Organic Chemistry (Chapter 2.3, 2.4)Please set up your notebook for Cornell Notes

Compounds that contain carbon are organicCarbons can link together to form large molecules called macromolecules

4 macromolecules important in biologyCarbohydrates

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

C6H12O6 GlucoseUsed for energy storage or for structural purposesSugars end in –ose, also call saccharides

Monosaccharide single sugar moleculeGalactose, Fructose

Polysaccharides many monosaccharides linked together

Glycogen, cellulose

Lipids fats, oils, and waxesMade mostly of carbon and hydrogenNot water solubleUsed to store energy, in membranes and waterproof coverings, steroidsSaturated fatty acid no double bonds b/w carbons, tend to be solid at room temp

Butter, lardUnsaturated fatty acid contains at least one double bond b/w carbons, tend to be liquid at room temperature

Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil

Nucleic acidsContain hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and phosphorusMade up of units called nucleotidesTwo types

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNARibonucleic acid RNA

Contain genetic material

ProteinsContain hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogenMade up of subunits called amino acidsEach protein has a specific shape and function depending on the arrangement of the amino acids

Enzyme type of protein that acts as a catalystA catalyst speeds up chemical reactions without being used up or changedThe substances (reactants) an enzyme works on are called substrates

The substrate binds to the enzyme at a spot called the active siteThey remain bound together until the reaction is overThey unbind and the enzyme is free to bind to another substrate

Enzymes have optimal temperaturesMost enzymes work best at 37 C (body temp)

Cells turn enzymes off and on depending on when they are needed