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MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH REPORT 2004/05

PETER WHELAN, NINA KURUCZ, ALLAN WARCHOT, JANE CARTER, WILLIAM PETTIT, MATTHEW SHORTUS,

HUY NGUYEN, STACEY BARKWORTH, MICHAEL BROWNE, RAELENE WHITTERS & TAMARA PEARCE

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL

NORTHERN TERRITORY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND COMMUNITY

SERVICES DARWIN NT

JANUARY 2006

1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

1.1 GOAL OF THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH To reduce the impact of insects and other arthropods of medical importance on the health of the people of the Northern Territory.

1.2 VISION OF THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH

Every major urban area in the Northern Territory located in an environment that is physically engineered or controlled so that residents are not subjected to pest levels of biting insects and free from the risks of both exotic or endemic mosquito borne disease.

1.3 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH SERVICES

Services provided by the Medical Entomology Branch (MEB) aim to reduce the impact of biting insects on the people of the Northern Territory. These include the prevention of the re-introduction of malaria, the prevention of the introduction of exotic mosquito vectors of dengue, insecticide and engineering programs for mosquito control, mosquito surveillance programs in the major towns, guidelines and advice on biting insects for both large and small scale developments, a public inquiry service, a public awareness program, and incidental research on biting insects and mosquito borne viruses.

Major clients are the general public, but significant clients include local government, the Department of Infrastructure Planning & Environment (DIPE), Parks & Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory (PWCNT), Department of Defence, consultants and developers for development and planning advice, and environmental health officers.

The main community link is through public mosquito awareness programs, and the Mosquito Control Advisory Committee, which provides public feedback and a means of informing the public and various other organisations about the services of the MEB.

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Intersectoral affiliations include: a major involvement with the Darwin City Council in a combined mosquito engineering program in Darwin, where approximately $240,000 is spent annually maintaining drains and rectifying mosquito breeding sites; the PWCNT in rectifying mosquito breeding sites and carrying out mosquito control in the Casuarina Coastal Reserve and the Botanic Gardens, and local government and Environmental Health Officers in the various towns throughout the NT on mosquito surveillance and mosquito control.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH

1. Prevent the re-establishment of malaria by entomologically investigating and appropriately responding to each case of imported malaria in the NT. Eliminate sources of malaria vectors near urban Darwin by engineering means. Carry out incidental research on Anopheles farauti s.1. to assist in control methods.

2. Prevent the introduction of exotic dengue vector mosquitoes from overseas and Queensland by providing appropriate advice and assistance to Quarantine authorities, active surveillance using special egg traps, regular surveys for larvae at vulnerable geographic points of introduction, reduction of potential breeding places by landowner liaison and media advertising, and eradication procedures after detection of importation.

3. Carry out surveillance and control of mosquitoes in all major towns and mine developments by organising and assisting with regular mosquito trapping and providing advice and assistance with control operations, under the NT Mosquito Borne Disease Control program and a User Pays Scheme.

4. Carry out mosquito surveys throughout the NT, including remote communities, to determine the distribution and relative abundance of mosquitoes in order to enable the assessment of the risk of mosquito borne disease.

5. Carry out extensive and intensive mosquito larval control operations in Darwin using a helicopter applied insecticide program in the coastal swamps.

6. Organise and assist the Darwin City Council and the PWCNT with engineering programs in and adjacent to urban areas, under the combined Mosquito Engineering Control Program.


7. Carry out surveillance of flaviviruses causing human disease by: maintaining a sentinel chicken surveillance program with the assistance of the Department of Business Industry & Resource Development (DBIRD), the WA University and volunteers, the investigation of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease, and the collection and processing of mosquitoes for arbovirus isolation.

8. Provide planning and development advice and guidelines to the Department of Infrastructure Planning and the Environment and others to prevent new biting insect problems for various minor and major development projects.

9. Promote public awareness on biting insects and arthropod borne disease by regular public communication, a public reference service, the promotion of the Mosquito Control Advisory Committee, preparation of public information sheets, an intranet site for advice and high quality information pamphlets.

10. Assist students and other bodies in basic research on biting insects and other arthropods of medical importance.

11. Build and maintain a reference collection of mosquitoes, biting midges and other arthropods of medical importance in the NT.

12. Provide opportunities for Branch staff development by in-service and external training, so that they are better able to deliver services.


1.5 PERFORMANCE FOR 2004 – 2005

• There has been an increase in the number of exotic mosquito importations this year, with 22 detections compared to six last year. Of these incidences, 21 were Aedes aegypti and one was Aedes alboptictus. There were 13 importations detected in Gove, eight in Darwin and one in the Tiwi Islands. The number of foreign fishing vessels being detained in Gove Harbour has increased this year, and hence the rise in importations at that location.

• Average mosquito numbers trapped per week in the eleven continuous CO2 traps in Darwin decreased greatly from 305 last year to 177 this year. This decrease was primarily due to increased aerial mosquito control efforts in Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamps, which also included targeting the early wet season common banded mosquito breeding, that contributed to high mosquito numbers last year, and the low average annual rainfall, which led to a decreased area of favorable habitat for mosquito breeding.

• There were 1249 hectares aerially sprayed for mosquito control in the Darwin area, at an average cost of $124 per hectare. This increase in control effort compared with last year (1099ha) helped achieve a large reduction in the numbers of salt marsh mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus vigilax) in Darwin this year (average per trap 23.28) compared to last year (average 63.13). Numbers were dramatically lower in October to January compared to the last two years. A smaller contribution to lower salt marsh mosquito numbers in Darwin this year was below average wet season rainfall, and smaller high tides in the late dry season.

• Ross River virus disease cases decreased in the NT this year from 203 last year to 173 this year. This decrease is largely due to the decrease in cases in the Darwin region from 170 to 136 cases, which is due to reduced numbers of salt marsh mosquitoes by the MEB, DCC and PWCNT control program.

• The nine sentinel chicken flocks were bled a total of 86 times for virus antibody testing. The Howard Springs, Coastal Plains, Nhulunbuy, Katherine, Tennant Creek and Jabiru flocks all showed evidence of Murray Valley encephalitis virus between January and June. There was one case of Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease in the NT this year in a small Top End community in the Alligator River area. Numerous press releases and ongoing sentinel chicken surveillance assisted in preventing further cases.

• There were 56 cases of imported malaria in the NT, with eight requiring entomological investigation. Two cases, one in Malak and one in Nhulunbuy, were deemed to pose a risk of local Anopheles mosquitoes becoming infected, and precautionary fogging operations were carried out at nearby mosquito breeding and harbourage sites.

• The MEB completed an extensive biting insect investigation for the onshore component of the Blacktip Gas Development proposal, located near Port Keats. The



biting insect investigation involved two investigations, with a main and supplementary report outlining the findings. The MEB also completed an extensive desktop study for the Trans Territory Underground Pipeline Project for the proposed gas transport for Blacktip gas from Port Keats to Gove.

• The MEB contributed three papers to the CDC Bulletin, two papers to CDI, one to the Mosquito Control Association of Australia and two papers to other journals. Four conference papers were presented at a national conference and published in Arbovirus Research in Australia. The MEB unit also produced eight Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Reports, the MEB Annual Branch Report and three additional branch reports.

• The major success for the year has been the probable eradication of the dengue mosquito in Tennant Creek. Since late December 2004, no Aedes aegypti larvae or adults have been detected in Tennant Creek. The major challenge for the unit this coming wet season will be to validate that Ae. aegypti has been eradicated in Tennant Creek.

2. INTRODUCTION TO 2004 – 2005 BRANCH REPORT

The Medical Entomology Annual Branch Report 2004/05 is intended to present an overall picture of mosquito surveillance and control activities carried out in the Northern Territory in 2004/05.

In addition, Annual Regional Reports are produced for Darwin, Alyangula, Nhulunbuy, Jabiru, Katherine, Tennant Creek and Alice Springs to provide local officers with the detailed information from local programs in a condensed format. The MEB Annual Branch Report 2004/05 refers to the Regional Reports graphs and tables not presented in this report. Annual Regional Reports are available on request.


CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW .......................................................................................1

1.1 GOAL OF THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH.....................................1 1.2 VISION OF THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH ..................................1 1.3 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH SERVICES............................................1 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH ........................2 1.5 PERFORMANCE FOR 2004 – 2005 .....................................................................4

2. INTRODUCTION TO 2004 – 2005 BRANCH REPORT.......................................6

3. EXOTIC VECTOR SURVEILLANCE..................................................................16

3.1 DARWIN.................................................................................................................16 3.1.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program......................................................................16 3.1.2 Quarantine Adult Mosquito Trapping Programme ................................................18 3.1.3 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions .................................................................................18 3.1.4 Receptacle Breeding Surveys...................................................................................19

3.2 NHULUNBUY..........................................................................................................20 3.2.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program......................................................................20

3.3 GROOTE EYLANDT.................................................................................................21 3.3.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program......................................................................21

3.4 ALICE SPRINGS ......................................................................................................22 3.4.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program......................................................................22

3.5 KATHERINE............................................................................................................22 3.5.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program......................................................................22

3.6 JABIRU ...................................................................................................................23 3.6.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program......................................................................23

4. EXOTIC VECTOR ERADICATION PROGRAM...............................................23

4.1 DETECTION OF AEDES AEGYPTI .............................................................................24 4.2 ACTIVITIES OF AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION PROJECT..........................................24

4.2.1 Dry season: surveillance, monitoring and treatment activities (May – November 2004)........................................................................................................................24 4.2.2 Surveillance, monitoring and treatment activities (November 2004 – June 2005) .25 4.2.3 Results of surveillance and control operations........................................................28

4.3 CONCLUSIONS (INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS, PROJECT CONTINUATION, FUNDING)29

5. VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY ..................................................................................................................30

5.1 DARWIN ..............................................................................................................30 5.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program......................................................................30 5.1.2 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................32 5.1.3 Routine Larval Mosquito Control Program or NTDCP Darwin.............................33 5.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program Helicopter Control Program............................34


5.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program.................................................................34 5.2 JABIRU ...................................................................................................................35

5.2.1 Mosquito species recorded in Jabiru.......................................................................35 5.2.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program......................................................................35 5.2.3 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................36

5.3 NHULUNBUY..........................................................................................................38 5.3.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy................................................................38 5.3.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program..................................................38 5.3.3 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................41 5.3.4 Larval Mosquito Control Program..........................................................................42

5.4 KATHERINE............................................................................................................43 5.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine .................................................................43 5.4.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program......................................................................43 5.4.3 Routine Mosquito Larval Survey and Control Program .........................................44 5.4.4 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................45

5.5 TENNANT CREEK ...................................................................................................45 5.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek..........................................................45 5.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program......................................................................45 5.5.3 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................46

5.6 ALICE SPRINGS ......................................................................................................46 5.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs............................................................46 5.6.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program......................................................................46 5.6.3 Routine Larval Mosquito Control Program ............................................................47 5.6.4 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................48

5.7 GROOTE EYLANDT.................................................................................................48 5.7.1 Mosquito species recorded in Groote Eylandt ........................................................48 5.7.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program......................................................................49 5.7.3 Rainfall & Disease case data...................................................................................50

6. MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NT ...............................51

6.1 ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE ...................................................................................51 6.2 BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE ...........................................................................51 6.3 MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS DISEASE...................................................52 6.4 KUNJIN VIRUS DISEASE ..........................................................................................52

7. ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH ...........................................52

7.1 SENTINEL CHICKEN PROGRAM.....................................................................................52 7.2 VIRUS ISOLATION PROGRAM..................................................................................53

8. MALARIA SURVEILLANCE ................................................................................54

8.1 CASE DATA ............................................................................................................54

9. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS55

9.1 DEVELOPMENT COMMENTS....................................................................................55 9.2 DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS............................................................................56

9.2.1 Blacktip Project .......................................................................................................56 9.2.2 Trans Territory Pipeline Project .............................................................................56 9.2.3 Blackmore River Prawn Farm.................................................................................56


10. MOSQUITO SURVEYS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY ..........................57

11. MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING.....................................................57

11.1 MOSQUITO AWARENESS CAMPAIGN .......................................................................57 11.2 MEB TRAINING......................................................................................................58

12. PUBLIC ENQUIRIES ..............................................................................................58

13. COMMITTEES.........................................................................................................58

13.1 NATIONAL ARBOVIRUS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ....................................................58 13.2 NORTH AUSTRALIAN HEALTH MINISTERS VECTOR WORKING GROUP ..................59

14. RESEARCH ..............................................................................................................59

15. PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS............................................................................59

16. REFERENCE COLLECTIONS..............................................................................59

17. DATA MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................................60

17.1 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM...........................................60 17.2 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY INFORMATION AND RECORDS FILING SYSTEM................60 17.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS...................................................................60

18. STAFF MATTERS ...................................................................................................60

19. REFERENCES...............................................................................................................63

20. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................. 63


FIGURES 1 – 17

FIG. 1A. DARWIN ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM. LOCATION OF WEEKLY ADULT MOSQUITO CO2 BAITED TRAP SITES.

FIG. 1B. DARWIN URBAN OVITRP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM. LOCATION OF OVITRAP SITES.

FIG. 1C. DARWIN RURAL OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM. LOCATION OF OVITRAP SITES.

FIG. 2A. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP PROGRAM – DARWIN AND RURAL 2004/05. TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE IN ALL THIRTY NINE TRAP SITES; RAINFALL AT DARWIN AIRPORT.

FIG. 2B. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – DARWIN RURAL AND PALMERSTON 2004/05. TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE IN ALL TWELVE TRAP SITES; RAINFALL AT DARWIN AIRPORT.

FIG. 3. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. AVERAGE NUMBER OF ADULT FEMALE OCHLEROTATUS VIGILAX, CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS GRP. AND ALL SPECIES TRAPPED PER TRAP NIGHT PER YEAR FOR THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES AND ANNUAL RAINFALL IN DARWIN – 1983/84 TO 2004/05.

FIG. 4. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. AVERAGE NUMBER OF ADULT FEMALE MOSQUITOES TRAPPED PER TRAP NIGHT AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS DARWIN MONITORING SITES - 1993/94 TO 2004/05.

FIG. 5. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. COMPARISONS OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF OCHLEROTATUS VIGILAX CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES - 2000/01 TO 2004/05.

FIG. 6. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. COMPARISONS OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF ALL FEMALE MOSQUITOES PER TRAP NIGHT CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES, 2000/01 TO 2004/05.

FIG. 7. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE OCHLEROTATUS VIGILAX PER MONTH CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS DARWIN MONITORING SITES 2000/01 TO 2004/05.


FIG. 8A. MONTHLY RAINFALL AND MONTHLY ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES FOR TOWNS OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY FROM JULY 1992 – JUNE 2005. RRV DISEASE CASES FROM CDC, DARWIN. RAINFALL DATA FROM BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY.

FIG. 8B. MONTHLY RAINFALL AND MONTHLY AVERAGE NUMBER OF CX. ANNULIROSTRIS GRP. (AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT, CO2 BAITED TRAPS) FOR TOWNS OF THE NORTEHRN TERRITORY FROM JULY 1992 – JUNE 2005. RAINFALL DATA FROM BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY.

FIG. 8C. DARWIN. TOTAL MONTHLY RAINFALL IN RELATION TO CX. ANNULIROSTRIS GRP. & OC. VIGILAX JULY 1990 TO JUNE 2005.

FIG. 8D. DARWIN. MONTHLY RRV DISEASE CASES IN RELATION TO CX. ANNULIROSTRIS & OC. VIGILAX JULY 1990 TO JUNE 2005.

FIG. 9. AERIAL APPLIED MOSQUITO LARVAL CONTROL PROGRAM MAJOR MOSQUITO BREEDING AREAS – DARWIN.

FIG. 10. ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE NT: 1999/00 TO 2004/05. LABORATORY NOTIFIED CASES FROM CDC (BY YEAR OF REPORT).

FIG. 11. ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT. LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF REPORT) 1996/97 TO 2004/05.

FIG. 12. BARMAH FOREST, ROSS RIVER AND MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005. LABORATORY NOTIFIED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF REPORT)

FIG. 13. TOTAL NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS THROUGHOUT THE NT 2002/03 TO 2004/05.

FIG. 14. TOTAL NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS TO FLAVIVIRUS IN SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS THROUGHOUT THE NT 2004/05.

FIG. 15. TENNENT CREEK AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION PROJECT. PREMISES AND CO2 BAITED EVS TRAPS POSITIVE FOR AEDES AEGYPTI IN TENNANT CREEK – 23 JUNE 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005.

FIG. 16. DISTRIBUTION OF DECILE RANGE NUMBERS FOR WET SEASON OCTOBER 2004 TO APRIL 2005 RAINFALL. (BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY, DARWIN).


FIG. 17. TOTAL RAINFALL FOR WET SEASON OCTOBER 2004 TO APRIL 2005. ISOHYETS (MM) BASED ON CONFIRMED DATA. (BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY, DARWIN).

TABLES 1 - 42

TABLE 1. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - DARWIN CITY AND OUTER DARWIN. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005.

TABLE 1B. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – DARWIN RURAL AND PALMERSTON. JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.

TABLE 2. TOTAL NUMBER OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO DARWIN – 2004/2004. SUMMARISED BY IMPORTATION METHOD AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

TABLE 3. TOTAL NUMBER OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO DARWIN – 2004/2005. SUMMARISED BY RECEPTACLE TYPE AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

TABLE 4A. TOTAL NUMBER OF EXOTIC IMPORTATIONS INTO DARWIN – 2004/2005. SUMMARISED BY RECEPTACLE TYPE AND SPECIES.

TABLE 4B. SUMMARY OF EXOTIC IMPORTATIONS INTO DARWIN - 2004/2005 IMPORTATION SOURCE AND MOSQUITO SPECIES.

TABLE 4C. SUMMARY OF EXOTIC IMPORTATIONS INTO DARWIN - 2004/2005 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND MOSQUITO SPECIES.

TABLE 5. RECEPTACLE BREEDING SURVEYS IN THE NT JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.

TABLE 6. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – NHULUNBUY. JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.

TABLE 7. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005. TOTAL NUMBERS OF EIGHT SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ELEVEN CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

TABLE 8. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2003 TO JUNE 2004. TOTAL NUMBER OF EIGHT SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL 20 WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

TABLE 9. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF EIGHT SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE 11 CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.


TABLE 10. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN. TOTAL NUMBERS OF ALL MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE 11 CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE11. DARWIN – ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY SITES 2004/2005.

TABLE 12. ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION PER MONTH) JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005.

TABLE 13. BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION PER MONTH) JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005.

TABLE 14. ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT. LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION) 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 15. BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT. LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION) 1991/92 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 16. LOCATION AND MONTH OF ONSET OF CASES OF MVEV OR KUNV DISEASE CONTRACTED IN THE NT 1974 – 2005.

TABLE 17. ARBOVIRUS RISK PERIODS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY.

TABLE 18. SUMMARY OF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE 2004/05. NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING.

TABLE 19. SUMMARY OF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE BY MONTH JUL 1992 – JUN 2005. NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING.

TABLE 20. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM JABIRU. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 20A. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM JABIRU. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 21. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – JABIRU. JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.


TABLE 22. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE FIVE CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1994/95 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 22A. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE SIX CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1994/95 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 23. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE THREE CONTINUOUS FORTNIGHTLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 24 . MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN ALL FORTNIGHTLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 25. KATHERINE ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY SITES 2004/2005.

TABLE 26. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – KATHERINE JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.

TABLE 27. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEK. TOTAL AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 28. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE CONTINUOUS CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 29. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 30. ALICE SPRINGS ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY SITES 2004/2005.

TABLE 31. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – ALICE SPRINGS. JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.

TABLE 32. MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALYANGULA. AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE MONTHLY AND FORTNIGHTLY CO2 BAITED TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

TABLE 33. AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM – ALYANGULA.


JULY 2004 – JUNE 2005.

TABLE 34. AQIS MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM. JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005. TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

TABLE 35. MALARIA NOTIFICATION IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY: 1 JULY 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005.

TABLE 36. MALARIA NOTIFICATIONS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY: 1 JULY 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005 – ORIGIN OF INFECTIONS.

TABLE 37. MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH PUBLICATIONS 2004/05.

TABLE 38. MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH MOSQUITO SURVEY AND TRAVEL 2004/05.

TABLE 39. ENQUIRIES RECEIVED BY THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH 2004/05.

TABLE 40. ADULT MOSQUITO SPECIES LIST DARWIN TOWN.

TABLE 41. TENNANT CREEK AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION PROGRAM – 2004/05. RECEPTACLES POSITIVE FOR AEDES AEGYPTI JUN 2004 TO JUL 2005.

TABLE 42. MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH PERFORMANCE AND ACHIEVEMENTS 1990 – 2005.


3. EXOTIC VECTOR SURVEILLANCE

3.1 Darwin

3.1.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program The exotic Aedes egg trap (ovitrap) surveillance program is a continuing and routine program to detect the importation of exotic mosquito species in the Northern Territory, and to prevent the establishment of these species. Thirty-nine ovitraps in the Darwin area, and twelve ovitraps in the Palmerston and rural area, are monitored fortnightly. They are located in most of the suburbs and various rural residential areas and are also adjacent to vulnerable entry points for exotic mosquito incursions from either overseas or Queensland, including the port areas, interstate trucking yards, removalist companies, caravan parks, tyre yards and plant nurseries (Tables 1A and 1B; Figs 1B and 1C). The Darwin rural ovitrap program is an expansion of the Darwin surveillance program and was set up in response to the detection of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek in February 2004. Eight ovitraps were strategically placed around the rural areas to incorporate some high risk entry points, including plant nurseries, a tyre recycling centre, service stations, and a caravan park (Fig. 1C). The ovitraps are inspected each fortnight for mosquito larvae and eggs. Larvae or eggs laid on the paddles in the ovitraps are reared to fourth instar larvae in the MEB laboratory for identification. In previous MEB Branch Reports ovitrap data was reported in a single table format. In this years report the ovitrap data for the Darwin region has been divided into two tables, a table for the Darwin city and outer Darwin area (Table 1A), and another table for the Darwin rural and Palmerston area (Table 1B). In the 2004/05 Darwin city and outer Darwin ovitrap program, 43.2% of ovitraps were positive for mosquito larvae (Table 1A), compared to 14.01% and 19.45% in 2003/04 and 2002/03 respectively. The large increase in positive ovitraps in 2004/05 reflects an increase in the number of times mosquito larvae were detected at almost all of the ovitrap locations in the Darwin ovitrap program this year (Table 1A). The most common species detected, or the highest percentage of positive ovitraps positive for each species, was Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (85.12), followed by Ochlerotatus tremulus (31.22) and Culex quinquefasciatus (5.85) (Table 1A). The highest average numbers of larvae per trap per fortnight of ovitraps positive for each species was Cx. quinquefasciatus (48.13), followed by Oc. notoscriptus (47.85) and Oc. tremulus (36.5) (Table 1A). One of the notable differences between this year’s results and results from the previous two years is that in 2004/05 there were only four trap sites that did not return a positive presence of larvae (Table 1A), compared to 11 in 2003/04 and 8 in 2002/03. Thirty-seven of the thirty-nine traps in the Darwin ovitrap program also increased their percentage of positive ovitraps from the previous years percentages.


