monografija bh telecom 2005

7/14/2019 Monografija BH Telecom 2005

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Sarajevo, 2005.


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Predsjednik ureivakog odboraJasminko Akamija

Glavni i odgovorni urednikmr. Nedad Reidbegovi

Za redakcijumr. Jasminko Mulaomerovi

Struni saradnicimr. Sonja DujmoviElma Kadrispahidr. Husnija Kamberovimr. Vera KatzValerijan ujo

Likovno oblikovanjeAleksandar Kordi

Izbor fotografijaMunib Sari

Lektormr. Dafer Obradovi

PrevodilacIda Deli


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Istorijski razvoj

potanskog, telegrafskog

i telefonskog saobraaja

u Bosni i Hercegovini

U odbrani drave

i civilizacijskih

postignua

Period poslijeratne

rekonstrukcije

i obnove P sistema

Razvoj P-a

nakon 2000 godine

Historic Development

of the Postal, elegraphic

and elephone raffi c

in BIH

Defending Country

and Civilizations

Achievements

Te Period of postwar

Reconstruction

of the P system

Development

of the P BIH

after 2000

Sadraj

7

37

75

133


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Oduvijek su ljudi imali potrebu putovati,komunicirati jedni s drugima, upuivati

i primati poruke, razmjenjivati pisma i

dokumente, slati razne poiljke i novac.

okom povijesti oblici komuniciranja meu ljudima i naini

prenoenja poruka razvijali su se od najjednostavnijihi najprimitivnijih formi u najstarijim vremenima

(kao to su dimni signali, usmene poruke i slino) do

najsuvremenijih metoda komuniciranja poetkom treega

milenija (Internet). Od glasnika, koji su prenosili poruke s

jednoga na drugo mjesto, do suvremenih naina prenoenja

poruka, ljudski rod je koristio bezbroj metoda i tehnikakomuniciranja; napredak u nainima komuniciranja meu

ljudima najbolji je pokazatelj civilizacijskoga napretka

jedne zajednice.


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People have always had a need to travel,communicate with each other, exchange

letters and send various postal items. During

the history, forms of communication between

people and ways of message delivery have evolved from the

most simple forms in ancient times (such as smoke signals,oral messages, etc.) to modern communication methods at

the beginning of the third millennium (the Internet). From

messengers who transferred news from one place to another,

to present ways of transmission of messages, people have

used an infinite number of communication techniques and

methods; Progress of communication methods is the bestindicator of a communitys civilization and progress.


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Istorijski razvojpotanskog, telegrafskog

i telefonskog saobraaja

u Bosni i HercegoviniHistoric Development

of the Postal, Telegraphic

and Telephone Traffi c in BIH


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UBosni i Hercegovini ljudi su sigurno i u najranije dobameusobno komunicirali, a imali su i potrebu za slanjemi primanjem vijesti iz svijeta. Nisu poznati svi naini ko-munikacije i prijenosa vijesti u Bosni u najstarije doba, ali

je izvesno da nisu pronaeni podaci o postojanju glasnike slube udoba srednjovjekovne bosanske drave. ada su vijesti prenosili naje-e trgovci, a tek u osmansko doba javljaju se prvi oblici funkcioniranjapotanskog saobraaja, pri emu su prvi prenosioci poruka bili kuriri,glasnici, tatari i trgovci kiridije. U prvo vrijeme nisu bile ureene po-te niti tano odreeni pravci i vrijeme slanja poiljki, ali je Bosna kaotranzitni prostor sluila i za prijenos vijesti i poiljki izmeu Evropei Osmanskog carstva. Prvi put je 1812. godine tano odreeno vrije-me odlaska i povratka pote i to na relaciji Pariz Carigrad, koja jekroz Bosnu prolazila iz pravca Kostajnice preko Banje Luke, ravnika,Sarajeva, Foe i dalje preko Pljevalja i Skoplja za Carigrad. ada je,zahvaljujui velikom utjecaju Francuske na Balkanu, uspostavljena tzv.francuska pota kojom je, zbog trgovine pamukom, rukovodila fran-cuska trgovaka kua Fraissinet ije je sarajevsko sjedite bilo u hanu

Kolobara. U to doba sarajevska pota je imala i svoj ig sa natpisomBosna Sarai.

igovi pota/ Postal seals

MOSTAR

MOSTAR

BOSANSKI BROD

BANJA LUKA

BIHA

BIJELJINA


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In early times people in Bosnia and Herzegovina undoubtedly ex-changed news and information with the rest of the world. Weare not familiar with all forms of communication and methods ofnews exchange in early times in Bosnia, but it is certain that no

evidences on the existence of a message delivery service were found dur-ing the period of medieval Bosnian state. During this period, news weremost often transferred by tradesmen, and it was not until the Ottomanperiod that the first forms of a postal service activities appeared, and thefirst messengers were couriers, heralds, artars and tradesmen. In thefirst period, neither post offi ces nor specific messengers routes and thetime of sending were determined and specified, but Bosnia as a transi-tional area also served for transfer of the news and messages betweenEurope and the Ottoman Empire. In 1812, for the first time a preciselyspecified time of departure and return of a mail was determined on theroute Paris Constantinople, which passed through Bosnia from thedirection of Pljevlje and Skopje to Constantinople. At that time, dueto considerable influence of France on Balkans, so called Te FrenchPost was established which due to the cotton trade, was governed by

French trade store Fraissinetwith its headquarters in Sarajevo hostelryKolobara. At that time the post in Sarajevo had its own seal with theinscription Bosna Sarai.

TRAVNIK

TUZLA

VIEGRAD

LIVNO

SARAJEVO

BRKO

igovi pota/ Postal seals


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Menzilhane su u osmansko doba bile potanske stanice udaljenejedna od druge toliko da se taj put moe prei za dan jahanja na konju.Imale su uvijek odreeni broj osedlanih konja spremnih za jahanje. Zafunkcioniranje menzilhana bili su odgovorni posebni dravni slubenici menzildije.

Prve menzilhane u Bosni su otvorene u 18. stoljeu. Nalazile suse na glavnim potanskim putevima koji su vodili iz Carigrada u pravcuSarajeva, Mostara, ravnika, uzle i Broda.

U Bosni je u prvoj polovici 19. stoljea postojala privatna pota.Naime, od 1836. do 1848. sarajevski trgovac piro Rajkovi imao jekoncesiju za prijenos potanskih poiljki od Sarajeva do BosanskogBroda. Ovom potom, koja je bila smjetena u alihanu, prenoene surazne poiljke, ukljuujui i novac, ali je potarina bila jako visoka. OdSarajeva do Broda i obratno potu je prenosio jedan Musliman, Juruku torbi. Ovaj potar raspoznavao se od ostalih ljudi po tome to je okokoljena nosio zvono. U Slavonskom Brodu potu je preuzimao izvjesniMuicki i dalje otpremao austrijskom potom. Potu iz Broda Juruk jedonosio u Sarajevo i predavao je Rajkoviu, a ovaj je u magazi isporui-

vao prispjele poiljke.

urski period

Godine 1850. u Sarajevu je otvorena i tzv. Konzulova pota, koja jeaustrijskom konzulatu sluila za prijenos pote, ali su se njome sluili iengleski, talijanski, francuski i ruski konzulati. Iz Sarajeva ovom linijompota se otpremala svakog etvrtka, a prenosio ju je potar na konju.

Put od Sarajeva do Broda i obratno potar je prelazio za devet dana.I, tako, dok su funkcionirale razne privatne pote, francuska pota,Konzulova pota, Bosna je ostajala bez redovnog dravnog potanskogsaobraaja i dravnih potanskih stanica. Funkciju dravnih potanskihstanica obavljale su telegrafske stanice, koje se u Bosni prvi puta javljaju1858, kada je uvedena telegrafska linija Mostar Metkovi. Ovo je vanospomenuti jer pokazuje da je Bosna bila ukljuena u meunarodni te-legrafski saobraaj prije nego u telegrafski saobraaj unutar Osmanskogcarstva. Uvoenje telegrafa bilo je pravi revolucionarni tehniko-tehno-

loki dogaaj u razvoju komunikacija meu ljudima.Risto Ivanievi, trgovac iz Mostara, o uvoenju prvoga tele-grafa ostavio je slijedei zapis: U Mostaru nije bilo brzojava, te je sa

Potanska markaBosna sarai/ Postal stamp

Bosna sarai


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During the Ottoman pe-riod post offi ces were called

Menzilhane, and the distance be-tween them could be covered ina day of a horse ride. Tey alwayshad a certain number of saddledhorses ready for riding. Specialstate offi cials were responsible forthe proper operation ofmenzilhane,and they were called menzildzije.

Te first menzilhane inBosnia started operation in the18thcentury. Tey were placed atthe main post routes from Constantinople to Sarajevo, Mostar, ravnikuzla and Brod.

In the first half of 19th century a private post offi ce existed inBosnia. From 1836 to 1848, Sarajevo salesman Spiro Rajkovic had aconcession for a mail transfer from Sarajevo to Bosanski Brod. Tis post

offi ce was situated in ashlihan, and letters and various postal items weretransferred, but a postage rate was very high. From Sarajevo to Brodmail was carried over by a Muslim, Juruk, in his bag. Te postmanwas recognized by a bell tied up around his knee. In Slavonski Brod themail was handed over to a man called Musicki who further forwardedthe mail by the Austria Post. Juruk carried the mail from Brod back toSarajevo and handed it over to Mr. Rajkovic who delivered it.

urkish PeriodIn 1850 so called the Consul Post Offi ce was established in Sarajevo,and was used by the Austrian Consulate for a mail transfer, but alsoby the British, Italian, French and Russian Consulates. From Sarajevomail was transferred every Tursday by a draught horse and a post-man. Te distance from Sarajevo to Brod and back to Sarajevo wascovered in 9 days.

While various private post offi ces operated on the territory of

Bosnia, there was neither regular postal service on the state level norstate post offi ces. elegraph offi ces, which for the first time were estab-lished in 1858 in Bosnia, when the telegraphic line MostarMetkovic

Stanica za koije Boacna putu B.LukaJajce/ Coach station Bocac

on road B.LukaJajce


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Metkovia doveden i namjestili su stani-cu u Rustanbegov konak, sina Ali-paeRizvanbegovia, ondje gdje je sada mi-tropolija. Kad su ga namjestili nisu vje-rovali, naroito urci, govorili su da suuhvatili dinskog cara, te ga zatvorili, teim on kazuje, ta se radi. Bijae iz SarajevaMehmed-aga emerli, kontradija, dava-e vojsci hranu te im rekne: ja u sada znatiznaju li ti brzojavi sa odgovorom plaenimna Filipa Dominikovia iz Metkovia iupita ga je li dolo ito emerlia, dobijeodgovor da nije dolo niti se zna da li e

doi, te se po ovome uvjeri da ono kucajui neto zna.Sredinom 19. stoljea, u vrijeme vladavine opal Osman-

pae (18611869), uvode se u Bosni stalne potanske lini-je, ali se u potanskom saobraaju prijenos poiljki obavljaozaprenim kolima i tovarnim konjima koji su bili osamareni naro-

itim samarima na koje su se mogla natovariti dva velika sanduka.U sanduke su se stavljale vree s pismima, zatim kese s novanim poilj-kama. U potanskoj stanici sanduci se zakljuavaju i plomviraju.

