

och` (ihag pbtboihc och`), jhvgs oe oiay` rgshes whtb lotty och` sh`g

cbohes.

Oiay` rgshes org ihquh`s oe` org oe hetgjroi pmrthme ml koey prmùcts ihag

pohets, vorehsbgs oe` geokgi lhehsbgs. Pbg rgshe he tbgsg prmùcts octs

os o dhe`gr , bmi`hej mtbgr hejrg`hgets tmjgtbgr oe` jhvhej tbgk tbg

odhihty tm dme` tm koey surlocgs.



VMIXCOTDMEOPGS

Vmiycordmeotgs org ihag pmiygstgrs oport lrmk tbg loct tbot tbg cordmeyi

jrmup (C;M) hevmivg` he tbghr lmrkothme hs dme`g` tm twm sgporotg M-T-jrmups.

Igxoe® hs tbg tro`g eokg lmr tbg meiy wh`giy prm`ucg` pmiycordmeotg. Ht hs

aemwe lmr hts gxcgpthmeoiiy bhjb hkpoct rgshstoecg oe` tbus lhe`s usg he

duiigtprmml jioss, solgty jmjjigs, bgikgts, C@s, lhjbtgr-ngt cmcapht

coemphgs gtc.

@gsphtg tbhs ht hs tbgrkmpiosthc oe` limws lrggiy odmvg ?77¶C. Ht hs oism vgrywgoa he tgrks ml scrotcb rgshstoecg.



GVMRX TGSHES

Gpmxy rgshes cmeshst ml twm cmkpmegets1 o prgpmiykgr oe` o curhej ojget.

Dhspbgemi O oe` gphcbmimrmby`rhe org twm wh`giy usg` prgpmiykgrcmkpmegets. Pbhs prgpmiykgr, wbge tbg egg` orhsgs, coe dg curg`

tbrmujb tbg ihags ml tgrthory okhegs (T3E) tm he`ucg crmss iheahej.

Os sgge he tbg `hojrok gocb prgpmiykgr cbohe bos eukgrmus, rgjuioriy

spocg` sgcme`ory –MB jrmups he tbg cgetgr oe` gocb ge` bos

uergoctg` gpmxh`g rhejs. @urhej curhej tbgsg rhejs mpge oe` cmkdheg

whtb –MB jrmups ml mtbgr cbohes tm jhvg o vost tbrgg-`hkgeshmeoi toejig

tbot bos gemrkmus strgejtb oe` bgot oe` cbgkhcoi rgshstoecg.

Pbg shejig kmst hkpmrtoet usg ml gpmxy rgshes hs os structuroi o`bgshvgs.



VMIXOKH@GS

Pbgsg org tbg dgst aemwe cioss ml cme`gesothme pmiykgrs tboeas tm tbg

tbgrkmpiosthc, pmiyokh`g Eyime wbhcb hs lmrkg` dy tbgcmpmiykorhzothme ml o `hokheg oe` o `hdoshc cordmxyihc och`.

Eyime << lmr hestoecg hs lmrkg` dy tbg rgocthme ml o`hphc och` whtb

bgxokgtbyigeg`hokheg ot 426¶C. Ht hs kmitge ot tbhs stojg dut bor`ges

hkkg`hotgiy upme cmetoct whtb ohr.

Eyime hs gxtrgkgiy tmujb oe` bos gxcgiiget odroshme rgshsthvhty. Pbgsg

prmpgrthgs oiimw ht tm dg usg` he porocbutgs, rmca-cihkdhej rmpgs oe`gvge lodrhcs.



VMIXSWILMEGS

Vmiysuilmegs org o lokhiy ml tbgrkmpiosthc pmiykgrs. Pbgsg pmiykgrs org

aemwe lmr tbghr gxtrgkg tmujbegss oe` tbgrkoi oe` cbgkhcoi stodhihty.Pbg tgiihej lgoturg ml pmiysuilmeg, os `gphctg` dy tbg eokg, hs tbg prgsgecg

ml o suilmeg jrmup (T-SM4-T‘) sudueht.

O typhcoi pmiysuilmeg hs prm`ucg` dy tbg rgocthme ml dhspbgemi O whtb dhs(0-

cbimrmpbgeyi)suilmeg he tbg prgsgecg ml sm`huk cordmeotg. Pbhs

cme`gesothme rgocthme oimej whtb tbg gihkheothme ml wotgr oism rgigosgs

sm`huk cbimrh`g.@ug tm bhjb cmst ml row kotgrhois oe` prmcgsshej. Vmiysuilmegs org

rgsgrvg` lmr spgchoity oppihcothmes ihag ostrmeout vhsmrs & bgkm`hoiyshs

kgkdroegs.

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