Patterns of larval abundance in ovitraps in response to rainfall can be seen in Figure 2A. Over the observed period in 2004/2005 larval numbers rose at three peak periods. The initial increase in the mid dry season (30 August 2004) was probably a response to watering and/or the reduction of available container breeding sites. The next peak period occurred after the first monsoonal rains (January 17 – 31 January), with the highest levels of larval abundance occurring in the late wet and early dry season (April 11 – May 23) (Fig. 2A). The larval numbers of Oc. tremulus and Oc. notoscriptus showed a mid wet season decrease similar to previous years, as well as a late wet season increase, which is unlike previous years (Fig. 2A). The mid wet season decrease is probably a result of a large number of alternative water filled containers becoming available for breeding in the area around the ovitrap during the wet season, as well as the flushing of other breeding sites by rainfall. The large peak of Oc. tremulus and Oc. notoscriptus numbers at the end of the wet season and into the early dry season is probably a result of the below average amounts of rainfall that were recorded in Darwin in March and April 2005. In Darwin the rainfall averages for these months are 319.3mm and 98.9mm, respectively, while in 2005 only 202mm fell in March and 68.6mm in April. This is a 147.6mm shortfall of the average rainfall over a two-month period (data from the Bureau of Meteorology). Heavy continuous rains may disrupt oviposition or larval survival through flooding and agitation of the water. The Aedes/Ochlerotatus receptacle breeding mosquito species lay their eggs on a moist surface in a receptacle just above the water line. When the receptacles remain continuously flooded with high levels of rainfall, there may be little opportunity for the adults to lay eggs and the water surface agitation can reduce larval numbers. However, the small amounts of rain that fell in March and April 2005 would only have topped up the breeding sites to the point where more eggs hatched out, but probably not to the point where the container overflowed and flushed out any existing larvae or disturbed oviposition. In the 2004/05 Darwin rural and Palmerston ovitrap surveillance program 49.29% of ovitraps were positive for mosquito larvae (Table 1B). The highest percentage of positive ovitraps positive for each species was Oc. notoscriptus (74.82), followed by Oc. tremulus (35.97) and Culex quinquefasciatus (9.35) (Table 1B). The highest average number of larvae per trap per fortnight was Cx. quinquefasciatus (90.38), followed by Oc. notoscriptus (61.6) and Oc. tremulus (39.62) (Table 1B). The patterns of abundance for the most commonly detected species in the Darwin rural and Palmerston ovitrap surveillance program were extremely variable (Fig. 2B). Peak abundance periods of container breeding species detected after the wet season monsoons were similar for the Darwin city and outer Darwin program and the Darwin rural data (Figs 2A and 2B). However the dry season numbers of larvae showed more fluctuations compared to the Darwin city and outer Darwin abundance levels (Figs 2A and 2B). The causes for this may be related to irrigation regimes at some of the ovitrap sites. The lack of suitable alternative breeding sites at nearby locations during the dry season may also


have an impact on the larval abundance levels detected in the ovitraps. The high numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae detected in 2004/05 shows that although this species was not detected regularly, when it was detected, it was in high numbers. This contrasts with Oc. notoscriptus which was detected in lower numbers, but eight times more often than Cx. quinquefasciatus (Table 1B). Given that the exotic disease carrying vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (both of which are not established in Darwin) can potentially utilise the same receptacles as Oc. notoscriptus, the continuous recovery of this species in the suburbs should serve as an indicator that ongoing public awareness campaigns aimed at household receptacle mosquito breeding need to continue.

3.1.2 Quarantine Adult Mosquito Trapping Programme A routine adult mosquito trapping program is conducted at vulnerable entry points around Darwin. The exotic adult trapping program was established in 1999 in collaboration with the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Services (AQIS). The aim of the program is to monitor adult mosquitoes at vulnerable entry points around Darwin for the entry of an exotic vector species. There are six routine quarantine adult mosquito monitoring trap sites in Darwin. The trap sites are located at Stokes Hill Wharf, Perkins Shipping, Darwin Airport, East Arm Wharf and two traps are located at the RAAF Base. The adult trap site at Rooneys Shipping near East Arm Wharf was relocated closer to the wharf area on 21 January 2005. This was due to a cessation of international shipping docking at Rooneys, and an increase in the amount of International shipping landing at East Arm Wharf. The traps are set and collected once a week by the AQIS Vector Officer, and the mosquitoes are taken to the Medical Entomology Branch in Darwin for identification. Once identified, the results are forwarded to the AQIS Vector Officers and RAAF Environmental Health Officers.

Culex quinquefasciatus, Ochlerotatus notoscriptus and Ochlerotatus tremulus were the three most commonly caught container breeding species in the program (Table 34). East Arm Wharf (103.87), the Bomb Re-armament Area (BRA) (30.69) and Perkins Shipping (21.25) caught the highest average numbers of mosquitoes (Table 34). There were no exotic adult mosquitoes detected in Darwin in 2004/05 as part of the exotic trapping program.

3.1.3 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions In 2004/05 there were 22 instances of exotic mosquito interceptions in the Northern Territory (Tables 2, 3, 4A, 4B and 4C). In all 22 instances Aedes aegypti was detected, and in one instance Ae. albopictus was also detected. On one occasion both of these species were detected on the same vessel, in the same container (Tables 4A, 4B and 4C). None of the interceptions were considered to pose an exotic mosquito importation risk to the NT.


One of the exotic interceptions detected on board a foreign fishing vessel (FFV) revealed a large number of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae and remnants of a pupal skin, indicating evidence of an adult emergence. The vessel was fogged with a permethrin treatment and it’s containers treated with chlorine immediately after being detained at the Nhulunbuy 1.5 km AQIS approved outer mooring point. It was determined that the likelihood of an exotic mosquito incursion at Nhulunbuy was very low, due both to the rapid treatment of the vessel and the distance of the FFV from the shore. However, satellite tracking images showed that the vessel had landed on two islands off the Arnhem Land coast, McCluer Island and Lawson Island, during its passage to Nhulunbuy. The known presence of an old well on McCluer Island, and the identified remains of a pupal skin on the FFV, caused a quarantine concern, as a female adult Ae. aegypti may have dispersed from the FFV to the well on the island. A North Australian Quarantine Services (NAQS) party was dispatched to the island and samples of mosquito larvae were collected from the well on McCluer Island. The well was located in a salt marsh area, and was inundated by brackish water at the time of sampling. Samples were collected by NAQS and identified by MEB as Mucidus alternans and Ochlerotatus vigilax. Twenty-one of the twenty-two exotic mosquito importations into the NT were detected on board foreign fishing vessels. All of the vessels originated from ports in Indonesia (Tables 2, 3, 4B and 4C). All of the larvae collected from the FFVs were located in water storage containers. The majority of these were 200 litre water drums (17), and 10, 20, 25 and 800 litre water containers (4) (Tables 3 and 4A). The other importation occurred on a barge that was exporting timber from Port Melville (Pirlangimpi) on the Tiwi Islands, located 60 km to the north of Darwin (Tables 2 and 3). The barge originated from Malaysia and was transporting export cargo from Australia to South East Asia. Two exotic mosquito species were detected aboard the vessel, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Tables 4B and 4C). Both species were detected in a tyre fender (Tables 3 and 4A). The Australian Quarantine Services (AQIS) conducts surveys of the detained FFVs for any exotic pest threats to Australia, including mosquitoes. It should be noted that 13 of the 21 FFVs inspected by AQIS, that contained exotic mosquito larvae, were detained in Gove Harbour. The other eight were inspected at the Darwin Harbour quarantine buoy. This highlights the new practise of AQIS to detain an increasing number of FFV’s that are detected by the Royal Australian Navy in Gove Harbour, rather than Darwin Harbour.

3.1.4 Receptacle Breeding Surveys During 2004/05 eighteen receptacle breeding surveys were conducted in the NT (Table 5). No exotic mosquito larvae were detected during these surveys. The table does not include any surveys undertaken as part of the Tennant Creek Aedes aegypti Eradication Program. The premises surveyed include the Shoal Bay Recycling Centre, the Darwin port area, a number of caravan parks and nurseries, a tyre yard, the East Arm Wharf area and the Nhulunbuy port area (Table 5).


The highest receptacle indexes (percentage of positive for larvae receptacles per receptacles with water) were from the Shoal Bay Recycling Centre (63.2), the caravan parks (58.8), East Arm Wharf (51.1) and the Darwin Port are (49.2) (Table 5). The figures indicate that these areas represent a risk in terms of providing a large number of potential breeding sites during an exotic container breeding mosquito incursion. The two port areas receive a lot of international shipping traffic and are susceptible to potential exotic mosquito incursions from overseas ports. Caravan parks represent a risk of interstate travellers inadvertently transporting Ae. aegypti eggs or larvae across the border from Queensland into the NT. Joint container breeding surveys were conducted with AQIS as part of the routine exotic vector surveillance program. Wet season surveys are conducted by AQIS and MEB staff at high-risk entry points within the 400-metre quarantine zone around Darwin, such as East Arm Wharf and Darwin Port. No exotic mosquito species were recorded in 2004/05. However, a number of receptacles were treated with residual insecticides during the survey, such as, methoprene briquettes, methoprene pellets (active constituent S methoprene) and Cislin (active constituent Deltamethrin). Property owners or residents were also advised on receptacle sanitation and the health implications of the establishment of exotic vector mosquitoes in the NT. A survey was conducted at Sadgroves Quay, Dinah Beach, in response to an unidentifiable Oc. (Mac) larval specimen that was detected in one of the routine AQIS ovitraps in the Darwin port area. No further specimens were located and the larval specimen was entered into the MEB reference collection and remains undetermined. One regional container breeding survey was conducted at Nhulunbuy. A new landing platform is currently under construction at Perkins Shipping in Melville Bay, to receive a number of Pre Assembled Modules (PAMs) that have been constructed in South East Asia, and shipped directly to Nhulunbuy as part of the expansion of the alumina refinery at Gove. Receptacle surveys at Perkins yards and the nearby Gove Yacht Club returned a low receptacle index (Table 5).

3.2 Nhulunbuy

3.2.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program Nhulunbuy is a mining town in the East Arnhem region. The town is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the Northern Territory because of mining related transport activities from overseas and Queensland, as well as the increasing number of FFVs being detained in Port Melville by AQIS. An ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was established in Nhulunbuy in 1995/96 in collaboration with the Nhulunbuy Corporation. Two new ovitraps were established in 2004/05 as part of an overall expansion of the mosquito surveillance programs in the NT, in response to the detection of Ae. aegypti in Tennant Creek in February 2004. One trap was established at the export wharf in Melville Bay and the other at 2 Tamarind Avenue in Nhulunbuy township. There are now six


routine ovitrap sites in Gove, which are located in the port area, the township and at the airport. In the 2004/05 period a total of 55 ovitraps were sampled, with 14 being positive for mosquito larvae (+ve 25.45%) (Table 23). Results show that Ochlerotatus tremulus was the most commonly recorded species, followed by Oc. notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Table 23). The Gove Airport returned the highest number of positive traps, with +ve 64.29%, followed by the Gove Yacht Club at Wallaby Beach with +ve 30.77% and the customs enclosure +ve 9.09% (Table 23). High numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus (72) and Oc. tremulus (129) were detected at the airport (Table 23). The ovitrap at the customs enclosure detected only Cx. quinquefasciatus (118), while the Gove Yacht Club detected mainly Oc. notoscriptus (101) (Table 23). There were no exotic mosquitoes detected in Nhulunbuy 2004/05. Culex quinquefasciatus, Oc. tremulus and Oc. notoscriptus numbers peaked after the February and March monsoonal rains. There was also a small peak of Cx. quinquefasciatus in October 2004 . All of the larvae were detected at the Gove airport, which did not record any rainfall during this period. However, Cx. quinquefasciatus lays its eggs on the water surface, and prefers highly organic or polluted water sources as breeding sites. This indicates that the Airport ovitrap water during this collection period must have contained high levels of nutrient, which provided an attractive breeding site for Cx. quinquefasciatus.

3.3 Groote Eylandt

3.3.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program Alyangula is a mining town located on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, in the East Arnhem region. Much of the sea transport cargo into the area is mining related. Similar to Nhulunbuy, the area is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the Northern Territory. The ovitrap program is run in collaboration between the Groote Eylandt Mining Company (Gemco) and MEB. The ovitrap program was established in July 1998 and continued to March 2000 when it was suspended because of a lack of local staff. The program was re-started in March 2003. The two ovitraps are located at the wharf and the airport and are serviced fortnightly. The paddles that are used for egg laying by the mosquitoes are forwarded to MEB, where the eggs are hatched, and the larvae reared to 4th instar for identification. In 2004/05 a total of 48 traps were sampled and five ovitraps were recorded as being positive for mosquito larvae (+ve 10.42%) (Table 33). Four of the positive samples were collected from the airport ovitrap and the fifth from the wharf ovitrap. All five of the positive ovitraps contained Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (Table 33). This is an endemic container breeding species that is commonly detected in all regions of the NT. No exotic Aedes mosquitoes were detected on Groote Eylandt in 2004/05.


3.4 Alice Springs

3.4.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program In February 2004 the dengue vector Aedes aegypti was detected in Tennant Creek. An ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was put into place in Alice Springs in March 2004 to establish whether Ae. aegypti was also present in Alice Springs. The program consists of six ovitraps. The traps are located adjacent to vulnerable points of establishment such as potential breeding places or entry points into Alice Springs. These points are, the freight terminal, the Shell Truck Shop, Tony’s Wreckers, Tyre Power, the Red Dog Café and No 5 McMinn Street (Table 31). The ovitraps are serviced by the Environmental Health Officer at the Alice Springs Council each fortnight. The paddles and any larvae are forwarded to the MEB and larvae are reared to fourth instar larvae and identified. In 2004/05 no exotic mosquitoes were recovered from the Alice Springs ovitraps. The only species recovered were Culex quinquefasciatus, Ochlerotatus notoscriptus and Oc. tremulus (Table 31). Given that the exotic vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (both of which are not established in Alice Springs) can potentially utilise the same receptacles as the species recovered in 2004/05, the recovery of these species in Alice Springs should serve as an indicator that ongoing public awareness campaigns aimed at household receptacle mosquito breeding need to continue.

3.5 Katherine

3.5.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program In February 2004 the dengue vector Aedes aegypti was detected in Tennant Creek. To establish whether Ae. aegypti was also present in Katherine, an ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was put into place in March 2004. The program consists of eight routine ovitraps. The traps are located adjacent to vulnerable entry points into Katherine, including the railway terminal, tyre centres, the Cycad Garden Nursery and the fire station (Table 26).

The ovitraps are serviced by the Environmental Health Officer in Katherine each fortnight and the paddles and any larvae are forwarded to the MEB for larval rearing and identification. Larvae or eggs laid on the paddles in the ovitraps are reared to fourth instar larvae in the MEB laboratory for identification.


In 2004/05 no exotic mosquitoes were recovered from the Katherine ovitraps. The predominant species found was Ochlerotatus notoscriptus, with highest numbers recovered from O’Keefe Residence, followed by Oc. tremulus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Tripteroides punctolateralis (Table 26).

Given that the exotic disease carrying vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (both of which are not established in Katherine) can potentially utilise the same receptacles as Oc. notoscriptus, the recovery of this species in Katherine should serve as an indicator that ongoing public awareness campaigns aimed at household receptacle mosquito breeding need to continue.

3.6 Jabiru

3.6.1 Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program In February 2004 the dengue vector Aedes aegypti was detected in Tennant Creek. An ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was put into place in Jabiru in February 2005 to establish whether Ae. aegypti was also present in Jabiru. The program consists of three ovitraps. The traps are located adjacent to vulnerable points of establishment such as potential breeding places or entry points into Jabiru. These points are, the Crocodile Holiday Inn, the Jabiru caravan park and the Bowali visitors centre (Table 21). The ovitraps are serviced by the Jabiru Town Council each fortnight. The paddles and any larvae are forwarded to the MEB and larvae are reared to fourth instar larvae and identified. In 2004/05 no exotic mosquitoes were recovered from the Jabiru ovitraps. The only species recovered was Ochlerotatus tremulus (Table 21). Given that the exotic vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (both of which are not established in Jabiru) can potentially utilise the same receptacles as the species recovered in 2004/05, the recovery of this species in Jabiru should serve as an indicator that ongoing public awareness campaigns aimed at household receptacle mosquito breeding need to continue.

4. EXOTIC VECTOR ERADICATION PROGRAM


4.1 Detection of Aedes aegypti The exotic dengue vector Aedes aegypti was first detected in Tennant Creek during a routine adult mosquito monitoring operation using CO2 baited EVS traps. On 17/02/04 one female Ae. aegypti was captured in a trap at the Tennant Creek Hospital, and one male was captured in a trap at Ford Crescent. Aedes aegypti is not strongly attracted to CO2 baited EVS traps, and adults do not commonly fly further than 50m after emergence. The fact that two Ae. aegypti were collected on the same date in two CO2 baited EVS traps placed 900m apart indicated that there was a widespread occurrence of the species in Tennant Creek. The Medical Entomology Branch of DHCS responded immediately to the incursion by sending a team to Tennant Creek to assess the situation and to start an Ae. aegypti control project.

In a seven week period following the detection of this mosquito, MEB officers and officers of other Territory and interstate government departments carried out an intensive survey and treatment of properties in the town. By the end of this period, Ae. aegypti larvae had been found in containers on 89 properties. Eighty-eight of these were in the suburban town area, and one was at a hobby farm to the south of Tennant Creek. Genetic analysis of some of the Ae. aegypti specimens from Tennant Creek showed that they were identical to those from Cairns and Camooweal in Queensland. It is most likely that Ae. aegypti was transported by road from Cairns or another town in Queensland en route to Tennant Creek. For details of the initial control program refer to the Tennant Creek annual regional report 2003/04.

4.2 Activities of Aedes aegypti Eradication Project Following the initial control program against Ae. aegypti in Tennant Creek in April 2004, the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) agreed to fund a 12 month Ae. aegypti eradication project in the NT headed by the Director of MEB as Project Director. A funding grant of $1million from DoHA was received by DHCS assist with the eradication project in the 2004/2005 financial year.

4.2.1 Dry season: surveillance, monitoring and treatment activities (May – November 2004) After the initial survey and control operations against Ae. aegypti in Tennant Creek were concluded in April 2004, a reduced Ae. aegypti surveillance program was carried out during the dry season with the assistance of the local Environmental Health Officer. The Project Manager for the Ae. aegypti Eradication Project was appointed in June 2004. He has made regular (three weekly) visits to Tennant Creek for preparation procedures and to carry out surveillance and monitoring activities. Lethal ovitraps (egg traps with bifenthrin impregnated velour strips) were regularly placed about the suburban town area until mid August 2004. The EHO continued a lethal ovitrap program that was commenced during the initial Ae. aegypti control program, and regularly sent the velour strips to MEB Darwin to check if any Ae. aegypti eggs had been laid on them. CO2 baited EVS traps


were regularly set at three routine monitoring sites, and multiple ad hoc sites about the town during this period.

4.2.2 Surveillance, monitoring and treatment activities (November 2004 – June 2005)

4.2.2.1 Recruitment of field staff: Following the notification that Commonwealth funding had been granted for the Aedes aegypti Eradication Project, job descriptions for each position within the project were drafted, the positions were created within the NT Public Service, vacancies for the positions were advertised, and suitable candidates were recruited to the project through interview. The Technical Supervisor (T3) and nine field officers (T1) commenced work with the project in the last fortnight of November 2004. In their first week of employment these officers were given practical training on the safe use and handling of insecticides, and the appropriate use of a selected range of insecticides for the purpose of mosquito control. Training was also provided on correct techniques for surveying and sampling for mosquito larvae. In December 2004 the data entry officer (AO2) commenced in Tennant Creek, and a laboratory technician (T1) commenced at the MEB in Darwin.

4.2.2.2 Property inspections: The major activity of field officers of this project has been the systematic inspection and treatment of all properties in Tennant Creek, including houses, vacant blocks, businesses and institutions, hobby farms, and aboriginal communities near to the town. All containers capable of holding water have been surveyed for mosquito larvae, and have been treated with insecticide or bleach. When possible, containers not wanted by the householder have been removed from the property by MEB officers, treated with insecticide, and taken to the town dump for burial. All mosquito larval samples collected during property inspections have been sent to the MEB Darwin laboratory for identification.

4.2.2.3 Adult Aedes aegypti surveillance: CO2 baited EVS traps have been used extensively by MEB in Tennant Creek as a surveillance tool. They capture Ae. aegypti, as well as a range of other container breeding mosquito species, whose presence in a trap indicates that a potential breeding site suitable for Ae. aegypti is nearby. Between eight and ten traps per week have been set in Tennant Creek during the course of the eradication project.

4.2.2.4 Rain water tanks: All water storage tanks on all properties were surveyed for mosquito larvae during routine property inspections. Two MEB officers later revisited all tanks, assessed all tank openings (inlet/outlet pipes, observation lid etc) for their ability to exclude mosquitoes, and sealed all tanks using stainless steel mesh, tin, silicone and screws where necessary. In total, 189 tanks on 148 premises were inspected in Tennant Creek, and all were sealed where necessary to exclude entry by mosquitoes.


4.2.2.5 Septic tank surveys: During the inspections of properties outside the Tennant Creek suburban area, it was observed that some septic systems were not adequately sealed to exclude mosquitoes. A significant number of these had become breeding areas for Ochlerotatus (Mac) species, which include Oc. (Mac) tremulus and Oc. (Mac) sp 147. Culex quinquefasciatus was also found in association with some septic systems. Any such septic systems encountered by MEB officers were treated with S-methoprene, and had their breather pipes covered with wire mesh. Property owners were informed of any other work that needed to be carried out in order to mosquito proof the septic system. Although Aedes aegypti would not normally be associated with active septic tanks, it may utilise disused or infrequently used septic tanks that are not sealed to exclude mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti larvae were sampled from a grey water tank connected to a house in suburban Tennant Creek. An extensive survey of all septic systems on local Aboriginal communities close to town was carried out by MEB in August and September 2005 to assess whether they were sufficiently sealed to exclude mosquitoes, and if not, what repairs would be required to seal them. A summary of the results of that survey will be forwarded to Julalikari Community Government Council, Environmental Health - DHCS, and NT Housing so that appropriate action can be taken to repair and seal identified septic systems.

4.2.2.6 Storm water drains: The majority of the township of Tennant Creek is built on flat land and consequently many of the towns underground storm water drainage pipes have very little fall towards their endpoints. Any build-up of silt or rubble in these pipes can cause localised pooling in them and their associated side entry pits. Culex quinquefasciatus have been found in side entry pits, pooled water behind silt and rubble build-ups in underground pipes, and drain endpoints during the course of the project. The storm water drain system has been the target of chemical control treatments and desilting engineering works because of the presence of general mosquito breeding in the storm water drain system, and the presence of sites in that system where Aedes aegypti could possibly breed. All side entry pits, manholes and grates associated with storm water drainage have been chemically treated to control mosquito larvae and adults on three separate rounds of inspection and treatment during the course of the eradication project. Although not a comprehensive treatment of the entire drain system, the treatment provided control of larvae and eggs in the sumps associated with side entry pits, and control of adult mosquitoes that rest in the side entry pit.