Sarajevo je 1860. povezano telegrafskom linijom sa Carigradom.Potanske usluge su, osim telegrafskih stanica, obavljale i pojedine poli-cijske kancelarije, kao i kadijske kancelarije, koje su takoer sluile kaomjesta sakupljanja potanskih poiljki. Budui da u svim kadilucimanije bilo pote, odlueno je da i oni kadiluci gdje ne postoje telegraf i po-ta imaju po jednog slubenika koji e jedanput sedmino nositi pisma

do najblie potanske stanice. Vanost potanskog saobraaja pokazujei injenica da su pojedine novine, koje su izlazile u Bosni u 19. stoljeu,vrijeme svoga izlaenja prilagoavale vremenu dolaska pote u grad gdjesu izlazile.

U Sarajevu je oko 1864. u Konak-ulici (Bistrik) izgraena prvaprikladnija zgrada za potansku stanicu. Dotada u ovom gradu, kao niu cijeloj BiH, nije bilo takvih potanskih ustanova. Zgrada potanskestanice razlikovala se od drugih zgrada u gradu po spoljnjem obiljeju iunutranjem ureenju. Na zgradi se oko 1868. nalazila tabla s nazivom

pote () Unutranje ureenje potanske stanice bilo je prilagoenonjenoj funkciji, ali opti izgled ostavljao je utisak nerazvijenosti i pri-mitivizma () Namjetaj u poti bio je vrlo oskudan: samo jedan sto,

Zgrada prve telegrafskecentrale u Sarajevuiz 1864 g./ The firstcentral telegraph building in

Sarajevo from 1864


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was installed, conducted the work of the state post offi ces. Tis is impor-tant for it indicates that Bosnia was integrated in the international tel-egraphic traffi c even before it was a part of the telegraphic traffi c withinthe Ottoman Empire. Te establishment of the telegraphic system wasa technical and technological revolutionary event in the development ofcommunication between people.

Risto Ivanisevic, a salesman from Mostar, left a following note onthe occasion of a installment of the first telegraph: Mostar was withouta telegraph, so they had brought it from Metkovic and installed thestation in the Rustanbeg quarters, which belonged to the son of AliPashaRizvanbegovic, where a mitropolitanate is situated now. Whenthey installed it, they could not believe it, especially the urks, whothought they had seized a Jinns king,captured him, and it was he who hadbeen speaking through this mysteri-ous device. A man named MehmedAga Cemerlic lived in Sarajevo, whoused to give a food to an army, and

who once wanted to test this strangeand unusual device, so he sent aquestion to Filip Dominikovic fromMetkovic whether the crop has ar-rived, and he indeed did get an an-swer that the crop has not arrivedand it is not certain whether it wouldarrive or not, so he was convincedthat this strange device knows something.

In the mid of the 19 century, during a reign of opal Osman Pasha(1861 1869) regular postal routes were established. Mail and variousitems were transported by a horsedrawn cart and draughthorses sad-dled by a special packsaddle which could be loaded with two big chestboxes. Tese boxes most often contained sacks with letters and bagswith remittances. Tese chest boxes were locked and sealed in the postoffi ce.

In 1860 a telegraphic line had been established between Sarajevoand Constantinople. Besides telegraphic offi ces, police and cadi(judge)

offi ces also conducted postal services and served as a place for the col-lection of letters and consignments. Since post offi ces had not been es-tablished in all parishes, it was decided that those parishes which were

Pismo iz turskog perioda/ A letter from the Turkish

period


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stolica i velika korpa u koju se bacaju pisma. Jo lo-ije stanje je bilo u potanskim stanicama po drugimgradovima Bosne i Hercegovine.

O funkcioniranju potanskog saobraaja uBosni vodila je rauna vilajetska Uprava za telegraf ipotu, u okviru koje je djelovala posebna Generalnadirekcija telegrafa i pota.

Koncem osmanske vladavine vilajetska upravaje predloila novu koncepciju povezivanja potan-skih puteva koji su povezivali razne dijelova Bosne,

ali ovaj projekt osmanska uprava nije imala vremena realizirati.U Bosni su koncem osmanske vladavine, kao i u veini drugih

evropskih zemalja, utvrene norme u potanskom saobraaju, koje sudobrim dijelom ostale na snazi i dan-danas. ako, naprimjer, u pismaje bilo zabranjeno da se stavljaju novac i dokumenti; preporuena pismase stavljaju u kovertu i moraju biti zapeaena najmanje na tri mjesta;predaju se specijalnom slubeniku, a poiljac dobija potvrdu o predaji;ukoliko bi se preporueno pismo izgubilo pota je bila obavezna da po-

iljaocu nadoknadi tetu; taksa za neplaena pisma uzimae se prilikomisporuke. Pisma koja su putovala bez naplaene takse bila su obiljeanaposebnom markom cement-boje. ()

Osim pisama, novina, asopisa, potom je bio dozvoljen prijenos ra-znih spisa, paketa i drugih vrijednosti (zlatni i srebreni novac, nakit, trgo-vaka roba, slike, knjige, geografske karte), ali pod uslovom da, prema svomobimu i veliini, mogu stati upotansku torbu.

Potansk markiz austrougarskogperioda/ Postal stamp from

AustroHungarian period

Telegrafista/ A telegraphist


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without a post offi ce or a telegraph, have a postaloffi cial who would carry letters to the closest postoffi ce once a week. Te importance of a postal traffi cindicates a fact that certain newspapers were pub-lished on a day of a mail arrival in a town.

In 1864 a first proper building for the post offi cewas built in Sarajevo in Konak Street (Bistrik). Untilthen, in this city and in all Bosnia and Herzegovina,there was no such postal institution. Te Post Offi cebuilding differed from others both in internal deco-ration and external peculiarities. In 1868, at the top of the building wasa board with the name of the post (...) . Internal decoration of the postoffi ce was adapted to its function, but the overall appearance made animpression of underdevelopment and primitiveness (...). Te furniturein the post offi ce was very modest: a table, a chair and a big box for let-ters. In the post offi ces in other towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina thesituation was even worse.

Te regions administration for the telegraph and post was re-

sponsible for the regular operation of the postal traffi c in Bosnia, withinwhich operated the General Directorate for the elegraph and Post.

At the end of the Ottoman reign, the regions administration sug-gested a new concept for the connection of the postal routes which con-nected different parts of Bosnia, but the Ottoman administration didnot have enough time for the implementation of this project.

At the end of the Ottoman reign in Bosnia, certain standardswere established for the postal traffi c as in other European countries,which for the greater part remained effective even today. For example,

it was forbidden to put money or documents in the letters; registered let-ters were to be put in a envelope and sealed at least at three places; theywere handed over to a special employee, and a sender received confirma-tion of delivery; if the registered letter was lost, the post was obliged tocompensate it to a sender; a tax for unpaid letters were to be paid at themoment of delivery. Tose letters that were transported unpaid, weremarked with the special cementcolored stamp. (...)

Along with letters, newspapers and journals, transport of variousdocuments, packages and other valuable things (golden and silver coins,

jewelry, merchandise, paintings, books, maps, etc.) was allowed underthe condition that they fit the post bag in size and volume.

Potansk markiz austrougarskogperioda

/ Postal stamp fromAustroHungarian period


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Period austro-ugarske uprave

U osmansko doba Bosna i Hercegovina je dobila modernu po-tansku i telegrafsku mreu, a u austrougarsko doba ta mrea se znatnoproirila i u funkciju je uvedena jo i telefonska mrea. Za vrijeme oku-pacije prvo je trebalo organizirati prijem, transport i dostavu pisama,novina i novanih poiljki za potrebe vojske, pa su organizirane tzv.ratne pote, koje su nakon skrenog otpora prerasle u vojne pote. Zavrijeme austrougarske uprave u BiH je otvoreno ukupno 150 potanskihstanica, a prijenos potanskih poiljki obavljao se konjima, kolima sakonjskom zapregom i eljeznicom.

U austrougarsko doba potanski saobraaj je znatno modernizi-ran, uvedeni su potanski sanduii, znatno je intenzivirana izdavakadjelatnost potanskih maraka, a vrsta potanskih usluga je veoma proi-rena. Bilo je mogue obavljati sve potanske usluge: razmjenu svih vrstapisama (obinih, preporuenih, ekspresnih, vrijednosnih), slanje paketa,uplate i isplate tednih uloga, prodaju i transport novina i asopisa

Slino potanskom saobraaju razvijala se i telegrafska sluba.Uoi Prvog svjetskog rata ukupno je 196 mjesta u BiH bilo ukljueno utelegrafsku mreu, pri emu je vano istaknuti injenicu da je izuzetnodobro funkcionirala telegrafska veza ne samo unutar zemlje nego i saudaljenijim mjestima (npr. Sarajevo je imalo direktnu telegrafsku vezu

Potansko vozilo ispredzgrade pote u Bihau/ Postal lorry in front of the

post building in Bihac


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Te Period of AustroHungarian

Administration

During the Ottoman period, Bosnia and Herzegovina estab-lished modern postal and telegraph network, which during the AustroHungarian period was expanded. Moreover, telephone network wasbrought into operation. During the time of the occupation, it was nec-essary to organize transport and exchange of letters, newspapers andremittances for the army needs, therefore, so called war posts were or-ganized, which when the resistance was crushed, have developed intothe army post. During the AustroHungarian administration in BIH,altogether 150 post offi ces had been opened, and the mail was trans-ported by the horses, horsedrawn carts and a railway.

During this period, the postal service had been considerablymodernized, post boxes were introduced, the issuing of post stamps wasintensified and a range of post services was broadened. It was possible

to use all kinds of services: exchange of all kinds of letters (ordinary,registered, express, valuable, etc.), parcels, deposits and disbursementsof savings account, sale and transport, newspapers and journals...

A telegraph service was developing similar to the postal traffi c.At the beginning of the World War I, totally 196 towns in BIH werewithin the telegraph network, and it is important to emphasize that the

Zgrada pote u Tuzli/ Post building in Tuzla


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sa Beom, Budimpetom, Gracom, Zagrebom, Osijekom, Splitom,Dubrovnikom, Uicem i Carigradom).

