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Page 1: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,
Page 2: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to g, ,Treatment Core Skills Training

d b l f h f l h d bPrepared by JBS International, Inc., for the Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

Contract No. HHSS28320070000311HHSS28300002T

Page 3: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Forget Everything You Knowg y g

• About what constitutes a substance use problem.

• About how substance use problems are pidentified.

• About how to treat substance use problemsAbout how to treat substance use problems.

3

Page 4: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

A New Initiative

• Substance use screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a systems change initiative.  As such, we are required to shift our view toward a new paradigm, and;– Re‐conceptualize how we understand substance use problems.

– Re‐define how we identify substance use problems.

– Re‐design how we treat substance use problems.4

Page 5: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

HistoricallyHistorically

Society has viewed substance use as:Society has viewed substance use as: A moral problem An individual problemA f il bl A family problem

A social problem A criminal justice problem A combination of one or more

The solution to any problem must be driven by its presumed causeits presumed cause.   If substance use is caused by a moral problem… ….what is its solution?

If substance use is caused by a criminal justice problem……what is its solution?

5

Page 6: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Substance Use Is

A P bli H l h P bl6

A Public Health Problem

Page 7: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Learning from Public Healthg

• The public health system of care routinelyscreens for potential medical problemsscreens for potential medical problems (cancer, diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, vitamin deficiencies renal function) providesvitamin deficiencies, renal function), provides preventative services prior to the onset of acute symptoms and delays or precludes theacute symptoms, and delays or precludes the development of chronic conditions.

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Page 8: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Historicallyy

• Substance Use Services have been bifurcated, focusing on two areas onlyfocusing on two areas only:– Primary Prevention – Precluding or delaying the onset of substance useonset of substance use.

– Tertiary Treatment – Providing time, cost, and labor intensive care to patients who are acutely orlabor intensive care to patients who are acutely or chronically ill with a substance use disorder.

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Page 9: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

T diti l T t tSubstance Dependent

Traditional Treatment

Abstinence

No Problem No Intervention

Primary Prevention

Drink Responsibly

9

Page 10: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The Current ModelA C ti f S b t UA Continuum of Substance Use

Abstinence Responsible Use

Dependence

10

Page 11: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

An Outdated Model

• This model (paradigm) of substance use:– Fails to recognize a full continuum of substance use behavior.

– Fails to recognize a full continuum of substance bluse problems.

– Fails to provide a full continuum of substance use i t tiinterventions.

WHY?WHY?11

Page 12: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The outdated model defines a substance use problem as…

DependenceDependence

12

Page 13: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

By failing to recognize a full continuum of substance use behavior a full continuum ofsubstance use behavior, a full continuum of substance use problems, and not providing a full continuum of substance use interventionsfull continuum of substance use interventions the outdated model has failed to provide resources in the area of greatest needresources in the area of greatest need.

13

Page 14: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The SBIRT model defines a substance use problem as…

Excessive UseExcessive Use

14

Page 15: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Excessive Use Results InExcessive Use Results In

• Trauma and trauma recidivism.• Causation or exacerbation of health conditions.• Exacerbation of mental health conditions.• Alcohol poisoning.• DUI.• Domestic and other forms of violence.• Transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.• Unintended pregnancies.p g• Substance Dependence.15

Page 16: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

By recognizing a full continuum of substance use behavior a full continuum of substance usebehavior, a full continuum of substance use problems, and by providing a full continuum of substance use interventions the SBIRTof substance use interventions the SBIRT model can provide resources in the area of 

greatest needgreatest need.

16

Page 17: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Substance DependentTraditional Treatment

Abstinence

Excessive UseBrief Intervention

Brief Therapy

No Problem Screening and Feedback

Drink Responsibly

Primary Prevention

17

Drink Responsibly

Page 18: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The SBIRT ModelA C i f S b UA Continuum of Substance Use

AbstinenceSocial Use Abuse

Experimental Use

Binge Use

Dependence

18

Page 19: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

U.S. Population

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Page 20: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Dependentp

20

Page 21: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Excessive

21

Page 22: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

4% DependentBrief Intervention and Referral for additional Services

25%

71%Low Risk orAbstinence

No Intervention or screening and        Feedback71%

22

Drinking Behavior Intervention Need

Page 23: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

6666

1111

23

Page 24: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The Costs of Substance Use

• The bulk of the societal, personal, and health care related costs are not a result of substance dependence but of excessive substance use.  Until such time as we acknowledge this fact, g ,and address it appropriately, we are unlikelyto make significant progress towards a g p gsolution.