The MEB has engaged local contractors to desilt some sections of the stormwater drain system, and improve flow of water away from silted or potentially blocked drain endpoints. The drain that flows between Davidson Walk and the open eastern drain was desilted along 300m of its length by removing large quantities of rubble and silt. In addition, a contractor will clear silt from a subterranean drain that has its end point at the main open southern drain (south of AIM Church). This work will be carried out in 2005/2006.


4.2.2.7 Town dump and town clean-up: When the Aedes aegypti Eradication Project commenced in Tennant Creek, the town dump had large areas of uncovered dry waste that included tyres and other containers that could hold water. In March 2005 a cooperative project between the Tennant Creek Town Council and DIPE Waste Management arranged for the covering of dry waste and a renovation of the dump site. The MEB, through the Aedes aegypti Eradication Project, assisted with dump renovations. This work was completed in June 2005. The dump now has defined areas where the dumping of wet and dry waste can occur, and this waste is regularly covered with soil. An additional health benefit that has resulted from the renovation of the dump is the reduction of flies at the dump and in the town area.

Since Ae. aegypti was detected in Tennant Creek in February 2004, the MEB has twice funded a dry rubbish collection service for Tennant Creek residents. This activity aimed to remove as many disused water-holding containers as possible from suburban backyards so that fewer of these would be available for Ae. aegypti to breed in during the wet season.

4.2.2.8 Telstra pit and manhole survey and treatment: In February 2005 Telstra assigned an officer to the Aedes aegypti Eradication Project for one week to survey and treat Telstra pits and manholes in Tennant Creek with insecticides. Pits and manholes in 511 locations were surveyed and treated with insecticides. Six of these were found to be holding water, and one of them was found to be a breeding site of Ochlerotatus tremulus. Ochlerotatus tremulus is a container breeding mosquito that can utilise very similar breeding sites to those utilised by Aedes aegypti. There have been no detections of Ae. aegypti larvae in any of Telstra’s Tennant Creek facilities to date. The low number of Telstra pits that were holding water at the time of the inspections corresponded with low rainfall in January and February 2005.

4.2.2.9 Regional community surveys: MEB staff carried out Aedes aegypti surveys of properties in regional communities in the Barkly region, and in a number of other NT communities that have close links to Tennant Creek. Aedes aegypti was not detected during any of the surveys, although container breeding mosquito species, and sites suitable for Ae. aegypti breeding were found. The following communities were surveyed for Ae. aegypti in the current reporting period: Borroloola, King Ash Bay, Newcastle Waters, Elliot, Renner Springs, Kalinjari, Wukulpu (Wauchope outstation), Epenarra, Ali Curung, Murray Downs, Canteen Creek, Tara (Neutral Junction), Barrow Creek, Wilora (Stirling Station), Ti Tree, Pmara Jutunta (Ti Tree 6-mile), Aileron, Barkly Homestead and Alpurrurulam (Lake Nash).


4.2.3 Results of surveillance and control operations

4.2.3.1 Dry season surveillance and monitoring (01/05/04 – 21/11/04): CO2 baited EVS traps were regularly set at three routine monitoring sites, and ad hoc sites about the town during this period. Aedes aegypti adults were captured at four ad hoc CO2 baited EVS trap placements (Table 7). A total of 106 CO2 baited EVS traps were placed in ad hoc locations about Tennant Creek, and 22 were placed at three routine monitoring sites. Inspections of properties in the vicinity of these traps resulted in the detection of two sites of Ae. aegypti breeding (dog bowl [25/06/04] and a rainwater tank [18/10/04]), and a probable source of breeding (bird bath with aquatic plants [20/10/04]– Ae. aegypti not collected in sample). Some opportunistic detections of Ae. aegypti breeding occurred during the dry season period. In June Ae. aegypti larvae were found at a property by an Environmental Health Officer in a water-filled plastic 44 gallon drum covered by a loose piece of corrugated iron. On 4/11/04 Ae. aegypti larvae were found in a garden ornament during an ad hoc property inspection. This detection was coincidental with the capture of Ae. aegypti in a CO2 baited EVS trap on the same day in a nearby residence. Bifenthrin impregnated velour strips from 51 lethal ovitraps placed about the suburban town area between 16/04/04 and 12/08/05 were inspected for eggs. All but one of these strips were free of eggs. The eggs from the positive strip (12/10/04) did not hatch in the laboratory. Aedes aegypti larvae were later detected in a bucket under a dripping tap at this trap site on 30/11/05.

4.2.3.2 Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project surveillance, monitoring and control (22/11/04 – 30/06/05): A systematic property by property survey and treatment program for Aedes aegypti was commenced in Tennant Creek on 22/11/04, coinciding with the commencement of the ten Tennant Creek based staff. Aedes aegypti larvae were found at three properties in the Tennant Creek suburban area during the first round of the survey and treatment program in November and December 2004. These have been the only detections of Ae. aegypti in Tennant Creek since 22/11/04. The larvae were found in an in-ground grey water tank connected to a house (24/11/04), a bucket under a dripping tap (30/11/04), and in an unsealed rainwater tank (23/12/04). A total of 1134 Tennant Creek properties were surveyed and treated by MEB officers between 22/11/04 and 31/12/04, and a total of 4794 properties were surveyed and treated in four rounds of property inspections between 22/11/04 and 30/06/05. A total of 259 samples of mosquito larvae collected during these inspections were identified at MEB Darwin (Table 43). CO2 baited EVS traps were used on a weekly basis from 22/1104 to 30/06/05. A total of 271 traps were set during this period, with 114 placed at three routine monitoring sites, and 157 placed at ad hoc locations about the town (Table 44). Although Ae. aegypti was not captured in any of these traps, other container breeding mosquito species such as Ochlerotatus tremulus and other Oc. (Mac) species were occasionally captured (Table 44). When container breeding mosquito species have been collected in a CO2 baited EVS


trap, MEB officers have investigated nearby properties for the presence of potential Ae. aegypti breeding sites, and treated them with Bifenthrin, S-methoprene or bleach.

4.3 Conclusions (interpretation of results, project continuation, funding) There have been seven detections of Aedes aegypti larvae in Tennant Creek since the initial Aedes aegypti control program concluded in April 2004, and none since 23/12/04. Four of these were detected during the dry season surveillance and monitoring period, and the remaining three as a result of systematic inspections of properties by MEB staff. The low number of detections after April 2004, despite increased surveillance and monitoring effort, indicates that the intensive seven week control program that followed the initial detection of Ae. aegypti was effective at reducing the population of this species to very low levels. There was limited rainfall in Tennant Creek between April 2004 and the commencement of the Ae. aegypti Eradication Project on 22/11/04. The majority of containers that are commonly associated with Ae. aegypti breeding sites such as old tyres, buckets, bird baths and blocked gutters would have been dry during much of this period. The lack of suitable breeding sites through the town during the dry season may have helped prevent a rapid reinfestation of the town by Ae. aegypti after the initial survey and control period ended and before the eradication project commenced. The detections of Ae. aegypti adults and larvae in Tennant Creek in June and July 2004 indicated that this species was capable of year round breeding in the town, with overnight temperatures dropping as low as 8oC overnight during the dry season. At the end of the current reporting period, Ae. aegypti had not been detected in the NT for 27 weeks since its last detection. It is possible that Ae. aegypti has already been eradicated from Tennant Creek, but drought resistant eggs may still be viable and may hatch when the next wet season rains occur. A continued surveillance and monitoring program will be carried out during the next wet season by MEB with assistance from DoHA. Additional funding of $300,000 for the eradication project has been agreed to by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing for the 2005/2006 financial year. This will allow a continuation of intensive surveillance and treatment activities until the end of March 2006, and completion of the project by the end of June 2006. At the end of June 2005 the number of personnel employed by the project was reduced from thirteen to six officers in line with reduced funding.


5. VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

5.1 DARWIN The most important mosquito species recorded in Darwin in 2004/05, and their relative numbers, are shown in Tables 7-10. There were 44 adult mosquito species collected in Darwin in 2004/05, compared to the 69 adult mosquito species that have been collected in Darwin since monitoring commenced. No new adult mosquito species were recorded in 2004/05 (Table 40).

5.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program The routine adult mosquito monitoring program in Darwin involved 20 CO2 baited EVS traps set throughout the Darwin urban area and one in Palmerston (Table 8, Fig. 1A). The Vesteys Lake temporary wet season trap has since been made a permanent weekly trap collection, to monitor any dry season breeding that may occur in the area. One temporary late dry season to early wet season trap site is located at Richardson Park, to monitor mosquito breeding occurring in the upper high tide areas associated with Ludmilla Creek, and to monitor the effectiveness of control efforts in that area. Eleven of the trap sites have been monitored continuously from 1985 to the present, representing one of the longest consistent mosquito monitoring data sets in Australia. This data is used to evaluate mosquito control and disease incidence.

The longer-term mosquito monitoring results for the 11 continuous traps are shown in Table 10 and Figure 3. The total number of mosquitoes trapped at the 11 continuous sites has decreased considerably from 177,251 last year to 101,251 this year (Table 10). Palm Creek, Karama and Leanyer Dump had the highest mosquito numbers of 42,215, 18,043 and 10,543 respectively (Tables 8 and 10). There was a continuous reduction in average mosquito numbers for the eleven sites from 1993/94 to 1997/98 (Table 10, Fig. 4). In 1998/99 there was a sizeable increase in average mosquito numbers, approaching the high numbers in 1993/94 (Table 10, Fig. 4). Average mosquito numbers again started to decrease from 1999/00 to 2001/02. In 2002/03, average mosquito numbers rose considerably from an average of 133 in 2001/02 to an average of 248 in 2002/03 (Table 10). In 2003/04, mosquito numbers again rose significantly to an average of 305 per trap per trap night (Table 10). Average numbers decreased in 2004/05, with a considerable decrease in average numbers from 305 per trap per trap night in 2003/04 to an average of 177 per trap per trap night in 2004/05 (Table 10, Fig. 4). All of the 11 continuous trap sites experienced a significant drop in total numbers of all mosquitoes collected (Table 10). Most sites recorded around half as many mosquitoes in 2004/05 compared to 2003/04.


Culex annulirostris was the most common mosquito species recorded at the trap sites around Darwin, accounting for 70% of total mosquitoes trapped (Table 8). Culex annulirostris numbers were highest at Palm Creek (17,596), Holmes Jungle (11,487) and Karama (8,303) (Table 8). Anopheles bancroftii was the next most common mosquito species, accounting for 28% of all mosquitoes trapped. The majority of this species were recorded at Palm Creek (13,057) and Holmes Jungle (9,282). Ochlerotatus vigilax was the third most common mosquito species recorded at the trap sites around Darwin, accounting for 13% of total mosquitoes trapped (Table 8). Ochlerotatus vigilax numbers were highest at Karama (3,360), Palm Creek (2,464), Holmes Jungle (2,417) and Casuarina (2,173) (Table 8). The average number of Oc. vigilax per trap night decreased considerably from 63 in 2003/04 to 23 in 2004/05 for the 11 continuous sites (Table 9). This is probably a result of specific aerial applied insecticide control operations aimed specifically at this species. Average Cx. annulirostris numbers per trap night decreased considerably from 148 in 2003/04 to 83 in 2004/05 (Table 9). Anopheles bancroftii (30) abundance increased from an average of 20 last year. The decrease in Cx. annulirostris numbers in 2004/05 could be due to a below average wet season (Fig. 16), which resulted in swamps drying more rapidly at the end of the wet season, therefore reducing the availability of suitable post wet season breeding habitat. The below average wet season could also have reduced mid wet season breeding sites, with a gradual flooding of low lying areas occurring instead of sudden widespread flooding, thereby limiting the available suitable breeding habitat of this species. Mid wet season peaks are generally a short term peak in numbers until aquatic predators colonise newly flooded areas. The major factor in mid wet season peaks appears to be high December and January rainfall (Fig. 8B), with the low December and January rainfall in 2004/05 probably a major contributor to lower average Cx. annulirostris numbers in 2004/05. When comparing the 11 continuous sites, Karama (3,360), Palm Creek (2,464) and Casuarina (2,173) recorded the highest total numbers of the salt marsh mosquito Oc. vigilax (Table 8). Ochlerotatus vigilax numbers decreased considerably from last year at all of the 11 continuous sites (Fig. 5), although they were still slightly higher than what was recorded in 2000/01 and 2001/02. The decrease in Oc. vigilax numbers at the trap sites bordering the Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamps may have been due to more favourable environmental conditions during spray operations, which may have increased the effectiveness of aerial control operations. The decrease in Oc. vigilax numbers at Casuarina may have been due to the below average wet season flooding fewer dune areas compared to above average wet season years, and using methoprene pellets in many potential breeding sites to cover for any missed breeding. Methoprene pellets were also aerially applied to inaccessible areas of Casuarina Coastal Reserve, to control those larvae that could not be effectively reached by ground operations. The decrease in Oc. vigilax numbers at Coconut Grove and Totem


Rd may have been due to engineering measures reducing the nearby available breeding habitat for this species, and the below average wet season leading to fewer dune areas flooding. Coquillettidia xanthogaster decreased from an average of 30 per trap night in 2003/04 to an average of 18 per trap night in 2004/05 (Table 9). The dry wet season would have led to the aquatic and semi-aquatic reeds in the Holmes Jungle swamp and/or Marrara swamp being inundated for a shorter period than in 2003/04, therefore decreasing the amount of available breeding habitat. Average numbers per trap night for the other pest freshwater mosquito species Mansonia uniformis were similar to the previous year (Table 9), while An. bancroftii numbers increased from an average of 20 per trap night to 30 per trap night. The increase in An. bancroftii numbers may have been due to the dry wet season leading to a rapid drying of Palm Creek, therefore leaving behind many isolated pools suitable for An. bancroftii breeding. The rapid drying of the Holmes Jungle reed swamp may also have led to the creation of extensive short term breeding sites, which were exploited by An. bancroftii. Since 1998/99, the average number of all mosquito species per trap night has shown a good correlation with annual rainfall (Fig. 3). Therefore, the decrease in average mosquito numbers compared to 2003/04 can be largely attributed to the low annual rainfall for 2004/05. When total numbers of all species of mosquitoes from all monitoring sites are compared, the Holmes Jungle, Palm Creek and Karama sites showed much higher mosquito numbers than all other sites (Table 8). The high numbers of all species of mosquitoes at these sites is due to very large areas of reed swamp and other wetland breeding areas in the nearby Holmes Jungle reed swamp and mangrove areas close to the sites. These sites are considerably influenced by rainfall and tides providing suitable habitats. These areas are not targeted by engineering control methods due to their ecological sensitivity and their importance as fish breeding sites. The MEB does not routinely control mosquitoes other than the salt marsh mosquito in these areas, unless there is a relatively high risk of mosquito borne disease or if numbers of pest mosquitoes become significantly high.

5.1.2 Rainfall & Disease case data In 2004/05 there were 136 Ross River virus (RRV) and 31 Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease cases reported in the Darwin area (Tables 12 and 13), compared to 170 RRV and five BFV disease cases in 2003/04 (Tables 14 and 15). The number of RRV and BFV disease cases correlates with rainfall patterns and numbers of the two main vectors Ochlerotatus vigilax and Culex annulirostris. The number of cases of RRV in the Darwin region were considerably higher in February than in any other month, with the next highest in March, followed by January and April (Table 12). Ochlerotatus vigilax numbers in Darwin increase from the late dry season, when the tides become large enough to flood breeding areas, and into the early wet season when rainfall


floods breeding areas (Fig. 7). Culex annulirostris poses the greatest risk in the middle to late wet seasons and the early dry season when numbers are at their highest (Figs 8C and 8D). The decrease in RRV disease cases in Darwin in 2003/04 can be attributed to the lower Oc. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris numbers in 2004/05 (Figs 7 and 8B). The increase in BFV cases was unusual, considering average numbers of the two main vectors Oc. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris were lower in 2004/05 than in 2003/04. It could be that BFV activity in local vertebrate populations was higher this year, or that more people with symptoms of BFV consulted health care practitioners and had blood tests taken for analysis. Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system to detect the activity of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV) and to indicate potential risk periods for MVEV disease (see section 6.3). The sentinel chicken data for 2004/05 is summarised in Table 18 and discussed in Section 7. The highest risk period for MVEV disease in 2004/05 was from February to June (Table 18). One MVEV case was recorded in the Darwin region for 2004/05 (Table 16).

5.1.3 Routine Larval Mosquito Control Program or NTDCP Darwin The Northern Territory Disease Control Program (NTDCP) in Darwin is carried out as a partnership between the Darwin City Council (DCC), the Northern Territory Parks and Wildlife Commission (PWCNT), and the MEB. The MEB has drawn up aerial photo vector control maps with 200m grid references of the Darwin and suburban areas, and has categorised all the potential mosquito breeding places. Potential breeding sites are generally inspected by the body responsible for the management of the area. The Darwin City Council is responsible for the inspection and control of all storm water drains and areas of swamp adjacent to suburban areas except those in the Leanyer swamp. The Darwin City Council responsibility includes Frances Bay, Fannie Bay, East Point Reserve, Vesteys Beach, Mindil Beach, Ludmilla swamp, Coconut Grove, Nightcliff Foreshore and the Rapid Creek area. The PWCNT areas include the Casuarina Coastal Reserve, Charles Darwin National Park, and the George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens. The MEB advises the DCC and PWCNT of specific times and areas to inspect for mosquito breeding. This is generally following high tides, critical amounts of rain or periods during the dry season when low flows occur in drains. The MEB frequently inspects the various areas first to determine the current potential of the breeding sites. Larval control is carried out by ground control using primarily Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) or temephos (Abate) liquid applied by hand held pressure sprayers or from a tank on an all terrain quad bike or hand applied temephos granules. Methoprene pellets were also applied to high productivity sites to cover for undetected rain events. The responsible body for the management of each area usually performs larval control, with assistance by MEB during large rainfall events. Small rainfall events are also covered by the Medical Entomology Branch on occasions, as these events do not warrant large scale surveys by DCC or PWCNT.


During the financial year 2004/05, DCC carried out larval control on 8 occasions, PWCNT Casuarina Coastal Reserve on 14 occasions and PWCNT Botanic Gardens on 15 occasions. MEB carried out 124 larval survey and control operations in DCC and PWCNT control areas (Table 42.6), which also included ad-hoc investigations of routine and non-routine sites based on the Darwin adult mosquito monitoring results. The most prevalent species found breeding were Ochlerotatus vigilax (282 times at various breeding sites) and Culex annulirostris (38 times at various breeding sites) (Table 11).

5.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program Helicopter Control Program The helicopter larval control program in Darwin is aimed primarily at the salt marsh mosquito Ochlerotatus vigilax, and the common banded mosquito Culex annulirostris. Salt marsh swamps within a 5km range of the northern suburbs of Darwin are routinely surveyed by either helicopter or all terrain quad bikes by the MEB after high tides or critical amounts of rain. The swamps controlled by helicopter include Leanyer swamp, the Leanyer bomb crater area, Holmes Jungle reed and mangrove swamps, Micket swamp and parts of the Shoal Bay communication base swamp (Fig. 9). Insecticides are applied by helicopter in liquid formulations, primarily the bacterial insecticide (B.t.i.), and to a lesser extent the short lived organophosphate insecticide temephos. The area at Leanyer swamp and adjacent swamps treated by helicopter in 2004/05 (1249 ha) was higher than the previous year (1099 ha) (Table 42.8). This was due to erratic rainfall throughout the wet season resulting in continuous mosquito breeding in Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamps. Average numbers of mosquitoes per trap in Darwin were lower in 2004/05 (156) compared to the previous year (272) (Table 42.5) and Oc. vigilax numbers decreased from an average of 63.13 per trap night in 2003/04 to 23.28 in 2004/05 (Table 9), showing the success of the aerial control program.

5.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program The Mosquito Engineering Control Program is a cooperative effort between the MEB of DHCS and the Darwin City Council (DCC) to maintain and upgrade Darwin drains, which are actual or potential mosquito breeding sites. It is funded on a 1:2 dollar basis between DCC : DHCS. It is a major program for the MEB, involving inspections and maintenance work on existing drains and concrete upgrading of sections of drains where there are demonstrated mosquito breeding problems. This financial year, 16 km of drains were de-silted in Darwin (Table 42.10). Some of the drains desilted included those at Leanyer swamp, Rapid Creek, Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, Darwin Port, Marrara, Coconut Grove, Ludmilla, Stuart Park, Fannie Bay, East Point and Gardens Golf Course/Mindil Beach stormwater drains. A total of $240,000 was spent on mosquito engineering measures in the Darwin area.


A total of 359m in linear length of drains were upgraded with concrete lining of inverts, which included the construction of a 85m concrete invert drain between Tiger Brennan Drive and the north edge of Bayview Haven to remove a serious brown house mosquito breeding site. Concrete invert drains were also constructed at Lake Alexander (184m) and Vesteys Lake (90m), to remove salt marsh and common banded mosquito breeding sites. A total of 8.45km of drains have now been upgraded with a concrete invert under the combined DCC/MEB mosquito engineering program (Table 42.10). Fill operations carried out this year totalled to 125m3 (Table 42.10). A major fill operation was conducted in Ludmilla swamp, where the old sewage ponds used to be located. The fill operation removed a serious salt marsh mosquito breeding site. The keys to the successful mosquito engineering control program is the continued cooperation between the MEB and the DCC, as well as assistance from the Power and Water Authority and the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and the Environment. The MEB database is a valuable tool in identifying frequent mosquito breeding sites. The development of the MEB geographic information system will aid in the planning and monitoring of future work programs.

5.2 Jabiru

5.2.1 Mosquito species recorded in Jabiru The most important mosquito species recorded in Jabiru are shown in Table 20. A total of 32 mosquito species were recorded in Jabiru for the 2004/05 financial year, compared to a total of 55 mosquito species that have been recorded in all types of adult mosquito collection in Jabiru since 1977. It is possible that some mosquito species of lower occurrence may have been missed, due to large numbers of mosquito catches being sub-sampled for identification in Jabiru for 2004/05. No new mosquito species were recorded in Jabiru in 2004/05. (Refer to the Jabiru Annual Regional Report 2004/05).

