1. 1. Introduction to Dyslexia
2. 2. What is Dyslexia? 1. DYS difficulty with 2. LEXIA language Dyslexia (Specific Learning Disability) is a brain based disorder in a person of AVERAGE to ABOVE AVERAGE INTELLIGENCE which makes it difficult to read, write, or spell at a level commensurate with ones ability, despite: Normal vision and hearing Adequate socio-cultural opportunity Conventional instruction Absence of emotional problems
3. 3. Reading & Spelling Errors Omissions Ex: swing sing Mispronunciations Ex: animal aminal Transpositions Ex: form from Closure Ex: lot - hot Inversions Ex: b p Reversals Ex: b d Common Errors Made By Those With Dyslexia:
4. 4. Dys lexia : Difficulty With Language Reading Writing & Spelling Speaking & Listening
5. 5. What To Look For: Difficulty with Learning Instructions Staying on Task Directions Sequence & Order Dyslexia Frustration Difficulty Retaining Information Anxiety
6. 6. Difficulties Associated with Dyslexia 1. Sequencing 2. Long-Term Memory 3. Recall 4. Integration 5. Abstract Thinking 6. Transferring 7. Recognizing
7. 7. What To Do: Eliminate physical explanation A psychological evaluation should be performed A program of remedial instruction should be implemented Remedial Instruction Visual, auditory, & kinesthetic Repetition Phonetically Based Structured Direct & multisensory
8. 8. Exclude From Diagnosis of Dyslexia Intellectual Disability Physical Disability Socio- Cultural Deprivation Primary Emotional Disturbance
9. 9. Educational Terms Morpheme Affix Prefix Suffix Accent Vowel Consonant Consonant Blend Digraph Dipthong Syllable Orthography Semantics Linguistics Blending Automaticity Syntax SLD IEP Phonetics Phonological Awareness Phonology Alphabetic Principle Phonemic Segmentation Phonogram Phoneme Schwa Phonics Miscellaneous Terminology MorphologyGraphemes
10. 10. Terms Aphasia Associated with Dyslexia Dyscalculia Dysgraphia Dysortho- graphy Dyspraxia Acquired Dyslexia Attention Deficit Terms Sometimes Associated with Dyslexia:
11. 11. Other Problems Sometimes Associated With Dyslexia Speech Spatial Orientation
12. 12. Conclusion