Oral presentation of scientific research article/paper

Designed, written and presented by:Saeed Zarein-Dolab PhDE-mail: sdolab@yahoo.com

szarein@sbmu.ac.ir

1. PREPARATION AND PLANNING 2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL

PRESENTATION Introduction Body Conclusion3. Dealing with questions4. Body Language

1. PREPARATION AND PLANNING

What is the aim? W ho am I talking to? How much they know about the topic? What are they interested to know? What are the points I want to make? How many people are there? How big is the room? What tools do I need? when How long

2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION

Introduction (3 slides: Introducing yourself, finding/purpose/question, outline)

Body (introduction 0-8, materials & methods 1-10, findings 1-20)

Conclusion, recommendation (1-4 slides)

2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION: introduction

Getting the audience’s attention and signaling the beginning

Greeting the audience Introducing oneself Giving the title and introducing the subject Reason for choosing the title Announcing the duration of the presentation

Stating the objectives (purpose, aim, goals) Presenting the outline Announcing the possibility of commenting or

asking questions

Qualitative analysis of first drafts of manuscripts written in article writing workshops in an EFL context

Presenter:Saeed Zarein-Dolab PhDAssociate ProfessorShahid Beheshti Medical University Tehran-Iran

5th EATAW Conference, 2009The Roles of Writing Development in Higher Education and Beyond

Evaluating the modular education in higher education, developing a modular educational framework and predicting its applicability in clinical education

Hamideh ReshadatjooPhD in Higher EducationIslamic Azad University: Science and Research Branch

Saeed Zarein-Dolab (The presenter)PhD in TEFLzarein@sbmu.ac.irShahid Beheshti University: Medical Campus, Tehran, Iran

Right. Well. OK. Erm, Good, Fine, great.Shall we start?Let’s begin.Can we start?Let’s get the ball rolling.Let’s get down to business

Getting the audience’s attention and signaling the beginning :

Greeting the audience

HelloGood morning (up to 12)Good afternoon (from 12:01-18)Good evening (from 18:01 onwards)NO GOOD NIGHTHello fellow colleagues thank you for your kind attentionLadies and gentlemen

Greeting the audience (continued)

Members of the juryMembers of the boardMr chairman/chairwoman

Introducing oneselfName, position, university, city and country:

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, let me introduce myself, my name is Saeed Zarein-Dolab PhD and I am an associate professor of Shaheed Beheshti Medicall university in Tehran-Iran.

Good morning everyone, I’d like to start by introducing myself. My name is Dr. Saeed Zarein-Dolab. I am an associate professor of English language in Shaheed Beheshti Medical University in Tehran-Iran.

XXXX I am the head of medical school of

XXX I am researcher from …. I’ve been working on the subject now for 10 years..I’ve had wide experience in the field of ….

Good morning, my name is Saeed Zarein-Dolab. I am a PhD student at Bristol University and I would like to talk to you about some of my findings in a study I did on XXXXX

Other examples

Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to talk about XX I would like to report on a research

conducted on XXX in Iran in 2010 I would like to thank the authorities of this

seminar specially Dr Broadfoot for providing this opportunity for me to present the results of a research study conducted on XX

Ladies and gentlemenIt is my great pleasure to report on my research

conducted on I am very much pleased to have this opportunity to

present/report/share my experiences on X on Y in Z with you in this seminar.

I would like to thank you for participating in this oral presentation and I hope you do not get bored. This oral presentation is about ………

I am pretty sure you would be excited at the end of this presentation ….

The host introducing the guest speaker

Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very pleased and proud to introduce Dr XXX who is a lecturer in XXX university. He is known for his extensive research on ….

Now I’ll turn the floor over to today’s speaker.

Giving the title and introducing subject

I plan to speak about …. Today I am going to talk about The subject of my today presentation is .. The theme of my talk is … I’ve been asked to give you an overview of .. I ‘d like to reflect on the results of my

research on xxxx conducted in Tehran-Iran in 2004.

Reason for choosing the title

I have chosen to speak about this topic because

I was asked to speak about this because ..

Announcing the duration of the presentation

I will not speak more than 20 minutes I have limited my presentation/speech to 10

minutes My talk will last about 20 minutes. I will speak about 12 minutes

The question

Is it possible to improve faculty members’ research writing ability through a two-day workshop? And if yes, how successful it would be?

The purpose

To evaluate the present and the ideal situation of modular education

To develop a Modular Educational Framework for higher education

To seek the consensus over the applicability of the framework in higher education and medical education

The purpose

The main purpose of the study was:to examine the relation between X

and Y in X patients

The specific aims were:1. to 2.

