From Napoleon to European Nationalism and the Revolutions of

1848

Napoleon’s Reforms / Empire

Congress of Vienna

Revolutions in Latin America

Nationalist Revolutions in Europe

• In 1795, 26 year old Napoleon Bonaparte defended the Revolutionary government from a popular uprising

• He became a National hero and was made commander of the French army in Italy.

Two years later, Napoleon conquered Ottoman-ruled Egypt.

Q: Who were the Ottomans? Q: Why did they rule Egypt?

Napoleon left his troops in Egypt and returned to Paris in 1799 where the government was in crisis.

Q: What kind of crisis was the government in?

In November 1799, Napoleon became first consul in a coup d'etat.  

Q: What is a consul?Q: What is a coup d’etat?

Napoleon’s accomplishments:

1. Fairer Taxes

2. centralization and less corruption in government

3. creation of the Bank of France

4. Agreement with the Catholic church

5. Law reform under the Napoleonic Code

• After Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of France in 1799, he went on to expand his power across the continent.

He was one of

the greatest military

leaders in history

In 1800, Napoleon defeated the Austrians.

In 1802, he was made consul for life (dictator)

Q: Why did the French people allow this?

In 1803, he went to war with Britain

In 1804, he crowned himself emperor.

• Russia and Austria joined Britain in 1805

• Britain defeated the French at Trafalgar.

• Napoleon defeated the Austrian and Russians in Austria

• Napoleon annexed Prussia and took control of Europe

• The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, and Holland and Westphalia were created.

• Napoleon installed his relatives as leaders in Holland, Westphalia, Italy, Naples, Spain and Sweden.

• He had his marriage to Josephine annulled and married the daughter of an Austrian emperor.

Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 resulted in a disastrous retreat.

Napoleon• By 1812, he controlled

much of Europe.• By 1815, his empire was

in ruins.• One reason was the

survival of Great Britain• Another reason was

nationalism

Great Britain survived mainly because of its sea power

Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815 put an end to his rule as EmperorQ: Where is Waterloo?

The Napoleonic era gave rise to the beginning of a new form of

unification: nationalism.

• nationalism – people felt a loyalty to their own nation, culture, and people

10.2.5

• Nationalism spread across Europe

One important idea that spread through Europe because of Napoleon was:

A. capitalismB. communismC. nationalismD. sectionalism