5.2.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program The five routine adult mosquito monitoring trap sites in Jabiru are located at the Top of the Lake, the Caravan Park, West of Town and the Golf Club (see Jabiru Annual Regional Report 2004/05, Fig. 1). This includes a new routine trap located in the urban area of Jabiru (11 Sergison Place), to monitor for exotic container breeding mosquitoes. Traps were set and collected weekly by Jeff Mewburn or Daniel Van Ras from the Jabiru Town Council. Due to the location of Jabiru within mosquito flight range of extensive freshwater swamps and wetlands, larval mosquito control of natural wetlands would be impractical and prohibitively costly. The people of the town have to rely on self-protection measures in times of high mosquito numbers, which is generally between January and July. Average weekly Culex annulirostris grp. numbers from Jabiru increased significantly from 1229 in 2003/04 to 1617 in 2004/05 (Table 20). There was a considerable increase in average adult mosquito numbers per trap in 2004/05 (1787), compared to 2003/04


(1350) (Table 20). Culex annulirostris and Cx. palpalis (combined as Cx. annulirostris grp.) accounted for the majority of adult mosquitoes trapped in Jabiru (Table 20). Coquillettidia xanthogaster numbers increased considerably from an average of 58 per trap in 2003/04 to an average of 113 per trap in 2004/05 (Table 20). Mansonia uniformis numbers decreased from an average of 34 per trap in 2003/04 to an average of 28 per trap in 2004/05 (Table 20). Both of these species breed in association with emergent vegetation such as grasses and semi-aquatic vegetation, with larvae attaching themselves to the roots of the host plants (Lee et al. 1988a, Lee et al. 1988b). Mansonia uniformis are also found in association with aquatic plants (Lee et al. 1988b). The considerable increase in Cq. xanthogaster numbers in 2004/05 compared to 2003/04 could have been due to the dry wet season increasing the area of shallow, flooded areas with high emergent vegetation and semi/aquatic vegetation growth. Major mosquito breeding sites within 10km of Jabiru include the large Magela floodplain to the north and extensive floodplains associated with the South Alligator River (Nourlangie Swamp) to the south west. Smaller mosquito sources located nearby to the township include Baralil Creek to the east, and Corndorl Creek to the west. Higher Cx. annulirostris grp. numbers in Jabiru are associated with years of lower rainfall, particularly at the tail end of the rainfall period (Fig. 7, Jabiru annual regional report 2004/05). Higher and extended seasonal rainfall causes breeding sites to be flooded with deeper water, allowing widespread fish access and allowing aquatic insect populations to establish. Deeper water also discourages dense semi-aquatic reed growth and emergent vegetation, which results in less favourable breeding sites during the wet season and during the early dry season when floodwaters recede. The lower rainfall in 2004/05 compared to 2003/04 resulted in the higher average Cx. annulirostris grp. numbers.

5.2.3 Rainfall & Disease case data There were two cases of RRV disease in Jabiru in 2004/05, compared to five cases the previous year (Fig. 8A). Numbers of confirmed RRV disease cases in Jabiru are consistently lower than other regional towns in the Northern Territory, with the exception of Alyangula (Fig. 8A). The low number of RRV disease cases in Jabiru may be due to a discrepancy between the number of notified RRV disease cases and the actual number of annual RRV disease cases in Jabiru. Underestimated RRV disease cases may be partly due to people not presenting themselves to medical practitioners when experiencing symptoms of RRV, as they know there is no specific treatment or cure, or a change in the resident medical practitioner resulting in a change in blood testing practices for suspect cases. Underestimated RRV disease cases may also be partly due to increased public awareness about personal protection from mosquitoes, or population decrease, or reduced population change and corresponding increase in overall population immunity. It is possible that all of the above has occurred.


Jabiru has a relatively small population (approx. 2000 people). It is likely that over time most of the long term residents have been exposed to the virus. As immunity is developed after being infected once with RRV, over time it is likely that fewer long-term residents in Jabiru will be at risk of contracting RRV, resulting in lower annual reported cases. Jabiru has consistently higher average numbers of Cx. annulirostris grp. compared to Darwin or any other major population centre in the NT (Fig. 8B). Average numbers of the other RRV vector species Ochlerotatus vigilax and Oc. normanensis in Jabiru are generally low and are not likely to cause an appreciable or extended virus risk (Table 20). The low number of RRV disease cases in Jabiru can also be attributed to Cx. annulirostris grp. numbers generally being greater during the early to mid dry seasons (Fig. 8B), which is outside the peak risk period of January to March (Table 17). As well as low virus activity when Cx. annulirostris grp. numbers are highest, the longevity of the mosquito is possibly reduced during these dry season months of lower humidity. The reduction in life span decreases the chance of the mosquito surviving long enough to pick up the virus from a marsupial host, survive for 3-5 days when the virus multiplies in the mosquito, and then pass on the virus to a human during its next blood meal. The level of immunity in local animal host populations also plays a key role in RRV transmission. A relatively large proportion of non-immune animals in a host population provides a risk of a relatively large number of animals becoming infected with RRV, which in turn can infect local mosquitoes and lead to local RRV transmission. With a reduced burning regime and less open areas of grass near Jabiru, the local population of agile wallabies may be reduced and hence affect RRV transmission levels. It is also possible that any year of higher than normal RRV disease cases may be a result of an increase in local virus activity that occurs in natural cycles that are as yet beyond our understanding (Russell, 1994). There was a slight decrease in RRV disease cases in Jabiru from five cases in 2003/04 to two cases in 2004/05 (Fig. 8A). This occurred with a corresponding increase in average weekly numbers of Cx. annulirostris grp. The slight decrease in RRV cases for 2004/05 could be attributed to a number of factors such as greater awareness shown by the public, lower virus activity in host animals or lower blood testing of suspected cases. No cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease were recorded in 2004/05 (Fig. 2, Jabiru annual regional report 2004/05). The peak risk period for BFV transmission is the same as for RRV transmission (January to March, Table 17). Culex annulirostris grp., Oc. vigilax and Oc. normanensis are the main vector species for BFV. No cases of the potentially fatal disease Murray Valley encephalitis (MVEV) were recorded from Jabiru in 2004/05 (Table 16), although Cx. annulirostris grp. numbers, the main vector for MVEV, were high. The peak risk period for MVEV is from March to May (Table 17). Higher numbers of vector mosquitoes in Jabiru tend to occur after or during the latter stages of the peak risk period (from April until August, Fig. 8B), which partly explains why Jabiru has not had a reported case of MVEV disease. Also, the longevity of Cx. annulirostris is possibly reduced in these months of cooler temperatures


and low humidity, minimising the probability of a female mosquito living long enough to obtain and pass on the MVE virus. Generally only one in 1000 people infected with MVEV develop symptoms, therefore a large proportion of long-term residents may have immunity. High risk people such as visitors from areas where MVEV is not present, and young babies and children, may practice or be offered self-protection measures, due to public awareness notices advising people to avoid being bitten. The low population of Jabiru and self awareness of residents to guard against mosquito bites may also serve to minimise the likelihood of MVEV transmission in Jabiru. Another explanation is that historically MVEV disease cases are generally lower in the Top End of the NT, with MVEV activity being greater in the Alice Springs, Barkly and Katherine regions (Table 19). There was high MVEV activity throughout the Northern Territory in 2004/05. There were 12 seroconversions to MVEV for the entire financial year, with seroconversions occurring in all regions except Alice Springs (Table 18). This included three seroconversions at Jabiru. Despite the high MVEV activity throughout the Northern Territory, there was only one recorded case at Oenpelli (Table 16). No cases of MVEV were recorded at Jabiru, which could have been due to increased personal protection by residents and visitors as a result of DHCS media warnings advising people to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

5.3 Nhulunbuy

5.3.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy A total of 39 mosquito species were recorded from the Gove Peninsula in 2004/05. There were no new mosquito species recorded in the Gove area in 2004/05. The most important mosquito species found in Nhulunbuy are shown in Table 22. For a complete species list, refer to the Nhulunbuy Annual Regional Report (2004/05).

5.3.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program There are now six routine adult mosquito-monitoring sites in Nhulunbuy, after another trap site was established at the Industrial Estate in November 2004. Traps are currently located at Wallaby Beach, Buffalo Creek, Rear Jasper, Contractors Village, the Industrial Estate and Nhulunbuy South. Environmental Health Officers from the Department of Health and Community Services set and collect the traps on a weekly basis during the wet season and fortnightly during the dry season. The mosquitoes are sent to the Medical Entomology Branch in Darwin for identification. Once identified, the results are forwarded to the Nhulunbuy Corporation, Nhulunbuy Environmental Health Officers and Arnhem Land Pest Control, who then coordinate mosquito control as required.


The requirement for adult mosquito control (fogging) is based on adult mosquito monitoring figures. A fogging threshold has been set for the mosquito species Ochlerotatus vigilax and Culex annulirostris. Fogging once a week will be carried out when numbers of Cx. annulirostris exceed 100/trap night at any of the relevant trap locations. The recommended fogging frequency increases to three times a week on occasions when over 200/trap night of this species is recorded. When Oc. vigilax numbers exceed 50/trap night, fogging is also conducted three times a week (Montgomery & Love 1995). There are two data tables displaying the average adult mosquito numbers per trap night for 2004/05 in Nhulunbuy due to the additional routine adult trap site established in November 2004. The additional trap site was established as part of an NT wide increase in mosquito surveillance programs in response to the detection of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek in February 2004. Table 22 does not use the data collected for the new trap site, but shows only the average numbers of selected species caught using the records for the five traps continuously set and collected since 1994/95. Table 22A uses not only the continuous weekly trap records, but incorporates all data collected as part of the Nhulunbuy routine adult trapping program since 1990/91, including the new Industrial Estate trap results. For comparative purposes figures referred to in this section will be taken from Table 22A. The average numbers of mosquitoes caught per trap night in 2004/05 have risen from 202.34 last year to 268.42 this year. The average numbers this year were slightly lower than the highest ever average numbers recorded in Nhulunbuy (268.83) in 2001/02 (Table 22A). The results show that Cx. annulirostris and Oc. vigilax were the most prevalent species recorded in Nhulunbuy in 2004/05. The data shows that Cx. annulirostris recorded 73.51 and Oc. vigilax 124.56 average weekly numbers caught per trap night in the routine CO2 trapping program (Table 22 A). Other results to note from the 2004/05 adult trapping period was that Anopheles farauti s.l. and Mansonia uniformis also recorded high average numbers in 2004/05. Mansonia uniformis had their second highest average numbers since 1990/91 and An. farauti s.l. the highest average numbers since 1999/00 (Table 22A). The two major pest species of mosquito in Gove that are Oc. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris. Ochlerotatus vigilax breeds in brackish waters and Cx. annulirostris is a freshwater breeder. However, overlap of breeding areas can sometimes occur, as in the Special Lease 270, where during the early wet season Oc. vigilax will breed, but as the waters salinity levels become diluted as a result of the increasing rainfall, Cx. annulirostris can be found breeding in sites usually utilised by Oc. vigilax. Each species usually peaks at separate times of the year, as their breeding biology differs and they require different environmental conditions to optimise their breeding. Ochlerotatus vigilax breeds in tidal pools and marshes and numbers usually peak in the very late dry and early wet season. Culex annulirostris however breeds in freshwater pools, swamps and drains, and has a peak abundance period usually in the late wet season and early dry season.


Ochlerotatus vigilax numbers have continued to increase over the past three financial periods, with this financial year recording the highest average number per trap night for this species since 1990/91 (Tables 22 and 22A). The routine trap sites that usually record high numbers of Oc. vigilax in Nhulunbuy are Buffalo Creek, Wallaby Beach, Contractors Village and Nhulunbuy South. This is due to the sites being in close proximity to five of the major salt marsh mosquito breeding areas on the upper tidal areas of No Name Creek, the reclaimed red mud ponds (SPL270), Crocodile Creek, the western mudflats and Buffalo Creek. There were high numbers of Oc. vigilax detected during routine trapping at the above mentioned sites on the 15, 22 and 29 of January 2005 (see Nhulunbuy Annual Regional Report 2004/05). Historically there have been large-scale emergences of Oc. vigilax detected on the Gove Peninsula following the early monsoonal rains (see Nhulunbuy Annual Regional Report 2003/04). The highest levels of Oc. vigilax were detected at the Wallaby Beach, Nhulunbuy South, Buffalo Creek and Contractors Village trap sites on 15 December 2004. During the following three trapping periods (22 & 29 January, 4 February) Oc. vigilax numbers at these trap sites steadily declined, but still remained at low to moderate pest numbers (see Nhulunbuy Annual Regional Report 2004/05). The large-scale salt marsh mosquito emergence detected on 15 January 2005 was probably due to a combination of tidal and rain events. The 3.04 to 3.15 metre high tides between 26 and 31 December and the 127.2mm of rain that were recorded between 24 December 2004 and 3 January 2005 would have caused extensive flooding and pooling in the major potential salt marsh mosquito breeding sites around Nhulunbuy (data from Bureau of Meteorology). These breeding sites include the depressions in the upper tidal areas of Buffalo Creek, Freshwater Creek, the western mudflats, Crocodile Creek, and the large network of drains and depressions on the SPL270. Culex annulirostris breeds in permanent and temporary freshwater pools and swamps, vegetated drains and pools in grassy areas. In 2004/05 numbers of this species began to rise during the late wet season and remained high until the early dry season. When water levels start to recede during the early dry season, the exposed marginal vegetation protects mosquito larvae from predators, allowing numbers of this species to become elevated. At the Nhulunbuy Lagoon the main breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris are amongst the Typha and Eleocharis. At Contractors Village the main sources of Cx. annulirostris are probably the upper regions of Freshwater Creek, pools and paperbark swamps in the natural drainage path that runs into the southeastern corner of the western mudflats, and the stormwater drain west of the village. The major breeding site around the Wallaby Beach trap site is the SPL270, known as the reclaimed red mud ponds. There were moderate levels of Cx. annulirostris detected at the Wallaby Beach trap site after the first monsoonal rainfalls filled the large depressions in the SPL270. Moderate levels of this species remained comparatively constant at this trap site until the end of April, when the water in the depressions began to dry out. However, Cx. annulirostris numbers detected at the Contractors Village and Rear Jasper trap sites were low during the January and February trapping period, before rising to high levels at the end of March 2005. The difference in emergence patterns for Cx. annulirostris adults at these sites


indicates that the SPL270 breeding sites are more likely to be productive after the initial monsoonal activity, while the other two major breeding sites for this species become more productive at the end of the wet season and during the early dry season. This is probably due to the fact that the breeding sites at Contractors Village and Rear Jasper are flushed out with the first wet season rains. The increase in water levels along the creek lines and in the lagoon allows the breeding sites to become accessible to predators such as fish and dragonfly and mayfly nymphs. Later, as the water levels begin to fall and the reeds and vegetation become emergent around the water margins, the areas become a suitable habitat for mosquito larvae to hide from predators. These sites can remain productive during the early dry season, as long as there is still water present and lodged reeds and grasses can shelter the larvae from insect and fish predation., These conditions differ from the breeding sites at the SPL270, which are less permanent sources of water, and form when natural depressions in the rehabilitated landscape become flooded after large rainfall events. The pools tend to dry up as soon as the rainfall decreases, and by the early dry season they are no longer contain viable breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris. The average numbers of Mansonia uniformis caught per trap night were the second highest on record since 1990/91 (Table 22A). The larvae of this species attach themselves to aquatic vegetation by a modified siphon and obtain oxygen from the plants, while feeding on suspended material in the water column. They breed in permanent and semi permanent swamps with emergent vegetation, such as Typha and Eleocharis reeds and lilies, and the roots of pandanus and paperbarks trees. The Nhulunbuy Lagoon is the main breeding site for Ma. uniformis. The large numbers of this species that were detected at the Rear Jasper trap site during April and May were probably a result of the high levels of rain that fell in Nhulunbuy during March this year. While the overall yearly rainfall (1263.8mm) was close to the annual average (1443.8mm), the rainfall recorded for March 2005 was 503.4mm, compared to the March average of 253.6. This significant late wet season rainfall probably allowed the lagoon to maintain highly productive breeding sites for Ma. uniformis between early April and early May.

5.3.3 Rainfall & Disease case data In 2004/05, twelve cases of Ross River virus (RRV) disease (Table 14) and two cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease (Table 15) were recorded in East Arnhem. Of these, eight RRV disease cases and one BFV disease case were recorded in Nhulunbuy and Yirrkala. The number of RRV disease cases in Nhulunbuy is similar to previous years (Fig. 8A). There were 2 BFV disease cases recorded in East Arnhem in 2004/05, which is on the lower end of the scale when compared to other years. RRV and BFV disease cases mainly occurred during the wet season. Ochlerotatus vigilax and Culex annulirostris are the main vectors for these diseases and were both recorded in high numbers in the January to March period (Fig. 8A). Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease cases in the East Arnhem region have been relatively low since the outbreak of these diseases in 1991/92 (Tables 14 and 15). The normal expected incidence of each of these diseases in the East Arnhem region is about five cases (Fig. 10).


The total annual rainfall for Nhulunbuy in 2004/05 was average (Fig. 16). However, the monthly rainfall pattern for the wet season showed average rainfall in November, December, January and February, while rainfall recorded for March was almost double the average monthly rainfall, and April received less than a quarter of the average rainfall for that month (data from the Bureau of Meteorology). The first monsoonal rains arrived at the end of December, with 127.2mm of rainfall falling over an eight-day period. High rainfall combined with a high tide event at the end of December, probably caused the high levels of Oc. vigilax in Nhulunbuy in January. The high numbers of Oc. vigilax in Nhulunbuy during the peak RRV season (January to February) probably contributed to the average numbers of RRV disease cases diagnosed in the 2004/05 period (Fig. 8A). Culex annulirostris is a freshwater breeder. The high average numbers of this species detected during the last financial year are probably a result of heavy breeding in the Nhulunbuy Lagoon and Freshwater Creek near Contractors Village. Larval survey and control operations were carried out in these areas during the periods when high numbers of this species were detected. However, it is possible that some breeding sites were not detected. Some areas in the lagoon can also be inaccessible during the wet season, which means that larval survey and control operations can sometimes not be carried out at these sites. The sentinel chicken program is designed to detect flaviviruses activity such as Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjun virus (KUNV), as well as exotic flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the NT. The sentinel chicken flocks are being maintained, bled monthly and analysed for flavivirus activity in a combined program between the University of Western Australia, the NT Department of Business, Industries & Resource Development, the NT Department of Health & Community Services, and the volunteer sentinel chicken managers. In Nhulunbuy the flock is located in a residential area in the vicinity of the Nhulunbuy Lagoon and is managed by Hazel and Richard Trudgeon. In 2004/05 one chicken seroconverted to Murray Valley encephalitis virus, four to Kunjun virus, and one to MVE/KUNV, Nhulunbuy (Table 18). Generally, MVEV and KUNV activity in Nhulunbuy and the East Arnhem region is low (Table 19). There has only been one recorded case of Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease in the East Arnhem region over the last 30 years, which was in 1981 on Groote Eylandt (Table 16).

5.3.4 Larval Mosquito Control Program Tony O’Riley from the Nhulunbuy Corporation and Dave Suter from Arnhem Pest Control carry out larval surveys in liaison with the Medical Entomology Branch. High tides (over 2.9-3.0 m) or significant rain (in excess of 20 mm in 24 h) determine the need for larval surveys. Breeding sites are visited about 2-3 days after rain or high tide events. Larval controls are carried out using Abate 10SG (granules) for manual control, and Abate 100E (liquid) and Bti when using spray equipment. Larval surveys are limited to areas accessible during the wet season. Some parts of the western mudflats become inaccessible during the wet season and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the Special Lease 270


are only accessible from the edges. Larval control with Bti is therefore limited to the areas that can be controlled by all terrain vehicle spray equipment. To enable more effective larval control operations, particularly at large sites where control is difficult by all terrain vehicles, and to try and reduce the large scale breeding of Ochlerotatus vigilax at the start of the wet season, aerial control has been recommended. The recommended aerial control will target major salt marsh mosquito breeding sites at strategic times (after the first major rain events) using a residual insecticide (Altosand). In 2004/05 methoprene briquettes were used for larval control at Crocodile Creek, Buffalo Creek, and in the Eleocharis reed area in the Nhulunbuy Lagoon. Control measures were effective in reducing Oc. vigilax numbers at the Buffalo Creek, Rear Jasper and Contractors Village trap sites during the first flooding cycle of the wet season, which occurred during late December 2004. However, due to access difficulties at some of the breeding sites at the SPL270 and Crocodile Creek, larval control operations using Bti were not possible and large numbers of adults were detected at the Wallaby Beach trap site in early January 2005. Access for larval control also proved difficult at major Oc. vigilax breeding sites at the top of No Name Creek, where high numbers of adult mosquitoes were detected in early January 2005 at the Nhulunbuy South trap site. The Nhulunbuy Corporation also organises weediciding of Typha in the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, which contributes to the reduction of mosquito breeding habitats of Cx. annulirostris, Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia xanthogaster.

5.4 Katherine

5.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine The most important species recorded in Katherine in 2004/05 are shown in Table 23 and 25. For a complete list of species, refer to the Katherine Annual Regional Report 2004/05. No species unknown to the Katherine region were recorded in 2004/05.

5.4.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program There were six regular mosquito monitoring sites located in Katherine in 2004/05. The Brigalow Farm (Dairy Dam), Meatworks and the Sewage Ponds trap sites are continuous monitoring sites. The Hickeys Lake and O’Keefe trap sites were established in 2001/02 to increase the monitoring potential close to a large mosquito breeding site and close to the urban area (Katherine Annual Regional Report 2001/02). The trap at Hickey’s Lake is only operated during the wet season, as the area is dry during the dry season. A further trap site was established in November 2004 at the Government Centre as part of the Aedes aegypti eradication program in Tennant Creek to monitor the possible incursion of this species into Katherine. Traps are set and collected on a fortnightly basis by a DHCS officer (Charlie Griffiths) who assists the regional Environmental Health Officer. The results of the Medical


Entomology Branch identification of adult mosquitoes are forwarded to the DHCS Environmental Health Officer, Gabrielle Halcrow, in Katherine, who then coordinates mosquito control with the local Katherine Council or other landholders. There was a dramatic decrease in the average number of adult mosquitoes per trap night collected from the three continuous routine adult monitoring sites in 2004/05 (27) compared to 2003/04 (137) (Table 23). This has been the lowest ever recorded since the routine monitoring program was established in 1990/91 (Table 23). Low mosquito numbers were primarily due to low annual rainfall in 2004/05 (862mm) compared to previous years (Figs 8A and 8B).

The total annual rainfall for Katherine in 2004/05 was 862 mm (data obtained from Bureau of Meteorology). During this 12 month period 164 mm of rain fell in December, 290mm in January, 103mm in February and 228mm in March. Culex annulirostris numbers peaked in February at all adult routine monitoring sites, with highest numbers (113) recorded at the Dairy Dam (Katherine Annual Regional Report 2004/05). These numbers are extremely low and are due to low rainfall and thus less water pooling in grassy areas in 2004/05, providing less optimal breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris compared to previous years (Fig. 8B).

In 2004/05 O’Keefe Residence was the most prolific trapping site out of all routine monitoring sites, with 35.39% of the total catch, followed by the Dairy Dam with 27.47% and the Meatworks with 19.77% (Katherine Annual Regional Report 2004/05). O’Keefe Residence was the most prolific trapping site due to high numbers of Ochlerotatus notoscriptus breeding in artificial containers on the premises.