Ve od 1879. bilo je mogue putem telegrafa slati novac izmeupojedinih mjesta u BiH i odredita u ostalim krajevima Austro-Ugarskemonarhije u kojima je postojala dravna telegrafska veza. Od 1884, po-red obinih saopenja, bilo je mogue slati i hitne telegrame, ali se za tuuslugu plaala trostruka tarifa.

Meutim, telegrafu se kao najozbiljniji konkurent pojavio telefon.Uvoenje telefona u komunikaciju meu ljudima, ne samo u BiH, pred-stavljalo je pravi revolucionarni poduhvat jer pisanje depea zahtijevavremena, ali pisanje rijei, koje se uju kao iz usta mnogo je lake, pri

tome uje se na ovoj spravi prirodni glas ovjeka, koji je sigurniji negopotpis. elefon je u Bosni prvi put je upotrijebljen 1882. godine zapotrebe vojske i administracije, dok su privatna lica bila iskljuena iznjegove upotrebe. ek krajem 1894, instaliranjem gradske telefonskestanice u Sarajevu, uinjeni su prvi krupniji koraci ka javnom telefon-skom saobraaju, i to tako da je stanovnitvu doputeno koritenje te-lefona u sluaju neke opasnosti (poar, nesrea i slino). Bili su to tzv.dojavni telefoni, dok je izgradnja telefonske mree u Sarajevu trajalasve do 1898. godine. Sveano otvaranje javnog telefonskog saobraaja

u Sarajevu obavljeno je 16. novembra 1898, a nakon toga se mrea jav-nog telefonskog sabraaja iri i na druge krajeve Bosne i Hercegovine,pa je do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata u 52 naselja bila izgraena mrea

Platno Gabrijela Jurkiasa motivom Pote naObali/Painting by GabrijelJurki, the theme of Post

office Obala


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telegraph link functioned well, not only within the country but alsoon longdistance routes (e.g. Sarajevo had a direct telegraph link withWiena, Budapest, Gratz, Zagreb, Osijek, Split, Dubrovnik, Uzice andConstantinople).

Since 1879 it was possible to send money between certain townsin BIH and to other regions of the AustroHungarian Empire wherea state telegraph line was established. Since 1884, besides regular mes-sages, it was possible to send an emergency telegrams, but a triple tariffhad to be paid.

However, a new serious competition to a telegraph has appeared a telephone. Introducing a telephone as a new way of communicationbetween people represented a true revolution, not only in BIH becausewriting telegrams takes time, but writing words that you can hear ismuch easier, and with the help of this device one can hear a natural voiceof a man, which is more certain than his signature. For the first timethe telephone in BIH was used in 1882 for the needs of the army andadministration, while private individuals did not have access to it. Onlynear the end of 1894, the first steps were made toward the pub-

lic telephone service by the installment of the city telephoneoffi ce, so the people were allowed to use the telephone ina case of a emergency situation (fire, accident, etc.). Tesewere so called emergency telephones, while the construc-tion of telephone network in Sarajevo lasteduntil 1898. Te opening ceremony of thepublic telephone service in Sarajevowas conducted on November 16th,1898, and after that, the public

telephone network was expand-ing to other regions of Bosniaand Herzegovina, and untilthe end of the World WarI, in 52 communities thetelephone network was con-structed. At the beginningthe telephone traffi c was limitedon local telephone communication,

while longdistance telephone traffi c wasestablished in 1903, when Bosanski Brod was con-nected with Hungarian telephone network. In the


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telefonskog saobraaja. U poetku je telefonski saobraaj bio ograniensamo u okvire mjesnog telefonskog komuniciranja, dok je meumjesnitelefonski saobraaj poeo funkcionirati 1903. kada je Bosanski Brodpovezan sa ugarskom telefonskom mreom. U narednom razdoblju ese ova mrea meugradskog i meunarodnog povezivanja poeti iriti(zapravo, radilo se o vezama BiH sa gradovima u Monarhiji, pa se oneu to doba nisu tretirale kao meunarodni saobraaj). Koncem Prvogsvjetskog rata u BiH su bila ukupno 1284 telefonska pretplatnika, ali je

jedino Sarajevo imalo preko 100 pretplatnika (godine 1917. u Sarajevusu bila ukupno 483 pretplatnika). Sve to pokazuje kako je razvoj tele-fonske mree bio ipak slabo izraen i kako se telefonom koristio malibroj ljudi, uglavnom pripadnika drutvene elite i pripadnika organa vla-sti, za razliku od pote i telegrafa, kojima su se u veoj mjeri koristili ipripadnici siromanijih i srednjih slojeva drutva.

Osim toga, mnogi telefonski pretplatnici u BiH nisu mogli ak-tivno sudjelovati u meugradskoim telefonskom saobraaju, nego su unjemu mogli uestvovati pasivno (tj. mogli su obavljati meugradske

razgovore tek ako ih neko nazove iz drugog grada). Uz postojanje tzv.manualnih telefonskih centrala (centrale kod kojih se razgovori ne obav-ljaju izravnim uspostavljanjem veza, nego putem manipulanata), to je

Pota i brzojav u Tuzli/ Post office and telegraph

in Tuzla


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next period this longdistance and international network would beganto expand (in fact cities of BIH were connected with other cities withinthe Empire, so for that time it was not considered as the internationaltraffi c). Near the end of the World War I in BIH, there were 1284telephone subscribers, but only Sarajevo had over 1000 subscribers (in1917 there were 483 subscribers in Sarajevo). Tis demonstrates that thedevelopment of the telephone network was slow and that small group ofpeople used telephone, mainly the members of the high social class andmembers of the state authorities, in contrast to the post and telegraphthat were more used by the members of middle class and people of thelow social standing.

Besides, many telephone subscribers in BIH could not activelyparticipate in longdistance communication, but only passively (theycould establish longdistance calls, only if someone calls them). Withthe manual telephone exchanges (the calls were established through op-erators) the telephone traffi c was slowly developing.

Te air transmission lines were applied in the construction of thenetwork. Holders with numerous wires were placed on many buildings

in the town, especially on the posts. Due to wind, snow and storms,many air transmission lines have been broken, but some have retaineduntil today. At the beginning of 1913, the Directorate for the Post andelegraph in compliance with the city municipality in Sarajevo have

Linijsko potanskovozilo B.NoviB.Petrovac/ Post cab line

B.NoviB.Petrovac


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takoer ukazivalo na slabo razvijentelefonski saobraaj.

U izgradnji mree primjenji-vani su, kao i za telegraf, vazdunivodovi. Na mnogim zgradama ugradu, a naroito na potanskim,postavljani su nosai sa mnogo-brojnim icama. Usljed izloenostivjetru, snijegu i olujama, dolazilo jedo estih prekida vazdunih vodo-va, ali su se oni na manje znaajnimrelacijama zadrali sve do danas.Poetkom 1913. god. Direkcija potai telegrafa, u dogovoru sa Gradskomoptinom u Sarajevu, planirala jepostavljanje ispod zemlje prvih tele-

fonskih kablova. Za postavljanje vodova za privatne telefonske priklju-ke preko tueg zemljita bila je potrebna dozvola vlasnika zemljita.

Brigu o odravanju prikljunih vodova preuzimao je zakupnik telefonaukoliko to nije povjerio poti uz poseban paual. Gradnja i odravanjetelefonskih ureaja u utvrenjima i vojnim straama, kao i eljeznikogtelegrafa i telefona, bila je dunost osoblja Direkcije pota i telegrafa.Privatni prikljuni vodovi nisu se smjeli postavljati na stupovima drav-nih i eljeznikih telegrafa i telefona, ve samo na vlastitom stubu.

O pravilnom funkcioniranju potanskog, telegrafskog i telefon-skog saobraaja u Bosni i Hercegovini za vrijeme austrougarske upravebrinula se Direkcija pota i telegrafa u Sarajevu. Sjedite Direkcije naj-

prije je bilo smjeteno blizu Konaka, potom u blizini Katedrale, a od1913. u zgradi Glavne pote, ija je izgradnja zapoela u proljee 1911,a sveano je otvorena 18. maja 1913. godine. U prizemlju Glavne poteodvijao se itav saobraaj (tu su alteri za sve usluge), na prvom spratu jebilo sjedite Direkcije pota i telegrafa sa velikom dvoranom za konfe-rencije, na drugom spratu su se nalazile telegrafske sekcije, a na treemtelegrafski i telefonski ureaji. U podrumskim prostorijama nalazile suse pei za centralno grijanje, restoran, soba za neoenjene inovnike,soba za vojnike, kuhinja i prostor za kafediju.

Pota, telefon i telegraf nisu zapoljavali veliki broj ljudi. Godine1879. ukupno je bilo angairano 376 osoba, a 1918. broj zaposlenogosoblja iznosio je 1352. Zanimljivo je da itavo vrijeme austrougarske

Telegraf/ The telegraph


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planned to install the first undergroundcables. In order to install undergroundcables for the private telephone connec-tions, permission was required from aland owner. A tenant took care of theconnection lines unless he consigned itto the post with certain compensation.Personnel from the Directorate for thePost and elegraph were in chargeof the construction and maintenanceof the telephones in the fortificationsand army guard sites, as well as of therailway telegraph and telephone. It wasnot allowed to install private connec-tion lines on the state and railway tel-egraph and telephones posts, but onlyon private posts.

During the AustroHungarian

administration, the Directorate forthe Post and elephone maintained aproper functioning of post, telegraphand telephone traffi c in Bosnia andHerzegovina. Te Directorate wassituated near the Konak, afterwardsnear the Cathedral, and since 1913 inthe building of the Main Post Offi ce,which construction began in the spring

of 1911 and the opening ceremony was held on the 18thof May 1913. Atthe ground floor of the Main Post Offi ce, the whole communicationstook place (counters for all services have been placed there), at the firstfloor the Directorate for the Post and elegraph was situated, togetherwith a great conference hall; at the second floor there were telegraphsections, and at the third floor, telegraph and telephone devices. In cel-lar rooms there were central heaters, restaurant, a room for single em-ployees, a room for the soldiers, a kitchen and a space for a coffee housekeeper.

A small number of persons were employed by the Post, elegraphand elephone (P). In 1879, the total number of employees was 376,and in 1918 that number raised to 1352. It is interesting that during the


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uprave prihodi telegrafa itelefona nisu mogli pokri-vati rashode, pa se uravno-teenje budeta ostvarivalodotacijama Zemaljske vladeu Sarajevu. Pa ipak, pota,telegraf i telefon u Bosni iHercegovini toga vremenaobavljali su sve usluge koje suinile i ostale pote u svijetu(od slanja obinih pisama doraznih reklama, porudbinai rauna za kupljenu robu,prepiski organa vlasti, te ra-znih drugih poiljki). Godine1897. BiH je postala i lani-com Svjetskog potanskog

saveza, ime su potanske usluge u naoj zemlji dobile sve karakteristi-

ke meunarodnog i unutranjeg saobraaja onog vremena.

