module1
TRANSCRIPT
Module - 1
General Concept and Overview of Environment Management System (ISO 14001)
Purpose
• To understand the elements of the Environment and their Interactions.
• Understand the need for an Environment Management System (EMS)
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
ProductionPatterns
ConsumptionPatterns
Natural resources drawn from the environment
Impact of resource extraction,use and disposal
Trade
ENVIRONMENT
DrivesDrives
Economic Activity and Environment
Industry and environmental degradation
Resource extraction of raw materials through mining, logging, water abstraction, energy generation.
Resource demand during distribution, use and disposal of goods and services.
Resource utilization during manufacture leading to emissions, wastewater and solid waste generation.
Costs of environmental damage
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
The environment is seen as a sink for all our solid, liquid and gaseous wastes.
PopulationIncreasing consumption levelsIndustrial activitiesAgricultural activitiesTransport etc.
At today's resource consumption rates, this development is unbalanced and unsustainable
Pressure on Environment
GLOBAL
NATIONAL
Environmental Issues
Global Warming/Climate ChangeAcid RainGreenhouse EffectDepletion of Non Renewable Resources
(coal, oil, gas)Stratospheric ozone layer depletionDeforestationBio-diversity loss
Environmental Issues(Global)
Ozone Depletion Cycle
• The ozone depletion process begins when CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS) leak from equipment
• One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules before finally being removed from the stratosphere
Atmospheric Pollution
Water Pollution
Waste Management
Waste Disposal
Noise
Marine Pollution
Soil Erosion
Degradation of Fresh Water Resources
Environmental IssuesLocal/National
Result of Local Environmental changes
• Rise in temperatures• Disappearance of certain species of birds• Rise in allergies and other health problems.• Contamination of lakes, ponds etc.
Environmental Issues National/Regional Level
Water stress
Water Pollution & Contaminants
•Effluent discharges•Groundwater Pollution•Marine life contamination•Destruction of Coral Reefs•Major Contaminants
Suspended SolidsOil & GreaseDissolved SolidsHeavy Metals
–Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
–Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) Which include gases like
– Carbon Monoxide;– Carbon di-oxide– Oxides of Sulphur;– Oxides of Nitrogen;– Hydrogen Sulfide;– Ammonia;– Photochemical Oxidants;– Ozone Depleting Substances; and– Toxic gases.
Air Pollution and Contaminants
Solid Waste & Soil Pollution
• Municipal & Industrial Wastes Generation• Toxic & Hazardous wastes• Waste Management• Recycle & Reuse• Landfill & Leachate Management• Incineration
Leachate Migration
Environmental InteractionSource: Operations, Activities,
Equipments, processes that generates the pollutant; (Spillage in storage yard, stack emission, waste disposal, wastewater discharge)
Pathway: The environmental element through which the pollutant is propagated (air, water, soil)
Receptor: The element of the environment that is impacted. (humans, surface & ground water, land, flora & fauna, natural resources)
Environmental Interactions
AIR
WATERLANDFLORA& FAUNA
HUMANS
LegislativeCompliance
NATURALRESOURCES
Eco-efficiency
Facility & Operations
o Identified link between industrialization andenvironmental degradation, 19th century
o “Dilution is the solution to pollution”, 1960s
o “End of Pipe” treatment for emissions, 1980s-1990s -Reactive, “Command & Control”
Approaches to Environmental Issues
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
ACTION OFREGULATORYAUTHORITIES
INDUSTRY'SAPPROACH
REMARKS
LAWS ENACTMENTBUT POORENFORCEMENT
IGNORANCE REQUIRES STRICT ENFORCEMENT
STRICTENFORCEMENT
DILUTION NEED FOR DEVELOPING LOAD BASEDSTANDARDS & ENSURING STRICTENFORCEMENT
LOAD BASEDSTANDARDS ANDSTRICTENFORCEMENT
TREATMENT NOT SUSTAINABLE(DEAD INVESTMENT& COST PROHIBITIVE)
NEED FOR ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
A balanced viewpoint
We need to find a viable and equitable balance between environment and development.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
“DEVELOPMENT WHICH MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS”
Bruntland Report on “Our Common Future” 1987
Current Approach
• Achieving a balance between
–environmental quality–social equity–economic prosperity
Sustainable Development
“TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE”
Use of Cleaner TechnologiesElimination/Minimization of emissions at sourceWaste Prevention & Minimization Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)Voluntary, Co-op, Pro-active ApproachEnvironmental Management / EMSBATNEEC
Sustainable Development Approach
BEST - at preventing pollution
AVAILABLE - procurable by operator
TECHNOLOGY - equipment, training, operations, maintenance etc.….
