Nationalism & Nationalism & Revolutions in China, Revolutions in China,

India, & TurkeyIndia, & Turkey

Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion Exposed the Exposed the

weakness of weakness of Chinese gov’t. Chinese gov’t. Helped lead to Helped lead to spheres of spheres of influenceinfluence

Sun YixianSun Yixian (1866-1925) was (1866-1925) was

the most important the most important leader of China's leader of China's republican republican revolution. He did revolution. He did much to inspire and much to inspire and organize the organize the movement that movement that overthrew the Qing overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1911 and dynasty in 1911 and organized organized Kuomintang party Kuomintang party

19191919 Japan gained Japan gained control of control of German German Pacific Pacific colonies. colonies. Chinese Chinese outrage lead outrage lead to May 4to May 4thth Movement. Movement. Growing Growing Chinese Chinese nationalism & nationalism & resistance to resistance to Japan. Japan.

Chinese communist party Chinese communist party formedformed

Inspired by Russian Revolution & V.I. Inspired by Russian Revolution & V.I. LeninLenin

Jiang Jieshi became President of Jiang Jieshi became President of China China

Kuomintang and communists fought Kuomintang and communists fought leading to civil war.leading to civil war.

Japan launched all out invasion Japan launched all out invasion of China of China

Rape of Nanking, Japan eventually Rape of Nanking, Japan eventually controlled most of China.controlled most of China.

End of WWIIEnd of WWII Japan surrendered. Civil war in China Japan surrendered. Civil war in China

resumed, Mao Zedong won. resumed, Mao Zedong won.

Chairman MaoChairman Mao

Mao Zedong ; Head of the People's Republic Mao Zedong ; Head of the People's Republic of China, 1949-76. Mao's Red Army of China, 1949-76. Mao's Red Army overthrew Jiang Jieshi in 1949, and the overthrew Jiang Jieshi in 1949, and the communists took over mainland China. Mao communists took over mainland China. Mao turned China into a world military power and turned China into a world military power and created a cult of personality. His campaign to created a cult of personality. His campaign to export communism made China a threat to export communism made China a threat to the West and led to confrontations in the West and led to confrontations in Southeast Asia and Korea. Under Mao's rule Southeast Asia and Korea. Under Mao's rule China endured a series of economic disasters China endured a series of economic disasters and political terrorism, including the brutal and political terrorism, including the brutal Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution

IndiaIndia The INC: Hindu, nationalist group The INC: Hindu, nationalist group

wanted British out of India. wanted British out of India.

Muslim LeagueMuslim League Islamic, nationalist group wanted Islamic, nationalist group wanted

British out of India. British out of India.

Religious Division from the get Religious Division from the get gogo

1 goal: Nationalism1 goal: Nationalism 2 groups divided by religion2 groups divided by religion

End of WWIEnd of WWI Indian troops returned home. Indian troops returned home.

Despite fighting and dying for U.K. Despite fighting and dying for U.K. Indians still oppressed at home.Indians still oppressed at home.

Amritsar MassacreAmritsar Massacre Amristar massacre; over 400 Indians killed & Amristar massacre; over 400 Indians killed &

more than 1200 wounded. British troops fired more than 1200 wounded. British troops fired on them for participating in an illegal public on them for participating in an illegal public meeting. Majority of Indians now demand their meeting. Majority of Indians now demand their own countryown country

Salt MarchSalt March United Indians. Gandhi’s cause & United Indians. Gandhi’s cause &

methods embraced by most Indians.methods embraced by most Indians.

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi Mohandas K. Gandhi. Leader of the Mohandas K. Gandhi. Leader of the

INC. Was the driving force behind the INC. Was the driving force behind the Indian independence movement. His Indian independence movement. His ideas of civil disobedience drove the ideas of civil disobedience drove the British out of India and inspired non-British out of India and inspired non-violent resistance to oppression all over violent resistance to oppression all over the world. He was assassinated in 1948 the world. He was assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu who thought Gandhi should by a Hindu who thought Gandhi should be treat Muslims more harshly be treat Muslims more harshly

IndependenceIndependence India & Pakistan became separate, India & Pakistan became separate,

independent countries. Divided by independent countries. Divided by religion, partition riots killed many.religion, partition riots killed many.

Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru India’s 1st Prime Minister. He India’s 1st Prime Minister. He

attempted a foreign policy of attempted a foreign policy of nonalignmentnonalignment during the Cold War. during the Cold War. Clashed with Pakistan over Kashmir Clashed with Pakistan over Kashmir and took Goa from the Portuguese. and took Goa from the Portuguese. Domestically, he promoted Domestically, he promoted democracy, socialism, secularism, democracy, socialism, secularism, and unity, adapting modern values to and unity, adapting modern values to Indian conditionsIndian conditions

TurkeyTurkey Young Turks were a nationalist group Young Turks were a nationalist group

who wanted reform & modernization who wanted reform & modernization of society & governmentof society & government

WWIWWI Ottoman Empire entered the war on Ottoman Empire entered the war on

the side of the Central Powers the side of the Central Powers (Germany, A-H)(Germany, A-H)

GallipoliGallipoli ANZAC’s attempt to invade Ottoman ANZAC’s attempt to invade Ottoman

Empire. Turks repelled attack Empire. Turks repelled attack (Waltzing Matilda)(Waltzing Matilda)

Ottoman Empire EndsOttoman Empire Ends Greeks invaded Empire. WWI had Greeks invaded Empire. WWI had

weakened Ottoman empire, leading weakened Ottoman empire, leading to its demise.to its demise.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk transformed what was left of the transformed what was left of the

Ottoman Empire into modern Turkey. Ottoman Empire into modern Turkey. His military heroics made him a His military heroics made him a national hero. After becoming national hero. After becoming Turkey’s 1st President, he attempted Turkey’s 1st President, he attempted political and social reforms making political and social reforms making Turkey more of a liberal democracy. Turkey more of a liberal democracy. In 1934 he was officially named In 1934 he was officially named Atatürk, "father of the Turks."Atatürk, "father of the Turks."

What is communism?What is communism? Who founded communism?Who founded communism? What are its basic ideas?What are its basic ideas? How are communism and capitalism How are communism and capitalism

different?different?

Right nowRight now Take out Russian Revolution Take out Russian Revolution

worksheet and yesterday’s China, worksheet and yesterday’s China, India, Turkey worksheetIndia, Turkey worksheet

In paragraph form, answer the final In paragraph form, answer the final question on the Russian Revolution: question on the Russian Revolution: What are 3 reasons the Russian What are 3 reasons the Russian people embraced communism?people embraced communism?

(Yesterday’s notes sheet)(Yesterday’s notes sheet) Quickly label the mapQuickly label the map

Assessment (this counts)Assessment (this counts) On a separate sheet of paper (please On a separate sheet of paper (please

write your name on it), answer the 4 write your name on it), answer the 4 questions below the map. questions below the map. – Work independentlyWork independently– Please use complete sentencesPlease use complete sentences– A paragraph for each questionA paragraph for each question– Write about causes and effects… make Write about causes and effects… make

connectionsconnections– Please use your notes and textbookPlease use your notes and textbook- WARNING!: This requires - WARNING!: This requires thoughtthought