Potanski, telegrafski i telefonski

saobraaj u Bosni i Hercegovini

za vrijeme Kraljevine Jugoslavije

Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, u usporedbi sa ostalim krajevima KraljevineSrba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, Bosna i Hercegovina je posjedovala veomarazvijenu mreu i organizaciju potanskog, telegrafskog i telefonskogsaobraaja. Sve potanske, telegrafske i telefonske institucije u BiH dje-lovale su u okviru Direkcije P u Sarajevu. Godine 1937. nadlenostDirekcije P u Sarajevu proirena je i na pojedine oblasti u Srbiji(uika oblast), Crnoj Gori (zetska oblast) i Hrvatskoj (dubrovakaoblast), ali je iz njene nadlenosti izdvojena bihaka oblast i pripojenaDirekciji P u Zagrebu.

U doba izmeu dva svjetska rata potanski, telegrafski i telefonskisaobraaj u BiH se razvijao sporo. U prvoj fazi su uglavnom samo ob-navljane potanske, telegrafske i telefonske stanice koje su ve djelovale

Slubenici pote apljina

iz 1910. g./ Post officeofficials in Capljina, 1910


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whole period of the AustroHungarian administration, incomes fromtelegraph and telephones could not cover the expenses, so the budg-et was balanced with subsidies of the State Government in Sarajevo.Nevertheless, Te P in Bosnia and Herzegovina conducted all serv-ices as other posts in the world (from ordinary letters to advertisements,orders and bills for purchased goods, documents, etc.). In 1897, Bosniaand Herzegovina has become a member of the Universal Postal Union,and postal services in our country acquired all the characteristics ofinternational and internal traffi c of that time.

Te P traffi c in BIH During

the Period of the Kingdom of

Yugoslavia

After the World War I, in contrast to other regions of the Kingdom of

Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, Bosnia and Herzegovina had a very welldeveloped network and organization of postal, telegraph and telephonecommunications. All postal, telegraph and telephone institutions inBIH have worked within the P Directorate in Sarajevo. In 1937 thecompetence of the P Directorate in Sarajevo was extended to certainareas in Serbia (the Uzice region), Monte Negro (the Zeta region) andCroatia (the region of Dubrovnik), whereas Bihac region was excludedfrom its competence and joined to the P Directorate in Zagreb.

In the period between two world wars, postal, telegraph and

telephone traffi c was slowly developing in BIH. In the first phase,only postal, telegraph and telephone offi ces which operated duringthe AustroHungarian period were reconstructed (e.g. in 1937 therewere 151 post offi ces in BIH, the number being the same as duringthe AustroHungarian period when 150 posts were open). elegraphand telephone services were most often conducted by the posts. At thebeginning of 1920s, 122 telegraphs operated on the territory of BIH,which is less than during the AustroHungarian period (127 telegraphsoperated), but it is evident that between the two wars, the telephone

traffi c became more significant compared to the post and telegraph.Te reason is that the public telephone communications were not seri-ously damaged during the World War I. At the beginning of 1919, 60


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u doba austrougarske vladavine (naprimjer,godine 1937. u BiH je postojala 151 pota,a to znai da je ostao isti broj kao i u dobaaustrougarske uprave kada je otvoreno uku-pno 150 pota). Najee su potansku, tele-grafsku i telefonsku slubu obavljale pote.Poetkom 20-ih godina u BiH su radila 122telegrafa, to je manje nego u doba austro-ugarske uprave (kada ih je radilo 127), alije primjetno da u doba izmeu dva svjetskarata vei znaaj dobiva telefonski saobraaju odnosu na potu i telegraf. Posljedica jeto injenice da javni telefonski saobraaj

tokom Prvog svjetskog rata nije pretrpio znatnije poremeaje. Poetkom1919. ve je bilo osposobljeno za rad 60 telefonskih stanica, to je za 8 vieu odnosu na doba austrougarske uprave. Ve 1922. u BiH je bilo u funkciji66 telefonskih centrala, a samo 1923. otvoreno je jo 27 centrala. Od 1924.do 1940. otvoreno je jo 37 telefonskih centrala, pa je pred Drugi svjetski

rat u BiH u finkciji bilo ukupno 130 telefonskih centrala. Poveanje bro-ja stanica bilo je praeno proirenjem gradske i meugradske telefonskemree, ime je telefonski saobraaj sve vie dobivao na znaaju.

No, irenju telefonskog saobraaja ponajvie su doprinijela brojnatehniko-tehnoloka usavravanja. U prvom redu to je uvoenje automat-skog telefonskog saobraaja. Ve 1930. istie se zahtjev da Sarajevo dobijeautomatsku telefonsku centralu, ali tek 1934. u zgradi Glavne pote suzapoele pripreme prostorija za njezin smjetaj. Centrala, kao i rekon-strukcija cjelokupne gradske telefonske mree u Sarajevu, zavrena je do

poetka 1936, pa je 1. marta te godine zvanino otvorena prva automat-ska telefonska centrala u Bosni i Hercegovini za 2000 brojeva. Naredne,1937. godine automatska telefonska centrala otvorena je na Ilidi, a 1938.i u rebinju. Izvjesno vrijeme mnogi pretplatnici alili su se i javno pro-testovali da od uvoenja automatskih telefona nemaju mira ni nou ni da-nju. Nije to bilo zbog telefonskog uznemiravanja, nego zbog poveanogobima i lakeg koritenja telefona sa automatskom centralom. Ipak, biloje i telefonskog uznemiravanja, pa je Pravilnikom o telefonskoj slubi bilopredvieno da se moe demontirati telefonski aparat onom pretplatniku

sa kojega se nepristojno ponaa, ili ako se privatni telefoni po kafanama,hotelima i slino ne ustupe za razgovore od javnog interesa (naprimjer zaobavijesti u sluaju poara, poplava i slino).

Potanska marka draveSHS /Postal stampof state of Serbs, Croats

and Slovenians


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telephone stations were functional, which was 8 more compared to theAustroHungarian period. In 1922, there were already 66 telephone of-fices and in 1923, 27 more offi ces were established. Since 1924 to 1940,37 telephone offi ces were opened, so before the World War II, in Bosniaand Herzegovina there were totally 130 functional telephone offi ces. Atthe same time as the number of the telephone stations was increasing,the internal and longdistance telephone network was extended andtherefore more significant.

Numerous technicaltechnological improvements influenced arapid development of telephone communications. First of all, automatictelephone traffi c was introduced. In 1930, a growing demand for theautomatic telephone exchange existed, but not before 1934, the prepa-rations of its site started in the building of the Main Post Offi ce. TeMain Post Offi ce, as well as the reconstruction of overall city telephonenetwork in Sarajevo, was completed in 1936, and on the 1st of Marchthe first automatic telephone exchange with 2000 numbers was put intooperation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Nextyear, 1937, another automatic telephone

exchange was put into operation at Ilidza,and in 1938 in rebinje. For a certain timemany subscribers complained and even pub-licly protested, because they are constantlydisturbed during day and night. Tis wasnot only due to telephone disturbance butalso due to easier and increased usage oftelephones with the automatic exchange.Nevertheless, there were cases of telephone

disturbance, and Te Book of Regulationson the elephone Services provided pos-sibilities that a telephone device can bedismantled in case of indecent behavior ofa subscriber, or if the public telephones inrestaurants, hotels are not ceded in cases ofpublic importance (fire, floods, etc.).

In this period Bosnia and Herzegovinabecame a part of the international telephone

traffi c. Some Bosnian cities were connectedwith various cities in Italy, Austria, CzechRepublic, Hungary, Germany, Netherlands,

Prvi telefonski aparati/ The first telephone

instruments


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Uz ovaj unutranji telefonski saobraaj, BiH se u ovo doba snanoukljuila i u meunarodni telefonski saobraaj. Pojedini bosanskoher-cegovaki gradovi su bili povezani sa nizom gradova u Italiji, Austriji,ekoj, Maarskoj, Njemakoj, Holandiji, Rumuniji, vajcarskoj,Poljskoj, Grkoj, Francuskoj, urskoj, Bugarskoj, Belgiji i drugim ze-mljama. o je vodilo i poveanju broja telefonskih pretplatnika. Godine1929. u Bosni i Hercegovini su bila ukupno 2.194 telefonska pretplat-nika, ali su jedino etiri mjesta uzla (sa 104), Banja Luka (sa 115),Mostar (sa 131) i Sarajevo (sa 999) imali iznad 100 pretplatnika. egodine je od ukupno 111 mjesta, ak u 77 njih bilo manje od po 10 pret-platnika, u 28 mjesta bilo je izmeu 10 i 50 pretplatnika, a samo u dvaizmeu 50 i 100 pretplanika. o pokazuje kako je telefonski saobraajvezan za vee administrativne centre i centre sa razvijenijom trgovi-nom. Vremenom e broj pretplatnika rasti, pa je pred Drugi svjetski ratsamo u Sarajevu bilo 2069 pretplanika, uz postojanje nekoliko javnihgovornica. Javne govornice su postojale i u drugim manjim mjestima(Kiseljak, Koraj, eoak itd.).

Pretplatnici su za uvoenje telefona plaali taksu, koja je bila

jednaka za sve pretplatnike u jednom mjestu. Uz to, svaki korisniktelefona plaao je pretplatu, koja se plaala najprije polugodinje, a ka-snije kvartalno. Visina pretplate ovisila je od toga u kojoj se kategorijipretplatnik nalazio (bilo je, naime, pet kategorija pretplatnika: banke idruga preduzea sa veim ili manjim kapitalom, zatim dravne i vjer-ske ustanove, pa advokati, te novine i, na kraju, privatni stanovi i Pslubenici). Ukoliko vlasnik telefona ne bi plaao pretplatu, sankcija jebila iskljuenje telefona, a pri tome su se na udaru nalazili svi vlasnicipodjednako, bez obzira da li se radilo o obinim vlasnicima ili o pred-

stavnicima dravne administracije. ako je, naprimjer, upravnik pote uBijeljini 1923. odbio uspostaviti telefonsku vezu naelniku sreza, koji jenamjeravao obaviti razgovor sa jednim pretplatnikom iz uzle. Razlogza to odbijanje bio je dug kojeg je bijeljinski naelnik imao za telefonskeusluge, pa mu je zbog toga telefon bio iskljuen. Ni prijetnja silom nijenatjerala upravnika pote da odustane od potivanja propisa u vezi sanaplaivanjem dugova za telefonske usluge.

