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MINISTRY OF FORESTRY AND WATER AFFAIRS Directorate General for Water Management,

Monitoring and Water Information System Department Biological Monitoring Section,

Ankara, Turkey

Müge ERKAN AYDAR

River Basin Characterisation

River Basin District

Significant Water Management

Issues Report

Programme of Measures

River Basin Management Plan

Environmental Objectives

Monitoring

Waterbodies

Typology

Risk analysis (of not

achieving Good Ecological

Status)

Pressures & Impacts

Available data

Monitoring programme

Waterbodies

Budget

Start work on

classification

schemes and

establishing limits and

Environmental Quality

Standards that relate

to biological status

Risk analysis

Pressures

Objectives

Estimation of current status

Objectives

Current status from

monitoring

SWMI

Programme of

measures

Exemptions

Protected areas

Main steps of WFD

Classification scheme Procedures for sampling & analysis

Good Ecological Status Good Chemical Status Good Ecological Potential Other objectives from other directives

◦ 6 Pilot River Basins (Büyük Menderes, Sakarya, Susurluk, Meriç Ergene, Akarçay and Konya)

◦ Delination of water bodies, analysis of risk

◦ Determination of typologies, pressure / impacts, reference conditions, monitoring points

◦ Trainings on biological monitoring, sampling and analysis of biological quality elements, biological indices and ecological quality ratios, chemical monitoring, hydromorphological monitoring,

◦ Preparation of monitoring programs for 6 pilot river basins

TWINNING PROJECT (2011-2015)

SENSITIVE AREAS PROJECT (2011-2016)

Delination of water bodies and typology for 25 river basins

Monitoring programmes for other basins are prepared

PROJECT FOR RIVER BASIN MONITORING AND DETERMINATION OF REFERENCE POINTS (2012-2014)

6

Ergene Havzası Akarçay Havzası Gediz Havzası Susurluk Havzası Sakarya Havzası 2012-2013

Kızılırmak Havzası Küçük Menderes H. Antalya Havzası Marmara Havzası Konya Kapalı H.

2013-2014

Chemical

Physico-chemical

Hydromorphological

Biological monitoring

4 times/year

2 times/year

River Basin Monitoring for 11 river basins (2012-2014)

5

RB 5

RB 1

RB

2012-2013 2013-2014

TA Project 2013-2014

Other river basins will be monitored by DSI.

ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES FOR SURFACE WATERS IN BÜYÜK MENDERES RIVER BASIN (2013-2017)

Ecological and Chemical Assessment in Büyük Menderes River Basin Environmental Objectives for surface water bodies

Establishment of Country Specific Water Quality Assessment System (2014-2016)

8 River Basins with different characteristics Biological and hydromorphological monitoring 1 year (4 times)

Inventory of 25 River Basins

Country Specific Ecological Assessment System H

G

M

P

B

H

G

M

P

B

H

GMPB

H

GMPB

H

GMPB

H

GMPB

Biological quality elements

H

GM

H

GM

H

GM

H

GM

General chemical &

physicochemical quality elements

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

Specific pollutants

H

G

H

G

H

G

H

G

Hydromorphological

quality elements

Priority substances &

other EU-level

dangerous substances

F

G

F

G

F

G

F

G

F

G

F

G F

G

Ecological Status

Chemical Status

Surface Water

Status

Lowest classed

substance

Lowest classed

element

Lowest classed

element

Lowest classed

element

F

G GH

M

Lowest of

chemical &

ecological status

10

Establishment of Reference Monitoring Network In Turkey

(National– 2016)

Establishment of Ecological Assessment System Based on

Eco-regions of Turkey (Proposed for IPA 2)

One of the 25 River Basin Districts of

Turkey

Area ~26.000Km2 (8th larger in Turkey)

Length ~ 300 Km (SW-NE)

Width ~120Km

It includes parts of 10 Provinces

~2,4 million people inhabit the basin

Denizli is the biggest city

(pop. ~577.000).

Land uses:

44% Agricultural use

33% Semi natural Areas

20 % Forests

Main threats: Industrial, agricultural

and domestic sources of pollution

4 Coastal water bodies

• 1 Highly Modified in Didim area

• ~100 Km coastline

56 River water bodies:

• 35 Highly Modified

• Mean WB length ~56 Km

• 17 Types

14 Lake water bodies:

• All but lake Bafa are reservoirs,

• All Highly Modified

• Average WB area: 41Km2

ISIKLI

BAFA

KEMER

TOPCAM

ADIGUZEL

GOKPINAR

YAYLAKAVAK

CINDERE-ADIGUZEL 2

TAVAS-YENIDERE

CINE ADNAN

MENDERES

IKIZDERE

KARACASU

BARAJI

KARAKUYU

ORENLER

2 Transitional water bodies:

• Lagoon and River mouth

• Lagoon area 34,6 Km2

• River mouth: last 2Km

LAGUN

NEHIR-AGZI

BM KIYISUYU 1

BM KIYISUYU 2

BM KIYISUYU 3

BM KIYISUYU 4

Biological

(Aquatic biocommunities as indicators

of water quality)

