pennsylvania community on transition: building leadership to promote successful outcomes work-based...

Pennsylvania Community on Transition:Pennsylvania Community on Transition:Building Leadership to Promote Successful Building Leadership to Promote Successful

OutcomesOutcomes

Work-Based Learning Activities Linked to Work-Based Learning Activities Linked to Academic StandardsAcademic Standards

July 23, 2008July 23, 2008

Brian Berry, Ph.D.Brian Berry, Ph.D.Roseanna Wright, Ph.D.Roseanna Wright, Ph.D.Holy Family UniversityHoly Family University

Work-Based Learning Activities Work-Based Learning Activities Linked to Academic StandardsLinked to Academic Standards

1.1. ““Standards” discussedStandards” discussed2.2. Rationale for looking at employment Rationale for looking at employment

to meet Standardsto meet Standards3.3. PA Academic StandardsPA Academic Standards4.4. Sample job duties – Link to StandardsSample job duties – Link to Standards5.5. DiscussionDiscussion

STANDARDSSTANDARDS

Standards: Raised Expectations for Standards: Raised Expectations for AllAll

StandardStandard - - ““Something, such as a practice or a Something, such as a practice or a

product, that is widely recognized or product, that is widely recognized or employed, especially because of its employed, especially because of its excellence”excellence”

““An acknowledged measure of An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or comparison for quantitative or qualitative value; a criterion.”qualitative value; a criterion.”

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth EditionThe American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition . . Retrieved June 10, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: Retrieved June 10, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: http://http://dictionary.reference.comdictionary.reference.com/browse/standard/browse/standard

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/standard




► In this era of high stakes testing, the In this era of high stakes testing, the call is for raised standardscall is for raised standards

► Compatible with higher expectations Compatible with higher expectations for students with disabilitiesfor students with disabilities

► However – high expectations and However – high expectations and raised standards has led to a one-raised standards has led to a one-size-fits-all mentality for measuring size-fits-all mentality for measuring success - success -


► Instead of responding to political calls Instead of responding to political calls for annual testing as the only method for annual testing as the only method for assessing student’s progress on for assessing student’s progress on standards, perhaps educators can standards, perhaps educators can articulate alternative ways for articulate alternative ways for addressing standardsaddressing standards

► Academic standards addressed through Academic standards addressed through employment or structured learning employment or structured learning experiences in community work settings experiences in community work settings

Chapter 4: Academic Standards and Chapter 4: Academic Standards and AssessmentsAssessments

► School entities shall assess the attainment School entities shall assess the attainment of academic standards … for purposes of of academic standards … for purposes of high school graduation and strategies for high school graduation and strategies for assisting students to attain them. assisting students to attain them.

► Plans for assessment developed by school Plans for assessment developed by school entities must take into account that entities must take into account that academic standards … academic standards … may be attained by may be attained by students in various waysstudents in various ways and shall be and shall be assessed in various ways. assessed in various ways.

► Children with disabilities may attain the Children with disabilities may attain the academic standards by completion of their academic standards by completion of their individualized education programs under individualized education programs under the Individuals with Disabilities Education the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and this part. (4.12.f) Act and this part. (4.12.f)

Chapter 4: Academic Standards and Chapter 4: Academic Standards and AssessmentsAssessments

► The local assessment system shall be designed to include The local assessment system shall be designed to include a variety of assessment strategies which may include the a variety of assessment strategies which may include the following: following:

(1) Written work by students. (1) Written work by students. (2) Scientific experiments conducted by students. (2) Scientific experiments conducted by students. (3) Works of art or musical, theatrical or dance(3) Works of art or musical, theatrical or dance (4) (4) Other demonstrations, performances, products or Other demonstrations, performances, products or

projects by students related to specific academic projects by students related to specific academic standards. standards.

(5) Examinations developed by teachers to assess specific (5) Examinations developed by teachers to assess specific academic standards. academic standards.