Jedinice telefonske mree locirane su u gradovima i varoicama,u sjeditima srezova, optina i industrijskih preduzea, a samo rijetko

u selima. Broj telefonskih pretplatnika u tim mjestima zavisio je od raz-voja privrede, organizacije uprave, demografskog kretanja stanovnitvai njegovog socijalnog poloaja () elefonske usluge bile su dostupne


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Romania, Switzerland, Poland, Greece, France, urkey, Bulgaria,Belgium and other countries. Tis influenced the increase in the numberof subscribers. In 1929 there were 2194 telephone subscribers in BIH,and four cities had more than 100 subscribers: uzla104, Banja Luka115, Mostar131 and Sarajevo 999. During this year, from total 111towns, in 77 of them, a number of subscribers was less than 10, in 28towns a number of subscribers varied from 10 to 50, and only in twotowns this number was between 50 and 100 subscribers. Tis clearlyindicates that telephone traffi c depends largely on bigger administrativecenters and centers with welldeveloped commerce. In time the numberof subscribers increased, and before the World War II only in Sarajevothere were 2069 subscribers, and also few telephone booths. elephonebooths existed in some towns as well(Kiseljak, Koraj, eocak, etc.).

Te subscribers used to paya fee for the telephone connection,which was equal for all subscribersat one place. In addition to that, eve-

ry phone user used to pay the sub-scription fee, at first semiannuallyand later quarterly. Te amount ofthe subscription fee was determinedaccording to the category to whichsubscriber belonged (namely, therewere five categories of subscribers:banks and other companies withlarger or smaller capital, state and religious institutions, lawyers and

the newspapers and at the end residential users and post offi ce employ-ees). If the owner of the telephone would not pay for the subscription,sanction was disconnection of the telephone, and in this matter allowners were treated equally, disregarding whether they were commonowners or representatives of state administration. Tus, for example, themanager of the post offi ce in Bijeljina in 1923, refused to connect thetelephone line to the mayor of the county, who had intended to have atelephone conversation with one subscriber from uzla. Te reason forthis refusal was the fact that the mayor from Bijeljina had some debt for

telephone service, and his telephone was disconnected. Even the threatthat he would use force could not make the manager of the post offi ce

Reklamna dopisnicaSIEMENS iz 1940. god./ Official SIEMENS postcard

from 1940


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gradskom stanovnitvu. Seosko stanovnitvo i njegovapreteno naturalna privreda davali su zemlji svoje obilje-je, koje se odraavalo i na telefonsku slubu i pretplatni-ke. U seoskim drumskim naseljima koja su centri ruralnesredine i imaju neku upravnu funkciju, nalazi se najmanjibroj pretplatnika poto imaju javnu govornicu, najee jeto andarmerijska stanica, negdje optina, duhanska sta-nica i sl.

Razvoj potanskog, telegrafskog i telefonskog sao-braaja zaustavljen je za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata.

Dodue, u ratno vrijeme on je funkcionirao, ali je bio u funkciji faisti-kih ciljeva njemako-talijanskih i NDH vlasti, s jedne, ali i u funkcijiantifaistike borbe, s druge strane. U Banjoj Luci je 1942. godine pu-tena u rad automatska telefonska centrala sa oko dvije stotine brojeva.Bio je to, ako izuzmemo druge oblike potanskog, telegrafskog i tele-fonskog saobraaja kojim su se koristile sve ratujue strane, i tampanjeposebne serije potanskih maraka sa motivima iz Bosne i Hercegovine,jedini vei poduhvat u oblasti telekomunikacija za vrijeme Drugog

svjetskog rata.

Period poslije Drugog svjetskog rata

do 1992. godine

Poslije Drugog svjetskog rata odvija se daljnji proces razvoja telekomu-nikacija u Bosni i Hercegovini, koji se ogleda kako u tehnolokim pro-

mjenama tako i na polju znatnog proirenja mree telefonskih korisnika.Prije svega, gusta i kvalitetna kablovska mrea sve bre zamjenjuje vaz-dune telefonske vodove, a jo uvijek brojne manuelne telefonske cen-trale sve se bre povlae iz upotrebe pred snanim irenjem automatskihtelefonskih centrala. Osobito snaan razvoj telegrafskog i telefonskogsaobraaja primjetan je od 1960-ih godina na irim osnovama programi-ranog razvitka. ada su ukljuene prve AC u automatski meumjesnitelefonski saobraaj, i to najprije Banja Luka (12. 7. 1965), zatim Mostar(14. 2. 1966), pa Sarajevo (27. 7. 1966), dok je uzla u meumjesni te-

lefonski saobraaj ukljuena tek u septembru 1971. godine. U to doba,tanije 1981. godine, uvode se u funkciju i digitalne telefonske centrale.Istodobno su proirivane ve postojee automatske telefonske centrale.

Potanska marka izperioda NDH/ Post stamp during

period of NDH


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to give up following of the regulations related to charging of debts fortelephone service.

elephone network units are located in cities and small towns,county offi ces, municipalities and industrial companies, and only rarely invillages. Te number of subscribers in those places depended on the levelof economic development, administrative organization, demographic mi-grations of the people, and their social standing (). Te telephone serv-ice has been available to the city population. Village population and itsmainly natural economy gave its trait to the country, which reflected onthe telephone service and the subscribers. In the village road settlementsthat are the centres of rural environment and have some kind of adminis-trative function, there is the smallest number of subscribers because theyhave the public phone, most often it is gendarmerie station, at some placesmunicipality, tobacco stations and similar places.

Te development of postal, telegraphic and telephone traffi c washalted during the World War II. o be fair, it was functioning, but itwas in function of the fascist objectives of the GermanItalian and theIndependent State of Croatias authorities, but also in the function of

antifascistic fight on the other side. In Banja Luka, in 1942, automatictelephone exchange started with operation, and it had about two hun-dred numbers. Tat was, if we exclude other forms of postal, telegraphand telephone traffi c, which all warring factions used, and printingof special series of postage stamps with the motifs from Bosnia andHerzegovina, the only larger project in the field of telecommunicationsduring the World War II.

Te Period afterthe World War II until 1992

After the World War II there was a further process of telecommunica-tions development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which reflected in tech-nological changes as well as in the field of significant expansion of thetelephone user network. Above all, the dense and quality cable networkwas faster, replacing the aerial telephone transmission lines, and also,

still numerous manual telephone exchanges were faster in ceasing theiroperation, while automatic telephone exchanges were becoming moreand more present. Especially strong development of telegraphic and tel-


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U vrijeme priprema XIV zimskih olimpijskih igara 1984. u sao-braaj je putena meunarodna centrala u Sarajevu M1OC preko kojesu svi telefonski pretplatnici u BiH ukljueni u evropsku automatskutelefonsku mreu. itavo ovo vrijeme razvoj telefonske mree praen jei iskljuivanjem pojedinih centrala i njihovim objedinjavanjem u okvireveih tranzitnih telefonskih centrala.

ahnoloki razvoj telekomunikacionih sistema e voditi daljnjempoveanju broja korisnika. Naprimjer, samo u Sarajevu je broj telefon-skih pretplatnika sa 2069, koliko ih je bilo 1940. godine, porastao na144.348 pred poetak agresije 1992. godine. Jednako tako je rastao ibroj pretplatnika u itavoj Bosni i Hercegovini. U vrijeme Olimpijade1984. u BiH je bilo 340.622 pretplatnika, dok je taj broj uoi agresije1992. porastao na 610.777 telefonskih prikljuaka.

Uz uveanje broja korisnika telefonije, vano je istaknuti da je odkraja Drugog svjetskog rata 1945. do 1992. godine u BiH telefonskisaobraaj bio i dalje vezan uz pote. Pred poetak agresije 1992. u BiHsu postojale ukupno 854 potanske zgrade sa ukupno 267.000 kvadrat-nih metara prostora. Ukupna telefonska mrea u BiH je, posredstvom

meunarodne automatske telefonske centrale u Sarajevu, bila izravnopovezana sa 13 automatskih telefonskih centrala u sedam evropskih

Prvi telefonski imeniciposlije II svjetskog rata/ The first phone books after

the II World War


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ephone traffi c has been noticed since the 1960s on the wider bases of theprogrammed development. Tat was the time when the first automatictelephone exchanges were connected to the automatic longdistancetelephone traffi c, first in Banja Luka (12 July 1965), then in Mostar (14February 1966), in Sarajevo (27 July 1966), while uzla was connectedto the longdistance telephone traffi c only in September 1971. At thattime, or to be more exact in 1981, digital telephone exchanges werestarting to function. At the same time, existing automatic telephoneexchanges were expanded.

During preparations for the XIV Winter Olympic Games in 1984,international exchange was put into service in Sarajevo M1OC, throughwhich all telephone subscribers in BIH were connected to the Europeanautomatic telephone network. All this time, the development of the tel-ephone network was followed by disconnection of some exchanges andtheir combining into the larger transit telephone exchanges.

echnological development of the telecommunication systemswould lead to a further increase in the number of users. For example,only in Sarajevo the number of telephone subscribers increased from

2069 in 1940, to 144.348 before the aggression in 1992. Te number ofsubscribers equally grew in the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina. At thetime of the Olympic Games, in 1984, in Bosnia and Herzegovina there

Kabinetski posredniciGlavne pote Sarajevo/ Telephone boxes of the

Main Post Office in Sarajevo

conducted by operators


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drava, a preko meunarodne centrale u Beogradu bosanskohercego-vaka telefonske mrea je bila povezana sa cijelim svijetom. Postojalesu jo i tranzitne telefonske centrale u Sarajevu, uzli, Banjoj Luci iMostaru, koje su bile povezane sa svim ostalim tranzitnim centralamana prostoru tadanje jugoslavenske drave. Osim ovih tranzitnih cen-trala, postojale su i glavne telefonske centrala u Goradu, Zenici, Livnu,rebinju, Bihau, Prijedoru, Jajcu, Doboju i Brkom.

Gradnja sarajevskeTT mree/ Construction ofTT network in Sarajevo


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were 340.622 subscribers, while just before the aggression in 1992 thatnumber grew to 610.777 telephone connections.

With the increase in the number of telephone users, it is impor-tant to emphasize that from the end of the World War II from 1945 to1992, the telephone traffi c in BIH was still associated with the post of-fice. Just before the beginning of the aggression, in 1992, in BIH therewere 854 post offi ce buildings with the total of 267.000 m of space. Teoverall telephone network in BIH, by the means of the internationalautomatic telephone exchange in Sarajevo, was directly connected with13 automatic telephone exchanges in seven European countries, andthrough the international exchange in Belgrade, the telephone networkof Bosnia and Herzegovina was connected with the entire world. Tetransit telephone exchanges also existed in Sarajevo, uzla, Banja Lukaand Mostar, which were connected to allthe other transit exchanges in the areaof the former Yugoslavian country. Inaddition to these exchanges, there weremain telephone exchanges in Gorazde,

Zenica, Livno, rebinje, Bihac, Prijedor,Jajce, Doboj and Brcko.

