ohio state's 2016 ash review - best of ash 2015 multiple myeloma and plasma cell dyscrasias
TRANSCRIPT
BEST OF ASH 2015 MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND PLASMA CELL DYSCRASIAS
Yvonne Efebera MD. MPH
Disclosure: Takeda: Speaker, adjudication Committee
Overall Survival from Time of Diagnosis in 6-yr Intervals based on date of Diagnosis
3
Kumar SK et al, Blood 2008: 111: 2516
Corticosteroids, Alkylating agents,
radiation, etc.
Thalidomide, lenalidomide, Bortezomib
4
Old regimen (VAD regimen)
New regimen incorporating Novel
agents
Overall response rate (ORR)
50-60% 80-100%
Complete response (CR) 16-25% 40-60%
Very good partial response (VGPR)
5-10% 20-30%
5 yr Overall survival (OS) ~30-40% 60-80%
Median time to disease progression (PFS)
15 months 25-30 months. Improved to 53 mos with Maintenance
Palumbo A et al, 2006, Lancet p825; Mateos MV et al, Blood 2010, p 2259; Facon T et al, lancet 2007, p 1209; Sacchi s, Leuk lymphoma 2011, p 1942;
A GREAT YEAR for Multiple Myeloma • 4 New drugs approved for relapsed/refractory MM • Daratumumab: Nov 16, 2015: monoclonal ab, anti-CD38, single agent • Elotuzumab: Nov 30,2015: monoclonal ab, SLAM-7 and NK cell activation, in
combination with lenalidomide and Dex • Ixazomib: Nov 20, 2015: oral proteosome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide
and Dex • Panobinostat: Feb 28, 2015: HDAC inhibitor, in combination with bortezomib and Dex
Approved Newly Dx MM Newly Diagnosed Regimen Approved Relapsed MM
Thalidomide (T) Lenalidomide (R ) Bortezomib (V) Dexamethasone (D) Prednisone (P)
VRD CVD (CyborD) CRD RD VD Melphalan based (transplant ineligible)
Pomalidomide Carlfizomib Panobinostat Daratumumab Ixazomib Elotuzumab
Cyclophosphamide (C ) Vincristine Doxil Melphalan
Newly diagnosed Myeloma- Transplant eligible Patient
Induction treatment: to reduce burden of disease and prevent complications
2-6 cycles
Autologous Stem cell Transplant
Maintenance treatment.
Supportive Management
Radiation
Bisphosphonate
Newly diagnosed Myeloma- Not Transplant eligible Patient
Induction treatment: to reduce burden of disease, prevent complications,
With goal towards complete response 8-12 cycles
Maintenance treatment.
Supportive Management
Radiation:
Bisphosphonate
Overview • Newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
• Autologous stem cell transplant vs chemotherapy (early
vs delayed SCT) • Relapse Multiple Myeloma
• Treatment of older Adults
• AL Amyloidosis
VTD x 4 versus VCD x 4 as induction therapy prior to ASCT Symptomatic de novo MM less than 66 years Primary end-point : VGPR rate after cycle 4 340 patients overall (170 per arm).
Abstract 393 Bortezomib, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone (VTD) Is Superior to Bortezomib, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone (VCD) Prior to
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with De Novo Multiple Myeloma. Results of the Prospective IFM 2013-04 Trial. Philippe Moreau et al
ISS1 / 2 versus ISS 3 t(4;14) and / or del17p versus others
Arm A : Induction Therapy: 4 cycles VTD Each cycle : 21 days Thalidomide® 100 mg/d, PO D1 to D21 o Velcade® 1.3 mg/m²/d, SC D1, 4, 8 and 11 o Dexamethasone 40 mg/d, PO D1 to 4, D9 to 12 ARM B: Induction Therapy : 4 cycles of VCD Each cycle : 21 days o Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m²/d, PO D1, 8, 15 o Velcade® 1.3 mg/m²/d, SC D1, 4, 8 and 11 o Dexamethasone 40 mg/d, PO D1 to 4, D9 to 12
VTD 169
VCD 169
Total 338
Male Female Median age ISS1 ISS2 ISS3 No t(4;14), no17p t(4;14) and/or 17p
103 66
59.4
38 (22%) 94 (56%) 37 (22%)
137 (81%) 32 (19%)
108 61
60.2
43 (25%) 90 (53%) 36 (21%)
140 (83%) 29 (17%)
211 127
59.9
81 (24%)
184 (54%) 73 (22%)
277 (82%) 61 (18%)
Patients Characteristics
Cytogenetics: centralized analysis (Pr Avet-Loiseau, Toulouse)
VTD N = 169
VCD N = 169
P value
≥ CR
≥ VGPR
≥ PR
13.0%
66.3%
92.3%
8.9%
56.2%
83.4%
0.22
0.05
0.01
Intent-to-treat analysis
Response: centralized assessment (Dr Dejoie, Nantes), IMWG criteria 2011
VTD N = 157
VCD N = 154
P value
> = CR
> = VGPR
> = PR
14.0%
70.7%
98.7%
9.1%
60.4%
90.3%
0.17
0.05
0.001
Per protocol analysis
VTD, n = 169 Grade 3-4 %
VCD, n= 169 Grade 3-4 %
p value
Any Aes Anemia Neutropenia Infection Thrombocytopenia Thrombosis Cardiac disorders Cystitis GI symptoms Periph. Neuropathy PN grade 2-4
63.9 4.1 18.9 7.7 4.7 1.8 1.2 0
5.3 7.7 21.9
68.2 9.5 33.1 10.1 10.6 1.8 0
0.6 3.5 2.9 12.9
0.40 0.05 0.003 0.45 0.04 0.99 0.16 0.32 0.42 0.05 0.008
Toxicity
Toxicities assessed according to NCI CTCAE, version 4.0.
Toxicity Five patients died during induction therapy (1.5%), 2 in arm A from infections (1) and pulmonary embolism (1) 3 in arm B from progression to extramedullary myeloma (1) and infections (2).
