objectives: the$neuro$examin$the$ altered$patient$ west... · 5/24/14 1 the$neuro$examin$the$...

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5/24/14 1 THE NEURO EXAM IN THE ALTERED PATIENT Hugh H. West, M.D. Associate Professor UCSF Dept. of EM HREM 5/24/2014 OBJECTIVES: 1) REVIEW THE NEURO EXAM IN AMSE PTS 2) DISCUSS NEURO EXAM "SIX EASY PIECES" 3) REVIEW THE CATEGORIES OF AMSE PTS 4) LEARN AN APPROACH TO ALL AMSE PTS 5) LEARN TO “DANCE” W/ THE PATIENT’S CNS 6) LEARN TO GATHER INFO ON AMSE PT'S CNS PATIENT #1 41 YOM BIBA intoxicated streeXighter Not a forthcoming historian HX is mostly exple\ve deleted No I.D. on him, so no old records One R.N. recognizes him “Frequent Flier” for ETOH abuse EXAM P=110, BP=135/85, RR=15, T=37C, Sat=99%RA Odor of alcohol noted on his breath, red wine Mul\ple minor abrasions on face and hands Lungs clear, Heart no gmr, Abd bs ok, nhp Neuro "noncoop" Plan MTF

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Page 1: OBJECTIVES: THE$NEURO$EXAMIN$THE$ ALTERED$PATIENT$ West... · 5/24/14 1 THE$NEURO$EXAMIN$THE$ ALTERED$PATIENT$ Hugh&H.&West,&M.D.& AssociateProfessor UCSF&Dept.&of&EM HREM5/24/2014&

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THE  NEURO  EXAM  IN  THE  ALTERED  PATIENT  

Hugh  H.  West,  M.D.  Associate  Professor  UCSF  Dept.  of  EM  HREM  5/24/2014  

OBJECTIVES:  

•  1)  REVIEW  THE  NEURO  EXAM  IN  AMSE  PTS  •  2)  DISCUSS  NEURO  EXAM  "SIX  EASY  PIECES"  

•  3)  REVIEW  THE  CATEGORIES  OF  AMSE  PTS  

•  4)  LEARN  AN  APPROACH  TO  ALL  AMSE  PTS  

•  5)  LEARN  TO  “DANCE”  W/  THE  PATIENT’S  CNS  

•  6)  LEARN  TO  GATHER  INFO  ON  AMSE  PT'S  CNS  

PATIENT  #1  

•  41  YOM  BIBA  intoxicated  streeXighter  •  Not  a  forthcoming  historian  

•  HX  is  mostly  exple\ve  deleted    

•  No  I.D.  on  him,  so  no  old  records  

•  One  R.N.  recognizes  him  

•  “Frequent  Flier”  for  ETOH  abuse  

EXAM    

•  P=110,  BP=135/85,  RR=15,  T=37C,  Sat=99%RA  •  Odor  of  alcohol  noted  on  his  breath,  red  wine  •  Mul\ple  minor  abrasions  on  face  and  hands    

•  Lungs  clear,  Heart  no  gmr,  Abd  bs  ok,  nhp  

•  Neuro  "noncoop"  •  Plan-­‐  MTF  

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NEURO  EXAM  TYPES  

• NONCOOP  (we've  got  this  one)  • NONE  (NR,  NA,  or  leave  it  blank)  • NONFOCAL  (brief  needs  backup)  • NEUROLOGIST’S  (\me  and  IQ)  

• HIREM’S  “DANCE”  (more  to  come)  

 Jack  Nicholson    Five  Easy  Pieces    

SIX  EASY  PIECES  (5+1)  NEURO  EXAM  

1.  MSE  –  Cortex  

2.  CNN  –  Brainstem  

3.  MOTOR  

4.  SENSORY  

5.  DTRS  –  Monosynap\c  reflex  arc  

6.  COOR  –  Cerebellar,  Gait,  Sythesis  

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HIREM’S  NEURO  EXAM  “THE  DANCE”  

•  A  dance  is  a  dialog,  a  conversa\on    •  Think  about  the  waltz,  the  tango,  slow  dancing,  boogie  down    

•  HIREM’s  Neuro  Dance  means  that  your  CNS  is  dancing  with  the  pa\ent's  CNS  

•  Here's  the  secret,  it's  not  voluntary  for  them,  they  can't  help  but  dance  with  you!  

•  Right  ques\ons  lead  to  right  answers  

AMSE  PATIENT  EXAMPLES  

•  STRUCTURAL  “The  Blameless  Exam”  •  ALTERED  BASELINE  “The  Old  CVA+  Exam”  

•  DEMENTED  “Old  Timer's  Disease  Exam”  

•  IMPAIRED  “The  Tox/  Metab/  Inf  Exam”  

•  PSYCHIATRIC  “The  Crazy  Exam”  

•  FABICATION  “The  Phony  Exam”  

•  OTHERS  “Seizure  Related,  Pos\ctal”  

PIECE  #1  THE  CORTEX/  MSE  

•  Alert  to  obtunded  spectrum,  Remember  IICP  

•  Oriented  requires  the  ques\ons  •  The  Glasgow  Coma  Scale  is  your  friend  –  4  EYES  –  spontaneous/voice/pain/none  –  5  VERBAL  –  oriented/confused/inappropriate/incomprehensible/none  

