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Page 1: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

June 12, 2012

NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space

Presented by: Marti Phipps

Page 2: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

NASAExplorerSchools

Presented by:Marti Phipps

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space

Page 3: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Subject Areas

Grade Level:9‐12

Subject Areas:Life Science

Math

Page 4: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Teachers, what subject do you teach?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. Earth ScienceE. General Science

Page 5: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Have you heard of NASA Explorer Schools?

✔ Yes✖ No

Page 6: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 7: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 8: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 9: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 10: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 11: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

National StandardsLife Science 

•Behavior of organisms•Interdependence of organisms•Science as a human endeavor•Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry

Page 12: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Math• Measurement – Apply appropriate techniques, 

tools, and formulas to determine  measurements• Measurement – Understand measurable  attributes 

of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement

• Problem Solving – Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems

• Geometry – Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements

National Standards

Page 13: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Learning Objectives1. How muscle and bone loss contribute to  

reduced fitness of astronauts when they return to Earth.

2. How bone formation and calcium metabolism change                                        in microgravity.

Page 14: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Life Science @ NASA• Explain science with science!• Building blocks for doing some of the coolest jobs at NASA

• Involved in every mission• Vital to safe successful mission results

Page 15: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Questions?

Page 16: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Where does physiology fit into your classroom scope and sequence?

Type your responses in the chat box.

Page 17: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

1. What this lesson teaches, where to find lesson2. Introduction/prep to Skeletal System: Human 

Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology)3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons:

‐ How to introduce the lesson, background‐ Performing the experiment‐ Analyzing/reporting results, discussion

4. Extensions and resources for implementing5. Sharing ‐ your questions and your ideas 

Overview of Session

Page 18: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

You are a NASA space physiologist. 

1) You must predict how various materials will respond to a variety of external forces. 

2) Design an experiment that will test those hypotheses. 

3) Share the results.

Page 19: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Prior Knowledge• Earth Physiology‐ Bone development, structure

‐ Bone function

Page 20: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

• Space Physiology• Student Investigations• Space Flight Investigations

New Concepts

Page 21: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

How does microgravity affect our bones?

Page 22: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Engagement

• Introduce video or NASA Now to students• Generate discussion• Connect your classroom to background

‐ Essential student buy in

Page 23: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Science?• What is science?

– Biology– Physics– Chemistry– Mathematics

Page 24: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Earth vs. Space?• Atmosphere• Radiation• Gravity

Page 25: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Humans in Space?• Environmental Challenges • Body Changes• Human Survival• Atmosphere

Page 26: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Student Investigations

1. Predicting Height from the Length of Limb Bones

2. The Influence of Applied Forces on Different Materials 

Page 27: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Earth Physiology

Support for the body here on Earth is supplied by the bones

Page 28: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Bone Classification  • Long: arm and leg bones

• Short: wrists and ankles

• Flat: ribs and bones of skull

• Irregular:vertebrae along spine

Page 29: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Bone Development & Structure

Page 30: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Examples of Compressional Forces

Page 31: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Bone Function

Page 32: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Ossification

Page 33: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Space Flight – Bone Loss

Page 34: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Space Physiology

Page 35: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Gravitational Characteristics

Page 36: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Living in Space

Page 37: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Questions?

Page 38: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Lesson OnePredicting Height from the Length 

of Limb Bones

Page 39: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Materials• Computers with internet access• Website address• Tape measures• Graph paper• Rulers• Stopwatch• Journals or paper to record results 

Page 40: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Fourth Month Most primary ossification centers have appeared in the diaphyses of bone

Birth to 5 years  Secondary ossification center appear in the equipment

5‐12 years in females or 5‐14 years in males

Ossification is spreading rapidly from the ossification center and various bones are becoming  ossified

17‐20 years Bone of upper limbs and scapulae becoming completely ossified

18‐23 years Bone of the lower limbs become completely ossified

23 to 25 years Bone of the sternum, clavicles, and vertebrae become completely ossified

By 25 years Nearly all bones are completely ossified

Ossification Time Table

Page 41: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Step 1• Break into groups• For each person in group – two measurements‐length of the upper arm limb (humerus)‐height of each person

• Graph the data!