VTD, n = 169 VCD, n = 169 Dexamethasone 100% dose reduction Discontinuation DOSE-INTENSITY Bortezomib 100% dose reduction Discontinuation DOSE-INTENSITY Thalidomide / Cyclophosphamide 100% dose reduction Discontinuation DOSE-INTENSITY
76.3% 14.2% 9.5% 92.4%
76.9% 16.0% 7.1% 94.9%
62.7% 21.3% 16%
81.9%
84.6% 10.9% 8.6%
96.1%
78.1% 13.6% 8.3%
96.4%
71.3% 16.6% 12.1% 94.5%
Conclusions
- First prospective randomised trial : VTD vs VCD
- VGPR and PR rates are significantly superior in the VTD arm: synergistic activity of PI + IMiD
- Hematologic toxicity increased in the VCD arm, while Peripheral Neuropathy rate was higher in the VTD arm
- Median number CD34+ stem cells higher in the VTD
- Our data support the preferential use of VTD rather than VCD in preparation for ASCT
Bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) is superior to bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (VCD) as induction therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Cavo et al leukemia:2015 ,2429-2431
All patients VTD (n=236) VCD (n=236) P Complete response 44 (19%; 14–24) 13 (6%; 3–8) <0.001
Very good partial response or better 151 (64%; 58–70) 87 (37%; 31–43) <0.001
Partial response or better 220 (93%; 90–96) 192 (81%; 76–86) <0.001 Stable disease 16 (7%; 4–10) 38 (16%; 11–21) 0.001
Progressive disease 0 (0%) 6 (3%; 1–5) 0.015
Patients with ISS 2-3 VTD (n=129) VCD (n=129) Complete response 26 (20%; 13–27) 5 (4%; 1–7) <0.001
Very good partial response or better 86 (67%; 59–75) 45 (35%; 27–43) <0.001
Patients with t(4;14) and/or del(17p) VTD (n=53) VCD (n=53)
Complete response 12 (23%; 11–34) 4 (8%; 0–15) 0.030 Very good partial
response or better 44 (83%; 73–93) 25 (47%; 34–61) <0.001
Dose and schedule same as Moreau et al. except- V and C given IV, 3 cycles each before SCT
Toxicity VTD (n=236) VCD (n=236) P
Any grade 3 or 4 adverse event 64 (27%) 61 (26%) 0.754
Any grade 3 or 4 non-hematological adverse event Skin rash 19 (8%) 2 (1%) <0.001 Peripheral neuropathy 17 (7%) 5 (2%) 0.009
Gastrointestinal events 15 (6%) 8 (3%) 0.135
Liver toxicity 5 (2%) 8 (3%) 0.399
Any grade 3 or 4 hematological adverse event Neutropenia 5 (2%) 19 (8%) 0.003
Anemia 0 16 (7%) <0.001
Thrombocytopenia 1 (<1%) 10 (4%) 0.006
Study protocol discontinuation during induction therapy Toxic effects 8 (3%) 4 (2%) 0.242
Disease progression 0 3 (1%) 0.124
Early death 1 (<1%) 2 (1%) 0.500
Abstract 25 Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (Rd)Vs. Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients (Pts)(VRd) with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma without an Intent for Immediate Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT): Results of the Randomized Phase III Trial SWOG S0777 Brian Durie, MD et al
• Randomized phase III: 2008-2012 • Stratified to ISS stage (I,II,III), Intent to transplant (Yes, NO)
• Lenalidomide/dex (Rd): 232 patients: R 25 mg days 1-21, dex 40 mg/d days 1
8, 15, 22, cycle q 28 days x 6 cycles
• Bortezomib/Rd (VRd): 242 patients: R 25 mg days 1-14, dex 20 mg/d days 1-4, 8-12, velcade 1.3 mg/m2 IV push days 1,4,8,11. cycle q 21 days x 8 cycles
• Maintenance: Rd until progression • DVT prophylaxis: ASA 325 mg/d; HSV prophylaxis with VRd
• Differences b/w gps :
• Fewer women VRd(37% vs 47% p=0.033) • Fewer older pts VRd (≥ 65yrs 38% vs 48% p=0.042)
• Primary Endpoint: PFS
Abstract 25 . Brian Durie, MD et al VRd Rd P-value
ORR 71.07% 63.79%
Median PFS 43 mos 31 mos 0.0066
Median OS NR 63 mos 0.0114
≥Grade 3 hem tox (%) Anemia Neutropenia thrombocytopenia
13 19 18
16 21 14
≥Grade 3 non- hem tox (%) Neuropathy Thrombosis/embolism
24 8
5 9
<0.0001
Second primary malignancy 7 pts (3%) 9(4%)
VRd provides meaningful improvement in PFS and OS with acceptable toxicity
What did we Learn? • The combination of A proteosome inhibitor (bortezomib) ,
and an immune modulator( thalidomide, lenalidomide) as induction treatment is a preferable regimen
• 3-drug regimen with Novel agents is superior to 2-drug regimen with Novel agent as Induction regimen
AUTOLOGOUS SCT AS CONSOLIDATION IN NEWLY DX MM VS CONTINUATION OF THERAPY (EARLY VS DELAYED SCT) IN THE ERA OF NOVEL THERAPIES
389 patients (younger than 65 years) randomized from 59 centers
Patients: Symptomatic disease, organ damage (CRAB), measurable disease
392: Autologous Transplantation versus cyclophosphamide-lenalidomide-prednisone followed by lenalidomide-prednisone versus lenalidomide maintenance in multiple myeloma: long-term results of a phase
III trial. Gay et al- lancet oncology Dec 2015 p1617
Rd four 28-day courses R: 25 mg/d, days 1-21
d: 40 mg/d, days 1,8,15,22
CRD six 28-day courses C: 300 mg/sqm, days
1,8,15 R: 25 mg/d, days 1-21
D: 40 mg days 1,8,15,22
MEL200-ASCT two courses
M: 200 mg/m2 day -2 Stem cell support day 0
RP MAINTENANCE 28-day courses until
relapse R: 10 mg/day, days 1-21 P: 50 mg every other day
R MAINTENANCE 28-day courses until
relapse R: 10 mg/day, days 1-21
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
1°
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
2°
R, lenalidomide; D, dexamethasone; C, cyclophosphamide; P, prednisone; Rd, lenalidomide-dexamethasone; CRD, cyclophosphamide-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; MEL200-ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; RP lenalidomide-prednisone,
CRD vs MEL200-ASCT
CRD six 28-day courses
C: 300 mg/m2/d, days 1,8,15 R: 25 mg/d, days 1-21
D: 40 mg/d days 1,8,15,22
MEL200-ASCT two courses
M: 200 mg/m2 day -2 Stem cell support day 0
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
1°
CRD, cyclophosphamide-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; C, cyclophosphamide; D, dexamethasone; R, lenalidomide; MEL200-ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation
CRD vs MEL200-ASCT
CRD, cyclophosphamide-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; MEL200-ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation; ISS, International Staging System
MEL200-ASCT (n=127)
CRD (n=129)
Age median >60 years
57 34
56 31
ISS Stage I II III
51% 36% 13%
45% 50% 16%
Chromosomal Abnormalities t (4;14) t (14;16) del 17 High-risk [t (4;14) or t(14;16) or del17]
9% 5% 5%
18%
13% 5% 8%
23%
Patients Characteristics
CRD vs MEL200-ASCT Median follow-up from consolidation : 47 months
Median PFS MEL200-ASCT 43.3 months CRD 28.6 months
MEL200–ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; CRD cyclophosphamide lenalidomide dexamethasone; PFS progression-free survival
Progression-free survival
HR 2.51 95% CI 1.60-3.94 P< 0.0001 0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Months
Prop
ortio
n of
pat
ient
s
Overall Maintenance
Lenalidomide Lenalidomide-Prednisone
Age ≤ 60 > 60
ISS I II III
Cytogenetic risk Standard High Missing
2.51 (1.60, 3.94)
2.18 (1.23, 3.88) 2.66 (1.50, 4.71)
1.78 (1.07, 2.97) 3.92 (2.00, 7.71)
3.15 (1.62, 6.13) 1.97 (1.08, 3.60) 1.72 (0.76, 3.90)
2.01 (1.06, 3.80) 3.81 (1.83, 7.93) 2.12 (1.06, 4.24)
HR (95% CI) Interaction -
2.51 (1.60, 3.94)
2.18 (1.23, 3.88) 2.66 (1.50, 4.71)
1.78 (1.07, 2.97) 3.92 (2.00, 7.71)
3.15 (1.62, 6.13) 1.97 (1.08, 3.60) 1.72 (0.76, 3.90)
2.01 (1.06, 3.80) 3.81 (1.83, 7.93) 2.12 (1.06, 4.24)
HR (95% CI)
.58
.04
.38
.32
- p
1 .126 7.93
CRD vs MEL200-ASCT
MEL200–ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; CRD cyclophosphamide lenalidomide dexamethasone; PFS, progression-free survival.