NEEC - balance between environmental benefit & financial cost
Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost
BATNEEC
History of Environment Management System – ISO 14001
• 1987 : WCED – Sustainable Development in “Our Common Future”
• 1991: BCSD approached ISO and IEC to discuss development of Environmental Standards
• 1992: UNCED – Agenda 21 and Rio Declaration on Sustainable Development
• 1996: ISO 14001:1996; ISO 14004: 1996• 2004: ISO 14001: 2004; ISO 14004: 2004
ISO 14001 Standard
• It is a voluntary
• It is an international
• It is a non prescriptive
• It is currently the only certifiable standard in the 14000 series of standards
OVERVIEW OF ISO 14000 STANDARDS
A SERIES OF 16 STANDARDS DEVELOPED BY TC 207
BASICALLY TWO TYPES :
SPECIFICATION AND GUIDELINE STANDARDS
CONSISTS OF TWO CATEGORIESORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS
PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS
EMS- ISO 14000 SERIES
ISO 14001: EMS SPECIFICATION STANDARD
ISO 14004: EMS GUIDANCE STANDARD
ISO 14010s: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
ISO 14020s: ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING
ISO 14030s: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
ISO 14040s: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
ISO 14050: PRODUCT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD
ISO 14060: TERMS & DEFINITIONS
OVERVIEW OF ISO 14000 STANDARDS
ORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS
EMS - ISO 14001 & 14004 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - ISO 14010 SERIES (3) ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ISO 14030
PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS LCA - ISO 14040 SERIES (5) ENVIROMENTAL LABELLING - ISO 14020 SERIES (3) ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND PRODUCT STANDARDS -
ISO 14050 DEFINITIONS - ISO 14060
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISO 14001 &ISO 9001
•ISO 9001 COUSTOMER WHILE ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENT ORIENTED
•ISO 14001 MORE DEMANDING
* SPECIFIC POLICY REQUIREMENTS* IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASTECTS* ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVE & TARGETS* COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS
•ISO 14001 SUPPORTS RESOURCE CONSERVATION – SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT
•PROMOTES GREEN PRODUCTIVITY & CLEANER PRODUCTION
•PROVIDES TOOL FOR GREENING SUPPLY CHAIN
Benefits of EMS / ISO 14001
Proof of sound environmental performance Improve public / community relationships Enhanced image and increased market share Increased stakeholder and customer confidence Improved industry practices and lower operating costs Cost savings in energy / raw materials / waste
management Effective reduction of corporate environmental liability
exposure Encourage innovative technology
Status of ISO 14001 Implementation as on 2009
S. No. Country/Region No. of CertifiedCompanies
% share
1 North America 7,316 3.382 Europe 89,237 403 Central & South America 3,923 1.84 Africa/West Asia 8,813 3.95 Australia/New Zealand 1,623 0.76 Far East 1,12,237 50.3
World Total 2,23,149 100
Source: International Standards Organization (ISO)The number of ISO 14001 certified EMS now exceeds 2,67,000 according to the latest figures from ISO
Summary
• Environment & Development• Impacts of Development• Environmental Interaction• Environmental Approaches• Development of ISO 14000• Need for EMS: ISO 14001• Benefits of EMS