Consider ThisConsider This24

Page 25: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

IfIf

We could provide a 100% cure to everyWe could provide a 100% cure to every substance dependent person in the United 

States we wouldn’t be close to solving most ofStates we wouldn t be close to solving most of the substance related problems in our 

countrycountry.

25

Page 26: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The SBIRT ModelA Continuum of InterventionsA Continuum of Interventions

Primary Prevention – Precluding or delaying the onset of substance use.

Secondary Prevention and Intervention – Providing time, cost, and labor sensitive care to patients who are at riskfor psycho‐social or healthcare problems related to theirfor psycho‐social or healthcare problems related to their substance use choices.

Tertiary Treatment Providing time cost and labor Tertiary Treatment – Providing time, cost, and labor intensive care to patients who are acutely or chronically ill with a substance use disorder.

26

Page 27: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Primary Goaly

• The primary goal of SBIRT is not to identify those who are dependent and need higher levels of carewho are dependent and need higher levels of care.

• The primary goal of SBIRT is to identify those who are at moderate or high risk for psycho‐social orare at moderate or high risk for psycho social or health care problems related to their substance use choices.

27

Page 28: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

NIAAA Definitions

L Ri k Low Risk: Healthy Men < 65 

≤ 4 drinks per day               AND ≤ 14 drinks per week

Healthy Women & Men ≥ 65  ≤ 3 drinks per day               AND  ≤ 7 drinks per week

Hazardous:  Pattern that increases risk for adverse consequences.q

Harmful:  Negative consequences have already occurred.

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Page 29: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The SBIRT Conceptp

SBIRT bli h lth h t i l i• SBIRT uses a public health approach to universal screening for substance use problems.– SBIRT provides:

• Immediate rule out of non‐problem users;• Identification of levels of risk;Id tifi ti f ti t h ld b fit f• Identification of patients who would benefit from brief advise;

• Identification of patients who would benefit from higher levels of care, and;

• Progressive levels of clinical interventions based on need and motivation for change. g

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Page 30: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The Moving Partsg

Pre screening (universal) Pre‐screening (universal). Full screening (for those with a positive pre‐screen). Brief Intervention (for those scoring over the cut offBrief Intervention (for those scoring over the cut off point).

Extended Brief Interventions or Brief Treatment or (f th h h d t i k hi h i k b(for those who have moderate risk, high risk, abuse, or dependence, would benefit from ongoing, targeted interventions, and are willing to engage).

Traditional Treatment (for those who are dependent and are willing to engage).

30

Page 31: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Let’s Review

h• SBIRT is a systems change initiative requiring us to re‐conceptualize, re‐define, and re‐design our entire approach to substance use problems and services.p

• SBIRT uses a public health approach.• The current model defines the problem as dependence.• The SBIRT model defines the problem as excessive use.• SBIRT recognizes a continuum of substance use behavior, a 

continuum of substance use problems and a continuum ofcontinuum of substance use problems, and a continuum of substance use interventions.

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Page 32: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Prescreening Strategyg gy

Use brief yet valid screening questions:

• Based on previous experiences with SBIRT, screening will Negativescreening questions:

• The NIAAA Single 

gyield 75−80 percent negative responses.

g

Question Screener

• The Single Question • If you get a positive The Single Question Drug Screener

screen, you may ask further assessment questions.

Positive

Page 33: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Prescreening for Alcohol

P D i d i k bPrescreen: Do you sometimes drink beer, wine, or other alcoholic beverages?

NO YES

NIAAA Single Screener: How many times in the past year have you had five drinks (for men) or four drinks (for women or clients 

over age 65) or more in a day?

If you get one or more affirmative answers, move on to full screen.

Sensitivity/Specificity: 82%/79%

Source: Smith, P. C., Schmidt, S. M., Allensworth‐Davies, D., & Saitz, R. (2009). Primary care validation of a single‐question alcohol screening test. J Gen Intern Med, 24(7), 783−788.

Page 34: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

When Screening, It Is Useful To Clarify What Constitutes One Drink!What Constitutes One Drink!

Page 35: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

How Much Is “One Drink”?

