physiological measures team psycho css 506 11.29.06 jess, jill, keith, nancy
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Physiological
Measures
Team Psycho
CSS 50611.29.06
Jess, Jill, Keith, Nancy
What are Physiological Measures?
• The branch of physiology dealing with the relationship between physiological processes and thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
That was confusing, what’s theBasic idea:
The body responds to psychological processes.
e.g. your cheeks get warm when you are embarrassed.
• Psychophysiology is concerned with measuring psychological processes by measuring physical indicators.
To confuse you even more…Applied Psychophysiology
• A rubric that encompasses evaluation, diagnosis, education, treatment, and performance enhancement
• Includes interventions and evaluation methods to move toward and maintain healthier physiological functioning
Data collection orientation
• Very quantitative and takes a post-positivist paradigm.
What’s it called, again?
• Physiological Measures
• Biofeedback• Psychophysiology
Where did it come from?!
Greek and Roman physicians– Heart rate to index interpersonal
attraction
Where did it come from?!
• In China:– people used to
spit out rice to indicate if someone was lying or not. If the rice was dry, they were lying.
Development through time: Tell no lies
• Cesare Lombroso: used the first lie detection test in 1895.
• John Larson: invented the first polygraph.
• Leonarde Keeler: invented current polygraph in the 1920’s.
Development through time
• Dr. Hans Berger: father of electroencephalography– studied electrical activity in the human
brain.– In 1924 made first electroenkephlogram
(EEG) recording of brain.
Time Warp to 20th Century: Founding Folks
• Early researchers of psychophysiology– Riddle (1925)– Lasswell (1936)– Mittleman and Wolff (1939)– Boyd and DeMascio (1954).
• Developed in field of psychology and physiology
These founders then…• Explored relationships of psychological
constructs−Motivation−Speech rate−Emotions−Nature of relationships
• Connected them to specific physiological responses−Respiration−Pulse rate−Finger temperature−Skin conductance
Founder’s Failure!
• Failed because methods were weak• But, showed great forward thinking
– Linked biological and psychological approaches and out came psychophysiology!
Founder’s Fortune
• While the founders made errors, they provided for necessary steps in the methods evolution – The mistakes enabled future successes!– Enables researchers today to avoid
errors and mistakes.
Disciplines psychophysiology are used
in:• Social Psychology• Psychoneuroimmunology• Psychoneuroendocrinolog
y• Neurology• Criminal Science• Aviation/Flight training• Medical Field
Types of Indicators
• Perspiration• Muscle tension• Body temperature• Brain waves• Heart rate• Regional blood flow• Respiration
Some types of measurements and devices
• Electromyographic (EMG) sensors – measures electrical activity in muscles
• Galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors – monitors perspiration/sweat gland activity (also called Skin Conductance Level – SCL).
• Temperature sensors – measures changes in blood flow and body temperature
Some types of measurements and devices
• Electroencephalography (EEG) – measures the electrical activity of the brain through the scalp.
• Heart rate sensors – monitors the pulse rate (often in the finger).
• Respiratory sensors – monitors oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output.
Strengths
• Measures responses outside of the participant’s conscious control (reducing response-set bias).
• Measures real time basedmeasures of psychological constructs.
• Adds richness to a study by multi method triangulation.
• Measures constructs that are difficult to quantify without bias (e.g., love, prejudice, self-concept).
Weaknesses• It is difficult to obtain appropriate
background information. • The equipment can be very
expensive, cumbersome, and obtrusive.
• There is very rarely a one to one correspondence between specific behaviors and physiological responses (due to the complexity of behavior and the multi-functionality of physiological processes).
• It is difficult to operationalize and isolate a psychological construct.
• Researcher must be familiar with technology used.
Threats to validity
• Maturation• Testing• Instrumentation
Electrical Geodesics, Inc. (EGI) is making some pretty crazy contraptions…
Just relax!!