Stating the objectives (purpose, aim, goals)

My purpose in presenting this paper is to give you a solid background on the subject of XXXXXX (so that

What I would like to do today is:to explain how we can reduce risk of …to illustrate how economy changes when …to give you the essential background information ..to have a look at how different teaching approaches

affects students’ performances on ..

What I want my listeners to get out of my speech is:

How different teaching approaches affect students’ performances on …

If there is one thing I’d like to get across to you today is:

That how different To explain how different

Your outline

Your outline should be about 4-8 points The outline should be of the same

grammatical structures

Three slides: Title page Purpose/ finding/objectives/question Outline

Outline (3)

The outline of the presentation:1) methods of teaching2) Data collection/treatment3) Results4) conclusion

Outline

The problem / the need for the study Data collection Participants Method of analysis Findings The actual presentation of the framework Conclusion suggestions

I have broken my speech down/up into four parts. At first I explain about different methods of teaching. Then I describe how students were selected and data was collected. In the third part, I present the results of the analysis and at the final part I talk about the conclusion of the research.

I have divided my presentation up into four parts …..

In the first part I will give a few basic definitions of

In the next section I will explain In part three, I am going to show .. In the last part I would like/want to give a

practical example ….

Announcing the possibility of commenting or asking questions

I’d ask you to save your questions for the end. There will be plenty of time at the end of my

presentation for a discussion You may interrupt me at any moment to ask

questions or make comments Please stop me if you don’t understand any

thing I say but could you keep any specific questions until after I‘ve finished.

Making a transition between introduction and the body

Now let us turn to point one. Let us now move to second point, which is,

as I said earlier, about (the data collection)

2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION: the body

Body

In most cases you will have to limit the content, as time is usually precious!

Introduction: (0-4slide)Known (optional) The problem or unknownPurpose/question Material and method: (1,10 slides)Data collectionProcedure

Introduction

The importance of modular education Literature on ME The purpose of the study

Stating the problem

Modular education has been of much attention but little is conducted to:– Show the actual dimensions– The relevant indices– The general framework to conduct it more

efficiently

The materials and methods

It can be divided into 1-10 slides Data collection, patient selection,

questionnaire design, criteria for the selection of the XXX, preparation

Procedure, treatment, surgery, intervention,

Data collection

1. A general survey of the documentations of modularization in Iran and the world

2. Questionnaires– A. the authorities/lecturers in modular education– B. students in modular education– C. open ended questionnaire

3. Interview 4. Field observation

Selection of the plants

The plants Quantity The average age Number of buds

Environment– Climatic conditions

Materials & methods

The data were collected: through three stages:1. Stage one: selecting the participants2. Stage two: preparing them for the exam

a. b.

3. Stage three: sitting for the exam

How the study was conducted

The selection of the patients The preparation for surgery The procedure of the surgery The recovery

Materials & methods (procedure)

The surgery was conducted through three stages:1. Stage one:2. Stage two:

a. b.

3. Stage three

Stage one: selection of the participants

The following criteria were used for the selection of the participants

1. Age (20-25)2. Education 3. Economical status4. Marriage

Materials & methods

Methods of assessing the students ability1. Multiple choice questions2. Cloze test3. Recall in first language

findings

It can be divided into 1-20 (or even more) slides.

The discussion is also done on the tables, or figures

The important lines or cells should be highlighted

Results: (1-20)The purpose (optional)What was doneThe results / graphs/charts Conclusion: (1-4 slides)The answerRecommendation

The present situationindices Mean SD n t p

General designing of modular sytems 2.35 0.53 75 5.51 0.01Features of modules 2.33 0.71 77 4.08 0.01Components of modules 2.48 0.59 79 7.67 0.01Student admission 3.24 0.75 95 3.08 0.01Feedback 2.17 0.73 81 10.15 0.01Evaluation and accreditation of materials 2.28 0.68 73 8.92 0.01Management and recruitment 2.75 0.77 91 3.01 0.08Reengineering of the modules 2.50 0.88 91 5.34 0.01Graduation 2.67 0.84 82 4.08 0.01

The ideal situationindices Mean SD n t p

General designing of modular sytems 2.35 0.53 75 5.51 0.01Features of modules 2.33 0.71 77 4.08 0.01Components of modules 2.48 0.59 79 7.67 0.01Student admission 3.24 0.75 95 3.08 0.01Feedback 2.17 0.73 81 10.15 0.01Evaluation and accreditation of materials 2.28 0.68 73 8.92 0.01Management and recruitment 2.75 0.77 91 3.01 0.08Reengineering of the modules 2.50 0.88 91 5.34 0.01Graduation 2.67 0.84 82 4.08 0.01