Physicochemical

(General Physicochemical,

Oxygen depletion substances,

acidification substances, Nutrients)

Hydromorphological

(Hydrology and morphology)

Specific Non Priority Substances

(Polluters that may be present

in significant quantities in the basin)

Priority substances

(45 substances (Dir. 2013/39/EU)

dangerous for the aquatic environment)

Used for the assessment of Ecological Status

Used for the assessment of Chemical Status

Biological monitoring

Hydro morphological monitoring

Chemical monitoring

Chemical monitoring

Chemical monitoring

TYPES OF MONITORING

Hydromorphological Physicochemical & other pollutants

Classification of surface waters according to their:

ecological status

High

Good

Moderate

Poor

Bad

WB Status assessment: Ecological, Chemical

Biological elements Phytoplankton – Phytobenthos– Macrophytes -Macroinvertebrates – Fish

chemical status

Pass

Fail

Basic

QE

Supplementary

QEs H

G

M

P

B

H

G

M

P

B

H

GM

P

B

H

GM

P

B

H

GM

P

B

H

GM

P

B

Biological quality elements

H

GM

H

GM

H

GM

H

GM

General chemical &

physicochemical quality elements

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

GH

M

Specific pollutants

H

G

H

G

H

G

H

G

Hydromorphological

quality elements

Priority substances &

other EU-level

dangerous substances

F

G

F

G

F

G

F

G

F

G

F

G F

G

Ecological Status

Chemical Status

Surface Water

Status

Lowest classed

substance

Lowest classed

element

Lowest classed

element

Lowest classed

element

F

G GH

M

Lowest of

chemical &

ecological status

Natural Water bodies Heavily Modified Water bodies

Macroinvertebrates in all water bodies (WB)

Phytobenthos (Diatoms) in River and Lake WBs

Macrophytes in River and Lake WBs

Phytoplankton in all water bodies

Macroalgae in Transitional and Coastal

Angiosperms in Transitional and Coastal

Fish in River, Lake and Transitional water bodies

WFD Biological Quality Elements (BQEs):

Biological Monitoring : Biological status provides the basis for the ecological classification

therefore biological monitoring is one of the most important parts of a WFD compatible

monitoring programme

A Category BQEs

(with reliable assessment

methods)

B Category BQEs

(having less developed

assessment methods)

C Category BQEs

(having no or only experimental

assessment methods)

Quality of the result

over quantity of

results

Optimise the

monitoring resources allocation

Reliable assessment

methods not available

for all BQEs in every

water category

Biological data not

existing or scarce

Facts:

Biological Quality elements

Rivers Lakes Transitional waters

Coastal waters

Phytoplankton C A B B

Phytobenthos A C

Macrophytes B B

Macroalgae A A

Angiosperms A A

Macroinvertebrates

A B A A

Fish B C B

WB Category

Subnetworks

Total A B C

River 39 16 2 57

Lake 7 6 2 15 Transitional

0 2 0 2

Coastal 0 4 0 4

Total 46 28 4 78

21/

42

Monitoring Network Number of Stations

River Lake Transitional Coastal

Biological, hydromorphological

57 15 2 4

Chemical, physicochemical 28 14 2 4

Hydrology (DSI) 37 - - -

MONITORING STATIONS

Chemical, physicochemical DSI Biological, hydromorphological

Since previous biological data is not available for Turkey,

reference conditions and type spesific reference values could not be

obtained

Therefore, most reliable methods that are used by countries

which has similar geographical conditions and common ecological

characteristics with Büyük Menderes River Basin are investigated.

Methods used or developed in East Mediterrenean Countries are

preferred.

22/

11

3

Sampling:

All water bodies were surveyed

2 field campaigns for each of the 19 BQEs

More than 20 experts and technicians organised in 6 sampling teams

More than 300 Man*days of field work

More than 380 samples collected (incl. replicate samples and observations)

Analysis performed by Greek and Turkish experts

Ankara University

Hacettepe University

Middle East Technical University

Nevşehir University

More than 850 taxa identified

More than 7 months required

Quality checks for a portion of the microscopic samples

Analysis:

Quality Element Assessment Method/Index

River macroinvertebrates Intercallibration Common Metric (ICMi) River Diatoms Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index - IPS (calculated with OMNIDIA Software) River phytoplankton Laboratory analysis for Chlorophyll – a concentration River Macrophytes IBMR index River Fish EFI+ Index application is examined.