–  6  MOTOR  –  commands/localizes  pain/withdraws  to  pain/flexes  to  pain/  extends  to  pain/no  response  

BRAINSTEM  –  THE  CRANIAL  NN  

CN  I  –  Olfactory                    CN  VII  –  Facial  CN  II  –  Op\c                                CN  VIII  –  Ves\bulocochlear  

CN  III  –  Oculomotor      CN  IX  –  Glossopharyngeal  CN  IV  –  Trochlear              CN  X  –  Vagus  CN  V  –  Trigeminal              CN  XI  –  Accessory    

CN  VI  –  Abducens              CN  XII  –  Hypoglossal  

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EASY  PIECE  #2  TESTING  CRANIAL  NN  

•  1:  Smell  not  noxious  smelling  salts  =  5  •  2,3,4,6:  Light,  threat,  pupils,  EOMS,  eyes  

•  5,7:  Cornea  reflex  (AFF  5,  EFF  7)  (EFF  =  exit)  •  8:  Noise,  calorics  (COWS  mnemonic)  

•  9,10:  Gag  reflex  (AFF  9,  EFF  10),  palate  •  11:  SCM  mm,  trapezius  mm  

•  12:  Tongue  was\n,  fasicula\ons  

ANISOCORIA  

DISCONJUGATE  GAZE   THE  REST  OF  THE  BRAINSTEM  

•  5,7:  Corneal  reflexes  (AFF  5,  EFF  7)  (EFF=EXIT)  – Moist  cohon  swab,  avoid  central  axis  of  vision  

•  8:  Noise,  calorics  (COWS  mnemonic)  – Cold  Opposite  Warm  Same  quick  phase  nystagmus  

•  9,10:  Gag  reflex  (AFF  9,  EFF  10),  Palate  – Watch  for  the  supine  emesis  syndrome  

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UNILATERAL  WEAKNESS,  CN  10   EASY  PIECES  #3,  4,  5  S/  M/  DTR  

•  Sensory  input  tendon  stretch  receptor  •  Monosynap\c  Reflex  Arc  in  the  cord  

•  Motor  output  "The  Muscle  Jerk"  

•  Involuntary  (CNS  not  involved)  and...  •  Asymmetry  is  the  issue  

•  Also  TONE  is  a  part  of  the  Motor  Exam    

•  Flaccid,  spas\c,  paratonia,  cog-­‐wheeling  

MOTOR  EXAM  POINTS  

•  Collapsing  weakness  •  Alternate  heel  test  •  Arm  drop  test  

•  All  SSX  of  psychogenic  overlay  •  DX  of  last  resort:  Be  Careful  

EASY  PIECE  #6  COORDINATION  

•  Cerebellar  •  Synthesis  of  easy  pieces  1-­‐5    •  Gait  •  Remeber  Wernickes  Traid  

•  AMSE,  Gait,  Eye  sx-­‐  Confusion,  Ataxia,  Plegia  

•  Remember  NPHC  Triad  

•  AMSE,  Gait,  Incon\nence-­‐  Demen\a,  Ataxia  

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HIREM  NEURO  EXAM  ON  PT#1  

•  MSE  non  coop  (exple\ve  deleted)  drowsy  •  CN  sl  anisocoria,  reac\ve,  physiologic  vs  ???  •  Disconjugate  gaze?  Subtle  but  present  •  Nystagmus  (symmetrical  horizontal)  

•  Ataxia  (historically  wide  based  gait)  •  Increased  tone  (BILAT  LX)  •  AJ  Clonus  2  beats,  toes  +/-­‐  up  (BILAT)    

NEW  DDX,  NEW  PLAN  

•  Other  e\ology  of  AMSE?  (Inf/  Metab)  -­‐>  FSBS  •  Wernicke’s  triad?  (MSE,  eyes,  gait)  -­‐>  thiamine  

•   Etoh  and  CHI  (contusion,  ICH)  -­‐>  NC  CT  Head  •  Other  e\ology  of  AMSE?  (Inf/  Metab)  -­‐>Labs  

•  Tox  Labs?  -­‐>  Etoh,  Utox,  Chem,  Anion  Gap  

•  MTF  -­‐>  OBS!  Gait/  Verbal  are  the  d/c  criteria  

•  Psych  contribu\on?  SI?  HI?  EDH?  Psych  eval?    

RESULTS    

•  BS=45  (Alcoholic  Hypoglycemia)  (AMSE-­‐>FSBS)  •  Wernicke’s  on  MRI  (pericentral  scarring)  

•  Bilat  subdural  hematomas  

•  Na  115  (SIADH  from  the  CNS  issues)  

•  Admihed,  NS  evalua\on  (nonopera\ve)  

•  Improved  over  \me  

•  D/C  to  SNF  

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OBJECTIVES:  

•  1)  REVIEW  THE  NEURO  EXAM  IN  AMSE  PTS  •  2)  DISCUSS  NEURO  EXAM  "SIX  EASY  PIECES"  

•  3)  REVIEW  THE  CATEGORIES  OF  AMSE  PTS  

•  4)  LEARN  AN  APPROACH  TO  ALL  AMSE  PTS  

•  5)  LEARN  TO  “DANCE”  W/  THE  PATIENT’S  CNS  

•  6)  LEARN  TO  GATHER  INFO  ON  AMSE  PT'S  CNS  

THANK  YOU  [email protected]