5.4.3 Routine Mosquito Larval Survey and Control Program There has been regular larval survey and control activities of the prime mosquito breeding areas in Katherine (Table 25). A Katherine DHCS Health Officer (Charlie Griffiths) carries out the larval survey program on a weekly basis. The larvae samples are sent to the MEB for identification. The results of the MEB identifications are forwarded to the DHCS Environmental Health Officer in Katherine, who then coordinates mosquito control with the local council or other landholders as above.

Culex annulirostris was the predominant species detected. It was detected 26 times with a total of 705 larvae recovered during the surveys (Table 25). The second most common species was Culex quinquefasciatus. It was detected 16 times with a total of 312 larvae recovered (Tables 26).

In 2004/05 the town sites were the most prolific breeding sites, with Cx. annulirostris being detected 15 times with a total of 382 larvae (Table 25). Numbers of Culex quinquefasciatus were also highest at the town sites, where the species was detected 13 times with a total of 293 larvae (Table 25).


5.4.4 Rainfall & Disease case data High Ross River virus (RRV) disease cases seem to coincide with high rainfall and the start of an increase in Culex annulirostris numbers and the arrival of Ochlerotatus vigilax (Figs 8A and 8B). November through to March is the highest risk period for RRV disease. In the 2004/05 wet season, Katherine experienced low rainfall from December to March compared to previous years and Cx. annulirostris numbers remained low (Katherine Annual Regional Report 2004/05). Thus, RRV disease cases remained low, with only a total of seven cases reported for the whole financial year 2004/05 (Fig. 8A).

There were no cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease reported in Katherine town in 2004/05. Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2004/05 are summarised in Table 18. The highest risk period for MVEV disease in Katherine is March to May (Table 19). There was one seroconversion to MVEV in January, two in February and one in June 2005 (Table 18) but no MVEV disease cases were reported.

5.5 Tennant Creek

5.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek The most important species recorded in Tennant Creek in 2004/05 are shown in Table 27. For a complete list of species found, refer to the Tennant Creek Annual Regional Report 2004/05. The exotic mosquito Aedes aegypti has not been found in Tennant Creek since December 2004. For details see Section 4.

5.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program The routine adult mosquito monitoring in Tennant Creek is only conducted during the wet season. However, due to the incursion of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti routine trapping was conducted between November and June in 2004/05. Monitoring commenced following significant rainfall of 26mm in November 2004. There were three regular routine trap sites in 2004/05. The average number of female mosquitoes per trap night for all species at routine sites in 2004/05 was 5 compared to 87 for the 2003/04 mosquito monitoring period (Table 27). This was due to less summer rainfall (Dec – Feb) in 2004/05 (104mm) compared to 2003/04 (366mm) and ongoing mosquito control efforts within the Ae. aegypti eradication project. In 2004/05 the average numbers per trap night were extremely low, with highest average numbers recorded for Culex annulirostris with 1.86, and Culex quinquefasciatuss with 1 per trap night (Table 27). The Sewage Ponds remained the most prolific site with 65.77% of the total catch, followed by Ford Crescent with 21.56% (see Tennant Creek Annual Regional Report 2004/05).


5.5.3 Rainfall & Disease case data Ross River virus disease cases in Tennant Creek are associated with high summer rainfall (November to March) due to the increasing number of Culex annulirostris. November through to March is the highest risk period for Ross River virus disease. In the 2004/05 wet season, between November and March, Tennant Creek experienced less rainfall (107mm) compared to the previous year (467mm). As a result, mosquito numbers remained low, and no Ross River virus disease cases were reported in 2004/05 compared to 5 cases in 2003/04 (Fig. 8A). There were no Barmah Forest virus disease cases reported in Tennant Creek in 2004/05. Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2004/05 are summarised in Table 18. The risk period for MVEV disease in Tennant Creek is from February to May, in correlation with the highest rainfall and the highest Cx. annulirostris numbers (Figs 8A and 8B, Table 19). One chicken seroconverted to MVEV in March in Tennant Creek in 2004/05 but no MVEV disease cases were reported.

5.6 Alice Springs

5.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs The most important species recorded in Alice Springs in 2004/05 are shown in Table 28. For a complete list of species found, refer to the Alice Springs Annual Regional Report (2004/05). Tripteroides punctolateralis was collected for the first time in the routine Old Timers CO2 monitoring trap in September 2004. This species has only been collected once in the Alice Springs region in Willora in April 2004 during virus collections. This species breeds in tree holes and artificial containers but is not known to carry diseases. There have been no Culex gelidus recorded from Alice Springs since 2001, probably due to the draining of the Ilparpa Swamp and less rainfall.

5.6.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program There are seven regular mosquito monitoring sites located in Alice Springs, with traps set and collected on a weekly basis by the Alice Springs Town Council Environmental Health Officer.The MEB carries out the identifications and forwards the results to the Environmental Health Officer at the Alice Springs Town Council, who then coordinates mosquito control. In the past, high levels of effluent discharge from the Ilparpa Sewage facility into the Ilparpa Swamp has led to extensive mosquito breeding. In 2001/02 a drainage system incorporating a culvert in Ilparpa Road, was constructed. The drainage system ensures


rapid removal of water from the swamp into St. Marys Creek, resulting in the reduction of mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp and the risk of disease outbreaks. Average numbers of female adult mosquitoes collected in the continuous weekly routine adult monitoring program decreased in 2004/05 (79) compared to 2003/04 (149), which is the lowest since 1997/98 (Table 28). Low average mosquito numbers were due to very low summer rainfall (Dec – Feb) (16mm) (Fig. 8B) combined with the successful drainage of the Ilparpa Swamp.

In 2004/05 the highest average number from the continuous routine monitoring traps was recorded for Culex globocoxitus with an average number of 76 per trap night. Average numbers of all other species recorded was one or less per trap night (Table 28). The Ilparpa Swamp A routine trap site adjacent to the lower section of Ilparpa Swamp was the most prolific collection site with 35% of the total catch, followed by Greatorex Road with 32% (Table 1, Alice Springs Annual Regional Report 2004/05).

5.6.3 Routine Larval Mosquito Control Program Eleven larval survey and control operations of the prime mosquito breeding areas in the Alice Springs urban areas were conducted in 2004/05 (Tables 30 and 42.7). The program is carried out ad hoc after heavy rain by the Alice Springs Environmental Health Officer in the Alice Springs Town Council. The result of the MEB identification of larval mosquitoes are forwarded to the Environmental Health Officer, who then coordinates mosquito control with the local Council Officers or other responsible authorities for other than Council land. Culex australicus was the predominant species controlled. It was detected five times with a total number of 45 larvae recovered, followed by Cx. globocoxitus and Cx. quinquefasciatus which were detected four times with a total of 36 and 71 larvae respectively (Table 30). The most prolific sites were St Mary’s drain and creek (culvert under railway), Lot 7746 (Lettuce Farm site 1 and 2) and swamp A (Table 30). It is suggested that the St Mary’s and Lettuce Farm sites be targeted by the Alice Springs Town Council for rectification works to permanently remove these as larval breeding sites. No regular mosquito larval control is carried out in the Ilparpa Swamp due to the size (approximately 100 ha) and inaccessibility of the swamp, and the lack of local aerial control equipment. When vector mosquito numbers exceed control thresholds in the routine adult mosquito monitoring traps, adult fogging operations are conducted around the swamp margins using ULV equipment mounted on a vehicle. However, mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp can be reduced through controlled effluent release from the sewage ponds into the swamp. To reduce the availability of potential breeding habitat, the timing and location of effluent release is crucial. The MEB recommends effluent release into the swamp A area (eastern end) through the EP7 outlet pipe, as this greatly reduces the swamp area available for mosquito breeding. In an


emergency, effluent might also be released into the swamp B area (western end). To allow summer rain and related effluent flows to be retained in the ponds, effluent discharge should occur during the winter (between May and August) season. Effluent should not be released after the end of August or September if possible, to allow the swamps to dry up before summer rain and higher temperatures promote the breeding of Cx. annulirostris. It is also recommended there be an operational policy by PAWA to dispose of as much effluent as possible through managed sprinkling during the summer period to reduce the need for summer effluent release.

5.6.4 Rainfall & Disease case data In Alice Springs, the number of Ross River virus (RRV) disease cases correlates with high average numbers of Culex annulirostris (over 300) and accumulated summer rainfall >100mm (Tables 8A and 8B, Whelan et al. 2003). High summer rainfall (Dec – Feb) is likely to result in localised flooding and pooling that creates breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris, the main vector for RRV disease. There were only two Ross River virus (RRV) disease cases reported in Alice Springs in 2004/05 (Fig. 8A). This is most likely due to the low accumulated summer rainfall of only 16mm (Dec-Feb) in Alice Springs (Bureau of Meteorology), resulting in a low average number of Cx. annulirostris (0.60) collected in the four routine trap sites (Table 28). There were five cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease reported in Alice Springs in 2004/05 (Fig. 6, Alice Springs Annual Regional Report 2004/05). The number of reported BFV disease cases is usually much lower then for RRV disease. It is unknown why relatively higher numbers of BF cases were recorded this year as well as last year. The highest risk period for mosquito borne disease in the Alice Springs region is between January and May when Cx. annulirostris numbers are highest due to high summer rainfall (Fig. 8B). Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) seroconversions of sentinel chicken flocks occur in Alice Springs primarily between February and June (Table 19). During this time there is an increased potential risk of an MVEV disease outbreak. However, in 2004/05 no chickens seroconverted to MVEV (Table 18). This indicates the low potential for human cases of MVEV disease, as birds usually get infected before human cases occur.

5.7 Groote Eylandt

5.7.1 Mosquito species recorded in Groote Eylandt The most important species recorded on Groote Eylandt in 2004/05 are shown in Table 32. For a complete list of species found on Groote Eylandt, refer to the Groote Eylandt Annual Regional Report 2004/05. A total of 23 mosquito species were recorded on Groote Eylandt in 2004/05.


5.7.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program The Groote Eylandt Mining Company (Gemco) Environmental Adviser organises adult mosquito collections at three sites on a fortnightly basis using CO2 baited EVS traps. The mosquitoes are sent to the Medical Entomology Branch in Darwin for identification. Once identified, the results are forwarded to the Environmental Officer at Gemco, who then coordinates mosquito control when required. The average number of mosquitoes per trap night in Alyangula in 2004/05 was 20.53 (Table 32). This is the lowest average number of mosquitoes per trap night since 1995/96 (Table 32). The prevalent species caught during 2004/05 were the brown house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, comprising 34.96 % of the total mosquitoes trapped, followed by Ochlerotatus vigilax, with 17.96% (see Groote Eylandt Annual Regional Report 2004/05). There have been high numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus detected in previous years on Groote Eylandt, with the highest average numbers per trap night in 2002/03 (20.5). In 2004/05 the average mosquito numbers per trap night for this species has decreased to 7.18 (Table 32). Culex quinquefasciatus has historically been detected in large numbers at the mine trap site. This was also the case in 2004/05 with 419 of the 445 specimens identified as Cx. quinquefasciatus at this trap site (see Groote Eylandt Annual Regional Report 2004/05). A number of potential breeding sites for this species have been identified at the mine site, including open drains, the sewage treatment ponds and wastewater pooling at the rear of the plant. Since July 2003 these sites have been treated with methoprene briquettes at the start of each wet season, as part of the mosquito control programme run by the Gemco Environmental Branch. Since then, numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus have declined, so that in 2004/05 the average numbers per trap night for this species are the third lowest since 1995/96 (Table 32). This indicates that although Cx. quinquefasciatus recorded the highest average numbers per trap night for 2004/05 on Groote Eylandt, its declining numbers since 2002/03 can probably be attributed to a successful methoprene treatment program. Ochlerotatus vigilax breeds in coastal areas flooded by high tides and rain. In the Top End, the development from egg to adult mosquito takes about six days. The eggs are laid on moist sediment and then hatch and develop during the following flooding period. It takes about ten days from the flooding event to the dispersal of adult mosquitoes towards human settlements. The average number of 3.56 Oc. vigilax caught per trap night in 2004/05 was the second lowest recorded in the Groote Eylandt adult trapping program since 1995/96 (Table 32). This contrasts sharply with the average numbers per trap night for this species in the previous two years, with an average of 43.2 in 2002/03 and 37.48 in 2003/04 (Table 32). In 2002/03 and 2003/04 Oc. vigilax was detected in large numbers at all three routine adult trap sites. This indicated wide spread breeding of this species at a number of identified breeding sites around the Alyangula township and the mine site (Angurugu). It is possible that the high levels of salt marsh mosquitoes recorded in 2002/03 and 2003/04 were a result of the fortnightly trapping pattern missing the peak abundance times of Oc.


vigilax during previous years. However, it is more likely that the numbers were due to the unusually high rainfall in January and late December, combined with the highest spring tides of the year in each of these periods (see MEB Annual Branch Report 2003/04). The decrease in Oc. vigilax levels recorded on Groote Eylandt in 2004/05 is probably due to the early monsoonal rainfall and the early wet season spring tides. The rainfall recorded at Alyangula in 2004/05 was a lot less compared to the two previous years, and was below the average yearly rainfall levels. Total rainfall for December 2004 was 144mm and for January 2005 was 108.2mm, compared with the averages for these months of 163mm and 219.9mm respectively (data from the Bureau of Meteorology). In the previous two financial years significant rainfall events (153.5mm of rain over a nine day period in December 2003, and 320mm over a four day period in January 2003) combined with large spring tides of over 2.2 metres to inundate large areas of salt marsh on Groote Eylandt. This probably caused the emergence of high numbers of adult Oc. vigilax during these periods. The low levels of rainfall recorded in December 2004 and January 2005 did not coincide with any significant high spring tides (over 2.2 metres), and thus did not result in any large-scale breeding of Oc. vigilax. The moderate numbers of adult Oc. vigilax recorded on the 5 January at the three CO2 adult monitoring traps on Groote Eylandt, were probably a result of the 33mm of rain that fell two days after the 2.21 – 2.24 metre spring tides on the 14, 15 and 16 December 2004 (see Alyangula Annual Regional Report 2004/05). The major breeding sites of Oc. vigilax affecting Alyangula are the coastal breeding sites near the golf club, the upper reaches of the mangrove creeks east of the road to Deception Bay, near the Ngadumiyarka community (‘Little Paradise’) and on Connexion Island. It is possible that Connexion Island is the major source of the high Oc. vigilax numbers at Alyangula. However, there may be considerable local breeding in the coastal sandstone pools on the escarpment between Alyangula and the coastline in the northwest. The potential of the sandstone pools and Connexion Island as sources of breeding is reflected by higher numbers of Oc. vigilax caught near the township compared to the mine site. The former two areas are reasonably accessible for larval control, whereas the latter two require a greater effort and larger resources to survey and control.

5.7.3 Rainfall & Disease case data Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease cases on Groote Eylandt have been relatively low since a small outbreak of these diseases in the 1992/93 financial year (Fig. 8A). One to five cases per year of both diseases seem to reflect the normal status. Ross River virus (RRV) disease cases occur mostly during or at the end of the wet season. In 2004/05 RRV disease cases were low, with only two reported cases of Ross River virus (RRV) disease on Groote Eylandt, one from Alyangula and one from Umbakumba. There was also one reported case of Barrmah Forest virus (BFV) disease from Alyangula.


6. MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NT

6.1 Ross River virus disease Ross River virus (RRV) disease is the most commonly occurring arbovirus disease in the NT. RRV is a mosquito borne alpha virus, which is the cause of RRV disease, previously known as epidemic polyarthritis. The vectors for RRV in the coastal and sub-coastal areas of the Top End are Ochlerotatus vigilax and Culex annulirostris, with Cx. annulirostris and Oc. normanensis the probable main vectors in inland areas. Ochlerotatus normanensis commonly occurs sub-coastally south of Darwin to around the Tennant Creek area. It has recently been collected in Alice Springs. Culex annulirostris is the main vector in most inland areas and is the principal vector in Central Australia. The isolation of RRV from the domestic receptacle breeding mosquito Oc. notoscriptus was first documented in the NT and more recently in Queensland and New South Wales (Russell 2002). Recent information on its vector competence indicates that this species may play a part as an urban vector of RRV in the NT in situations where vector numbers are relatively high and RRV disease cases are present. There were 173 laboratory notifications of RRV infection in the NT in 2004/05, compared to 203 in 2003/04 (Table 14, Figs 10 and 11). In 2004/05 fewer cases (136) occurred in the Darwin region (Table14, Fig. 10) with a peak in February (40), (Table 12, Fig. 11). The decrease in RRV disease cases reflects the successful increased aerial mosquito control effort this year in Darwin, reducing average numbers of Cx. annulirostris (83.16) and Oc. vigilax (23.28) per trap per trap night compared to 147.93 and 63.13 last year (Table 9). For more detailed information, refer to rainfall and disease case data of specific regions above.

6.2 Barmah Forest virus disease Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease is the second most common arbovirus disease in the NT. The symptoms of this disease are similar to RRV disease but are milder and of shorter duration. The isolation of BFV from Ochlerotatus vigilax, Culex annulirostris and Oc. normanensis in the NT indicates that these species are the probable vectors in the NT. The isolation of BFV from Oc. vigilax in the NT during the first recorded outbreak of BFV disease in Gove indicates that this species is probably the principal vector in coastal areas. The recent vector competence work on Oc. notoscriptus indicates that this species may also be involved as an urban vector of BFV disease under certain circumstances. There were 43 laboratory notified cases of BFV disease in the NT in 2003/04, with the largest number (31) in the Darwin region (Table 15). Most cases occurred between February and May. This is probably due to Cx. annulirostris acting as a vector, as there is very few Oc. vigilax at this time. However, without accurate information on likely date of infection as opposed to date of notification, little can be said of the probable place of


infection and corresponding vector numbers. For more detailed information refer to rainfall and disease case data of specific regions above.

6.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease is a potentially fatal disease caused by infection with the flavivirus Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV). The vector for MVEV is primarily Culex annulirostris. There was one case of MVEV disease recorded in a small community in the Alligator River region with onset in March 2005 (Table 16). A health warning was issued for the whole of the NT based on the human case and seasonal factors of mosquito numbers and rainfall. Sentinel chicken surveillance indicated that during the 2004/05 season MVEV was present in Darwin (Howard Springs) in June, in the Adelaide River region in June, in Nhulunbuy in April and May, in Katherine in January, February and June, in Tennant Creek in March and in Jabiru in April and June (Table 18). Health warnings were issued. The main risk period for MVEV transmission is broadly in the January - June period with similar transmission risk periods in all regions (Tables 17 and 19).

6.4 Kunjin virus disease Kunjin virus (KUNV) is another member of the flavivirus family. Cases and seroconversions in sentinel chickens occur periodically throughout mainland Australia and are commonly recorded in the Northern Territory and the north west of Western Australia. KUNV causes an illness characterised by fever and severe headache and usually has much less severe symptoms than MVEV disease, with encephalitis a rare occurrence. The vector for KUNV is primarily Culex annulirostris. There were no cases of KUNV disease reported in 2003/04 (Table 16). The main risk period for the NT is February to June, but there is still a risk in most other months except October and November (Table 17). 7. ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH

7.1 Sentinel Chicken Program The sentinel chicken program in the NT is part of a national program involving WA, NSW, Qld and VIC and is designed to detect flavivirus activity (including the endemic arboviruses MVEV and KUNV, as well as exotic arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis) (Broome et al. 2001). The current NT program commenced in January 1992 and replaced an earlier program run by Commonwealth Quarantine (AQIS). Sentinel chicken flocks in the NT are maintained, bled and analysed for flavivirus in a combined


program between the DHCS, the University of Western Australia, WA Health, NT Department of Business Industry and Resource Development (DBIRD) and volunteers. Sentinel chicken flocks are presently at Leanyer, Howard Springs, Coastal Plains Research Station (CPRS), Katherine, Nhulunbuy, Tennant Creek, Jabiru and Alice Springs (2). DBIRD officers or volunteers usually bleed flocks once a month and the samples are sent to the University of WA for specific testing for Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV). When chickens from a flock show new antibodies to MVEV during a prime risk period, a media warning is issued for the general area for the risk period. These warnings advise residents of the need to take added precautions to avoid mosquito bites. Chickens are replaced at least annually, and more frequently if birds die or a large proportion seroconvert. They are well positioned to detect flavivirus activity near the principal towns of the NT and hence provide timely and accurate indication of risk to people in those towns. In the 2004/05 season, MVEV activity was detected in Darwin (Howard Springs) in June, in the Adelaide River region in June, in Nhulunbuy in April and May, in Katherine in January, February and June, in Tennant Creek in March and in Jabiru in April and June (Table 18). One human case of MVEV disease was reported in the Top End in March 2005 (Table 16). As this case occurred in a small community in the Alligator River region, there is little vector information available for this locality. However, high rainfall in the preceding month would have resulted in relatively high localised numbers of Culex annulirostris.

Kunjin virus activity was mainly restricted to Darwin, with chickens seroconverting to KUNV between January and September (Table 18).

7.2 Virus Isolation Program No collection of mosquitoes for virus isolation was carried out in 2004/05. Patients with possible arbovirus illness who are negative for the specific tests for the alpha viruses RR virus and BF virus or the flaviviruses MVE and Kunjin should be further tested for a range of viruses including the bunyaviruses (Gan Gan and Trubanaman), the other flaviviruses (Edge Hill and Kokobera), and the other alphavirus Sindbis. The prevalence of antibodies to these viruses has not been recently established in the NT human population. There are reports of a number of arbovirus-like illnesses that are negative for the more routinely tested arboviruses. More information on case data and requests for specific testing by general practitioners for the lesser known arboviruses known to occur in the NT may shed light on some of these viral illnesses.


8. MALARIA SURVEILLANCE

8.1 Case data There were 56 cases of imported malaria in the NT in 2004/05 referred to MEB by the Centre for Disease Control for entomological evaluation (Table 35). Eight of these cases were assessed as requiring entomological investigations, which included adult mosquito trapping at the case house and at the nearest harbourage and/or breeding site. In two instances, the entomological investigation concluded that precautionary mosquito control was required. Five of the entomological investigations were conducted in Darwin, two in Palmerston and one in Nhulunbuy (Table 35). Of the 56 malaria cases in the NT, 41 had their first fever in Darwin (Table 35), where people are likely to report to experienced medical practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid detection, treatment and reporting of the case, and allowing for timely entomological investigations. A delay in the detection of a case can delay the epidemiological and entomological investigations. This delay means a less accurate measure of vector presence and abundance at the case residence at the time when the case was or might have been infective to local Anopheles. The epidemiological and entomological information is used to determine if further action is required. Delays in detection of cases after a first fever potentially allow the parasite to develop sexual stages in the blood of the patient, which can then be transmitted to local vector Anopheles mosquitoes. Four of the malaria cases investigated by MEB in Darwin had low potential malaria vector numbers detected at the case residence and harbourage sites, and no further action was recommended. However, in one case, adult mosquito trapping detected nine An. farauti s.l. and four An. bancroftii at the nearest harbourage site, and eight An. bancroftii at the case residence. Anopheles farauti s.l .is considered to be the primary potential malaria vector in the NT, and An. bancroftii is considered to be a potential secondary vector. These results indicated that the risk level of patient-vector contact was medium, and therefore precautionary adult fogging was conducted by MEB. Both of the entomological investigations conducted at Palmerston concluded that the results of the adult trapping did not warrant any further action by MEB. The second precautionary fogging operation was conducted at Nhulunbuy, in East Arnhem Land. Adult trapping did not detect any potential malaria vectors at the case residence, but twelve An. annulipes and two An. hilli were caught at nearby harbourage sites. Historical records for the area also indicated that there was the potential for high numbers of An. farauti s.l. and other potential malaria vector species to become widespread during the period of the malaria case. The risk of patient-vector contact was assessed as low, but fogging of the nearby harbourage areas was recommended by MEB as a precaution. The fogging operation was carried out by Arnhem Land Pest Control.