Subgroup Analysis of PFS
CRD vs MEL200-ASCT Median follow-up from consolidation : 47 months
MEL200–ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; CRD cyclophosphamide lenalidomide dexamethasone; OS: overall survival
4-year OS MEL200-ASCT 86% CRD 73%
Overall survival
HR 2.40 95% CI 1.32-4.38 P= 0.004 0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Months
Prop
ortio
n of
pat
ient
s
Overall Maintenance
Lenalidomide Lenalidomide-Prednisone
Age ≤ 60 > 60
ISS I II III
Cytogenetic risk Standard High Missing
2.40 (1.32, 4.38)
1.46 (0.58, 3.65) 3.17 (1.41, 7.12)
0.89 (0.43, 1.86) 7.83 (2.60, 23.56)
4.59 (1.26, 16.75) 1.59 (0.66, 3.62) 1.42 (0.51, 3.93)
1.46 (0.54, 3.96) 1.79 (0.73, 4.37) 9.38 (1.21, 72.98)
HR (95% CI)
.21
.32
Interaction -
2.40 (1.32, 4.38)
1.46 (0.58, 3.65) 3.17 (1.41, 7.12)
0.89 (0.43, 1.86) 7.83 (2.60, 23.56)
4.59 (1.26, 16.75) 1.59 (0.66, 3.62) 1.42 (0.51, 3.93)
1.46 (0.54, 3.96) 1.79 (0.73, 4.37) 9.38 (1.21, 72.98)
HR (95% CI)
.001
.27
p
1 .0137 1 73
CRD vs MEL200-ASCT
MEL200–ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; CRD cyclophosphamide lenalidomide dexamethasone; OS, overall survival.
Subgroup Analysis of OS
RP maintenance vs R maintenance
R, lenalidomide; P, prednisone
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
2°
R maintenance 28-day courses until relapse
R: 10 mg/day, days 1-21
RP MAINTENANCE 28-day courses until relapse
R: 10 mg/day, days 1-21 P: 25 mg every other day
RP, lenalidomide-prednisone; R, lenalidomide; ISS, International Staging System; Percentage may not total 100 because of rounding
RP (n=117)
R (n=106)
Age median >60 years
57
56
ISS Stage I II III
51% 38% 11%
49% 39% 12%
Chromosomal Abnormalities t (4;14) t (14;16) del 17 High-risk [t (4;14) or t(14;16) or del17]
13% 4% 3%
19%
5% 7% 8%
18%
RP maintenance vs R maintenance Patients Characteristics
RP maintenance vs R maintenance
Median PFS RP 37.5 months R 28.5 months
Progression-free survival Median follow-up from maintenance 41 months
HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.59-1.20, P =.34
Months
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50
RP: lenalidomide-prednsone; R lenalidomide; PFS progression-free survival
Prop
ortio
n of
pat
ient
s
RP maintenance vs R maintenance
3-year OS RP 83% R 88%
Overall survival Median follow-up from maintenance 41 months
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 Months
HR 1.53, 95% CI 0.79-2.98, P =.21
Prop
ortio
n of
pat
ient
s
RP: lenalidomide-prednsone; R lenalidomide; OS overall survival
AE, adverse event; GI, gastrointestinal events; RP: lenalidomide prednisone; R lenalidomide.
% of patients
P=.193
P=1.000
P=.417
P=.174
P=.449
P=.301
P=.117
RP maintenance vs R maintenance Grade 3-4 AEs
P=.349
AE, adverse event; GI, gastrointestinal events; RP: lenalidomide prednisone; R lenalidomide.
% of patients
P=.0.004
RP maintenance vs R maintenance Dose reductions
• Main reasons for prednisone dose reduction: psychiatric disorders, endocrinopathy, hyperglicemia
• Main reasons for lenalidomide dose reductions:
RP: gastrointestinal AEs; R: hematological and dermatological AEs
Induction Consolidation Maintenance Rd MEL200-ASCT CRD RP R
N° of SPM - Hematologic - Solid - Skin cancer
0 3 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 4 4
0 3 3
Second Primary Malignancies
R, lenalidomide; D, dexamethasone; C, cyclophosphamide; P, prednisone; Rd, lenalidomide-dexamethasone; CRD, cyclophosphamide-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; MEL200-ASCT, melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation; RP lenalidomide-prednisone; AEs adverse
events; SPM, second primary malignancies
Rd four 28-day courses R: 25 mg/d, days 1-21
d: 40 mg/d, days 1,8,15,22
CRD six 28-day courses
C: 300 mg/sqm, days 1,8,15 R: 25 mg/d, days 1-21
D: 40 mg days 1,8,15,22
MEL200-ASCT two courses
M: 200 mg/m2 day -2 Stem cell support day 0
RP MAINTENANCE 28-day courses until relapse
R: 10 mg/day, days 1-21 P: 50 mg every other day
R MAINTENANCE 28-day courses until relapse
R: 10 mg/day, days 1-21
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
1°
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
2°
6 of 7 patients who developd skin cancer during maintenance received previous MEL200-ASCT
4 of 7 patients who developed a solid tumor during maintenance received previous CRD
CRD MEL200 P value Median PFS 28.6 months 43.3 months <0.001 4-year OS 86% 73% 0.004
RP maint. R maint. P value Median PFS 37.5 months 28.5 months 0.34 3-year OS 83% 88% 0.21
Conclusions
CRD, cyclophosphamide-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; MEL200, melphalan 200 mg/m2; R, lenalidomide, P prednisone; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival
CRD vs MEL200
RP vs R maintenance
Abstract 391: IFM/DFCI 2009 Study (US and France) Newly Diagnosed MM (N=1,360 combined)
RVDx3
RVD x 2
RVD x 5
Lenalidomide*
Melphalan 200mg/m2* +
ASCT
Induction
Consolidation
Maintenance
CY (3g/m2) MOBILIZATION Goal: 5 x106 cells/kg
RVDx3
CY (3g/m2) MOBILIZATION Goal: 5 x106 cells/kg
Randomize
Collection
Lenalidomide* SCT at relapse
Calibration
MRD
MRD
MRD
MR
D @
CR
MR
D @
CR
Richardson et al, ASH 2014 *IFM vs. US: 1yr vs. Continuous
Best Response RVD arm
N=350 Transplant arm
N=350 p-value
CR 49% 59%
VGPR 29% 29% 0.02
PR 20% 11%
<PR 2% 1%
At least VGPR 78% 88% 0.001
Neg MRD by FCM , n (%) 228 (65%) 280 (80%) 0.001
ASH 2015 (Attal et al): IFM 2009: PFS (9/2015)
P < 0 .0 01
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 0
Pa
tie
nts
(%
)
3 5 0 296 2 28 12 8 24no H D T35 0 309 2 61 15 3 27H D T
N a t risk
0 12 24 36 48
M o n th s o f f o l lo w -u p
H D T
no H D T
3 yr PFS: 61% HDT vs 48 % no HDT
P N S
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 0
Pa
tient
s (%
)
3 5 0 33 8 3 20 24 4 56no H D T35 0 32 8 3 09 22 6 55H D T
N a t risk
0 12 24 36 48
M o n th s o f f o l lo w -u p
H D T
no H D T
IFM 2009: OS (9/2015)
3 yr OS: 88% both arms
IFM 2009: PFS.