The comparison between the ideal and present situationsindices Mean SD n t p

General designing of modular sytems 2.35 0.53 75 5.51 0.01Features of modules 2.33 0.71 77 4.08 0.01Components of modules 2.48 0.59 79 7.67 0.01Student admission 3.24 0.75 95 3.08 0.01Feedback 2.17 0.73 81 10.15 0.01Evaluation and accreditation of materials 2.28 0.68 73 8.92 0.01Management and recruitment 2.75 0.77 91 3.01 0.08Reengineering of the modules 2.50 0.88 91 5.34 0.01Graduation 2.67 0.84 82 4.08 0.01

The oral presentation of the findings slides

As you can see in table one, there is a significant improvement in XXXX, this improvement may be due to several factors such as a, b, c, and d (presented in another slide)

As it is completely clear from this diagram, the incidence of the disease increases in winter and usually there is a sharp decrease in summer. This is possibly explained by the fact that …….

This picture shows the distribution of the patches around the chick, as you can observe the patches are more colorful and ….

This has also been observed in other studies

Filling the gaps when changing the slides, etc

Let's look at the current distribution of the market, as you can see...

I'm going to show you now the most recent figures available...

My next slide concerns the method by which...

Pointing to important points in the slides

The first line of figures is the most revealing...

Please Notice/observe how the increase has had an effect on the...

What is important here is the way that...

Emphasizing/highlighting

Indicating something is important: The important thing to remember is... The essential element is...

Stress verbs with your voice. We experimented with the concept over a period of

three years.

Add auxiliary verbs for emphasis. We did see a noticeable difference.

Change the word order What I'd like to show today is the difference

between the two products. Good it may be, easy it isn't.

Repetition As I've said before... Let me repeat

Reviewing the question and providing answer (conclusion)

I'd like to summarize/sum up the results of the research. At first

At this stage I would like to run through/over the main points.

So, as we have seen today.marriage contracts provide certain obligations

As I have tried to explain this morning pathoplastic influences of adolescence may color the symptomatology of certain psychiatric diseases developed in teenagers. Thus certain psychiatric disorders such as psychosis may appear asymptomatic during adolescence.

conclusion

It usually has one to four slides

In conclusion the answer to the question of the study is that ……

The implications of what has been discussed are first …. second …

Conclusion/recommendation

According to the results of the study:– Recall in mother tongue is the best method of

assessing reading comprehension– Recall assessment is best conducted by using

Bernhart’ analysisWe recommend that:– Reading be assessed through recall in mother

tongue– The texts used in the classes be related to the

students’ field of study

Conclusion

According to the results of the study:– Recall in mother tongue is the best method of

assessing reading comprehension– Recall assessment is best conducted by using

Bernhart’ analysis

Recommending

As a result we suggest that… In the light of what we have seen today I

suggest that... My first proposal is... According to the results I mentioned earlier We

recommend that

Concluding

In conclusion I would like to say that... My final comments concern... I would like to finish by reminding everyone

that...

Announcing about the handouts/text/etc

I've prepared a slim folder of the proposals... In the sheets that are now being distributed

you will find a breakdown of the... You will be provided with a handout of the

presentation.

Thanking the audience

I would like to thank all of you for your attentionThank you for listening to my presentationMy sincere thanks and appreciation to all the

participants in this presentation. My sincere thanks and appreciation to all the

audience.

Dealing with ideas

Quantity Sequencing the ideas Linking ideas Signaling where you are Referencing to the other parts of the presentation Listing information Presenting the options Linking ideas Rhetorical questions Strategies which free attention resources

Quantity

How much information should you give? Enough to clearly develop your ideas.

Don’t forget to illustrate through examples.

Sequencing your ideas.

Here are a few possibilities for organizing your ideas: logical; chronological order; from general to specific; from known to unknown; from accepted to controversial; cause/effect; problem/solution.

Whatever sequencing you choose, the headings should be all of the same grammatical form.

Linking ideas

That's all I would like to say about... (subject of part A) and now let us turn to ....

Now that we've seen... let us turn to…

Signposting or signaling where you are.

Now that we have looked at the differences between A and B, lets consider the differences between C and D.

After having a clear idea about what the first teaching method is, lets turn to the second method which is ….

Referencing to the other parts of the presentation

As I said earlier … This is what we will discuss later in the

conclusion.

Listing information (oral presentation)

There are three things we have to consider: one, two, and three.

A, B, C. Now let us look at the first aspect which is... First of all,… In the first place…

Presenting the options (oral):

There seem to be two possible ways of testing students’ ability, Multiple choice questions and Cloze test. Let’s discuss about the first method.