12‐oz glass of beer (one can)5‐oz glass of wine   g ( )(5 glasses in one bottle)

1.5‐oz spirits1.5 oz spirits 80‐proof1 jigger Equivalent to 14 grams pure alcohol

Page 36: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

THE ALCOHOL, SMOKING AND SUBSTANCE INVOLVEMENTSUBSTANCE INVOLVEMENT 

SCREENING TEST (ASSIST)(ASSIST)

Page 37: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The ASSIST

• Developed under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO)

• A group of addiction researchers and clinicians developed the ASSIST to address the overwhelming public health burden associated with psychoactive substance use worldwide.

Page 38: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The ASSIST continued

• The ASSIST (version 3.1) is an 8 item questionnaire designed to be administered byquestionnaire designed to be administered by a health worker to a client using paper and pencilpencil

• Takes about 5‐10 minutes to administerASSIST d i d t b lt ll t l• ASSIST was designed to be culturally neutral

Page 39: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

The ASSIST

• screens for use of the following substances:– tobacco products

alcohol– alcohol– cannabis– cocaine– amphetamine‐type stimulants (ATS)– sedatives and sleeping pills (benzodiazepines)– hallucinogensg– inhalants– opioids

other drugs– other drugs

Page 40: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

ASSIST Q 1‐4Q

Q i 1 (Q1) k b hi h b h b d i• Question 1 (Q1) asks about which substances have ever been used in the client’s lifetime.

• Question 2 (Q2) asks about the frequency of substance use in the past three months, which gives an indication of the substances which are most relevant to current health status.

• Question 3 (Q3) asks about the frequency of experiencing a strong Q (Q ) q y p g gdesire or urge to use each substance in the last three months.

• Question 4 (Q4) asks about the frequency of health, social, legal or financial problems related to substance use in the last three monthsfinancial problems related to substance use in the last three months.

See ASSIST screen handout

Page 41: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

ASSIST Q 5‐8Q

Q i 5 (Q5) k b h f i h hi h f h• Question 5 (Q5) asks about the frequency with which use of each substance has interfered with role responsibilities in the past three months.

• Question 6 (Q6) asks if anyone else has ever expressed concern about the client’s use of each substance and how recently that occurred.

• Question 7 (Q7) asks whether the client has ever tried to cut down or Q (Q )stop use of a substance, and failed in that attempt, and how recently that occurred. 

• Question 8 (Q8) asks whether the client has ever injected any substance• Question 8 (Q8) asks whether the client has ever injected any substance and how recently that occurred.

See ASSIST screen handout

Page 42: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Scoring of the ASSISTg

• The ASSIST screening questions provide an indication of the level of risk associated with the client’s substance use, and whether use is hazardous and likely to be causing harm(now or in the future) if use continues.

Page 43: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

ASSIST Scoringg

A)  ASSIST risk score for tobacco (range 0 – 31)

B)  ASSIST risk score for alcohol (range 0 – 39)

C) ASSIST risk score for cannabis (range 0 – 39)C)  ASSIST risk score for cannabis (range 0  39)

D)  ASSIST risk score for cocaine (range 0 – 39)

E)  ASSIST risk score for amphetamine‐type stimulants (range 0 – 39)

F)  ASSIST risk score for inhalants (range 0 – 39)

G)  ASSIST risk score for sedatives or sleeping pills (range 0 – 39)

H) ASSIST risk score for hallucinogens (range 0 39 )H) ASSIST risk score for hallucinogens (range 0 – 39 )

I)  ASSIST risk score for opioids (range 0 – 39)

J)  ASSIST risk score for “other” drug (range 0 – 39 )

Page 44: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

ASSIST Levels of RiskASSIST Levels of Risk

Page 45: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Questions/Discussion About Screening

Page 46: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

BREAK

Page 47: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

SBIRT Brief Intervention Based on MI

• There are several examples for brief intervention, including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail D’Onofrio MD Edoriginally developed by Gail D Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick, MD.

The BNI is a semistructured interview process basedThe BNI is a semistructured interview process based on MI that is a proven evidence‐based practice and can be completed in 5−15 minutes.can be completed in 5 15 minutes. 

Page 48: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Goals of Brief Intervention

• For the at‐risk user: The goal is to negotiate a reduction in use to lower risk levels. F h h h b• For the person who appears to have a substance use disorder: The goal is to negotiate a treatment referral for full assessment and a level of intervention to befor full assessment and a level of intervention to be determined.

Page 49: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Starting Off….

How Not To Intervene video example

http://www.bu.edu/bniart/sbirt‐in‐health‐care/sbirt‐http://www.bu.edu/bniart/sbirt in health care/sbirteducational‐materials/sbirt‐videos/

Page 50: Overview Screening and BNI rHH 328...including the “Brief Negotiation Interview” (BNI), originally developed by Gail DDOnofrio’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick,

Steps in the Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI)Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI)

1. Build rapport—raise the subject.

Di h d f— Discuss the pros and cons of use.

