nationalism challenges conservative power and italian... · nationalism challenges conservative...
TRANSCRIPT
Nationalism Challenges Conservative Power
I can compare/contrast
the rise of nationalism in
German & Italian states.
I can define the characteristics of nationalism.
1st European country to win self-rule• Former part of Ottoman Empire (which was
crumbling at this time, but not fully until 1918)Cause of Greek independence was
popular throughout Europe Major powers such as
Britain/Russia/France recognize an independent Greece in 1830.
Congress of Vienna? There were ethnic uprisings in:
• France• Prussia (Germany, Austria)• Italy• Greece• Poland• Hungary
But revolutionaries failed to unite the nations, so they actually took a step backwards.
1800’s still under feudalism Due to old ways, Russia was falling
behind other European countriesAlexander II- freed serfs, 1861
Nationalism encouraged industrialism, and also ethnic groups wanting their own nations.
Austria- lost the Austro-Prussian war in 1866; split Austria and Hungary into independent states
Russia- Russification- forced culture on all ethnic groups
Ottoman- Turks felt superior to other ethnic groups; genocide against Armenians 1894-1896; 1915
Strength or Weakness?
Weakness leads to desperate measures.
Camillo Cavour – Prime minister of Sardinia• Allied with Napoleon III, brought revolution and
unity in N. ItalyGiuseppe Garibaldi – unified S. ItalyCavour invaded Papal states, so S. voted
to unite w/Cavour and N. ItalyNational unification of Italy, but still culturally, economicallydividedCapital = Rome
German Confederation – loose union of German states; Prussia – largest; Austria –head of confederation
Otto von Bismarck- Prussia’sPrime Minister• Realpolitik – seek advantage fornation-state by any means,including war and breaking treaties• Wanted to go to war to unifyGermany under Prussian rule
Destiny of the weak is to be devoured by the strong.
• 7 Weeks War – Bismarck & Prussia against Austria. (Here they go again!)
Treaty ending the war set up a united Germany under Prussian control
• Franco-Prussian War – Napoleon III declared war on Prussia.
• Southern German states (not yet united w/the rest of Germany) sided w/Prussia because disliked France. Defeated France and all German states now unified• Following Franco-Prussian War all
German States unified. • Germany now an Empire w/Kaiser
Wilhelm I as emperor
Strengthened Industry
Tried to crush opposition parties
Bismarck’s policies left Germany strong, but w/o parliamentary democracy. When Wilhelm I died, his son succeeded him (Wilhelm II) and dismissed Bismarck (1890)
Balance of Power- Undone• GOODBYE CONGRESS OF VIENNA• Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia no
longer equal• Britain and Germany = strongest• France = middle• Austria and Russia = weak
1. Which aging empires suffered from the forces of nationalism?
2. What advantages did Prussia have in leading the German states to unity?
3. How can nationalism be both a unifying and a disunifying force?
This week, we begin to take our first weekly quiz
This reiterates the information you were supposed to learn this week
Each quarter, I will drop your lowest quiz grade