Izgradnja

Potanskog centraSarajevo, 1989/ Construction of Postal

Center Sarajevo


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U odbrani drave

i civilizacijskih

postignuaDefending Country

and Civilizations

Achievements


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Meunarodno priznanje Republike Bosne i Hercegovine6. aprila 1992. godine bio je poetak otvorene i pot-pune agresije na njen suverenitet, a pored vojnog uda-ra na njen teritorijalni integritet, uslijedio je takoer i

izuzetno snaan napad na njen P sistem. Kreatori agresije poelisu u potpunosti realizirati plan prekida informacija i komuniciranjameu ljudima. Ukinuti informacije, ugasiti signal, iskljuiti elektrinuenergiju, prekinuti promet i slino, znailo je unititi ovjeka modernihbosanskohercegovakih gradova, osobito Sarajeva kao politikog, admi-nistrativnog i upravnog centra drave.

Nemogue je opisati sve rtve i stradanja koje su uposlenici P-a Bosne i Hercegovine podnijeli obavljajui svoj posao, a sve u nasto-janju da se odupru agresiji. Meutim, mogue je djelomino naznaitiput kojim se ovo preduzee kao kolektiv uspjelo izboriti sa nedaamaratnog i poratnog vremena. Sjeanja na te dane jo su iva, a radostuspostavljanja veza sa svijetom bila je puno vie od tehnikog uspjeha,

jer se time vraalo dostojanstvo napae-nog stanovnitva. Mo znanja, struno-

sti i elje za opstankom uinili su da senajosnovnije veze Bosne i Hercegovine sasvijetom uspostave i u najnevjerovatnijimratnim uvjetima 1992.1995. godine.

Neprijatelji bosanskohercegovakedrave poeli su sistematski ubijati ljude,unitavati gradove, a osim vojnih ubojitihsredstava, u projekt okupacije planiralisu unitenje radiorelejnog sistema, zatim

mree koaksijalnih kablova, potanskeinfrastrukture, transportnog sistema,energetskih jedinica, zaliha reprodukci-onog materijala, dokumentacije, zgrada,odnosno svega to bi moglo posluiti us-postavljanju veza meu ljudima i prodira-nju u svijet istine o ratu.

Prije rata, P sistem RepublikeBosne i Hercegovine sastojao se iz tri

autonomne mree i to: telegrafske, tele-fonske i mree za prijenos podataka sakomutacijom paketa. Kapaciteti telegraf-

Razaranje PTT objekata/ Destrucion of PTT facilities


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he International recognition of the Republic of Bosnia andHerzegovina on the 6thof April 1992, marked the beginningof the open and overall aggression on its sovereignty. Alongwith military attacks at its territorial integrity, a ferocious

attack on its P system followed. Creators of aggression started torealize their plan to intercept the exchange of information and commu-nication between people. o prevent the information exchange, cancelthe signal, switch off the electric power, stop the traffi c and similar,meant to destroy a man of modern Bosnian and Herzegovinian cities,especially Sarajevo as political, administrative and governing centre ofthe state.

It is impossible to describe all sufferings which the P employ-

ees endured while carrying out their work, trying to resist the aggres-sion. However, it is partly possible to describe how this company as ateam succeeded to fight all misfortunes of the war and afterwar period.Memories of those days are still alive, and joy because of successfullyrestored connections with the world meant much more than technicalsuccess, for it brought back dignity of the agonized people. Te powerof knowledge, expertise and desire for the survival made possible theestablishment of the basic communication with the world in the mostextraordinary war conditions 19921995. Te enemies of Bosnia and

Herzegovina started to kill people, destroy cities and along with deadlyweapons, with their project of occupation, they planned to destroy a ra-diorelay system of coaxial cable network, postal infrastructure, trans-

Oteenja na TK centruDolac Malta Sarajevo/ Devastation on TC Center

Dolac Malta Sarajevo


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ske mree sastojali su se od tranzit-ne telegrafske centrale u Sarajevu,vornih centrala u uzli, BanjojLuci i Mostaru, te krajnjih centralau Bihau, Jajcu, Prijedoru, Livnu,rebinju, Goradu, Zenici, Brkom iDoboju. Centrale su meusobno bilepovezane telegrafskim vodovima.Meunarodni telegrafski saobraajobavljao se preko tranzitne centraleu Sarajevu. Ukupno je bilo instalira-no 2.800 telex prikljuaka. Centralemagistralne ravni bile su povezanemeusobno i sa drugim centralama

izvan BiH sa 10.000 spojnih vodova, a unutar mrenih grupa bilo je ufunkciji 7.000 vodova. Za odvijanje odlaznog i dolaznog meunarodnogsaobraaja bilo je u funkciji 750 spojnih vodova. Kapaciteti mree zaprijenos podataka sa komutacijom paketa sastojali su se od osam ko-

mutacionih centara i upravljakog centra u Sarajevu sa 500 instaliranihprikljuaka. Od aprila 1992. godine agresor je paralelno onesposoblja-vao komutacione sisteme za telefonske i telegrafske veze, kao i sistemeza prijenos podataka.

PTT zgrada u Mostaruoteena ratnimdejstvima/ PTT buildingin Mostar damaged by war

actions

Zgrada PTT DirekcijeGorade nakongranatiranja 2. septembra

1992./ The building of PTTDirectorate Gorade after thebombardment on September

2nd, 1992.


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port system, energetic units, stocksof reproductive material, documen-tation, buildings, in other wordseverything that could serve to theestablishment of the communicationbetween people and breaking intothe world of truth about the war.

Before the war, the P sys-tem of the Republic of Bosnia andHerzegovina comprised of threeautonomous networks: telegraphic,telephone and packetswitched datanetwork. Capacities of telegraphicnetwork comprised of transit tele-graphic exchange in Sarajevo, node exchanges in uzla, Banja Luka andMostar, and local exchanges in Bihac, Jajce, Prijedor, Livno, rebinje,Gorazde, Zenica, Brcko and Doboj. Te exchanges were interconnectedby telegraphic lines. Te international telegraphic traffi c was conducted

by the transit exchange in Sarajevo. Overall, 2800 telex and jates con-nections were installed. Te transit exchanges were interconnected withother exchanges outside of BIH with ten thousand connection lines,and here were seven thousand functioning lines within network groups.For conduct of incoming and outgoing international traffi c, there were750 functioning connection lines. Network capacities for transmis-sion of packetswitched data comprised of eight switching centers anda managing centre in Sarajevo, with 500 installed connections. Fromthe April 1992, the aggressor in parallel disabled switching systems

for telephone and telegraph connections as well as systems for the datatransmission.Already from the 3rdof April 1992, the aggressor disconnected

the coaxial cable system, by means of which the telecommunicationtraffi c with Croatia and Slovenia was conducted, and cut off the transferbetween the transit centers Sarajevo and Banja Luka. Among numerousterrorist attacks on the state of BIH, this was the powerful barbarianrejection of the recognition of its independence, which nevertheless fol-lowed several days after. Te spring of 1992 was the time of the most

powerful destruction. Te aggressors army occupied the radiorelaystation Paljenik on the Mount Vlasic and cut off the coaxial cables atthe bridge over Vrbas River in Donji Vakuf. Besides the destruction

Uniten glavni razdjelnikcentrale Obala-Sarajevo/ Destroyed MDF of

exchange Obala-Sarajevo


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Ve 3. aprila 1992. godine agresor jeiskljuio koaksijalno-kablovski sistem po-sredstvom kojeg se odvijao telekomunikaci-oni saobraaj sa Hrvatskom i Slovenijom iprekinuo magistralni prijenos izmeu tran-zitnih centara Sarajeva i Banje Luke. Meubrojnim teroristikim udarima na dravuBosnu i Hercegovinu, ovo je bio snaan bar-barski odgovor na priznavanje njene nazavi-snosti, koje je ipak uslijedilo nakon nekolikodana. Proljee 1992. bilo je vrijeme najsna-nije destrukcije. Agresorska vojska zauzelaje radiorelejnu stanicu Paljenik na Vlaiui prekinula koaksijalne kablove na mostupreko Vrbasa u Donjem Vakufu. Osim uni-tavanja P komunikacija, okupacije relejai predajnika, izvreno je prekidanje i preu-smjeravanje radio-televizijske trase. Ovladati

radio-televizijom znailo je kontrolirati pro-stor plasiranjem vlastitih informacija, a one-moguavanjem P komunikacija uskratitinjihovu provjeru, ime se, uz dodatne mjeregladi, ei i hladnoe, nastojalo pokoriti idezorijentirati stanovnitvo.

Planom nasilnog unitavanja moder-nih P komunikacija nije bilo potee-no ni kulturno naslijee, za to je, izmeu

ostalih, bio oit primjer diverzija, paljenjei bombardiranje zgrade Glavne pote u Sarajevu, arhitektonskog dje-la austrougarskog majstora graditeljstva Josipa Vancaa, napravljene ustilu secesije u vrijeme autorovog traganja za bosanskohercegovakimgraditeljskim stilom. Da je postojanje ove graevine skoro cijelo stoljeena desnoj obali Miljacke bilo za graane Sarajeva vie od njene teh-niko-tehnoloke pragmatike funkcije i estetske vrijednosti, svjedoioje i ispisani grafit na njenoj fasadi u nejteim trenucima poetka rata:Ovo je Pota, budalo!,kao odgovor na politiku neprijateljsku provoka-

ciju ispisanu na istom mjestu: Ovo je Srbija! Paljenje Pote na Obali jesimbol pokuaja unitavanja postojanosti bosanskohercegovakog urba-nog bia. Kulturna i modernizacijska matrica bosanskohercegovakog

Unitena centralaMetaconta(Sarajevo, Dolac Malta)/ Destroyed exchange

Metaconta

(Sarajevo, Dolac Malta)


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of the P communications, the oc-cupation of the relay and transmit-ter, cutting off and redirection ofradiotelevision route was conducted.o occupy radiotelevision meant tocontrol the space by broadcasting theirown information, and to disable theP communications meant to with-hold their review, and with additionalhunger, thirst and coldness, it meantconquering and disorientation of thepopulation.