(6) Nationally-available achievement tests. (6) Nationally-available achievement tests. (7) Diagnostic assessments. (7) Diagnostic assessments. (8) Evaluations of portfolios of student work related to (8) Evaluations of portfolios of student work related to

achievement of academic standards. achievement of academic standards. (9) (9) Other measures as appropriateOther measures as appropriate, which may include , which may include

standardized tests. (4.52.e - Local Assessment Systems) standardized tests. (4.52.e - Local Assessment Systems)

STANDARDS & STANDARDS & EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT

RationaleRationale►Many Students need non-traditional Many Students need non-traditional

strategies and methods for learningstrategies and methods for learning►Employment settings provide nearly Employment settings provide nearly

unlimited diversity in types of unlimited diversity in types of activities completed and skills learnedactivities completed and skills learned

►Employment settings can provide Employment settings can provide activities that can be customized to activities that can be customized to meet the individual needs of learnersmeet the individual needs of learners

New Jersey ExampleNew Jersey ExampleStructured Learning Structured Learning Experiences (SLE)Experiences (SLE)

Structured Learning Structured Learning Experiences (SLE) Experiences (SLE) N.J.A.C. 6A:19-N.J.A.C. 6A:19-

6.46.4 ► “…“…experiential, supervised educationalexperiential, supervised educational

activities designed to provide students with activities designed to provide students with exposureexposure to the requirements and to the requirements and responsibilities of specific job titles or job responsibilities of specific job titles or job groups, … and (assist in) making career and groups, … and (assist in) making career and educational decisions. educational decisions.

► may be either paid or may be either paid or unpaidunpaid,….. ,….. ► must adhere to applicable State and Federal must adhere to applicable State and Federal

child labor laws and other rules of the State child labor laws and other rules of the State Departments of Education and Labor. “Departments of Education and Labor. “

Learning Experience Learning Experience (Fair Labor Standards Act Advisor)(Fair Labor Standards Act Advisor)

► A A planned programplanned program of job training and of job training and work experience for the student, work experience for the student, appropriate to the student's abilitiesappropriate to the student's abilities

► which includes training related to which includes training related to pre-pre-employmentemployment and employment skills to be and employment skills to be mastered at mastered at progressively higher levelsprogressively higher levels

► that are coordinated with learning in the that are coordinated with learning in the school-based learningschool-based learning component component

PA ACADEMIC PA ACADEMIC STANDARDSSTANDARDS

PA Academic PA Academic StandardsStandards – Access Point for All PA – Access Point for All PA

studentsstudents““An acknowledged measure of An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or comparison for quantitative or qualitative value; a criterion.”qualitative value; a criterion.”

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth EditionThe American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition . Retrieved . Retrieved October 10, 2006, from Dictionary.com website: October 10, 2006, from Dictionary.com website: http://http://dictionary.reference.comdictionary.reference.com

/browse/standard/browse/standard




PA Academic Standards:PA Academic Standards: Standards describe what (all) students Standards describe what (all) students

should know and be able to do …. at should know and be able to do …. at four grade levels (3/5/8/11 or four grade levels (3/5/8/11 or 4/7/10/12). 4/7/10/12).

http://www.pde.state.pa.us/stateboard_ed/cwp/view.asp?a=3&Q=76716

PA Academic Standards:PA Academic Standards:► The standards provide the The standards provide the targets fortargets for

instructioninstruction and and student learningstudent learning essential for success in all academic essential for success in all academic areas …. areas ….

►Although the standards are not a Although the standards are not a curriculum or a prescribed series of curriculum or a prescribed series of activities, school entities will use them activities, school entities will use them to develop a local school curriculum to develop a local school curriculum that will meet local students’ needs that will meet local students’ needs

http://www.pde.state.pa.us/stateboard_ed/cwp/view.asp?a=3&Q=76716

PA Academic Standards:PA Academic Standards: Standards are displayed by:Standards are displayed by:1. Standard (Reading, Writing, Speaking, Listening)1. Standard (Reading, Writing, Speaking, Listening)1.4 Area (Types of Writing)1.4 Area (Types of Writing)1.4.11 Grade Level (111.4.11 Grade Level (11thth Grade) Grade)1.4.11.E Indicator (Write a Personal Resume)1.4.11.E Indicator (Write a Personal Resume)

► Over 40 indicators for 11Over 40 indicators for 11thth grade language grade language arts – hundreds of indicators overallarts – hundreds of indicators overall

http://www.pde.state.pa.us/stateboard_ed/cwp/view.asp?a=3&Q=76716http://www.pde.state.pa.us/stateboard_ed/cwp/view.asp?a=3&Q=76716