0.20
0.97
0.53
0.69
Overall 158 / 350 204 / 350
<60 years 84 / 185 123 / 196 >=60 years 74 / 165 81 / 154
Stage I 44 / 118 58 / 115 Stage II 81 / 171 103 / 170 Stage III 33 / 61 43 / 65
Standard 87 / 213 118 / 212 High Risk 28 / 46 31 / 44
At least VGPR 93 / 180 122 / 190 PR SD PD 60 / 164 77 / 154
Transplant better RVD better 1 .4 .6 .8 1 1.2 1.4
Response after induction
Cytogenetics
ISS
Age
Nb of events / Nb of patients Transplant RVD Arm Hazard Ratio for
Progression or death p-value for interaction
ASH 2015: IFM 2009: Causes of Death (9/2015) RVD arm
N=48 Transplant
N=54
Myeloma, n (%) 40/48 (83%) 35/54 (65%)
Toxicity, n (%) 4/48 (8%) 9/54 (16%)
SPM (AML/MDS) 1/48 (2%) 6/54 (11%)
Others 3/48 (6%) 4/54 (7%)
IFM 2009: Conclusions This second interim analysis demonstrates that transplantation :
• Is feasible: 93% • Is associated with an acceptable Transplant Related Mortality: 1.4%. • Is associated with an increased rate of neg MRD (80% vs 65%, p<0.01). • Is associated with an improved 4-year PFS (47% vs 35%, p<0.001). • Is associated with an improved 4-year TTP (49% vs 35%, p<0.001).
A longer follow up is required to draw any conclusion concerning OS, • Since the 4-year survival is high in both arms (80% vs 83%). • However, transplantation is already associated with a reduced risk of
death due to myeloma, but has a higher rate of toxicity (acute and long term)
in the era of new drugs, Transplantation is
“A Standard of Care” but key questions remain.
Results of the US Trial remain Crucial. To confirm or not the PFS benefit of transplant using
maintenance until progression. To define the best Lenalidomide duration (inter trial):
• 1 year, what can be regarded as a consolidation strategy.
• Until progression, a real maintenance strategy. To answer the key question of OS (meta-analysis),
since none of the 2 trials has been powered for OS (but for PFS).
To better evaluate the benefit of transplant in cytogenetic subgroups… (meta-analysis). The remaining US effort is crucial for the 2 trials !
What did we learn? • In the era of novel agents, Autologous SCT remains
important in the management of newly diagnosed MM- improved PFS and maybe OS
• HOWEVER • Could this be affected by a longer maintenance
?(indefinite)- the importance of the US study.
• No benefit to adding steroid to lenalidomide maintenance- higher toxicity and trend towards decrease OS
IMAJEM (NCT01309334), 134 patients
RVDx3
RVD x 2
RVD x 5
Revlimid 1 year
Melphalan 200mg/m2* +
ASCT
CY (3g/m2) MOBILIZATION Goal: 5 x106 cells/kg
RVDx3
CY (3g/m2) MOBILIZATION Goal: 5 x106 cells/kg
Randomize
Revlimid 1 year
ARM A ARM B
ASCT at relapse
PET-CT / MRI at diagnosis
PET-CT / MRI after 3 cycles
PET-CT / MRI before maintenance
Abstract 395: Prospective Evaluation of MRI and PET-CT at Diagnosis and before Maintenance Therapy in Symptomatic Patients with Multiple Myeloma Included in
the IFM/DFCI 2009 Trial
Primary Endpoint: Compare MRI (spine and pelvis) vs PET-CT regarding the number of bone lesions at diagnosis. Secondary Endpoint: Prognostic Impact: PFS, OS
• At diagnosis MRI was positive in 127/134 (94.7%), and PET-CT in 122/134 (91%) patients, (McNemar test = 0.94, p-value = 0.33). • MRI of the spine and pelvis and whole-body PET-CT are
equally effective to detect bone involvement in symptomatic patients at diagnosis.
• Blindly reviewed by independent Committee: 2 radiologist, 2 nuclear medicine Physicians
Following 3 cycles of RVD. Impact on PFS
p = 0.04
78.7%
54.8%
PET-CT normalisation following 3 cycles of RVD. Impact on PFS (32% normalised)
61.6%
p = 0.29
MRI normalisation following 3 cycles of RVD Impact on PFS (3% normalised)
Following 3 cycles of RVD Impact on OS
p = 0.12
92.8%
81.8%
PET-CT normalisation following 3 cycles of RVD Impact on OS (32% normalised)
MRI normalisation following 3 cycles of RVD Impact on OS (3% normalised)
86.1%
p = 0.61
Before maintenance: Impact on PFS
p < 0.001
69%
51.6%
PET-CT normalisation before maintenance Impact on PFS (62% normalised)
MRI normalisation before maintenance Impact on PFS (11% normalised)
83.9%
60.7%
p = 0.30
Before Maintenance: Impact on OS
p = 0.003
94.6%
69.9%
PET-CT normalisation before maintenance Impact on OS (62% normalised)
85.1%
p = 0.30
MRI normalisation before maintenance Impact on OS (11% normalised)
Adjusted on other prognostic factors p = 0.009 Univariate log-rank, p = 0.027
PET-CT pre-maintenance is a prognostic factor for PFS in Arm A: RVD x 8 cycles
Adjusted on other prognostic factors p = 0.01 Univariate log-rank, p = 0.01
PET-CT pre-maintenance is a prognostic factor for PFS in Arm B: frontline ASCT
Adjusted on other prognostic factors p = 0.008 Univariate log-rank, p < 0.001
PET-CT pre-maintenance is a prognostic factor for OS in Arm B: frontline ASCT
86 / 134 patients had also MRD evaluation pre-maintenance by CMF*
PET-CT pos
PET-CT neg
MRD pos
11 20
MRD neg
14 41
Fisher exact test: p = 0.33 McNemmar test: p = 0.39
* Avet-Loiseau et al. ASH 2015
p = 0.02
PFS for patients with negative PET-CT and negative MRD by flow
(47.7% of patients) pre-maintenance vs others
89.6%
54.5%
CONCLUSION - PET-CT and MRI are equally effective to detect bone involvement in symptomatic patients at diagnosis.
- MRI is not a good imaging method during follow-up - PET-CT after 3 cycles of RVD and pre-maintenance is a powerful prognostic marker for PFS - PET-CT pre-maintenance is a powerful prognostic marker for OS
Older Adult Myeloma • Upfront AHSCT is safe Elderly MM (#1989)
• Median 68 yo (64-74) • Standard induction AHSCT 82% consolidation • 2-year PFS 76% and OS 88%
• MRD negativity = survival advantage even in Older adults (#4181)
• Real World Management of Older adults • RVD-lite (#4217): ORR 90%, 1y PFS 95%, OS: NR • VMP-lite (#3043): Melphalan use at 6mg/m2 • GEM2010: Sequential VMP/Rd for high risk MM (#4243)
60
Abstract 29 Clinical Efficacy of Daratumumab Monotherapy in Patients with Heavily Pretreated Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Usmani et al
• ≥18 years of age, ECOG status ≤21,2
• GEN5011
• Open-label, multicenter, phase 1/2, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study
• Relapsed from or refractory to ≥2 prior lines of therapy including PIs and IMiDs
• SIRIUS2
• Open-label, multicenter, phase 2 study • Patients had received ≥3 prior lines of
therapy, including a PI and an IMiD, or were double refractory to a PI and an IMID
• DARA was approved by the FDA on November 16, 2015, based on these studies
16 mg/kg (n = 16)
8 mg/kg (n = 18)
16 mg/kg (n = 106)
Response evaluated
Randomization
Additional 90 patients enrolled at
DARA 16 mg/kg
SIRIUS
Safety and response evaluated
Dose-escalation
Doses from 0.005-24 mg/kg
(n = 32)
Dose-expansion
GEN501
16 mg/kg (n = 42)
8 mg/kg (n = 30)
1. Lokhorst HM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1207-1219. 2. Lonial S, et al. Lancet. 2015. In press.