Tis plan of a barbaric destruc-tion of modern P communicationsspared neither the cultural heritage, for which among others, the clearexample were diversion, setting to fire, and bombarding of the MainPost Offi ce building in Sarajevo, which was designed by the AustroHungarian master of architecture, Josip Vancas, in the style of seces-

sion in the period of the authors search for BosnianHerzegovinianconstruction style. Tat the existence of this building for almost entirecentury, on the right bank of Miljacka River, meant for the citizensof Sarajevo more than its technicaltechnological pragmatic functionand esthetic value, is proved by written graffi ti on its wall in the mostdiffi cult moments of the beginning of the war: Tis is the post offi ce,

you fool!, as the response to hostile political provocation written at thesame place: Tis is Serbia! Setting tofire of the Post Offi ce in Obala Street

can be understood as a symbol ofthe desire to destruct the urban ex-istence of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Cultural and modernization matrixof BosnianHerzegovinian city, itspreservation and nursing of historicalconstruction art as heritage of differ-ent civilization at one historical place,could not destroy political and ideo-

logical changes; it survived regardlessof the changes of the street names,from Apel Kej, Obala Vojvode Stepe to

Unitavanje glavnepote u Sarajevu/ Destruction of Main

Post office in Sarajevo


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grada, njegovanje i uvanje historijskog graditeljskog umijea kao nasli-jea razliitih civilizacija na jednom historijskom prostoru, nisu mogleunititi politike i ideoloke promjene; ona je opstajala bez obzira napromjene imena obale od Apel keja, preko Obale Vojvode Stepe doObale Kulina bana, koji su ujedno i simbolizirale promjene politikihsistema. Glavna pota na Obali se, kao i ovjek u Bosni i Hercegovini,nanovo dizala iz ruevina to je bilo imanentno smislu njezinog po-

stojanja. Bez obzira to su 2. maja 1992. godine, nakon paljenja Pote,izbaena iz funkcije 38.432 lokalna automatska telefonska prikljuka,zatim ispali i izdvojeni pretplatniki stupnjevi ukupnog kapaciteta 7.168prikljuaka koji su bili na ovoj matinoj rejonskoj centrali, i meumjesnai meunarodna automatska telefonska centrala M10C i ARM20 ukup-nog kapaciteta 7.875 prikljunih taaka, te priinjena materijalna tetaod oko 50 miliona dolara, a time unitene tri telefonske centrale: StariGrad I, II i III s namjerom onemoguavanja komunikacije unutar gra-da Sarajeva i stvaranja pometnje u organiziranju odbrane uope, otpor

barbarima je rastao. Osim unitavanja meunarodne telefonske centraleu Sarajevu, stradale su glavne centrale u Goradu i Bihau, vorne cen-trale u Bugojnu i Mostaru sa 8.500 prikljunih taaka, itd. Ukupno je

Potpuno uniten PTTobjekat Obala Sarajevo/ Completely destroyed

PTT facility Obala Sarajevo


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Obala Kulina Bana, which symbolizedchange of political systems. Te MainPost Offi ce on Obala Street, just like aman living in Bosnia and Herzegovina,emerged from the ruins, which was im-manent to the meaning of its existence.Regardless of the fact that on the 2ndofMay 1992, after the post offi ce was setto fire, 38.432 local automatic telephoneconnections were no longer functional,the subscribers switch units of theoverall capacity of 7.168 connectionsfell out and were separated, which werepart of this main regional exchange,and longdistance and internationalautomatic telephone exchange M10Cand ARM20 of the total capacity of7.875 connection points, and the mate-

rial damage of about $ 50 million wasmade, and three telephone exchangeswere destroyed: Stari Grad I, II andIII, with intention to disable commu-nication within the Sarajevo city andcreate disruption in the organizationof defense in general, but the resistanceto barbarians grew stronger. Besidesthe destruction of international tel-

ephone exchange in Sarajevo, the mainexchanges in Gorazde and Bihac andnode exchanges in Bugojno and Mostarwith 8.500 connection points were de-stroyed. In Bosnia and Herzegovinatotally 100.000 connections were de-stroyed, along with the switching nodeand managing center for the transmis-sion of the data in Sarajevo, a great

number of construction facilities, andthe overall damage was estimated to $1billion. Besides bombarding and setting


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u Bosni i Hercegovini bilo uniteno oko100.000 prikljuaka, komutacioni vor iupravljaki centar za prijenos podataka uSarajevu, zatim veliki broj graevinskihobjekata, a ukupna teta je procijenjenana blizu milijardu dolara. Osim bombar-diranja i paljenja objekata, neprijatelj jetokom rata preusmjeravao mreu premadijelovima teritorije koju je vojno kontro-lirao. ako je npr. preusmjerio mreu naGrbavici prema komutacionom vorituna Vracama, koja je prije rata polazilasa komutacionog vorita Dolac Malta.akoer, svi spojni putevi u Vogoi premaSarajevu bili su presjeeni i preusmjereniu drugim pravcima. Spojni put Sarajevo Vogoa preko Rajlovca bio je presjeen,a polaganjem novog kabla kroz podruja

pod neprijateljskom kontrolom povezana Ilida sa Vogoom. Na istinain su tokom rata preusmjeravane veze na mnogim podrujima Bosnei Hercegovine. Odreeni dio teta tokom rata uinile su i razne vojnejedinice koje su na nestruan nain koristile P kapacitete za svojeveze, unitavajui izvodne ormarie, mehanike i elektrine dijelove,kao i ranire u njima. Poseban oblik unitavanja uinjen je od straneagresorskih snaga na podrujima koja su nakon Dejtonskog mirovnogsporazuma bila integrirana u Federaciju Bosne i Hercegovine. U na-stavku pljake i unitavanja npr. komutacija u Vogoi, sistem telefonske

centrale AXE bio je demontiran i odnesen, ali tako nestruno da sedio opreme koji je otuen nije mogao znaajnije iskoristiti, a dio koji jeostavljen nije imao veu vrijednost. U nekim sluajevima pljaka je bila isprijeena, pa su tako na Ilidi francuske jedinice SFOR-a onemoguilelanove pljakake skupine iz Beograda da demontiraju i otue staruCrossbar komutaciju, ali ne i dva RSS-a i ostalu opremu. Manji bo-sanskohercegovaki gradovi bili su potpuno odsjeeni, kao npr. Breza,Olovo, Ilija, Srednje itd.

Poetna zaprepatenost stepenom barbarstva na kraju 20. stolje-

a i malodunost su zamijenjeni razmiljanjem ta uiniti da se baremneka veza sa svijetom ostvari. Sarajevo je, kao politiki centar Bosne iHercegovine, i bez vode i bez struje i bez hrane imalo svoju duhovnost,

GATC Gorade unitenatenkovskom granatom18. aprila 1992/ Main automatic telephone

exchange Gorade destroyed

by tank shell on April 18th,

1992.


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to fire of facilities, the enemy during the war redirected the networktowards the parts of the territory which he controlled militarily. Tus,the enemy redirected the network on Grbavica towards switching nodeon Vraca, the starting point of which, before the war, was the switch-ing node Dolac Malta. Also all connection lines in Vogosca, towardsSarajevo were cut off and redirected to other directions. Connectionline SarajevoVogosca across Rajlovac was cut off and by installing anew cable through the enemys territory, Ilidza was connected withVogosca. Similarly, during the war, the lines were redirected in manyregions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Different military units inflicteddamage during the war, due to unprofessional usage of the P capaci-ties for their own connections, destroying node boxes, mechanical andelectrical parts, as well as switches inside. Special form of destructionwas conducted by the aggressor forces on the territories, which afterthe Dayton Peace Agreement were integrated into the Federation ofBosnia and Herzegovina. In the subsequent looting and destroying offor example, switches in Vogosca, telephone exchange system AXE wasdissembled and taken away, in such unprofessional way, that the part

of the equipment which was stolen, could not be used properly, and thepart which was left behind did not have significant value. In some cases,

Potanski centar Sarajevo/ Postal Center Sarajevo


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a planovi meu zaposlenim u P-u su stvarali nadu u pobjedu kojaje u glavama obinih ljudi oekivana vrlo brzo. U oekivanju kraja rataprole su pune etiri godine.

JP P saobraaja BiH

u vremenu 19921995. godine

Procesi su tekli paralelno. S jedne strane, agresor je sistematski unita-vao sve pred sobom, a sa druge, angairano se radilo na mnogim vrlobitnim organizacijskim poslovima na unutranjem i vanjskom planu.U tim ratnim uvjetima, u Sarajevu je odlukom Predsjednitva Bosne iHercegovine 31. jula 1992. godine zvanino osnovano Javno preduzeeP saobraaja Bosne i Hercegovine (kao pravni sljedbenik nekada-njeg SOUR-a P saobraaja Bosne i Hercegovine). Zadatak je bioveoma kompleksan. rebalo je odgovoriti komunikacijskim potrebamadrave u vanredno tekim ratnim uvjetima. Ve 3. septembra 1992. go-

dine, odlukom predsjednika Predsjednitva Republike BiH, gospodinaAlije Izetbegovia, imenovan je Upravni odbor JP P BiH od devetlanova. U razdoblju od njegovog konstituiranja do decembra 1995.

Pota kod sarajevskoghotela Evropa/ Postoffice near hotel Evropa

in Sarajevo


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looting was prevented, so in Ilidza the French units of SFOR stoppedthe members of looting group from Belgrade to dissemble and steal oldCrossbar switch, but not two RSS and some other equipment. SmallerBosnianHerzegovinian towns were completely cut off, such as Breza,Olovo, Ilijas, Srednje etc.

Te initial shock by the magnitude of barbarism at the end of 20thcentury and faintheartedness were replaced with thinking what to doto establish at least some kind of connection with the world. Sarajevo,as the political centre of BIH, without water and electric power, andwithout the food, had spirituality. Te P employees had hope in thevictory, which in the heads of the individuals was expected very soon.Four years had passed in the expectations of the end of the war.