The number of cases each year is variable and is related to the volume of international travellers entering the NT, destinations, time of year and the malaria situation in various countries. There were 56 malaria cases this year compared to 22 cases last year. The large increase of malaria notifications in the NT for 2004/05 can probably be put down to two main factors, an increase in the number of refugees arriving in Darwin from Africa, and an increase in the number of malaria cases from Papua New Guinea. The number of malaria cases from Uganda in 2004/05 increased from two to eighteen, cases from Sudan increased from two to five and Tanzania and Guinea had six malaria cases each reported in the NT, compared to no reported cases last year. The increase in the number of cases reported from Papua New Guinea, from five to ten, may be a result of an increase in tourism and business travel from Darwin to PNG in 2004/05. There was also an increase in the number of countries recorded as causing infection in 2004/05 compared to 2003/04, which is linked to the increase in African refugees into Darwin. This is supported by the fact that the reported cases of Plasmodium falciparum presented in 2004/05 increased from 12 in 2003/04 to 36 this year (Tables 35 and 36). This species of Plasmodium is the most prevalent form of malaria in Africa. The main parasite causing malaria cases in the NT in 2004/05 was P. falciparum, accounting for 36 of the cases, and the parasite P. vivax accounting for 17 cases, P. malariae for two cases and P. ovale for one case (Tables 35 and 36). The area north of the 19° parallel (just north of Tennant Creek) is regarded as the receptive area for malaria reintroduction in the NT, but transmission can occur throughout the whole of the Territory during summer.

9. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS

9.1 Development comments Routine planning and development responses have been devolved from the central Environmental Health Directorate to regional Environmental Health Offices. Each region is responsible for a coordinated DHCS response to the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Environment (DIPE) for planning developments in that region. Each region submits planning proposals to the MEB for comment when there are potential biting insect problems, or for the larger urban and rural residential developments. For larger projects such as Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Preliminary Environmental Reports (PER), where specific advice on biting insects is sought at an early planning stage, the MEB continues to deal with the Environmental Health Directorate directly with the DIPE or the proponent. The urban and rural residential development planning process in Darwin usually requires a MEB officer to inspect and approve certain aspects such as drainage construction before title to the land is issued.


Routine planning and development responses were higher in 2004/05 (107) compared to 2003/04 (71) (Table 42.12). The majority of routine planning and development responses come from Darwin rural areas where drains are usually open and unlined and the land may contain creek lines and seasonally flooded areas. Major rural developments included a 82 lot subdivision in Herbert, a 63 lot subdivision in Virginia, and a 45 lot subdivision in Acacia Hills. Major urban subdivisions included a 169 lot subdivision in Gunn, Palmerston, and the 690 lot Lyons subdivision in Darwin. The main issues associated with urban subdivisions were stormwater drainage, in particular the end point of dry season low flows. Major comments were also provided on large projects such as the Darwin City Waterfront Redevelopment, Bootu Creek Manganese Mine, Aussie Prawns Aquaculture Project (Channel Island), Trans Territory Pipeline Project, Browns Oxide Mine at Batchelor and the Blacktip Gas Project (Port Keats).

9.2 Development investigations

9.2.1 Blacktip Project A supplementary report was produced for trapping conducted at the Blacktip Gas Project site near Port Keats. Trapping was conducted in September 2004 to locate peak season numbers of the major human pest biting midge species Culicoides ornatus. Further investigations of the extensive reed swamp located nearby to the project site (See MEB Annual Branch Report 2003/04 for a discussion on the Blacktip Project site) were also conducted.

The findings of the September investigation were C. ornatus is not likely to cause any significant pest problems at the project site, and Culex annulirostris and Anopheles farauti s.l. are likely to be present at the project site in significant numbers for most months of the year.

9.2.2 Trans Territory Pipeline Project The Trans Territory Pipeline Project is a major project to construct an underground gas pipeline from the Blacktip Gas Project site near Port Keats to the Alcan Mine in Gove. The Medical Entomology Branch conducted a desktop study, as well as used database information from current and previous biting insect trapping, to locate any potentially significant biting insect areas that could affect the workers. Specific recommendations were provided for those sections of the gas pipeline that were to pass within 5km of human populated areas, to ensure development activities would not lead to the creation of new mosquito breeding sites that could affect human populations.

9.2.3 Blackmore River Prawn Farm A 12-month baseline biting insect assessment was conducted at the Phelps/Panizza prawn farm on the Blackmore River from June 2003 to June 2004, with writing of the assessment report commencing in 2004/05. The biting insect assessment included monthly trapping around the time of the full moon for 12-months, a field investigation to locate salt marsh mosquito breeding sites within and adjacent to the development area and


a further field investigation to locate actual and potential wet season mosquito breeding sites within the developed areas. Major findings included the presence of high levels of salt marsh mosquito Ochlerotatus vigilax breeding in natural breeding sites adjacent to the development area, the year round presence of pest numbers of the mangrove biting midge Culicoides ornatus, with high pest numbers during the dry season, and the presence of artificially created mosquito breeding sites. Moderate numbers of the potential malaria mosquito Anopheles farauti s.l. were also recorded at the development site. Recommendations included rectifying Oc. vigilax breeding sites and potential An. farauti s.l. breeding sites where possible and rectifying mosquito breeding sites created by development activities. Other recommendations included advising workers and visitors of biting midge problem periods and creating landscaped areas around personnel facilities to allow the use of bifenthrin barrier treatments to lower adult biting midge numbers. 10. MOSQUITO SURVEYS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

A number of surveys were made during the year in response to complaints (Table 42.11) and as part of EIS surveys (Table 42.12). There was also a number of Aedes aegypti and malaria surveys conducted (Table 42.11). Surveys for Ae. aegypti were conducted in the Darwin urban and rural areas as well as in Tennant Creek, Borrollola, Mataranka, Milikapiti, Alyangula and Nhulunbuy (Tables 5 and 42.11). 11. MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING

11.1 Mosquito awareness campaign A mosquito awareness campaign was conducted last year along similar lines to other years. The program included self-protection and mosquito borne disease awareness through television and newspapers. Various radio and newspaper interviews were given during periods of high mosquito numbers or potential disease situations in various towns. A total of 20 media releases were issued in 2004/05 (Table 42.21).


11.2 MEB training The technical officers in the MEB received considerable on the job training on vector identification, vector surveys and control, and data entry and retrieval during the year. MEB staff attended external training courses including a First Aid course, a ChemCert course and an interstate mosquito management course (Table 42.22).

12. PUBLIC ENQUIRIES

There have been a consistent number of inquiries about mosquitoes and mosquito borne disease (76) out of a total of 165 inquiries for the year (Tables 39 and 42.16). The other relatively high categories of inquiries included media inquiries (13), planning inquiries (10) and inquiries in regards to biting insects and bites and stings (18) (Table 39). The number of complaints about mosquitoes have remained low, and similar to last year with 21 this year compared to 22 last year (Table 42.17). This is probably due to successful mosquito control throughout the wet season in the Darwin area.

13. COMMITTEES

13.1 National Arbovirus Advisory Committee The National Arbovirus Advisory Committee (NAAC) was formed in September 2000 after the National Public Health Partnership formally agreed to form a technical advisory group to report to the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP) through the Communicable Disease Network of Australia (CDNA). This decision was in part a result of pressure from the Chief Health Officer (CHO) of the NT. The Committee includes Dr Bart Currie from Menzies and Peter Whelan from Medical Entomology. In 2003 The National Arbovirus Advisory Committee was renamed to the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee (NAMAC) to reflect and include aspects of malaria surveillance in Australia. Several NAMAC telephone conferences and two face to face meetings took place in 2004/05, with the main topics discussed being the NAMAC surveillance report, the national guidelines for the prevention and control of MVE and WNV, the Torres Strait Ae. albopictus survey report, the Tennant Creek dengue mosquito eradication project, the dengue vector control assessment in Dili and JE and MVE in the Torres Strait. The NAMAC is to make recommendations to the Communicable Disease Network of Australia on surveillance models for arboviruses. It will also make recommendations on a Memorandum of Understanding between States, Territories and the Commonwealth, detailing co-operation in relation to arbovirus matters, including surveillance and control of exotic vectors, information dissemination and arbovirus disease response plans, as well as recommendations towards strategic approaches for arbovirus disease management and control.


13.2 North Australian Health Ministers Vector Working Group In October 2004 a Northern Australian Health Ministers (NAHM) Working Group meeting was held in Darwin. Main points of discussion were the MVE outbreak response plan, the Tennant Creek dengue mosquito eradication project, health legislation regarding Aedes aegypti control and possible joint border surveys for Ae. aegypti and Ae. nocturnus. 14. RESEARCH

The efficacy and suitability of the larval mosquito control agent Vectolex WDG, active ingredient Bacillus sphaericus, was trialled by the MEB in Darwin in May 2005. Results indicated that the treatment provided effective control after 48 hours of 3rd and 4th instar Culex larvae. Residual efficacy was evident for seven days after the treatment was applied. Data collected during the experiment after the seven day post-application date was probably affected by uncontrolled environmental factors. The rapid spread of the aquatic plant Lemna minor L across the experimental area after the seventh day would almost certainly have affected sampling methods and possibly larval production levels in the pond. However, initial results from this study suggest that this product is efficient, used under the right environmental conditions. It also provides residual control, for Culex species in the Darwin region. 15. PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS

The MEB produced a number of Branch Reports over the year (Table 37). These included a larval mosquito survey report for a survey conducted in Nhulunbuy, a dengue mosquito control assessment report for Dili (Timor Leste), the Trans Territory Pipeline (TTP) project biting insect assessment report, eight annual regional vector surveillance and control reports and two annual MEB branch reports. Scientific publications included papers on recommendations for water receptacle treatment for exotic mosquitoes, the Aedes aegypti incursion in Tennant Creek, arbovirus trends in the NT, rainfall, mosquito vector numbers and seroconversions in sentinel chickens to MVE virus in the NT, the detection of Ae. nocturnus in Australia, bites and stings in the Top End and scrub typhus in the NT (Table 37). 16. REFERENCE COLLECTIONS

Cataloguing and improving the reference collection has continued this year as part of the establishment of the insect collection database. The reference collection is continually added to from each locality visited or as relevant specimens become available from the monitoring programs. The majority of the collection consists of mosquitoes and biting midges, but also includes other insects and arthropods of medical importance. This


reference collection is a very valuable resource and is the definitive collection of mosquitoes from the NT. 17. DATA MANAGEMENT

17.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System The MEB has a data collection system in the form of a Microsoft Access 97 database. This database stores all insect specimen records and allows data to be retrieved and collated for trend analysis and report writing. The MEB utilises various other access databases for data management such as public enquiries and for data management such as aerial photograph, publication and handout filing. In 2004/05 improvements were made to these databases in an attempt to provide better data management. The improvements are ongoing and will be continued in the next financial year. A future vision is to also utilise the MEB database to manage sentinel chicken, malaria data and to produce output reports.

17.2 Medical Entomology Information and Records Filing System The MEB has several internal filing systems, including a manual and electronic system. In 2004/05 the clean up and restructuring of these systems continued to provide the MEB with a more efficient and improved information and record management system.

17.3 Geographic Information Systems Medical Entomology Branch has been developing a Geographical Information System (GIS) for all MEB mosquito monitoring, survey and control programs. This system has been developed to aid recording, reporting and performing spatial analysis for mosquito breeding issues in the Northern Territory. It has been applied to the Leanyer, Holmes Jungle, Micket Creek and Shoal Bay swamp mosquito helicopter surveys. The system allows outputs in the form of maps of areas and the results of larval surveys. During 2004/05 all aspects of the MEB mosquito monitoring, survey and control programs were recorded, presented and managed through the GIS. This enabled the MEB to better monitor mosquito breeding and control aspects in Leanyer swamp.

18. STAFF MATTERS

In August 2004 the Senior Medical Entomologist, the Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project Manager and the Operations Manager went to Brisbane to attend the National


Conference of the Mosquito Control Association of Australia. In September 2004 the Senior Medical Entomologist and a Technical Officer then attended the WA Mosquito Control Course. In November the Senior Medical Entomologist attended the NAMAC Face to Face Meeting and in February 2005 the Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project Manager went to Cairns to liaise with Qld Tropical Health on dengue mosquito control and eradication. In March 2005 the Exotic Surveillance Officer and two Technical Officers from the Tennant Creek Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project went to Thursday Island to assist Qld Health to control the dengue mosquito. In April 2005 the Senior Medical Entomologist and the Aedes aegypti Eradication Project Manager went to Dili to assist the local government with dengue mosquito control and give advice on control and eradication measures. In April 2005 the Operations Manger and the Development Planning and Vector Control Officer went to Sydney to attend the Pests of Disease and Unease Symposium. Throughout 2004/05 Medical Entomology staff travelled to Tennant Creek and other locations in the NT for Aedes aegypti surveillance and control. All Medical Entomology survey and travel events are shown in table 38. Gisela Lamche resigned in June 2004 and William Pettit joined the MEB in her position. In July 2001 William Pettit took on the position of Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project Manager for Tennant Creek and a Technical Officer T3, Jeff Kennedy, an Administration Officer AO2, Amy Barnetson and nine Technical Officers T1 were recruited for the Tennant Creek project. Matthew Shortus took on the position of Exotic Vector Surveillance Officer at a P1 level. He was offered permanent employment with the MEB at a P2 level in September 2005. Raelene Whitters joined the MEB in July 2004 in the position of Data and Information Officer (AO5). Leah Stratford took on the permanent position of Technical Officer T2 in October 2005 after Bernadette Hayes resigned due to family matters. Huy Nguyen joined the team as Technical officer T1 in November 2004 as part of the Tennant Creek Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project and took on a Technical Officer T2 position when Leah Stratford left the MEB in January 2005 due to family matters. Michael Browne joined the MEB as Technical Officer T1 in January 2005 and took on a Technical Officer T2 position when Jennifer Grigg took unpaid leave until May 2006. Stacy Barkworth took on the Technical Officer T1 position in April 2005. The Medical Entomology Branch is a small but highly productive team, making a large and measurable contribution to the health and well being of the people of the NT. The MEB, together with other members of the DHCS, other individuals, other government and local government departments, and other organisations who have assisted in the mosquito monitoring and control program, have once again made a significant contribution in preventing mosquito pest and disease problems in the NT.


Peter I. Whelan Director Medical Entomology Branch. January 2006


19. REFERENCES

Lee VH, Atmosoedjono S, Rusmiarto S, Aep S and Semendra W (1983). Mosquitoes of Bali Island, Indonesia. Common species in the village environment. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medical Public Health 14 (3), 298-307. Miyagi I, Toma T, Mogi M, Martono, Yotopranoto S, Arifin Z and Dachlan Y (1994). Mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Lombok Island, Indonesia. Mosquito Systematics 26 (1), 19-24. Montgomery BL and Love BL (1995). Nhulunbuy and Wallaby Beach mosquito investigation, 20-23 March 1995. Medical Entomology Branch, Territory Health Services. Russell RC (2002). Ross River virus: Ecology and distribution. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 1-31. Whelan PI, Susan PJ, Melville L, Broom A, Currie J, Krause VL, Brogan B, Smith F and Porigneaux P (2003). Rainfall and vector mosquito numbers as risk indicators for mosquito borne disease in Central Australia. Comm Dis Intell 2, 110-116.

20. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable contributions and ready assistance over the last year: The Executive of the DHCS, and in particular the Assistant Secretary Dr. David Ashbridge and support staff; Medical Entomology Branch staff, Jane Carter (Technical Officer), Allan Warchot (Development Planning & Vector Control Officer), Nina Kurucz (Operations Manager), Matthew Shortus (Exotic Vector Surveillance Officer), Leah Stratford (Technical Officer), Jenny Grigg (Technical Officer), Huy Nguyen (Technical Officer), Michael Browne (Technical Officer), Stacey Barkworth (Technical Officer), Tamara Pearce (Administration Officer) and the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Eradication Project staff: William Pettit (Project Manager), Jeffrey Kennedy (Technical Officer), Sullim Sallik (Technical Officer), Colin O’Donnell (Technical Officer), Terry Bishop (Technical Officer), Brett Devitt (Technical Officer), Bill Mitchell (Technical Officer), Matt Stow (Technical Officer), Colin Holbert (Technical Officer), Bruce Nelson (Technical Officer), Ronald Plummer (Technical Officer), Reuben Smith (Technical Officer), Robert Lighton-Piercy (Technical Officer), Jake Gummow (Technical Officer), Michelle Frenken (Technical Officer) and Amy Barnetson (Administration Officer);


Members of the Mosquito Control Advisory Committee Peter Adamson (Chairman); Members Lt Col Richard Wiltshire (Larrakeyah Barracks, Department of Defence), Capt. Brett Dick (Larrakeyah Barracks, Department of Defence), Lt Stephen Pullman, (Larrakeyah Barracks, Department of Defence); Dr Vicki Krause, Dr David Ashbridge, Peter Whelan, (DHCS); Lt Mark Tamblyn (EHO, Robertson Barracks, Department of Defence), Rod Applegate, (DLP&E); Dal Hartley (Parks and Wildlife Commission NT); Bob Elix (Darwin City Council); Luccio Cercarelli (Palmerston Town Council), Dr Brian Reid, (medical practitioner); and Allan McEwan (resident); DHCS Centre for Disease Control. In particular, Dr Vicki Krause, Dr Peter Markey, Merv Fairley and Lesley Scott, Veronica Barrett, Kathleen Hocking and Janelle Baker; DHCS RDH medical specialist staff - Dr Bart Currie; DHCS Alice Springs Environmental Health Officers - Alex Smith, Edward White, Rachel Sheppard; DHCS Darwin Urban Environmental Health Officers - including Phuong Le, Paul Csizmadia, Rachael Gaffney, Natasha Clements, and Leah Magee; DHCS Environmental Health directorate -Xavier Schobben; DHCS Darwin Rural Environmental Health Officers – Ken O’Brien; DHCS Environmental Health Policy – Philippe Porigneaux, Peter Rogers, Nicola Slavin and Tracy Ward; DHCS Katherine Environmental Health Officers – Gabrielle Halcrow and Charlie Griffiths (Katherine Hospital); Alice Springs Town Council Environmental Health Officers – Fiona Smith and Philip AhChee; Barkly Region Environmental Health Officer – Richard Elder; Nhulunbuy Corporation and Environmental Health - Tony O'Riley, Dave Suter (Nhulunbuy pest controller), Bob Small & Alex Kopczynski (Nhulunbuy EHO); Jabiru Town Council - Jeff Mewburn; Department of Lands Planning and Environment - Jim O’Neill, Neville Jones, Del Batton, Paul Schneider, Brian Dobey and Amanda Warren; All staff at Connel Wagner; Delfin – Ben Ganley;


Darwin City Council staff involved in mosquito engineering works - David Thiele (Operations Manager), Bac Lam (Engineer), Dino Ribeiro (Foreman), Peter Roe, mosquito surveillance and control staff - George Webster, Greg Dean, Tony Vincent (Supervisor), Jose De Castro, Klaus Helwig, John Scharnberg; Northern Territory Parks & Wildlife Commission - senior officers and technical staff for Casuarina and Holmes Jungle – particularly Dal Hartley (Darwin District Parks Manager), Paul Cawood, Louise Kean, David van den Hoek, Steve Pilkington, and Kristen Appel; and for the Botanic Gardens staff, Ben Wirt and Daniel Low Choy; Henry Walker Eltin – Don Thompson; SKM – Simon Byrne and Joel Chapman; Earl James and Associates – Kevin Dodd; Power and Water Authority Darwin, Katherine and Alice Springs; Australian Quarantine Inspection Service - Garry Tucker, Geoff Cumjew and Graham Goodwin; Jayrow Helicopters - Larry Tessman, Des Rhodes, Derek Tessman, Jamie Johanson, Greg Ellis and Liz Haala; University of Western Australia - Dr Annette Broome and Cheryl Johansen; Department of Health WA; Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development - Dr Lorna Melville, Neville Hunt and other staff at the Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory involved in the sentinel chicken program; Sentinel chicken volunteers - Kevin De Witte, Francois Human, Graeme Coleman, Peter Dunham, Robert and Leanne Ludlow, Richard and Hazel Trudgeon and Debbie Roberts; DHCS Transport - Basil Damaso and staff; All of the support staff of DHCS, and in particular Purchasing, Contracts, Personnel, Finance and Information Technology staff and Tamara Biro and Peter Cass. Our apologies to anyone inadvertently omitted. If you have been inadvertently omitted could you please advise Nina Kurucz on 89228807.