2.  Provide feedback.

3.  Build readiness to change. 

4.  Negotiate a plan for change.

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1. Build Rapport—Raise the Subject

1. Begin with a general conversation.

2. Ask permission to talk about alcohol or drugs:

– Would you mind taking a few minutes to talk with me about your use of alcohol (or X)?y f ( )

– What’s a normal day look like for you, and where and how does alcohol fit? 

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Discussing the Pros and Cons of UseDiscussing the Pros and Cons of Use

1. Help me understand through your eyes. What are the good things about using alcohol?

2. What are some of the not‐so‐good things about using alcohol? 

3. Summarize using a decisional balance…  – So on the one hand “PROS ” and on the otherSo on the one hand  PROS,  and on the other hand “CONS.” 

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2 Provide Feedback2. Provide Feedback

k f1. Ask permission to give information:– I have some information about guidelines for low ‐risk drinking; would you mind if I shared them with you?drinking; would you mind if I shared them with you?

– We know that 4 or more drinks (for a female), 5 or more drinks (for a male) in one sitting, or more than 7 (for a 

/female), 14 (for a male) in a week, and/or use of illicit drugs can put a person at risk for illness or injury and other problems.p

2. Discuss screening findings. 3. Link use behaviors to any known consequences.4. Elicit a reaction, facilitate a reflective discussion.

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3 Build Readiness To Change3. Build Readiness To Change 

• So could we talk for a few minutes about your interest in making a• So could we talk for a few minutes about your interest in making a change?

• On a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being not ready at all and 10 being completely ready, how ready are you to make any changes in your alcohol use?

• You marked (or said)___. That’s great. That means you are ___ % ( )___ g y ___ready to make change.

• Why did you choose that number and not a lower one like a 1 or a 2? Sounds like you have some important reasons for change2? Sounds like you have some important reasons for change.

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4 Plan for Change4. Plan for Change

• A plan for reducing use to low risk levels OR

• An agreement to follow up with specialty treatment services

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How To InterveneHow To Intervene

BNI Vid D t tiBNI Video Demonstration

http://www.bu.edu/bniart/sbirt‐in‐health‐care/sbirt‐educational‐materials/sbirt‐videos/

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BNI Practice SessionBNI Practice Session

• Roles• Patient• Interviewer• Observer• Observer

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Process: Role‐PlayProcess: Role‐Play

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Closing Discussion

Why might you choose to implement SBIRT?Why might you choose to implement SBIRT?

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Questions?

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Additional Information on SBIRT

Babor, T. F., McRee, B. G., Kassebaum, P. A., Grimaldi, P. L., Ahmed, K., & Bray, J. (2007). Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT): Toward a public health approach to the management of substance abuse. Substance Abuse 28, 7‒30.

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2007). Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) for trauma patients:  Committee on Trauma Quick Guide. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, HHS. Publication No. (SMA) 07‐4266. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available at http://sbirt.samhsa.gov/documents/SBIRT_guide_Sep07.pdf

D’Onofrio , G., Bernstein, E., & Rollnick, S. (1996). Motivating patients for change: A brief strategy for negotiation. In E. Bernstein  and J. Bernstein (Eds), Case studies in emergency medicine and the health of the public (pp. 295‒303). Boston: Jones and Bartlett,.

D’Onofrio , G., Pantalon , M. V., Degutis , L. C., Fiellin, D. A., & O’Connor, P. G. (2005). Development and implementation of an emergency practitioner‐performed brief intervention for hazardous and harmful drinkers in the emergency department. Academy of Emergency Medicine  12, 249‒256.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: A clinician’s guide.  http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/CliniciansGuide2005/clinicians_guide.htm

World Health Organization. Brief intervention for substance use: A manual for use in primary care. (n.d.). http://wwwwho int/substance abuse/activities/en/Draft Brief Intervention for Substance Use pdfhttp://www.who.int/substance_abuse/activities/en/Draft_Brief_Intervention_for_Substance_Use.pdf

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Acknowledgementg

We wish to thank Gail D’Onofrio, MD, Ed Bernstein, MD; and Steven Rollnick, MD for granting permission to useand Steven Rollnick, MD for granting permission to use materials developed at the Boston University Medical Center and the Yale University School of Medicine.