Procedure

Page 42: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Step 2• Data for each person should include two measurements

• Graph data – length of the humerus on x‐axis, height on the y‐axis

• After graphed, draw straight line along data points, extend to x‐axis

• Determine slope of line and equation of the line

Procedure

Page 43: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Step 3• Complete data, determine  equations for lines• Switch people around in groups• Measure the length of the humerus for the “new” people in the group

• Determine height – using graphs and using line equations

• Each group will calculate new person’s height!

Procedure

Page 44: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Procedure

Page 45: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

DiscussionWhat are the sources of error that might have been responsible for:‐Data point not lining up‐Graph not being accurate enough‐Equation not being accurate 

Page 46: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

What  kind of sample population would yield the best set of data points?

How will age of the sample population affect results? How old must they be to determine height from the radius, the tibia, and the femur?

Discussion

Page 47: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Questions?

Page 48: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Lesson TwoInfluence of Applied Forces on 

Different Materials

Page 49: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

• Compress• Stretch• Twist• Bend

Page 50: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 51: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Uniform compressional and tensile forces applied to materials that we understand create predictable stresses. On the other hand, torsional forces are much more difficult to control and 

often create more damage.

Page 52: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Strength of Materials• Kind of material• Physical characteristics of material• Molecular forces holding material together• Kinds of forces being applied

Page 53: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Materials• Various materials differing in: kinds of material, cross sectional area, density, geometry

• Various instruments: small hammer, large rubber hammer, mortar and pestle, stretching mechanism

Page 54: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Before Investigation…• Before applying forces – predict and rate how materials will respond

• Record predictions • Create a rating system – elasticity, plasticity, fracture point

Page 55: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Step 1• Discuss the materials • Have teams select items to test:compressional, tensile, and torsional

• Select items that vary in: cross‐sectional area, shape, density, and elasticity

Procedure

Page 56: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 57: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

• What material was the most elastic? Least elastic?

• What was the most brittle? Least brittle?• Which material that you tested is comparable to a human bone?

Discussion

Page 58: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Space Flight Investigations

Animal Enclosure ModulePreflight and post‐flight rat growth during the space flight experiment

Page 59: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Changes in Rate and Strength

• Tibia Cross Section: Control

• Tibia Cross Section: Flight

Page 60: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Questions?

Page 61: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Extensions and Resources

Page 62: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Related Activities

http://nsbri.tamu.edu/HumanPhysSpace/indexb.html

http://nsbri.tamu.edu/HumanPhysSpace/indexb.html

Page 63: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How
Page 64: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Get your students doing real‐life science now with NASA!Get your students doing real‐life science now with NASA!

How Does Parathyroid Hormone Affect Changes in Bone Mass in Microgravity? Grades 8‐12

Page 65: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Space Station for Teachers!Space Station for Teachers!

Space Station for Kids

Page 66: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Additional Resources for High School:

Microgravity Effects on Human Physiology: Circulatory System

Microgravity Effects on Human           Physiology: Skeletal System

Microgravity Effects on Human Physiology: Immune System 

Page 67: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Elementary & Middle School Resources

NASA Explorer Schools• Human Body: Space Adaptations

Teaching from Space Office• A Day in the Life• Spaced Out Sports

Page 68: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

CollaborationMaking Teaching Easy

Search for:NASA Explorer Schoolson facebook.

Follow us on Twitter:@NESupdate

Page 69: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Tell us what you think!

Take the ProductSurveyBecome eligible for NASA recognition opportunities!

NASAExplorerSchools

Page 70: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Thank you for joining us!

Page 71: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

Thank you to the sponsor of tonight's Web Seminar:

This web seminar contains information about programs, products, and services offered by third parties, as well as links to third-party websites. The presence of a listing or such information does not constitute an endorsement by NSTA of a

particular company or organization, or its programs, products, or services.

Page 72: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

http://learningcenter.nsta.org

Page 73: NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space · 6/12/2012  · Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology) 3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons: ‐How

National Science Teachers AssociationGerry Wheeler, Interim Executive Director

Zipporah Miller, Associate Executive Director, Conferences and Programs

Al Byers , Ph.D., Assistant Executive Director, e-Learning and Government Partnerships

LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

NSTA Web SeminarsPaul Tingler, Director

Jeff Layman, Technical CoordinatorBrynn Slate, Program Coordinator