Public Enterprise P BIH

during the period 19921995

Processes were conducted in parallel. On the one hand, the aggres-sor systematically destroyed everything that stood on his way, and onthe other, the efforts were made to improve significant organizationalactivities. In such war conditions in Sarajevo, by decision of the BIHPresidency, on 31stof July 1992, the Public Enterprise P BIH wasoffi cially founded (as legal successor of former SOUR P BIH). Tetask was very complex, the communication demands of the state had tobe addressed in diffi cult war conditions. Already on the 3rdSeptember1992, by the decision of the President of the Republic of BIH Mr. Alija

Izetbegovic, the Managing Board of the Public Enterprise P BIHcomprised of nine members was appointed. In the period from its foun-dation to December of 1995, 49 sessions were held in the war conditions,under heavy shelling in cold offi ces without wellprepared materials dueto power cut, but very important decisions were made although therewere diffi culties regarding regular personell supply of the ManagingBoard and the Management Bodies. During the sessions, with the totalof 240 items of the agenda, the preconditions for the functioning of thePublic Enterprise P BIH were created in the war and continuation

of its operation in peace, by adoption of the Companys Statute, decisionon temporary organization of the Public Enterprise on forming Psavings bank and the P Engineering, then by the means of resto-


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godine, odrano je 49 sjednica u rat-nim uvjetima rada, pod granatama,u hladnim prostorijama, bez dobropripremljenih materijala zbog ne-stanka elektrine energije, ali su biledonosene vrlo vane odluke, mada supostojale potekoe redovitog kadrov-skog popunjavanja Upravnog odborai poslovodnih organa. Na odranimsjednicama, sa ukupno oko 240 taakadnevnih redova, stvarani su preduvjetiza funkcioniranje JP P BiH u ratui nastavka rada u miru, usvajanjemStatuta preduzea, Odluke o privre-menoj organizaciji JP, o formiranjuP tedionice i P Inenjeringa,zatim nainima obnavljanja P sa-obraaja, uspostavljanja veza sa svije-

tom, imenovanja direktora, cijenama,tarifama, o tampanju potanskih maraka, reklami, itd., to nameeutisak da su upravni i poslovodni organi ve tada razmiljali o buduemmirnodopskom razvoju. Najbolji primjeri za uspjeno voenje pravneprocedure tokom rata bili su realizirani poslovi u vezi sa lanstvom Bosnei Hercegovine u meunarodnim asocijacijama. Disolucijom zajednikejugoslavenske drave, JP P saobraaja BiH postalo je nasljednik svihprava iz meunarodnih ugovora u asocijaciji UPU (Svjetski potanskisavez) sa sjeditem u Bernu i IU (Meunarodna telekomunikaciona

unija) sa sjeditem u enevi. Bivim lanicama ZJ P odreeni suzasebni kodovi, a pozivni broj za meunarodno priznatu dravu Bosnui Hercegovinu je 387 na cijelom njenom podruju. Zahvaljujui zalaga-njima ratnog rukovodstva, datum prijema u EUELSA (Evropskutelekomunikacionu satelitsku organizaciju) sa sjeditem u Parizu se ra-una od 22. 3. 1993. godine. U skladu sa tadanjim vaeim pravilnici-ma, Konvencijom i Sporazumom o eksploataciji, ulanjenje je bilo uvjetza pristup satelitskim kapacitetima i distribuiranju satelitskih usluga.Osim toga, status lana osigurao je pravo jedinog operatera na podruju

Bosne i Hercegovine za pruanje usluga, a zakupom vajcarske satelitskestanice bio je omoguen telefonski saobraaj i veza sa svijetom u ratnimuvjetima. okom rata uloeni su napori za ulanjenje i u INELSA

Relejna stanica Vlai/ Relay station Vlasic


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ration of the P traffi c, establishment of the connections with theworld, appointment of director, prices, tariffs, issuing of postal stamps,advertisement etc., which makes an impression that administrative andmanagement bodies were already thinking about future development inpeace. Te best examples for the successful conduct of legal procedureduring the war, were realized tasks regarding the membership of theBosnia and Herzegovina in the international associations. By the dis-integration of the former Yugoslavia, the Public Enterprise P BIHbecame the legal successor of all rights that are included in the inter-national agreements of the Universal Post Union (UPU) with its head-quarters in the Swiss capital Bern, and International elecommunicationUnion (IU) with its headquarters in Geneva. o exmembers of ZJP, separate codes were assigned, and the country code for the entireterritory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 387. Owing to the effortsof the war management, the date of entry in EUELSA (Europeanelecommunications Satellite Organization) is 22nd of March 1993.In accordance with existing provisions of that period as well as theConvention and Agreement on Exploitation, the condition for access

to satellite capacities and distribution of satellite services, was the mem-bership. Besides, the status of a member provided the right as a soleoperator for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina for providing ofservices, and by renting of the Swiss Satellite Station, the satellite tel-ephone traffi c and the connection with the rest of the world in diffi cultwar conditions were made possible.During the war, efforts were made toobtain the membership in INELSA(International elecommunications

Satellite Organization ) with its head-quarters in Washington, and in Marchof 1996, these efforts were successful,owing to the war management of theenterprise. Tis was important for theestablishing connection with the USA,and for providing services to manymilitary troops of SFOR in BIH, butalso for the USA Embassy in Sarajevo.

Te road to European and world as-sociations was not an easy one. Forexample, at the Second PanEuropean

Glavni potanski centarSarajevo/ Main Post CentarSarajevo


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(Meunarodnu telekomunikacionu satelitskuorganizaciju) sa sjeditem u Vaingtonu, da bi umartu 1996. godine oni bili i ostvareni zahva-ljujui ratnom rukovodstvu preduzea. Zakupkod ove meunarodne telekomunikacione sate-litske organizacije bio je bitan za vezu sa SAD,za pruanje usluga brojnim mirovnim trupamaSFOR-a u BiH, ali i za ameriku ambasadu uSarajevu. Put ka evropskim i svjetskim asocija-cijama nije bio nimalo lagan. ako naprimjer,na Drugoj panevropskoj konferenciji ministaraprometa i komunikacija, odranoj 1994. godi-ne na Kreti, Bosna i Hercegovina i Hrvatskabile su neopravdano zaobiene u povezivanju saEvropom po pitanju telekomunikacionih kori-dora. Meutim, to nije obeshrabrilo JP PBiH da nastavi na zacrtanom putu u svjetskodrutvo modernih komunikacija.

Najvei ratni gubici su uvijek u ljudstvu, ioni su nemjerljivi u odnosu na materijalnu tetu. Ali ono to ljudi imajukao nasunu potrebu jeste da u toj borbi za opstanak rade, stvaraju ipronalaze naine da preive, pa su tako i uposleni u P-u nastojalipomoi sebi i svojim sugraanima, bez obzira na rtve.

elekomunikacijska deblokada

Bosne i HercegovineProbijanje telekomunikacijske blokade poelo je jo tokom rata, svakakou mjeri koliko su to dozvoljavali uvjeti ratnih operacija, zatvorenostigradova i nemogunosti normalnog transporta ljudi i roba. Upravo zbogtakvih okolnosti ivota i rada rezultati su izgledali vei od onih posti-gnutih u normalnim uvjetima.

Pregledom najvanijih uspjeno realiziranih projekata ovog pre-duzea posredno se moe predoiti i stepen devastiranosti ove privredne

oblasti u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom rata. Uporedo se radilo na povezi-vanju prekinutih meugradskih veza i vanih meunarodnih komuni-kacija sa svijetom.


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Ministerial Conference on raffi c and Communications, held in Cretein 1994, BIH and Croatia were unfairly excluded from the integrationin European telecommunication corridors. However, this did not stopthe Public Enterprise P BIH to continue with its efforts and join theworld society of modern communications.

In the war, human casualties can not be compared to materialones. In spite of terrible conditions, people have a need to work, createand find ways for survival. Tus, the employees of the P strived tohelp themselves and to each other in spite of casualties.

Breaking the telecommunication

blockade of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Breaking through the telecommunication blockade started duringthe war, as much as war conditions, closed cities and impossibility oftransportation of people and goods allowed such activities. Due to such

conditions, the results were even greater than those accomplished innormal conditions.

By the review of the most important successfully realized projectsof this enterprise, it is possible to estimate the degree of devastationof this part of industry during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Parallel activities were conducted on the reestablishment of interruptedlongdistance connections and important international communica-tions with the rest of the world.

Te following longdistance connections were realized:

Te radiorelay link Sarajevo Zenica uzla (capacity: 24telephone channels) After the Post Offi ce on Obala Street was de-stroyed and RR facilities were redirected and also destroyed by the ag-gressor, the radiorelay link was established by means of which Sarajevoshould be connected with the free territories of our country (Zenica,ravnik, Visoko, uzla, etc.) with the minimal capacity of 24 chan-nels. Also with the equipment from a working unit ravnik, the firstinternational connection SarajevoSplit (across Mount Cvrsnica) wasconstructed and immediately redirected for establishing connections of

the central part of Bosnia and part of Herzegovina with Croatia. Tiswas the beginning of the system restoration process. Although Sarajevowas still in total blockade, it communicated with the rest of the world by


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Realizirane unutranje meugradske veze bile su sljedee:Radiorelejna veza: Sarajevo Zenica uzla (kapaciteta 24

telefonska kanala) Nakon diverzijom unitene Pote na Obali i pre-usmjeravanjem i unitenjem RR objekata od strane agresora, izgraenaje radiorelejna veza, kojom je Sarajevo trebalo biti povezano sa slobod-nim teritorijama nae zemlje (Zenica, ravnik, Visoko, uzla itd.) saminimalnim kapacitetom od 24 kanala. akoer, opremom iz radnezajednice ravnik izgraena je prva meunarodna veza Sarajevo Split(preko vrsnice), koja je odmah preusmjerena za povezivanje dijelaSrednje Bosne i dijela Hercegovine sa Hrvatskom. Mada je Sarajevoostalo i dalje u totalnoj telekomunikacijskoj blokadi, ovim je otpoeoproces obnove sistema. Blokirano Sarajevo komuniciralo je sa ostatkomsvijeta vezom preko uzle (2 meunarodna kanala), putem radioamate-ra i monokanalnih satelitskih telefona.

Radiorelejna veza Sarajevo Zenica uzla ( kapaciteta 1800telefonskih kanala, za prijenos RV programa i P veza ) Krajem1993. i poetkom 1994. godine, u najteim zimskim vremenskim uvje-tima, montirana je analogna radiorelejna veza za povezivanje Sarajeva

sa Zenicom, Visokim i Srednjom Bosnom, te uzlom sa irom regijom.Ova veza je imala instalirani kapacitet 1800 kanala i koristila se za prije-nos RV programa i P veza. Preko ovog sistema je Visoko povezanosa Sarajevom sa 60 telefonskih kanala, kasnije je, 1994. godine, izgra-en kablovski sistem Visoko Breza kapaciteta 24 kanala, koji je vrloesto sluio kao pouzdan alternativni sistem prijenosa. Godine 1995.je, pored ove veze koja je imala nekih tehnikih nedostataka, izgraenajo jedna paralelna analogna RR veza Sarajevo Zenica, kapaciteta 960kanala, u skladu sa tehnikim propisima.

Uspostavljanje digitalnog satelitskog sistema sa manjim kapa-citetima VSA (Povezivanje Sarajeva sa Goradom, Bihaem,Olovom i Sanskim Mostom 1995. godine) Kako bi se urgentno us-postavile veze Sarajeva sa podrujima sa kojima u to vrijeme nije bilamogua kopnena komunikacija, uspostavljena je satelitska mrea ma-njeg kapaciteta (VSA 16 kanala). Na ovaj nain su

monografija bh telecom 2005

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