16 mg/kg N = 148
62
Baseline Characteristics 16 mg/kg
GEN501, Part 2 n = 42
SIRIUS n = 106
Combined N = 148
Median (range) age, y ≥65 years of age, n (%)
64.0 (44-76) 20 (48)
63.5 (31-84) 48 (45)
64 (31-84) 68 (46)
Female/male sex, % 36/64 51/49 53/47
ECOG score, n (%) 0 1 2
12 (29) 28 (67) 2 (5)
29 (27) 69 (65) 8 (8)
41 (28) 97 (66) 10 (7)
Median (range) time since diagnosis, y 5.8 (0.8-23.7) 4.8 (1.1-23.8) 5.1 (0.8-23.8)
Median (range) number of prior lines >3 prior lines, n (%)
4 (2-12) 26 (62)
5 (2-14) 87 (82)
5 (2-14) 113 (76)
Prior ASCT, n (%) 31 (74) 85 (80) 116 (78)
Prior PI, n (%) Bortezomib Carfilzomib
42 (100) 42 (100) 8 (19)
106 (100) 105 (99) 53 (50)
148 (100) 147 (99) 61 (41)
Prior IMiD, n (%) Lenalidomide Pomalidomide Thalidomide
40 (95) 40 (95) 15 (36) 19 (45)
106 (100) 105 (99) 67 (63) 47 (44)
146 (99) 145 (98) 82 (55) 66 (45)
63
Baseline Refractory Status 16 mg/kg
Refractory to, n (%)
GEN501, Part 2 n = 42
SIRIUS n = 106
Combined N = 148
Last line of therapy 32 (76) 103 (97) 135 (91)
Both PI and IMiD PI only IMiD only
27 (64) 3 (7) 4 (10)
101 (95) 3 (3) 1 (1)
128 (86) 6 (4) 5 (3)
PI + IMiD + alkylating agent 21 (50) 79 (75) 100 (68)
Bortezomib 30 (71) 95 (90) 125 (84)
Carfilzomib 7 (17) 51 (48) 58 (39) Lenalidomide 31 (74) 93 (88) 124 (84)
Pomalidomide 15 (36) 67 (63) 82 (55) Thalidomide 12 (29) 29 (27) 41 (28)
Alkylating agent only 25 (60) 82 (77) 107 (72)
64
Summary of Clinical Safety
• AEs were consistent with the individual GEN501 and SIRIUS studies; no new safety signals were identified
• 48% of patients had infusion-related reactions • 46%, 4%, and 3% occurred during the first, second, and subsequent
infusions, respectively
Treatment-emergent adverse event, n (%) Any grade
N = 148 Grade ≥3 N = 148
Fatigue 61 (41) 3 (2)
Nausea 42 (28) 0
Anemia 41 (28) 26 (18)
Back pain 36 (24) 3 (2)
Cough 33 (22) 0
Neutropenia 30 (20) 15 (10)
Thrombocytopenia 30 (20) 21 (14)
Upper respiratory tract infection 30 (20) 1 (<1)
65
Efficacy in Combined Analysis
18%
10%
1% 2%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
16 mg/kgO
RR
, %
PR VGPR CR sCR
ORR = 31% 16 mg/kg (N = 148)
n (%) 95% CI
Overall response rate (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) 46 (31) 23.7-39.2
Best response sCR CR VGPR PR MR SD PD NE
3 (2) 2 (1)
14 (10) 27 (18)
9 (6) 68 (46) 18 (12)
7 (5)
0.4-5.8 0.2-4.8
5.3-15.4 12.4-25.4 2.8-11.2
37.7-54.3 7.4-18.5 1.9-9.5
VGPR or better (sCR+CR+VGPR) 19 (13) 7.9-19.3
CR or better (sCR+CR) 5 (3) 1.1-7.7
• ORR = 31% • ORR was consistent in subgroups including age, number of prior lines of therapy,
refractory status, or renal function 66
3% CR or better
13% VGPR or
better
N = 148
Progression-free Survival
Responders: NE (7.4, NE)
MR/SD: 3.2 (2.8-3.7) months
PD/NE: 0.9 (0.9-1.0) months
67
0
Patie
nts
prog
ress
ion-
free
and
aliv
e, %
2 6 8 12 14 18 20
Time from first dose, months Patients at risk
Responders MR/SD PD/NE
0
25
50
75
100
4 10 16
Responders
MR/SD
PD/NE
46 77 25
46 45 0
35 13 0
27 3 0
13 1 0
5 0 0
3 0 0
0 0 0
41 21 0
14 2 0
3 0 0
Overall Survival
• For the combined analysis, median OS = 19.9 (95% CI, 15.1-NE) months • 1-year overall survival rate = 69% (95% CI, 60.4-75.6)
68
0
Patie
nts
aliv
e, %
2 6 8 12 14 18 22
Time from first dose, months Patients at risk
Responders MR/SD PD/NE
Responders
0
25
50
75
100
4 10 16
MR/SD
PD/NE
46 77 25
46 74 16
45 63 11
44 57 7
42 47 5
29 37 4
3 1 0
0 0 0
46 67 12
43 53 7
15 10 1
20
13 5 1
Responders: NE (19.9, NE)
MR/SD: 17.5 (15.1-NE) months
PD/NE: 3.7 (1.7-7.6) months
Conclusions • As a single agent, DARA induced rapid, deep, and durable responses in a heavily pretreated/highly refractory
population • Remarkable depth of response observed in patients
refractory to newer agents, including pomalidomide and carfilzomib
• DARA conferred an OS benefit even in patients who achieved stable disease or minimal response
• Updated analysis of the combined dataset of GEN501 and SIRIUS did not identify any new safety signals
• DARA has immune-mediated and immunomodulatory mechanisms that may be contributing to a survival benefit
69
Daratumumab in Combination With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed or Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Updated Results of a Phase 1/2 Study (GEN503). Plesner et al
DARA* IV 2-16 mg/kg + LEN PO 25 mg (Days 1-21) +
DEX PO 40 mg QW
DARA* IV 16 mg/kg + LEN PO 25 mg (Days 1-21) +
DEX PO 40 mg QW
Key eligibility • Measurable disease by M-protein • Patients refractory or intolerant to
LEN were excluded Part 1
• Relapsed MM following 2 to 4 prior lines of therapy
Part 2 • Relapsed MM following ≥1 prior
line of therapy (no upper limit)
Endpoints Primary endpoint
• Incidence of adverse events Key secondary endpoints
• Rate of response • Pharmacokinetics
• Time to progression • Duration of response
• Progression-free survival
Part 1 - Dose escalation (N = 13)
Open-label, IV infusions (28-day cycle) Dose escalation: 3 + 3 scheme
Part 2 - Expansion cohort (N = 32)
Open-label, single-arm IV infusion at 16 mg/kg (28-day cycle)
*QW for Months 1-2, Q2W for Months 3-6, and Q4W beyond.