PA Academic StandardsPA Academic Standards► Arts and HumanitiesArts and Humanities► Career EducationCareer Education► Civics and Civics and

GovernmentGovernment► EconomicsEconomics► Environment and Environment and

EcologyEcology► Family and Family and

Consumer ScienceConsumer Science

► GeographyGeography► Health, Safety and Health, Safety and

Physical EducationPhysical Education► HistoryHistory► MathematicsMathematics► Reading, Writing, Reading, Writing,

Speaking & ListeningSpeaking & Listening► Science and Science and

TechnologyTechnology

Standard 1. Reading, Writing, Standard 1. Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening Speaking and Listening

Standards:Standards:► “ “The language arts—Reading, Writing, The language arts—Reading, Writing,

Speaking and Listening—are unique Speaking and Listening—are unique because they are processes that because they are processes that students use to learn and make sense students use to learn and make sense of their world.” of their world.”

Reading, Writing, Speaking and Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening Standard Areas:Listening Standard Areas:

► 1.1. Learning to 1.1. Learning to Read IndependentlyRead Independently

► 1.2. Reading 1.2. Reading Critically in All Critically in All Content AreasContent Areas

► 1.3. Reading, 1.3. Reading, Analyzing and Analyzing and Interpreting Interpreting LiteratureLiterature

► 1.4. Types of Writing1.4. Types of Writing► 1.5. Quality of 1.5. Quality of

WritingWriting► 1.6. Speaking and 1.6. Speaking and

Listening Listening ► 1.7. Characteristics 1.7. Characteristics

and Function of the and Function of the English LanguageEnglish Language

► 1.8. Research1.8. Research

Reading, Writing, Speaking and Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening Standards:Listening Standards:

Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support challenge and support everyevery student to student to realize his or her realize his or her maximum potentialmaximum potential and to and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: acquire the knowledge and skills needed to:

Standard1.6.11 (Speaking and Listening)Standard1.6.11 (Speaking and Listening)A. Listen to others.A. Listen to others.► Ask clarifying questions.Ask clarifying questions.► Synthesize information, ideas and opinions Synthesize information, ideas and opinions

to determine relevancy.to determine relevancy.► Take notes.Take notes.

Sample 11Sample 11thth or 12 or 12thth Grade Grade Indicators Across StandardsIndicators Across Standards

► Understand the meaning of and apply key Understand the meaning of and apply key vocabulary across the various subject areas. vocabulary across the various subject areas. (RWSL)(RWSL)

► Participate in small and large group Participate in small and large group discussions and presentations.discussions and presentations.

Initiate everyday conversation (RWSL)Initiate everyday conversation (RWSL)► Examine and apply a decision making Examine and apply a decision making

process to the development of short and process to the development of short and long-term health goals. (Health, Safety, long-term health goals. (Health, Safety, Physical Ed.)Physical Ed.)


► Explain how radioactive isotopes that Explain how radioactive isotopes that are subject to decay can be used to are subject to decay can be used to estimate the age of materials. (Science estimate the age of materials. (Science -Chemistry)-Chemistry)

► Demonstrate the safe use of complex Demonstrate the safe use of complex tools and machines within their tools and machines within their specifications. (Science – Tech. Uses)specifications. (Science – Tech. Uses)

► Apply appropriate tools, materials and Apply appropriate tools, materials and processes to solve complex problems. processes to solve complex problems. (Science)(Science)


► Analyze Pennsylvania and United States Analyze Pennsylvania and United States court decisions that have affected court decisions that have affected principles and ideals of government in civic principles and ideals of government in civic life. life. • Civil rights• Civil rights• Commerce• Commerce• Judicial review• Judicial review• Federal supremacy (Civics and • Federal supremacy (Civics and Government)Government)

► PARC Decree; Gaskin AgreementPARC Decree; Gaskin Agreement


► Based on efficiency, aesthetics and Based on efficiency, aesthetics and psychology, evaluate space plans (e.g., psychology, evaluate space plans (e.g., home, office, work areas) for their ability home, office, work areas) for their ability to meet a variety of needs including to meet a variety of needs including those of individuals with special needs. those of individuals with special needs. (Family and Consumer Science)(Family and Consumer Science)

► Analyze career options based on personal Analyze career options based on personal interests, abilities, aptitudes, interests, abilities, aptitudes, achievements and goals. (Career achievements and goals. (Career Education)Education)

Sample Indicators from RWSLSample Indicators from RWSL► Listen to others.Listen to others.