FIGURE 1A: Darwin adult mosquito monitoring program. Location of weekly adult mosquito CO2 baited trap sites.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\information_technology\web_site\images\towns\darwin\dwnurban_adult_0405.doc

FIGURE 1B: DARWIN URBAN OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM

LOCATION OF OVITRAP SITES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\information_technology\web_site\images\towns\darwin\dwnurban_ovi_0405.doc

FIGURE 1C: DARWIN RURAL OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION OF OVITRAP SITES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\information_technology\web_site\images\towns\darwin\dwnrural_ovi_0405.doc

FIGURE 2A:

F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_urban_data\dwn_urban_OVNO0405\dwn_urban_sp_rain_CHT_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin City and Outer Darwin 2004/05Total number of larvae in all thirty nine trap sites; rainfall at Darwin airport

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

05-J

ul-0

4

19-J

ul-0

4

03-A

ug-0

4

17-A

ug-0

4

30-A

ug-0

4

13-S

ep-0

4

27-S

ep-0

4

11-O

ct-0

4

25-O

ct-0

4

09-N

ov-0

4

22-N

ov-0

4

07-D

ec-0

4

20-D

ec-0

4

04-J

an-0

5

17-J

an-0

5

31-J

an-0

5

14-F

eb-0

5

28-F

eb-0

5

14-M

ar-0

5

29-M

ar-0

5

11-A

pr-0

5

26-A

pr-0

5

09-M

ay-0

5

23-M

ay-0

5

07-J

un-0

5

20-J

un-0

5

Collection date

Num

ber

of la

rvae

in a

ll tr

aps

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Total rainfall (mm) between date set and collected Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusOc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) tremulusFl. kochi

FIGURE 2B:

F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_routine_data\dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO0405\dwn_rural_palm_sp_rain_CHT_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin Rural and Palmerston 2004/05Total number of larvae in all twelve trap sites; rainfall at Darwin airport

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

06-J

ul-0

4

21-J

ul-0

4

04-A

ug-0

4

17-A

ug-0

4

31-A

ug-0

4

14-S

ep-0

4

28-S

ep-0

4

12-O

ct-0

4

26-O

ct-0

4

10-N

ov-0

4

23-N

ov-0

4

08-D

ec-0

4

21-D

ec-0

4

04-J

an-0

5

18-J

an-0

5

01-F

eb-0

5

15-F

eb-0

5

28-F

eb-0

5

15-M

ar-0

5

30-M

ar-0

5

12-A

pr-0

5

27-A

pr-0

5

10-M

ay-0

5

24-M

ay-0

5

08-J

un-0

5

21-J

un-0

5

Collection date

Num

ber

of la

rvae

in a

ll tr

aps

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Total rainfall (mm) between date set and collected Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusOc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) tremulusFl. kochi

FIGURE 3: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\av_vigcxall_rain_CHT_8305 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

AVERAGE NUMBER OF OCHLEROTATUS VIGILAX, CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS GROUP AND ALL SPECIES TRAPPED PER TRAP NIGHT PER YEAR FOR THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES AND ANNUAL RAINFALL IN DARWIN

1983/84 TO 2004/05

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

35019

83/8

4

1984

/85

1985

/86

1986

/87

1987

/88

1988

/89

1989

/90

1990

/91

1991

/92

1992

/93

1993

/94

1994

/95

1995

/96

1996

/97

1997

/98

1998

/99

1999

/00

2000

/01

2001

/02

2002

/03

2003

/04

2004

/05

FINANCIAL YEAR

AV

ER

AG

E N

UM

BE

R O

F FE

MA

LE

M

OSQ

UIT

OE

S PE

R T

RA

P N

IGH

T

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

RA

INFA

LL

(mm

)

Rainfall All species Cx. annulirostris grp.* Oc. vigilax

Cx. annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris & Cx. palpalisDarwin Airport rainfall data from Bureau of Meterology


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\DMaver8sp(11)_CHT_93_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

AVERAGE NUMBER OF ADULT FEMALE MOSQUITOES TRAPPED PER TRAP NIGHT AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS DARWIN MONITORING SITES - 1993/94 TO 2004/05.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

FINANCIAL YEAR

Ave

rage

num

ber

of fe

mal

e m

osqu

itoes

per

trap

nig

ht


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\av_vig(11)_CHT_00_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

COMPARISONS OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF OCHLEROTATUS VIGILAX CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES,

2000/01 TO 2004/05.

0

50

100

150

200

250L

eany

er G

ate

Lon

gwoo

d A

v

Lea

nyer

Dum

p

Kar

ama

Palm

Cre

ek

Mar

rara

Rou

ndSw

amp

Avi

atio

n M

useu

m

Mar

rara

Rifl

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ange

Cas

uari

na

Coc

onut

Gro

ve

Tot

em R

oad

TRAP LOCATION

AV

ER

AG

E N

UM

BE

R O

F FE

MA

LE

OC

HLE

RO

TATU

S V

IGIL

AX

2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\AVE0001_0405_CHT_5yr Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

COMPARISONS OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF ALL FEMALE MOSQUITOES PER TRAP NIGHT CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES, 2000/01 TO 2004/05.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200L

eany

er G

ate

Lon

gwoo

d

Lea

nyer

Dum

p

Kar

ama

Palm

Cre

ek

Mar

rara

Rou

ndSw

amp

Avi

atio

n M

useu

m

Mar

rara

Rifl

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ange

Cas

uari

na

Coc

onut

Gro

ve

Tot

em R

oad

TRAP LOCATION

AV

ER

AG

E N

UM

BE

R O

F FE

MA

LE

MO

SQU

ITO

ES

PER

TR

AP

NIG

HT

2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\vigmonth(11)_00_05_CHT Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE OCHLEROTATUS VIGILAX PER MONTH CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS DARWIN MONITORING SITES

2000/01 TO 2004/05

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

MONTH

TO

TA

L N

UM

BE

R O

F FE

MA

LE

OC

HLE

RO

TATU

S V

IGIL

AX

2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

21895

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0510152025303540

43

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

510

1520

25

3035

40

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

510

1520

25

3035

40

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0510152025303540

1080

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0510152025303540

44, 61 80, 56 42

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

05101520

25303540

Darwin

Alyangula

Alice SpringsNhulunbuy

Tennant CreekJabiru

Katherine

RR virus casesMonthly rainfall

Figure 8A : Monthly rainfall and monthly Ross River Virus cases for towns of the Northern Territory from July 1992 - June 2005. RRV disease cases from CDC, Darwin.

Rainfall data from Bureau of Meteorology.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\RR_rain0405 Medical Entomology Branch, DHCS

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)M

onth

ly ra

infa

ll ( m

m)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)M

onth

ly ra

infa

ll ( m

m)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)M

onth

ly ra

infa

ll ( m

m)

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

Mon

thly

RR

V d

ise a

se c

ases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

05

1015

2025

3035

40

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Darwin Katherine

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

avg

. no.

of C

x. a

nnul

i rost

risgr

ppe

r mon

th

Mon

thly

avg

. no.

of C

x. a

nnul

i rost

risgr

ppe

r mon

th

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

10001524

Tennant CreekJabiru

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

avg

. no.

of C

x. a

nnul

i rost

risgr

ppe

r mon

th

Mon

thly

avg

. no.

of C

x. a

nnul

i rost

risgr

ppe

r mon

th

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Alyangula

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

rain

fall

( mm

)

Mon

thly

avg

. no.

of C

x. a

nnul

i rost

risgr

ppe

r mon

thM

onth

ly a

vg. n

o. o

f Cx.

ann

uli ro

stris

grp

per m

onth

Mon

thly

avg

. no.

of C

x. a

nnul

i rost

risgr

ppe

r mon

thAlice SpringsNhulunbuy

Monthly average number of Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap nightMonthly rainfall

Figure 8B : Monthly rainfall and average number of Cx. annulirostris grp per month (average per trap night, CO2 baited traps) for towns of the Northern Territory from July 1992 - June 2005.

Rainfall data from Bureau of Meteorology.

Number of trap sites per town: Darwin: 11; Jabiru: 4, Nhulunbuy:5; Alyangula: 3; Katherine: 4; Tennant Creek: 3 (irregular trapping after rainfall only); Alice Springs; 4.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Cxannul_rain0405 Medical Entomology Branch, DHCS

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

10002854, 1146

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

10001111, 1713 3933

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

50006039 92667, 14260 5939 6932, 6898 7587, 5963 8899

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

0

200

400

600

800

10001080

FIGURE 8C:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Darwin\rain_disease_species_Darwin_0405_janedraft\DM_month_Cxgrp_rainCHT_1990_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

DARWIN. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Cx. annulirostris grp. & Oc. vigilax July 1990 to June 2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1990

/91,

Jan

1991

/92,

Jan

1992

/93,

Jan

1993

/94,

Jan

1994

/95,

Jan

1995

/96,

Jan

1996

/97,

Jan

1997

/98,

Jan

1998

/99,

Jan

1999

/00,

Jan

2000

/01,

Jan

2001

/02,

Jan

2002

/03,

Jan

2003

/04,

Jan

2004

/05,

Jan

Mon

thly

rai

nfal

l (m

m)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

No.

of C

x. a

nnul

iros

tris

grp

. &

Oc.

vig

ilax

per

trap

nig

ht

Total monthly rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport

Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)

Average monthly no. of female Oc. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

FIGURE 8D:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Darwin\rain_disease_species_Darwin_0405_janedraft\DM_month_CXgrp_RRVCHT_1990_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

DARWIN. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Cx. annulirostris grp. & Oc. vigilax July 1990 to June 2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Mon

thly

RR

V d

isea

se c

ases

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

No.

of C

x. a

nnul

iros

tris

grp

. & O

c. v

igila

x p

er tr

ap n

ight

No. of laboratory confirmed Ross River virus disease cases in Darwin Suburbs (includes Berrimah)

Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)

Average monthly no. of female Oc. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

FIGURE 9: AERIAL APPLIED MOSQUITO LARVAL CONTROL PROGRAM MAJOR MOSQUITO BREEDING AREAS - DARWIN.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\information_technology\web_site\images\towns\darwin\leanyer_helicopter_0405.doc

FIGURE 10: ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE NT: 1999/2000 TO 2004/05.LABORATORY NOTIFIED CASES FROM CDC (BY YEAR OF REPORT).

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp-0405\Rrv0405\reg9905chDISPLAY Medical Entomology DHCS 25/01/2006

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine

Region

NU

MB

ER

OF

CA

SES

1999/00

2000/01

2001/02

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

FIGURE 11:

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Rrv0405\rrv19960405ch Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF REPORT)

1996/97 TO 2004/05

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Jul

Oct

1996

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

1997

Ja

n

Apr Ju

l

Oct

1998

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

1999

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2000

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2001

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2002

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2003

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2004

Jan

Apr Ju

l

Oct

2005

Jan

Apr

MONTH AND YEAR OF REPORT

NU

MB

ER

OF

CA

SES

FIGURE 12:BARMAH FOREST, ROSS RIVER AND MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005. LABORATORY NOTIFIED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF REPORT)

F:\ento\ento_files\diseases\diseases_combined\rr_bf_mve\bf-mve-rrv0405cht Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

MONTH

NU

MB

ER

OF

DIS

EA

SE C

ASE

SNo of BFV disease cases No of MVEV disease cases No of RRV disease cases

FIGURE 13: TOTAL NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS TO FLAVIVIRUS IN SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS THROUGHOUT THE NT 2002/03 TO 2004/05.

F:\ento\ento-files\public_information\annual-reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\mvechts0405\mve0205ch Medical Entomology Branch DHCS25/01/2006

(NB: Months are dates of blood sample - seroconversions occurred at some time between the previous blood sample and the date of blood sample)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

NU

MB

ER

OF

NE

W S

ER

OC

ON

VE

RSI

ON

S

MVEV 2002/03 MVEV 2003/04 MVEV 2004/05

Flavivirus information from Microbiology, University of WA

FIGURE 14: TOTAL NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS TO FLAVIVIRUS IN SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS THROUGHOUT THE NT 2004/05.

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\mvechts0405\viruses0405ch Medical Entomology Branch DHCS25/01/2006

(NB: Months are dates of blood sample - seroconversions occurred at some time between the previous blood sample and the date of blood sample)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

NU

MB

ER

OF

NE

W S

ER

OC

ON

VE

RSI

ON

S

KUNV MVEV OTHER FLAVIVIRUS

Flavivirus information from Microbiology Universityof WA

FIGURE 15: TENNANT CREEK AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION PROJECT

PREMISES AND CO2 BAITED EVS TRAPS POSITIVE FOR AEDES AEGYPTI IN TENNANT CREEK - 23 JUNE 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005

F:\ENTO\ento_files\information_technology\web_site\images\towns\tennant\TCaegypti+_0405b.doc

FIGURE 16:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\weather\Rainfall-maps\Wet Deciles 0405.doc

FIGURE 17:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\weather\Rainfall-maps\Wet Totals 0405.doc

TABLE 1: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - DARWIN CITY AND OUTER DARWIN. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH

No of timesdetected

Sum of No oflarvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of Noof larvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of Noof larvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of No oflarvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of Noof larvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of Noof larvae

No of timesdetected

No of timesdetected

No of timesdetected

Sum of Noof larvae

1 Wanguri 2 Aubrey St. Residential 26 10 38.46 1 38 0 0 9 384 0 0 1 66 0 0 16 0 0 02 Leanyer 127 Leanyer Drive Residential 26 4 15.38 1 24 0 0 4 130 0 0 1 3 0 0 22 0 0 03 Malak 53 Darwent Street Residential 25 15 60.00 0 0 0 0 12 779 0 0 10 343 0 0 10 1 0 04 Marrara Malak Caravan Park. No. 440 McMillans Rd. Caravan 26 9 34.62 1 71 0 0 8 295 0 0 3 46 0 0 17 0 0 05 Karama 4 Freycinet St. Residential 9 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 0 0

6A Berrimah_OvitrapSundowner Caravan Park, McMillans Rd Caravan 25 10 40.00 5 272 0 0 5 48 0 0 4 273 0 0 15 1 0 07 Berrimah_OvitrapAscot Haulage No. 16 Berrimah Rd. Transport company 26 11 42.31 2 7 0 0 10 855 0 0 4 142 0 0 15 0 0 08 Winnellie Shady Glen Caravan Park. No. 11 Farrell Cresent Caravan 26 16 61.54 1 5 0 0 14 542 0 0 10 359 0 0 10 0 0 09 Winnellie Grace Removals No. 504 Stuart Highway Transport company 25 6 24.00 4 227 0 0 5 47 0 0 1 4 0 0 19 1 0 0

10 Winnellie Kennons residence No. 6 Menmuir Street Residential 26 20 76.92 0 0 0 0 16 576 0 0 13 383 0 0 6 0 0 011 The Narrows 46 Wilmot St. Residential 24 17 70.83 1 15 0 0 15 769 0 0 4 238 0 0 7 2 0 012 Ludmilla 46 Wells Street Residential 26 18 69.23 1 37 0 0 18 911 0 0 1 41 0 0 8 0 0 013 Parap 45 Gregory Street Residential 26 16 61.54 0 0 1 2 15 793 1 3 4 41 0 0 10 0 0 014 Fannie Bay 28 East Point Rd. Residential 26 20 76.92 0 0 0 0 20 1238 0 0 4 66 0 0 6 0 0 015 Stuart Park 3 Graham St Residential 26 16 61.54 0 0 0 0 16 1616 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 016 Darwin City 15 Sheperd St. (Auserv) Residential 26 12 46.15 0 0 0 0 12 786 0 0 3 11 0 0 14 0 0 017 Larrakeyah 6 Murray Street. Residential 26 10 38.46 0 0 0 0 10 407 0 0 1 10 0 0 16 0 0 018 Larrakeyah 25 Temira Cres. Residential 26 13 50.00 0 0 0 0 12 547 0 0 2 22 0 0 13 0 0 019 Ludmilla 19 Tudawali St. Residential 25 7 28.00 0 0 0 0 7 166 0 0 2 6 0 0 18 1 0 020 Coconut Grove Bakhita Village Residential 25 22 88.00 0 0 0 0 22 1628 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 021 Nightcliff 11 Oleander St Residential 25 16 64.00 0 0 0 0 16 571 0 0 2 61 0 0 9 1 0 022 Rapid Creek 124 Ryland Rd. Residential 26 22 84.62 0 0 0 0 22 849 0 0 2 8 0 0 4 0 0 023 Jingili 38 Gaden Court Residential 26 15 57.69 0 0 0 0 15 778 0 0 2 10 0 0 11 0 0 024 Alawa 4 Scriven Street Commercial 16 12 75.00 0 0 0 0 12 303 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0

25 Darwin CityLot 5552 Frances Bay Dr. (Dinah beach Mooring Basin) Port 26 0 0.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0

26 Darwin CityLot 5360 Frances Bay Dr. (VB Perkins shipping yard). Port 26 2 7.69

0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 24 0 0 0

27 Darwin CityLot 5014 Frances Bay Dr. (VB Perkins shipping yard). Port 25 1 4.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 24 1 0 0

29A Darwin PortMavie St, LHS exit Frances Bay Marine, under bushes Port 26 12 46.15

0 0 0 0 10 246 0 0 6 110 0 0 14 0 0 0

30 Darwin City Kitchener Dr. (Fort Hill Wharf) Port 25 5 20.00 1 60 0 0 2 8 0 0 2 9 0 0 20 1 0 034 Larrakeyah 68 Marina Blvd. (Lot 6386), Cullen Bay Commercial 9 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 0 035 East Arm Rooney Shipping, Muramats Rd - TDZ Port 24 8 33.33 0 0 0 0 2 40 0 0 8 263 0 0 16 2 0 0

36 East ArmTiwi Barge Service 3245 Muramats Rd. SW side of toilet block among junk Port 25 11 44.00

1 19 0 0 10 587 0 0 5 71 0 0 14 1 0 0

37 East ArmTiwi Barge Service 3245 Muramats Rd. NE side of small containers in yard under electrical box Port 24 4 16.67

0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 3 77 0 0 20 2 0 0

40 East ArmTDZ Authority. Main Bld, left side near gas cylinders Port 25 11 44.00

0 0 2 5 8 335 0 0 6 394 0 0 14 1 0 0

41 East ArmNT Lagging & Insulation 3163 Export Dr. (Bld 2). In garden under awning Port 25 12 48.00

1 54 0 0 7 116 0 0 10 322 1 1 13 1 0 0

42 East ArmVB Shipping yard (Lot 5014, Back of demountable) Port 25 3 12.00

2 152 0 0 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 1 0 0

45 Darwin City NT News Port 26 11 42.31 1 34 0 0 10 312 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 046 East Arm Toll Services, under demountable RHS at rear Commercial 24 13 54.17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 1 0 0

47 East ArmNorthern Cement on Berrimah Road - under treesinside front gates. Commercial 25 0 0.00

1 140 0 0 2 14 0 0 12 1289 0 0 11 1 1 1

Totals 949 410 24 1155 3 7 349 16700 1 3 128 4672 1 1 539 32 1 1

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 43.20 5.85 0.73 85.12 0.24 31.22 0.24 7.80 0.24

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 48.13 2.33 47.85 3.00 36.50 1.00

% of ovitraps recovered = 96.64

SITE NO. NUMBER SAMPLED

NUMBER POSITIVE

PERCENT POSITIVESUBURB TRAP LOCATION LOCATION

TYPE

TIMES SPECIES RECORDED(TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE)

Trap failure mosquitoesOc. (Mac) tremulus Ur. (Ura) nivipes Nil mosquitoesNot collected mosquitoesCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Fl. kochi Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) species

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\ovitraps\darwin\darwin urban data\dwn_urban_OVNO0405\darwin_urban_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE 1B: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - DARWIN RURAL AND PALMERSTON. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH

No of times detected

Sum of No oflarvae


Sum of Noof larvae


Sum of Noof larvae


Sum of No oflarvae





Sum of No oflarvae

RB1 Holtze Under Fuel Station Depot, Robertson Barracks Commercial 12 5 41.67 2 218 0 0 0 0 4 243 7 0 1 0 0

RB2 HoltzeSenior Officers Quarters, House 820 McLaurin Place, Robertson Barracks Residential 13 4 30.77

0 0 0 0 4 120 1 1 9 0 0 0 0

32 Holtze Lot 10, Wallaby Holtze Rd. Residential 26 18 69.23 0 0 1 12 14 938 11 672 8 0 0 0 033 Durack (Fairway Waters) 6 Hayward Place, Fairway Waters Residential 25 3 12.00 0 0 0 0 2 70 1 65 23 0 0 0 0R1 Driver 1/16 McInnis Circuit Residential 26 9 34.62 1 2 0 0 8 532 3 77 17 0 0 0 0R2 Gray 49 Essington Ave Residential 26 18 69.23 4 210 0 0 18 1328 0 0 8 0 0 0 0R3 Woodroffe 50 Harrison Circuit Residential 26 18 69.23 0 0 0 0 14 1053 3 55 9 1 0 0 0R4 Howard Springs Sunrise Nursery, 140 Callistemon Rd Nursery 26 17 65.38 0 0 0 0 16 1242 7 184 9 0 0 0 0R5 Howard Springs BP Howard Springs, 150 Whitewood Rd Commercial 26 8 30.77 3 449 0 0 4 7 1 17 18 0 0 0 0R6 Humpty Doo Arnhem Nursery, 35 Arnhem Hwy Commercial 26 13 50.00 3 296 0 0 11 667 1 58 14 1 0 1 19R7 Humpty Doo J & B Tyre Recycling Pty Ltd, 12 Spencely Rd Commercial 24 15 62.50 0 0 0 0 4 203 11 483 11 2 0 0 0

R8 Virginia17 Mile Service & Muffler Centre, Lot 1 Virginia Rd Commercial 26 11 42.31

0 0 0 0 9 246 7 126 15 0 0 0 0

Totals 282 139 13 1175 1 12 104 6406 50 1981 148 4 1 1 19

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 49.29 9.35 0.72 74.82 35.97 0.72

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 90.38 12.00 61.60 39.62 19.00


Trap failure mosquitoes Tp. (Pol) punctolateralisCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Fl. kochi Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) tremulus


Nil mosquitoesNot collected mosquitoes

SITE NO.NUMBER SAMPLED

NUMBER POSITIVE

PERCENT POSITIVESUBURB TRAP LOCATION

LOCATION TYPE

\dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO0405\darwin_rural_palmerston_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE 2:

TOTAL NUMBER OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY - 2004/2005.

SUMMARIZED BY IMPORTATION METHOD AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

IMPORTATION METHOD TOTALS

NO. OF TIMES ESTABLISHMENT

RISK*

Indonesia Malaysia

Illegal Fishing vessel 21 0 21 0

Barge 0 1 1 0

TOTALS 21 1 22 0

RISK* 0 0 0

Note: Data on detection of exotic mosquitoes on fishing vessels provided by AQIS.

*RISK importations are defined as evidence of hatching of adult mosquito/es on vessels/aircraft/cargo on inspection, including pupal skins in imported receptacles,

observation of flying adults associated with imported cargo or eggs in ovitraps, where the importation has led to probable escape of adults to land.

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\quarantine0405\vesseltype Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE 3:

TOTAL NUMBER OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY - 2004/2005.

SUMMARIZED BY RECEPTACLE TYPE AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

RECEPTACLE TYPE TOTALSNO. OF TIMES

ESTABLISHMENT RISK*

Container type Indonesia Malaysia

200L water drum 17 0 17 0

Other water containers 4 0 4 0

Tyres 0 1 1 0

TOTALS 21 1 22 0

RISK* 0 0 0

Note: Data on detection of exotic mosquitoes on fishing vessels provided by AQIS.

*RISK importations are defined as evidence of hatching of adult mosquito/es on vessels/aircraft/cargo on inspection, including pupal skins in imported receptacles, observation of flying adults associated

with imported cargo or eggs in ovitraps, where the importation has led to probable escape of adults to land.

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\quarantine0405\receptacletype Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE 4A:

TOTAL NUMBER OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY - 2004/2005.SUMMARIZED BY RECEPTACLE TYPE AND SPECIES.

RECEPTACLE TYPE

No. of times detected

Total no. of larvae


Total no. of larvae


Total no. of larvae

200L water drum 17 76# 0 0 17 76#

Other water containers 4 11 0 0 4 11

Tyres 1* 3 1* 1 1* 4

TOTALS 22* 90# 1* 1 22* 91#Note: There may be more than one species present at detection. Data on detection of exotic mosquitoes on fishing vessels provided by AQIS.# When no sample or further details was forwarded to MEB, the number of larvae was set as '1'.* Includes detection of 2 species in single receptacle on same vessel

TIMES SPECIES RECORDED

Ae. aegypti Ae. albopictus

TOTALS

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\quarantine0405\receptacle_species Medical Entomology Branch DHCS25/01/2006

TABLE 4B: SUMMARY OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY. 2004/2005. IMPORTATION SOURCE AND MOSQUITO SPECIES.