There seem to be two possible ways of dealing with this...

We've looked at this from the point of view of the manufacturer but what about if

A number of options present themselves at this point....

What exactly are the benefits? On the plus side we can add... This is not the only weakness of the plan... We cannot ignore the problems that such an

action would create... We do not need to concern ourselves with… Of lesser interest are…

Linking ideas, sections/making transitions

That's all I would like to say about... (subject of part A) and now let us turn to ....

Now that we've seen... let us turn to…

Rhetorical questions

What is a rhetorical question? A question that you ask without expecting it to be answered. Why use such a question? In using such a question the speaker appears to be having a dialogue with the listeners. It also should catch their attention.

Have you ever seen/heard/experienced...? How can we explain this? What does that mean? What can be done about that? What does this imply for you, as a consumer?

Strategies which free attention resources

Reducing the number of words spoken in a minute to 50-100 words

Using rhetorical questions Pausing in the middle of presentation Repeating certain predetermined memorized

sentences– Related to the study– Stereotyped sentences

How to be more precise, clear and concrete

To give an example To rephrase To summeraize To emphasize To refer to what you have said To refer to you will say To refer to what experts say To refer to common knowledge

1. To give an example:

Now let's take an example. An example of this can be found... To illustrate this… Let's see this through an example. For example, For instance, e.g.

2. To rephrase:

Let me rephrase that, In other words Another way of saying the samething is That is to say i.e.

3. To summarize:

To summarize To sum up, Let me summarize by saying So that concludes my overview In conclusion Briefly said In short, What I've tried to show in this part... To recap what we've seen so far...

4. To emphasize

What is very significant is... What is important to remember... I'd like to emphasize the fact that... I’d like to stress the importance of... to highlight... to underline... What I tried to bring out... What we need to focus on...

5. To refer to what you have saidpreviously:

As I have already said earlier... As we saw in part one... To repeat what I've said already…

6. To refer to what you will say:

We will see this a little later on. This will be the subject of part 3. We will go into more detail on that later. For now, suffice to say...

7. To refer to what an expert says:

I quote the words of ... In the words of… According to... Here I'd like to quote… As Dr. X says in his book... There is a famous quotation that goes...

8. To refer to common knowledge:

As you all may well know... It is generally accepted that... As you are probably aware (of)... It is well substantiated that It has been well stablished that It has been addressed that It has been proved that

Thank you for your attention

I am ready to answer your questions

Dealing with questions

I'd be happy to answer any questions.... If there are any questions please feel free to

ask. Thank you very much for your attention and if

there are any suggestions or comments I would be happy to hear ..

Dealing with questions when not understood

Could you repeat the question? Could you rephrase your question? Could you put your question into other words? I assume by asking this question you mean

…. I reckon you mean …. I hope I have not got you wrong, by this

question you mean that ….

Dealing with difficult questions: buying time to think (delay strategy)

Just a minute please. What is a...? How can I put it? I'm glad you asked that question. That's a good question/point/remark. Can I answer that question later? Could you repeat your question? Could you put your question into another

word?

Could you rephrase your question? Would you put your question in writing? Could you write it down and hand it over to me? If you don’t mind please use capital letters. What do you think about this question? Is there anyone to have an answer to this question? I will provide you with a copy of the article in which you

can find the answer to your question. You can find the answer to your question in the

handouts. Could I answer your question after this presentation?

Dealing with difficult questions: admitting or providing alternative

Admit that you are not responsible. I saw that in the work of…Agree but give an alternative point of view I agree with you but there is another way of

looking at it.

Positive body language

eye contact to keep audiences' attention facial expressions should be natural and

friendly. Don't forget to smile. · raise eyebrows to show surprise · open eyes wide · squint your eyes

· knit your eyebrows to show consternation or puzzlement

Ø posture – stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean)

Ø movement - to indicate a change of focus, keep the audience's attention

· move forward to emphasize · move to one side to indicate a transition

gesture · up and down head motion or other movements to

indicate importance · pen or pointer to indicate a part, a place (on a

transparency /overhead slide). · shrug of the shoulders to indicate "I don't know!" · hands - back and forth = two possibilities, more or less · arm - movement back, forth

Negative body language

Ø loss of eye contact: looking at notes, looking at screen, at the board, at the floor

don't stare, or look blankly into people's eyes swaying back and forth like a pendulum back turned to the audience nervous ticks hands in pockets

Differences between the oral presentation and the manuscript of your article

The headings Some extra information Omitting main part of the introduction and

discussion Selection of main findings