Ask clarifying questions.Ask clarifying questions. Synthesize information, ideas and opinions to determine Synthesize information, ideas and opinions to determine

relevancy.relevancy. Take notes.Take notes.

► Listen to selections of literature (fiction and/or Listen to selections of literature (fiction and/or nonfiction).nonfiction).

Relate them to previous knowledge.Relate them to previous knowledge. Predict solutions to identified problems.Predict solutions to identified problems. Summarize and reflect on what has been heard.Summarize and reflect on what has been heard. Identify and define new words and concepts.Identify and define new words and concepts. Analyze and synthesize the selections relating them to Analyze and synthesize the selections relating them to

other selections heard or read. other selections heard or read.

Sample Indicators from RWSLSample Indicators from RWSL► Speak using skills appropriate to formal speech situations.Speak using skills appropriate to formal speech situations.

Use a variety of sentence structures to add interest to a Use a variety of sentence structures to add interest to a presentation. presentation.

Pace the presentation according to audience and purpose.Pace the presentation according to audience and purpose. Adjust stress, volume and inflection to provide emphasis to ideas Adjust stress, volume and inflection to provide emphasis to ideas

or to influence the audience.or to influence the audience.

► Contribute to discussions. Contribute to discussions. Ask relevant, clarifying questions.Ask relevant, clarifying questions. Respond with relevant information or opinions to questions asked.Respond with relevant information or opinions to questions asked. Listen to and acknowledge the contributions of others.Listen to and acknowledge the contributions of others. Adjust tone and involvement to encourage equitable participation.Adjust tone and involvement to encourage equitable participation. Facilitate total group participation.Facilitate total group participation. Introduce relevant, facilitating information, ideas and opinions to Introduce relevant, facilitating information, ideas and opinions to

enrich the discussion.enrich the discussion. Paraphrase and summarize as needed.Paraphrase and summarize as needed.

Sample Indicators from RWSLSample Indicators from RWSL► Participate in small and large group discussions and Participate in small and large group discussions and

presentations.presentations. Initiate everyday conversation.Initiate everyday conversation. Select and present an oral reading on an assigned topic.Select and present an oral reading on an assigned topic. Conduct interviews.Conduct interviews. Participate in a formal interview (e.g., for a job, college).Participate in a formal interview (e.g., for a job, college). Organize and participate in informal debate around a specific topic.Organize and participate in informal debate around a specific topic. Use evaluation guides (e.g., National Issues Forum, Toastmasters) to Use evaluation guides (e.g., National Issues Forum, Toastmasters) to

evaluate group discussion (e.g., of peers, on television). evaluate group discussion (e.g., of peers, on television). ► Use media for learning purposes.Use media for learning purposes.

Use various forms of media to elicit information, to make a student Use various forms of media to elicit information, to make a student presentation and to complete class assignments and projects.presentation and to complete class assignments and projects.

Evaluate the role of media in focusing attention and forming Evaluate the role of media in focusing attention and forming opinions.opinions.

Create a multi-media (e.g., film, music, computer-graphic) Create a multi-media (e.g., film, music, computer-graphic) presentation for display or transmission that demonstrates an presentation for display or transmission that demonstrates an understanding of a specific topic or issue or teaches others about it.understanding of a specific topic or issue or teaches others about it.

Process for utilizing PA Process for utilizing PA Academic Standards for Academic Standards for

increasing Inclusionincreasing Inclusion► ID PA Standard Area indicatorID PA Standard Area indicator► Link indicator to desired activity or skillLink indicator to desired activity or skill► ID condition for performance to be ID condition for performance to be

measured:measured:““When asked by peers” When asked by peers” ““While in general education settingsWhile in general education settings““When asked in multiple settingsWhen asked in multiple settings

► Develop Goals and objectives to address Develop Goals and objectives to address academic standardacademic standard

Sample Job Duties – Sample Job Duties – Link to StandardsLink to Standards

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