70
Baseline Characteristics N = 32
Median (range) age, y ≥65 years of age, n (%)
60 (41-76) 9 (28)
Female/male sex, % 31/69
ECOG score, n (%) 0 1 2
19 (59) 12 (38) 1 (3)
Median (range) time since diagnosis, y 3.2 (0.9-12.7)
Median (range) number of lines of prior therapy ≥2 prior lines of therapy, n (%)
2 (1-3) 17 (53)
Refractory to last line of therapy 7 (22)
Prior autologous stem cell transplant, n (%) 25 (78)
Prior PI, n (%) Bortezomib
29 (91) 28 (88)
Prior IMiD, n (%) Lenalidomide Thalidomide
23 (72) 11 (34) 14 (44)
Prior chemotherapy, n (%) Alkylating agents Anthracyclines
32 (100) 29 (91) 15 (47)
71
Overall Response Rate: DARA + LEN/DEX
N = 32 n (%) 95% CI
Overall response rate (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR)
26 (81) 63.6-92.8
Best response sCR CR VGPR PR
8 (25) 3 (9) 9 (28) 6 (19)
11.5-43.4 2.0-25.0 13.7-46.7 7.2-36.4
VGPR or better (sCR+CR+VGPR)
20 (63) 43.7-78.9
CR or better (sCR+CR) 11 (34) 18.6-53.2
19%
28%
9%
25%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
16 mg/kg
OR
R, %
sCR CR VGPR PR
ORR = 81%
34% CR or better
63% VGPR or
better
• ORR = 81% • Clinical benefit rate (ORR + minimal response) = 88%
N = 32
72
Progression-free Survival: DARA + LEN/DEX
0
Patie
nts
prog
ress
ion-
free
and
aliv
e, %
3 6 9 12 15 18 21
Time from first dose, months
32 28 26 24 21 13 2 0 Patients at risk
0
20
40
60
80
100
18-month PFS rate = 72% (95% CI, 51.7-85.0)
73
Overall Survival:DARA + LEN/DEX
0
Patie
nts
aliv
e, %
3 6 9 12 15 18 21
Time from first dose, months
32 32 31 29 28 18 6 0 Patients at risk
0
20
40
60
80
100
18-month OS rate = 90% (95% CI, 73.1-96.8)
74
Conclusions • DARA + LEN/DEX induced rapid, deep, and durable
responses • At a median follow-up time of 15.6 months, ORR was 81%
including 28% VGPR and 34% CR/sCR • Median time to first response was 1 month • PFS rate of 72% at 18 months • OS rate of 90% at 18 months
• DARA can be safely combined with LEN/DEX with no additional safety signals
• Randomized phase 3 studies of DARA are ongoing: • DARA + LEN/DEX in relapsed/refractory patients (POLLUX)* • DARA + LEN/DEX in newly diagnosed patients (MAIA)†
*ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02076009 †ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02252172 75
Open-label, Multicenter, Phase 1b Study of Daratumumab in Combination With Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients With ≥2 Lines of Prior Therapy and Refractory or Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM). Ajai et al
Treat 6 patients with DARA + POM-D
If ≤1 patient has DLTs
Enroll 6 additional patients
Expand up to 88 patients
Eligibility criteria • Refractory to last line of therapy • ≥2 prior lines of therapy, including
2 consecutive cycles of lenalidomide and bortezomib
• Pomalidomide naïve • ECOG score ≤2 • Absolute neutrophil count
≥1.0×109/L, and platelet count ≥75×109/L for patients with <50% plasma cells (>50×109/L, otherwise)
• Calculated creatinine clearance ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2
76
DARA* IV 16 mg/kg + Pomalidomide 4 mg (Days 1-21) +
Dexamethasone 40 mg QW
Open-label, multicenter, six-arm, Phase 1b study
(28-day cycles)
*QW for Cycles 1-2, Q2W for Cycles 3-6, and Q4W beyond.
Prior Therapy Status • Patients were heavily pretreated and highly refractory per inclusion
criteria DARA + POM-D
N = 98 Median (range) time since MM diagnosis, y 5.2 (0.4-16.0)
N = 97 Median (range) number of prior lines of therapy 4.0 (2-13) Prior Autologous stem cell transplant PI Carfilzomib Bortezomib IMiD
73 (75)
97 (100) 31 (32) 96 (98)
97 (100)
N = 98 Refractory to PI Bortezomib Carfilzomib Lenalidomide PI and IMiD
74 (76) 65 (66) 29 (30) 87 (89) 66 (67)
Overall Response Rate:DARA + POM-D
• ORR = 71% • ORR in double-refractory patients = 67% • Clinical benefit rate (ORR + minimal response) = 73%
DARA + POM-D (N = 75)
n (%) 95% CI
Overall response rate (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) 53 (71) 59.0-80.6
Best response sCR CR VGPR PR MR SD PD
4 (5) 3 (4)
25 (33) 21 (28)
2 (3) 17 (23)
3 (4)
1.5-13.1 0.8-11.2
22.9-45.2 18.2-39.6
0.3-9.3 13.8-33.8 0.8-11.2
VGPR or better (sCR+CR+VGPR) 32 (43) 31.3-54.6
CR or better (sCR+CR) 7 (9) 3.8-18.3
ORR = 71%
78
43% VGPR or
better
9% CR or better
28%
33%
4% 5%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
16 mg/kg
OR
R, %
PR VGPR CR sCR
N = 75
Progression-free Survival at 6 Months: DARA + POM-D
79
0
Patie
nts
prog
ress
ion-
free
and
aliv
e, %
2 6
Time from first dose, months
0
20
60
80
100
4
40
Patients at risk 98 67 39 19
6-month PFS rate = 66% (95% CI, 52.3-75.9)
• Median follow-up of 4.2 months
Abstract 28 Eloquent-2 Update: A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Elotuzumab in Combination with Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma - 3-Year Safety and Efficacy Follow-up Dimopoulos et al
• ELOQUENT-2 is an open-label, randomized, multicenter, phase 3 trial
• Statistical analysis • Threshold for interim OS significance was 0.014 based on 295/427 events required for final analysis
Patients
• RRMM
• 1–3 prior lines of therapy
• Prior Len
permitted in 10% of patients (if not
refractory)
Elotuzumab plus Len/Dex (E-Ld):
n=321 • Elo: Cycles 1 and 2 weekly, then
every other week, 10 mg/kg IV • Len: D1–21, 25 mg PO
• Dex: weekly equivalent, 40 mg
Endpoints
Co-primary • PFS • ORR
Others • OS
• Safety • Duration of
response • Quality of life
Database lock: November 2014
(ASCO/EHA 2015) Minimum follow-up: 24 months
Database lock: August 2015 (ASH 2015)
Minimum follow-up: 33 months
June 2011 start
Premedication administered prior to elotuzumab infusion to mitigate infusion reactions