Lake Diatoms Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index - IPS, calculated with OMNIDIA Software,

Lake phytoplankton New Mediterranean System for Reservoirs Phytoplankton (Metrics: biovolume, cyanobacterial biovolume, Chl-a and multi-metric indices (Catalan Index - IGA)

Lake macroinvertebrates Relative abundance of species (different Indices tested given the data at hand)

Lake macrophytes UKTAG lakes LEAFPACS assessment method Lake Fish Descriptive assessment Transitional phytoplankton Laboratory analysis for Chlorophyll – a concentration Transitional macroinvertebrates

m- Ambi (Muxika et al., 2007; Borja et al.,2008)

Transitional macroalgae EEI- Ecological Evaluation Index (Orfanidis,2007) Transitional angiosperms CymoSkew Index(Orfanidis et al,2010)

Transitional Fish Descriptive assessment

Coastal phytoplankton Laboratory analysis for Chlorophyll – a concentration Coastal macroinvertebrates Bentix Index (Simboura & Zenetos, 2002) Coastal macroalgae EEI- Ecological Evaluation Index (Orfanidis,2007) Coastal angiosperms CymoSkew Index(Orfanidis et al,2010)

Rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal WBs

Selection of QEs per water category

Index selection and RC

One-out-all-out

Phytoplankton

Rivers Diatoms Macroinvertebrates River biological status

Angiosperms Macroalgae Macroinvertebrates Overall biological classification status

Natural WBs: High or Below High status One-out-all-out Criteria:

Natural or Heavily Modified Water Body (MoFWA) Annual hydrological profile (expert judgment) River Habitat Survey (RHS via HMS index) Riparian Forest Quality (QBR score)

Rivers Natural & HMWB Hydrology (DSI) RHS Final (+QBR)

Rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal WBs

Boundaries H/G, G/M from Turkish legislation, literature and expert

judgment

One-out all-out

Ecological Classification: Non Priority Specific Pollutants Average Annual Concentration (AAC)-EQS and Maximum

Annual Concentration (MAC)-EQS

Boundaries G/M from Turkish legislation, literature and

expert judgment

One-out-all-out

WB

Physicochemical Elements Classification

Specific Pollutants Classification AA-EQS

Specific Pollutants Classification MAC-EQS

Overall physicochemical status WB




Overall physicochemical status

BMN01 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate BMN28 Good Fail Fail Moderate

BMN02 Good Fail Fail Moderate BMN29 Fail Moderate

BMN03 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate BMN30 Good Pass Fail Moderate



BMN12 Moderate Pass Fail Moderate BMN34 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate

BMN15 Good Fail Fail Moderate BMN36 Good Fail Fail Moderate

BMN18 Good Fail Fail Moderate BMN38 Good Pass Pass Good


BMN22 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate BMN48 Moderate Pass Fail Moderate

BMN23 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate BMN49 Fail Moderate

BMN27 Good Pass Fail Moderate BMN52 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate

BMN28 Good Fail Fail Moderate BMN55 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate

Ecological Classification: River Physicochemical QEs

WB





BMG01 Moderate Pass Fail Moderate

BMG02 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate


BMG05 Good Pass Fail Moderate











WB Category WB





Transitional waters BMGS01 High Fail Fail Moderate

Transitional waters BMGS02 High Fail Fail Moderate

Coastal waters BMKS01 Moderate Fail Fail Moderate




9

29

43

13

1

11

4

4 9

29

43

13

1

11

4

Rivers Lakes Transitional Coastal 4

Chemical monitoring was carried out in 47 existing WBs and resulted in 46 classifications (1 dry river)

5

-

-

-

21

14

4

2

RIVER LAKE COAST. TRANS.

Pass

Fail

Most common priority substances for these failures were mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and certain PAHs (fluoranthene, benzopyrene, benzoperylene)

Ecological monitoring was carried out in all 76 WBs and resulted in 56 classifications

Only 9 rivers were classified at a good status. In contrast, 4 rivers and 1 lake were at a bad status. The rest WBs were found either at a moderate or at a poor status

Most common cause for failure to achieve good and above ecological status classification were the non-priority specific substances: antimony (Sb) and copper (Cu) for freshwater samples; and Manganese (Mn), Aluminum (Al), Fluoride (F), Calcium (Ca) for saline water samples.

• All classification results are based on a single year monitoring (autumn 2013-summer 2014) • Classification of the WBs faced many challenges due to:

The delineation (very long river WBs, e.g. 302 km), Too many types (7 lake types for 14 WBs, 2 transitional types for 2 WBs), Lack of reference sites Types with too few WBs per type and therefore RV calculation difficulties Dry rivers Biological data from the basin prior to the project were not available Lack of background concentrations for naturally occurring non priority specific substances

An annual monitoring in the Büyük Menderes River Basin

Ecological and chemical monitoring and classification according to

WFD

All water categories (rivers, lakes, coastal and transitional water )

and all water classes (natural and HMWB) are considered

Classification was based on low-flow period samples, the period

most exerted pressures in a Mediterranean river are profound

Some limitations during the classification

All BQEs were monitored but classification was based on a

through selection of BQEs, in order to prevent misclassification

due to their inappropriateness for Büyük Menderes River Basin

45/

11

3

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR CAPACITY BUILDING ON WATER QUALITY MONITORING

8th Shallow Lakes Conference

Antalya, TURKEY 12-17 Oct, 2014

TEŞEKKÜRLER…

Müge Erkan Aydar

[email protected]

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