Len/Dex (Ld): n=325
• Len: D1–21, 25 mg PO • Dex: weekly, 40 mg PO
ELOQUENT-2: 2-Year Follow-up
Co-primary endpoint: ORR E-Ld Ld
% 95% CI
79 74, 83
66 60, 71
1. Lonial S et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:621–31.
ELOQUENT-2 demonstrated clinical benefits of E-Ld compared with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Ld) alone1
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
38 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 No. of patients at risk:
E-Ld Ld
321 325
303 295
279 249
259 216
232 192
215 173
195 158
178 141
157 123
143 106
128 89
117 72
85 48
59 36
42 21
32 13
12 7
7 2
57%
68%
27%
41%
1-year PFS 2-year PFS
PFS (months)
Prob
abili
ty p
rogr
essi
on fr
ee
1 0
0 0
Hazard ratio, 0.7 (95% CI, 0.57-0.85)
P<0.001
Co-primary endpoint: PFS
From N Engl J Med, Lonial S et al, Elotuzumab therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, 373, 621–31. Copyright © 2015, Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission
E-Ld Ld
Characteristic E-Ld (n=321) Ld (n=325) International Staging System disease stage,* n (%)
I 141 (44) 138 (42) II 102 (32) 105 (32) III 66 (21) 68 (21)
Cytogenetics (FISH),*† n (%)
del(17p) Yes 102 (32) 104 (32) No 213 (66) 218 (67)
t(4;14) Yes 30 (9) 31 (10) No 285 (89) 290 (89)
Prior regimens, median (range) 2 (1–4) 2 (1–4) Prior therapies, n (%)
Bortezomib 219 (68) 231 (71) Melphalan (PO or IV) 220 (69) 197 (61) Thalidomide 153 (48) 157 (48) Lenalidomide 16 (5) 21 (6)
Response to most recent line of therapy,‡ n (%)
Refractory 113 (35) 114 (35) Relapsed 207 (65) 211 (65)
Prior stem cell transplantation, n (%) 167 (52) 185 (57)
Baseline Demographics and Disease Characteristics
*‘Not reported’ not shown; †No minimum cut-off for del(17p) positivity; ‡Response for 1 E-Ld patient unknown. FISH=fluorescence in situ hybridization. From N Engl J Med, Lonial S et al, 373, 621–31. Copyright © 2015, Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission
Treatment Summary E-Ld (n=318) Ld (n=317)
Number of treatment cycles, median (Q1–Q3) 19 (9–37) 14 (6–25) Patients on treatment, n (%) 83 (26) 43 (14) Reasons off treatment Disease progression 153 (48) 161 (51) Study drug toxicity 30 (9) 44 (14) Adverse event unrelated to study drug 22 (7) 32 (10) Other* 31 (10) 36 (11)
Patients receiving full dose (relative dose intensity ≥90%), % Elotuzumab 83 – Lenalidomide 51 51 Dexamethasone 46 47
*‘Other’ includes: patient request, patient withdrew consent, other, death, patient no longer met criteria, poor/non-compliance
Extended Progression-Free Survival
E-Ld Ld
HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.60, 0.89); p=0.0014
Median PFS (95% CI)
19.4 mo (16.6, 22.2)
14.9 mo (12.1, 17.2)
E-Ld-treated patients had a 27% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death and a 44% relative improvement in PFS vs Ld-treated patients at 36
months
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
48 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
No. of patients at risk: E-Ld Ld
321 325
293 266
259 215
227 181
171 130
144 106
125 80
107 67
94 60
85 51
59 36
34 15
19 7
8 3
PFS (months)
Prob
abili
ty p
rogr
essi
on fr
ee
3 0
195 157
E-Ld Ld 0.1
1-year PFS 2-year PFS Extended follow-up
0 0
68%
41%
26%
57%
27% 18%
Progression-Free Survival
Parameter Progression-free survival
E-Ld Ld Relative difference
Median PFS (months) 19.4 14.9 1-year PFS (%) 68 57 19
2-year PFS (%) 41 27 52
3-year PFS (%) 26 18 44 2-year follow-up
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
0.70 (0.57–0.85)
p=0.0004 3-year follow-up
Hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.73 (0.6–0.89)
Overall Survival
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
51 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
No. of patients at risk: E-Ld Ld
321 325
314 305
303 287
291 269
283 255
266 241
250 228
239 218
224 208
217 200
196 184
190 171
152 134
95 88
48 41
15 17
1-year OS 2-year OS
OS (months)
Prob
abili
ty a
live
5 3
0 0
E-Ld
Ld
No. of patients at risk:
3-year OS E-Ld Ld
HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.61, 0.97; 98.6% CI 0.58; 1.03); p=0.0257
Median OS (95% CI)
43.7 mo (40.3, NE)
39.6 mo (33.3, NE)
Interim survival analysis demonstrated sustained benefit of E-Ld vs Ld that was maintained over time
Adverse Events Of Special Interest
• Most infusion reactions were Grade 1 or 2 and occurred during the first treatment cycle • There were no Grade 4 or 5 infusion reactions
Adverse event, n (%)
E-Ld (n=318) Ld (n=317) Any
Grade Grade
3–4 Grade
5 Any
Grade Grade
3–4 Grade
5 Infusion reactions 33 (10) 4 (1) 0 - - -
Cardiac failure 3 (1) 1 (0.3) 0 5 (2) 2 (1) 0
GI disorders 256 (81) 33 (10) 0 214 (68) 30 (10) 1 (0.3)
Peripheral neuropathy 48 (15) 5 (2) 0 27 (9) 5 (2) 0
Respiratory disorders 201 (63) 34 (11) 2 (1) 169 (53) 25 (8) 1 (0.3)
Renal/urinary disorders 78 (25) 13 (4) 1 (0.3) 58 (18) 14 (4) 1 (0.3)
Deep vein thrombosis 26 (8) 20 (6) 0 13 (4) 8 (3) 0
Hypertension 33 (10) 4 (1) 0 22 (7) 7 (2) 0
Summary • The addition of elotuzumab, an immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody, to
Ld demonstrated an overall clinically relevant benefit in PFS vs Ld alone that was maintained over time • Relative improvement in PFS at 3 years was 44% in the E-Ld vs Ld-treated
patients • Time to next treatment was delayed in the E-Ld arm vs the Ld arm
• Interim 3 year overall survival analysis demonstrated a strong trend in the
long-term benefit of E-Ld vs Ld • PFS benefit was associated with a reduction in deaths in the E-Ld arm vs
the Ld arm
• The updated safety and tolerability data are consistent with previous findings, confirming that there are minimal incremental toxicities associated with the addition of elotuzumab
Study Drugs # patients Median # priors
ORR (%) Comments/ Toxicities
San Miguel #505
Pembrolizumab len/dex
50(26 evaluable)
4 (1-5) 65 (+23% SD) Hematologic (23-47%)
Badros #506 Pembrolizumab Pomalidomide/dex
33 3(2-5) 60 (+30% SD) 4 pt dose reduction
*Efebera # 1838
MDV9300(Pidilizumab, CT011/len
13 2(2-11) 61.5% Steroid free. No infusion reaction
*Sbarov #1835 Reolysin/carlfizomib/dex
12 (1 pt dialysis) 2(1-4) 75% clinical benefit (includes SD)
Flu-like sx, 1 pt myocarditis
Shah #378 Oprozomib(oral)/pom/dex
31 4(1-22) 71% clinical benefit (includes SD)
Gr3 mucositis/rash
Vorhees et al Ixazomib/pom/dex 22 3(2-10) 55 (+30% SD) Dose reduction 50%. Hem tox
Ramasamy #374
Pomalidomide/dex in renal insuff +dialysis
39 4 This study focused on tolerability
Max dose 4 mg pom can be safely used in HD pts. GCSF in 53%
Shah #376 Filanesib(FIL) iv (Arry520)/Carlfizomib (CFZ)
45 eval. Carlf naïve
5(1-15) 44 (+44% SD). No response in 11 CFZ refractory
Pts received scheduled GCSFx5 after each dosing.
Zonder #728 Filanesib/Carlfizomib vs CFZ.
30 CFZ+FIL 20 CFZ. All CFZ naive
4(2-11) 37% vs 20% (clinical benefit)
Chari #4226 Panobinostat/len/dex 26 2 73% clinical benefit(includes SD)
No doses held or reduced for GI Tox.
Martin #509 Isatuximab (anti CD38)
96 5(2-140
Raab #3035 Mor201(anti-CD38) 44 4(2-11)
Relapse/Refractory Studies
Other Drugs in relapse/refractory MM
• Ibrutinib/len/dex: all Oral. will be in Phase II with Alliance this Yr • AR42 (HDAC inhibitor)/Pom/dex: all Oral. Will be opening soon • Cpi-0610: BET inhibitor • Melflufen: peptidase Targeted Therapy • TG02: oral CDK9 inhibitor • Selinexor( (KPT-330): XP01 inhibitor • Ricolinostat (ACY-1215): HDAC6 inhibitor • CD-839: First in Class Glutaminate inhibitor • Marizomib: proteosome inhibitor (IV) • Linsitinib(OSI 906): IGF-1 receptor inhibitor • Sotatercept(ACE-011): activin type IIa receptor fusion protein: improves Hgb
and bone mineral density
Toxicities • Cytokine release storm:
• Fever, tachycardia, hypotension, elevated LFTs, elevated CK, elevated IL-6
• Cytopenia
Smoldering Myeloma(SMM) • #4246: PVX-410 multi-peptide vaccine alone (12 pts) or +len (10 pts)
• SMM at risk for progression, HLA-2+ • Vaccine q 2 wks x 6 doses (0.1mg/peptide or 0.2 mg)+ 3 cycles len 25 mg d1-21 q 28 days • Followed x 12 mos
• Vaccine alone (12 pts): 5 progressed, 7 SD • Vaccine +len (9 evaluable): 5 MR/PR, 3SD, 1 progressed
• Randomized Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate Three Daratumumab Dose Schedules in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma- ongoing
• Alliance Proposals: lenalidomide alone, len/dex vs placebo
AL amyloid • #732 Wechalekar: case control study of oral Doxycycline(possible cardio
protective effect) concurrent with chemo vs control +chemo • Doxy 100 mg bid (30 pts) vs 73 matched control (matched to cardiac stage,
NT proBNP, age, dFLC).
• #188 Langer et al: Chimeric Fibril-Reactive Monoclonal Ab 11-1F4
• Relapsed pts, EF >40%, Ivsd <2.5 cm, CrCl >30 cc/min, bil <3.0mg/dl • Given once ( dose 0.5 – 500 mg/m2): MTD was 500 • 8 pts median stage 2, median organs involved 2 • 4 organ response: 3 decreased NT-proBNP, 1 decreased diarrhea
Median fu 13 mos
Doxy duration median 6 (1-24 mos)
Control P-value
Heme CR 56% 35%
VGPR 10 8
PR 30 37
At 2.3 mos 16% died 72% died
12 and 24 mos OS
82 and 82% 53 and 40%
<0.0001
What is the preferred regimen for newly Dx MM eligible for autologous SCT A. A: Bortezomib, lenalidomide,
dex (VRD) B. B: Bortezomib,
cyclophosphamide, dex (VCD, CyBord)
C. C: Bortezomib, melphalan, dex (VMD)
D. D: Melphalan, dex, Lenalidomide (MDR)
A: Borte
zomib, le
nalidom...
B: Borte
zomib, c
yclopho...
C: Borte
zomib, m
elphalan...
D: Melphalan, d
ex, Le
nal...
0% 0%0%0%
What is the appropriate length of Maintenance?
A. A: 6 months B. B: 1 year C. C: minimum 3 years D. D: Until progression/relapse
A: 6 m
onths
B: 1 ye
ar
C: minim
um 3 years
0% 0%0%0%
How Long is Lenalidomide Maintenance? • Minimum – 3 years. • Disease Relapse/progression – many ongoing studies
103
CALGB 100101 McCarthy NEJM 2012
IFM Attal NEJM 2012
MM0-15 Palumbo NEJM MPR-R vs MPR (non SCT)
IFM VRD chemo vs auto SCT
DFCI VRD chemo vs auto SCT
BMT/CTN 0702
BMT/CTN 0702- LTFU
Length maintenance
Until relapse/prog
Median 2 yrs (1-3)
Until relapse/prog
1 year Until relapse/prog
3 years Until relapse/prog
Median F/U 48 mos 45 mos 30 mos 39 mos
PFS-median 53 mos vs 27 placebo
41 mos vs 23 31 mos vs 14
3-yr PFS 61% auto arm
OS NR NR 45.2 mos
3 yr OS 88% 88% 70% 88%
SPM 7.8 % vs 2.6% placebo
8 vs 4 % 7 vs 3% 11%
Induction regimen
any any MPR VRD VRD any any
BMT CTN 0702: SCHEMA
Lenalidomide * Maintenance
Lenalidomide Maintenance**
Lenalidomide Maintenance**
N=750 pts (250 in each arm)
Register and Randomize
MEL 200mg/m2 VRD x 4*
MEL 200mg/m2
Bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 days 1, 4, 8,11
Lenalidomide 15mg days 1-15 Dexamethasone 40mg
days 1, 8, 15
**Lenalidomide x 3years : 10mg /d for 3 cycles , then 15 mg /d
MM patients on Hemodialysis are excluded from autologous SCT A. A: True B. B: False
A: True
B: False
0%0%
Upfront Trials: OSU-14069 Phase III Comparing Conventional Dose RVD to High-Dose w PSCT in Initial Management of
Myeloma OSU-14298 Ph 3 Comparing DRd vs Rd in Sbjcts w/ Previously Untreated MM Ineligible for High Dose Therapy
OSU-15003 Randomized Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate Three Daratumumab Dose Schedules in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Relapsed/Refractory Trials: ALLIANCE-A061202 Ph I/II Pom, Dex & Ixazomib vs Pom + Dex for MM Refractory to Lenalidomide and PI-based
Therapy OSU-13128 Ph I/II Lenalidomide in Combination w/ Anti-PD-1 mab CT-011 in Pts w/ Relapsed/Refractory MM
OSU-14049 Ph I Elotuzumab in Combination w/ either Lirilumab or Urelumab in Subjects with Multiple Myeloma
OSU-15004 (opening Feb) A phase 1b trial of AR-42 with Pomalidomide in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
OSU-15196 (opening Feb) Ph1b Durvalumab Either As Monotherapy Or In Combination w Pom with or without Low Dose Dex In Subjects with Relapsed / Refractory MM
BMT Trials:
OSU-15124 (opening Feb) Molecular Profiling of Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Related Plasma Cell Malignancies
Trials for all MM:
BMT-CTN1302 Ph II Placebo Controlled Maintenance Ixazomib after Allogeneic HSCT for High Risk Multiple Myeloma
OSU-15045 BMT/CTN 1401 (pending)
Ph II of IRD for Consolidation Therapy followed by Ixazomib or Lenalidomide for Multiple Myeloma Phase II Multicenter Trial of Single Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Followed by Lenalidomide Maintenance for Multiple Myeloma with or without Vaccination with Dendritic Cell /Myeloma Fusions
Enrolling Studies at OSU
We Thank YOU for your Referrals
Don Benson MD ,PhD Associate Professor of Medicine Myeloma Program, 614-293-8605 [email protected]
Craig Hofmeister MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Myeloma Program 614-293-3507 [email protected]
Yvonne Efebera MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine. Myeloma Program 614-293-2268 [email protected]
Ashley Rosko MD Assistant professor of medicine Myeloma Program 614-293-2268 [email protected]