IMPORTATION SOURCE


Total no. of larvae


Total no. of larvae


Total no. of larvae

Illegal Fishing Vessel 21 87# 0 0 21 87#

Barge 1* 3 1* 1 1* 4

TOTALS 22* 90# 1* 1 22* 91#Note: There may be more than one species present at detection. Data on detection of exotic mosquitoes on fishing vessels provided by AQIS.# When no sample or further details was forwarded to MEB, the number of larvae was set '1'.* Includes detection of 2 species in single receptacle on same vessel

TOTALS

Ae. aegypti


Ae. albopictus

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\quarantine0405\vessel_species Medical Entomology Branch DHCS25/01/2006

TABLE 4C : SUMMARY OF EXOTIC MOSQUITO IMPORTATIONS INTO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY - 2004/2005.COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND MOSQUITO SPECIES.

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN


Total no. of larvae


Total no. of larvae


Total no. of larvae

Indonesia 21 87# 0 0 21 87#

Malaysia 1* 3 1* 1 1* 4

TOTAL NUMBER OF IMPORTATIONS 22* 90# 1* 1 22* 91#Note: There may be more than one species present at detection. Data on detection of exotic mosquitoes on fishing vessels provided by AQIS.# When no sample or further details was forwarded to MEB, the number of larvae was set '1'.* Includes detection of 2 species in single receptacle on same vessel


Ae. aegypti

TOTALS

Ae. albopictus

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\quarantine0405\country_species Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE 5:RECEPTACLE BREEDING SURVEYS IN THE NT - JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005

Darwin Darwin Darwin Darwin Darwin Darwin Nhulunbuy Tennant Creek#

Shoal Bay Recycling

Centre

Dinah Beach, Frances Bay, Port Darwin

Caravan Parks East Arm Nurseries Tyre Yards

Number of premises inspected 1 6 4 2 2 1 2 N/A

Number of receptacles found 24 97 55 73 1149 57 130 N/A

Number of receptacles sampled 19 61 51 47 68 30 129 N/A

Number of receptacles holding water 19 61 51 47 68 30 95 N/A

Number of receptacles breeding 12 30 30 24 30 5 12 N/A

Receptacle (container) Index * 63.2 49.2 58.8 51.1 44.1 16.7 12.6 N/A

# Receptacle surveys in and around Tennant Creek were part of the Aedes aegypti eradication program. For details refer to chapter 4.* Receptacle Index: percentage of receptacles positive for mosquito larvae of number of receptacles holding water

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\containerbreed0405\Container 0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE 6: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - NHULUNBUY. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH


Sum of No of larvae


Sum of No of larvae


Sum of No of larvae



G1 Nhulunbuy Gove Airport Port 14 9 64.29 4 72 1 2 6 129 5 0

G2 Nhulunbuy Customs Enclosure Port 11 1 9.09 1 118 0 0 0 0 10 3

G3 Wallaby Beach Wallaby Beach Yacht Club Port 13 4 30.77 0 0 4 101 2 28 9 1

G4 Wallaby Beach Cargo Wharf Port 12 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 2

G5 Nhulunbuy Export Wharf Port 2 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5

G6 Nhulunbuy Lot 442 Tamarind Ave no 2 Residential 3 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4

Totals 55 14 5 190 5 103 8 157 41 15

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 25.45 35.71 35.71 57.14

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 38.00 20.60 19.63



NUMBER POSITIVE


TYPE


Not collected mosquitoesCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) tremulus Nil mosquitoes

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Nhulunbuy\Nhulunbuy_data\Nhul_OVNO0405\nhul_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 25/01/2006

TABLE: 7 MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005.TOTAL NUMBERS OF EIGHT SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT

IN ELEVEN CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NO. OF AVERAGE %NO. TRAP PER

An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Oc. (Och) vigilax Other NIGHTS TRAP

1 Leanyer Gate 165 37 132 5 179 3476 398 794 497 5683 52 109.29 5.61

2 Longwood 357 284 57 6 139 3500 59 1235 385 6022 52 115.81 5.95

3 Leanyer Dump 407 146 197 25 274 6266 918 1691 619 10543 52 202.75 10.41

4 Karama 2451 599 76 49 2051 8501 58 3360 898 18043 52 346.98 17.82

5 Palm Creek 13057 601 125 309 5019 17790 173 2464 2677 42215 52 811.83 41.69

6 Marrara Round Swamp 78 7 6 121 552 1679 26 234 227 2930 52 56.35 2.89

7 Aviation Museum 75 18 2 14 1317 2363 39 358 1299 5485 52 105.48 5.42

8 Marrara Rifle Range 205 19 0 58 264 827 25 119 472 1989 52 38.25 1.96

9 Casuarina 196 95 1 5 274 1846 37 2173 639 5266 52 101.27 5.20

10 Coconut Grove 13 7 1 0 46 422 2 298 377 1166 52 22.42 1.15

11 Totem Road 24 28 4 2 107 896 15 589 244 1909 52 36.71 1.89

TOTALS 17028 1841 601 594 10222 47566 1750 13315 8334 101251 572 177.01 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 29.77 3.22 1.05 1.04 17.87 83.16 3.06 23.28 14.57 177.01

PERCENTAGE % 16.82 1.82 0.59 0.59 10.10 46.98 1.73 13.15 8.23 100.00

Cx. annulirostris grp. * includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\dmss_11sites_Cxgrp_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 8: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2004 TO JUNE 2005.TOTAL NUMBERS OF EIGHT SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE 20 WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NO. OF AVERAGE %NO. TRAP PER

An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Oc. (Och) vigilax Other NIGHTS TRAP

1 Leanyer Gate 165 37 132 5 179 3473 398 794 500 5683 52 109.29 3.67

2 Longwood Avenue 357 284 57 6 139 3496 59 1235 389 6022 52 115.81 3.89

3 Leanyer Dump 407 146 197 25 274 6258 918 1691 627 10543 52 202.75 6.82

4 Malak 840 363 125 86 1188 6547 158 1528 547 11382 52 218.88 7.36

5 Karama 2451 599 76 49 2051 8303 58 3360 1096 18043 52 346.98 11.66

6 Holmes Jungle 9282 631 595 324 2619 11487 892 2417 1406 29653 52 570.25 19.17

7 Palm Creek 13057 601 125 309 5019 17596 173 2464 2871 42215 52 811.83 27.29

8 Marrara Round Swamp 78 7 6 121 552 1505 26 234 401 2930 52 56.35 1.89

9 Aviation Museum 75 18 2 14 1317 2130 39 358 1532 5485 52 105.48 3.55

10 Marrara Rifle Range 205 19 0 58 264 794 25 119 505 1989 52 38.25 1.29

12 Casuarina 196 95 1 5 274 1839 37 2173 646 5266 52 101.27 3.40

13 Rapid Creek 1 5 0 0 56 466 1 840 430 1799 52 34.60 1.16

14 Coconut Grove 13 7 1 0 46 422 2 298 377 1166 52 22.42 0.75

15 Totem Road 24 28 4 2 107 891 15 589 249 1909 52 36.71 1.23

16 Fannie Bay 3 10 0 1 200 566 2 1069 918 2769 51 54.29 1.79

17 Botanic Gardens 26 16 0 2 93 760 14 476 350 1737 52 33.40 1.12

18 Bayview Haven 3 3 0 1 121 287 3 180 614 1212 52 23.31 0.78

19 Palmerston 67 9 19 41 700 1170 40 109 267 2422 52 46.58 1.57

20 Vestys Beach*1 5 11 1 1 34 484 5 483 190 1214 31 39.16 0.78

21 Richardson Park*2 3 9 0 0 97 645 3 50 442 1249 24 52.04 0.81

TOTALS 27258 2898 1341 1050 15330 69119 2868 20467 14357 154688 990 156.25 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 27.53 2.93 1.35 1.06 15.48 69.82 2.90 20.67 14.50 156.25

PERCENTAGE % 17.62 1.87 0.87 0.68 9.91 44.68 1.85 13.23 9.28 100.00


Note: *1 - Vestys Beach monitoring period of 30/11/04 to 28/6/05 only.*2 - Richardson Park monitoring period of 10/8/04 to 28/6/05 only.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\dmss_ALLsites_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 31/01/2006

TABLE 9: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWINAVERAGE NUMBERS OF EIGHT SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE ELEVEN

CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

An. (Ano) bancroftii 13.83 14.45 27.02 38.86 24.11 38.09 21.82 7.57 34.97 47.54 22.85 11.52 14.77 19.62 29.77

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 2.39 2.63 1.83 6.81 6.53 13.78 5.51 1.95 22.33 34.50 5.18 10.10 3.88 6.23 3.22

An. (Cel) hilli 1.13 1.44 1.54 2.61 1.54 2.76 6.73 1.76 3.93 5.44 5.18 3.92 2.09 1.36 1.05

An. (Cel) meraukensis 4.25 4.30 1.86 10.06 9.94 2.98 2.46 2.40 7.94 3.92 2.69 0.80 2.06 4.17 1.04

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 8.40 9.66 27.41 10.49 11.26 31.12 15.22 17.92 27.70 35.24 30.81 19.12 20.90 29.87 17.87

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 73.15 24.78 34.98 89.33 53.73 51.37 64.55 60.89 91.24 77.99 64.67 52.04 86.06 147.93 83.16

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 1.20 2.67 1.52 1.69 1.87 16.21 0.60 1.40 2.43 9.81 8.95 1.42 0.81 1.81 3.06

Oc. (Och) vigilax 23.84 10.77 20.50 138.07 58.19 17.45 20.15 23.38 66.50 16.22 9.03 12.06 94.46 63.13 23.28

Other species 23.01 11.99 13.95 27.82 41.74 22.80 25.14 16.32 40.36 28.83 14.64 21.98 23.26 30.95 14.57

TOTALS 151.20 82.69 130.61 325.74 208.91 196.56 162.18 133.59 297.40 259.49 164.00 132.94 248.29 305.08 177.01

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. * includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis

Changes to trap sitesTotem Road commenced 8/5/1985. Trap site moved approx 20 m (remained within Tropicus Nursery) 7/1/1992Marrara SE ceased 18/10/94 & was replaced by Aviation Museum on the 25/10/95

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\DMaver8sp(11)90_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 10: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWINTOTAL NUMBERS OF ALL MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE ELEVEN

CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SITE TRAP SITENO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

1 Leanyer Gate 8647 5658 9672 22609 10876 13865 9147 9800 20164 21042 6338 8611 14797 10166 5683

2 Longwood 8572 4358 6122 25482 12180 9429 5585 4565 12223 8230 4255 6031 7087 9749 6022

3 Leanyer Dump 12717 4315 6530 22259 9835 9749 8780 7491 11603 10559 9755 7910 19508 20872 10543

4 Karama 13380 8146 12080 28521 13709 18253 14381 13140 35279 32202 22269 15029 27282 36818 18043

5 Palm Creek 25509 12974 24775 46982 26817 38163 33312 19672 50650 50169 32557 20602 38140 56930 42215

6 Marrara Round Swamp 1905 2012 2797 3753 4602 4337 5349 5470 7012 3242 3391 2552 5204 6050 2930

7 Marrara S.E./Aviation Museum 4885 4646 6671 8841 4956 5719 3961 3068 5422 6940 5576 5780 7036 10115 5485

8 Marrara Rifle Range 2908 1378 1242 3723 4089 3484 2820 5003 9171 4635 3958 2620 3907 5995 1989

9 Casuarina 3851 1299 3423 14223 23334 6441 6316 6525 11081 6593 3496 2913 11774 12129 5266

10 Coconut Grove 2738 1055 1010 5593 3560 1326 1130 1013 1453 856 256 1357 2058 2702 1166

11 Totem Road 1370 1206 1826 4330 3025 1661 1982 2129 6047 3706 1961 2506 4981 5725 1909

TOTALS 86482 47047 76148 186316 116983 112427 92763 77876 170105 148174 93812 75911 141774 177251 101251

TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 572 569 583 572 560 572 572 583 572 571 572 571 571 581 572

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 151.19 82.68 130.61 325.73 208.90 196.55 162.17 133.58 297.39 259.50 164.01 132.94 248.29 305.08 177.01

Totem Road commenced 8/5/1985. Trap site moved approx 20 m (remained within Tropicus Nursery) 7/1/1992Marrara South East ceased 18/10/94 & was replaced by Aviation Museum on the 25/10/95

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Dm0405an\DMTOTSP_11sites_90_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 11 : DARWIN - ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY SITES 2004/05

AB

AT

E 1

0SG

AB

AT

E 5

0SG

AB

AT

E 1

00E

AL

TO

SID

VE

CT

OB

AC

NO

TR

EA

TM

EN

T R

EQ

UIR

ED

NO

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N A

VA

ILA

B

NO

T T

RE

AT

ED

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

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etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

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etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es s

peci

es d

etec

ted

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Casuarina Coastal ReserveLee PointCharles Darwin National ParkAlawa NTU 360 104 108 148 0 28.89 75 7 2 1 2 256 7 10 1 3 0 0 0 0 4 17 1 1 0 0 1 1 11 42 0 0 1 2 1 3 5 44 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 33 33 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 389 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 3 3 5 23 70

Darwin Botanic Gardens 232 40 113 78 1 17.24 12 0 0 0 27 191 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 15 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 22 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Darwin City Suburbs 955 326 327 302 0 34.14 256 21 0 2 10 629 28 9 0 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 12 25 119 1 1 0 0 4 38 15 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 7 138 138 120 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 15 4 7 227 1092 6 51 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 44

TOTALS 1547 470 548 528 1 343 28 2 3 39 1076 36 20 1 3 1 2 2 2 5 18 1 1 1 1 3 13 38 169 1 1 1 2 5 41 22 123 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 8 9 173 173 163 0 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 15 4 7 282 1503 6 51 3 5 1 1 2 3 3 5 42 114

TREATMENT DESCRIPTION OF SITE(NO. OF TIMES OF TREATMENT)


mos

quito

es u

nide

ntifi

able

(d

amag

ed)

Mu.

alte

rnan

s

N/A

mos

quito

Cx.

(Cux

) ann

ulir

ostr

is

Cx.

(Cux

) bita

enio

rhyn

chus

Cx.

(Cux

) spe

cies

Cx.

(Cux

) pal

palis

Cx.

(Cux

) qui

nque

fasc

iatu

s

Cx.

(Cux

) siti

ens

SURVEY DETAILS

PER

CE

NT

OF

TIM

ES

SIT

E P

OSI

TIV

E F

OR

BR

EE

DIN

G

Ur.

(Ura

) lat

eral

is

Oc.

(Och

) pha

ecas

iatu

s

No

sam

ple

sent

SUBURB

Cx.

(Cux

) spe

cies

32

Cx.

(Cux

) squ

amos

us

NU

MB

ER

OF

SIT

ES

SUR

VE

YE

D

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

BR

EE

DIN

G

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

NO

T B

RE

ED

ING

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

BR

EE

DIN

G N

OT

APP

LIC

AB

LE

D

UE

TO

AB

SEN

CE

OF

WA

TE

R P

OO

LIN

G

Cx.

(Cui

) pul

lus

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

NO

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N O

N

BR

EE

DIN

G C

OL

LE

CT

ED

Ae. (

Adm

) alb

oscu

tella

tus

Ae. s

peci

es

An. (

Cel

) am

ictu

s

An. (

Cel

) far

auti

s.l.

An. (

Cel

) hill

i

Cul

icin

e pu

pae

not i

dent

ified

mos

quito

es

Nil

mos

quito

es

Oc.

(Fin

) not

oscr

iptu

s

Oc.

(Mac

) tre

mul

us

Ve. (

Ver)

fune

rea

Oc.

(Och

) vig

ilax

Oc.

dal

iens

is

Rh. l

ongi

rost

ris

Ur.

(Ura

) alb

esce

ns

Ur.

(Ura

) spe

cies

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\mosquito_control_monitoring\darwin\chartab\larval\BotcasDcc\summary0405\BotCasDcc0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 12:ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION PER MONTH)

JUL 2004 TO JUN 2005

FINANCIAL YEAR REGION TOTALS


JULY 1 0 6 0 0 7

AUGUST 0 0 8 0 0 8

SEPTEMBER 0 0 0 0 0 0

OCTOBER 1 0 2 0 0 3

NOVEMBER 1 0 3 1 0 5

DECEMBER 0 0 8 2 0 10

JANUARY 0 0 14 1 3 18

FEBRUARY 1 0 40 3 9 53

MARCH 0 0 28 2 3 33

APRIL 0 0 14 2 3 19

MAY 0 0 4 0 1 5

JUNE 0 0 9 1 2 12

TOTALS 4 0 136 12 21 173

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Rrv0405\rrvmonthreg0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS01/02/2006

TABLE 13:

BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC

(BY REGION PER MONTH)JUL 2004 TO JUN 2005

MONTH REGION TOTALS


JULY 0 0 1 0 0 1

AUGUST 0 0 1 0 0 1

SEPTEMBER 1 0 2 0 0 3

OCTOBER 1 0 0 0 0 1

NOVEMBER 0 0 3 0 0 3

DECEMBER 0 0 0 0 0 0

JANUARY 0 0 2 0 1 3

FEBRUARY 2 0 5 1 0 8

MARCH 1 0 3 0 0 4

APRIL 2 0 9 1 1 13

MAY 0 0 4 0 0 4

JUNE 0 0 1 0 1 2

TOTALS 7 0 31 2 3 43

F:\ento\ento_files\diseases\barmah_forest\barmah_forest_2001_\bf_cases\bf0405month Medical Entomology Branch DHCS01/02/2006

TABLE 14:ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGIONS) 1990/91 TO 2004/05



1990/91 31 49 306 22 45 453

1991/92 3 6 116 54 15 194

1992/93 12 32 188 29 36 297

1993/94 1 4 286 23 20 334

1994/95 35 5 281 20 38 379

1995/96 1 4 67 17 24 113

1996/97 51 24 123 5 28 231

1997/98 5 1 86 11 21 124

1998/99 1 7 112 11 16 147

1999/00 16 9 98 9 27 159

2000/01 7 69 106 4 48 234

2001/02 1 5 41 7 17 71

2002/03 0 5 99 10 20 134

2003/04 5 1 170 7 20 203

2004/05 4 0 136 12 21 173TOTALS 173 221 2215 241 396 3246

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Rrv0405\casereg90_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 15: BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGIONS)1991/92 TO 2004/05



1991/92 0 1 0 41 0 42

1992/93 1 0 10 7 2 20

1993/94 0 1 24 6 2 33

1994/95 0 0 9 1 2 12

1995/96 1 0 17 4 3 25

1996/97 4 5 24 4 6 43

1997/98 1 1 11 2 5 20

1998/99 0 0 17 5 2 24

1999/00 1 1 8 2 1 13

2000/01 1 5 14 6 7 33

2001/02 0 1 18 5 1 25

2002/03 2 0 13 2 1 18

2003/04 3 1 5 2 3 14

2004/05 7 0 31 2 3 43

TOTALS 21 16 201 89 38 365

F:\ento\ento_files\disease\barmah_forest\barmah_forest_2001_\bf_cases\BFcases1992-05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS01/02/2006

TABLE 16:

Year Month of onset

Ethnicity Sex Age Virus Location of infection(Region)

No's. Comment

1974 February MVEV Tennant Creek (Barkly) 1March MVEV Alice Springs (Alice) 1March MVEV Alice Springs (Alice) 1March MVEV Katherine (Katherine) 1April MVEV Barkly Area 1

1981 March MVEV Groote Eylandt (East Arnhem) 1

1987 July A M 18 mth MVEV Belyuen (Darwin) 1

1988 March A M 1 mth MVEV Maningrida (Darwin) 1April O M 7 mth MVEV South Alligator (Darwin) 1

May A M 4 MVEV Maningrida (Darwin) 1

1991 April O F 74 MVEV Berry Springs (Darwin) 1 Patient diedMay A M 8 mth MVEV Tanami (Alice) 1

1993 April A F 6 mth MVEV Beswick (Katherine) 1April A F 1 MVEV Lajamanu (Katherine) 1 Patient diedApril O F 38 MVEV Darwin 1April O M 23 MVEV Tennant Creek (Barkly) 1May U F 33 MVEV Katherine (Katherine) 1May O M 62 MVEV Katherine (Katherine) 1April O M 33 MVEV Katherine (Katherine) 1

1997 March MVEV* Alice Springs (Alice) 1 Died. Presumptive caseCont NT, notif Qld

May KUNV Eva Downs (Barkly) 1May KUNV Eva Downs (Barkly) 1 Cont NT, notified in WAJune KUNV Eva Downs/Ten Ck.(Barkly) 1

2000 March A F 3 mth MVEV Willowra (Alice) 1 Flaccid quadraplegiaMarch A M 69 MVEV Docker River (Alice) 1 Severe impairmentApril A M 2 mth MVEV Hermannsburg (Alice) 1 Recovery completeMay O M 15 MVEV Borroloola/Roper (Katherine) 1 Igm + ve plus clinical April A KUNV Hermannsburg (Alice) 1 Recovery complete

2001 February O F 49 MVEV Alice Springs (Alice) 1 Flaccid quadraparesisFebruary O M U MVEV Alice Springs (Alice) 1 RecoveredMarch O M 11 KUNV Alice Springs (Alice) 1

May A F 23 KUNV Alice Springs (Alice) 1

July A F 2 MVEV Mudjinberri/Oenpelli (Darwin) 1 Recovered2004 April A F 10 mth MVEV Willowra (Alice) 1 Flaccid quadraparesis2005 March A M 3 MVEV Oenpelli (Darwin) 1

Total 34

LOCATION AND MONTH OF ONSET OF CASES OF MVEV OR KUNV DISEASE 1974-2005 CONTRACTED IN THE NT

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND COMMUNITY SERVICES

* Presumptive Case, A Aboriginal, O Other

F:\ento\ento_files\public-information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\MVE0405\MVE 0304 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 17: ARBOVIRUS RISK PERIODS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

VIRUS FROM VECTORS/

ABUNDANCE &

LONGEVITY

FROM VIRUS

ISOLATION

FROM SENTINEL ANIMALS

FROM CASE

DATA

PEAK RISK

PERIOD

PROBABLE

MAIN RISK

PERIOD

MVE JAN-SEPT MAR DEC-OCT FEB-JULY FEB-MAY JAN-JULY

KUNJIN JAN-SEPT APRIL-JUN DEC-SEPT MARCH-JUN FEB-MAY JAN-JULY

RR NOV-SEPT JAN-APR - JAN-DEC JAN-MAR DEC-JUN

BF NOV-SEPT DEC-APR - DEC-OCT JAN-MAR DEC-JUN

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\meb_anrp_0405\Arbovirus risk\Arbovirus risk Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 18: SUMMARY OF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE 2004/05NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING

LOCATION July August September October November December January February March April May June + ve Totals Totals bledDarwin Rural Date bled 20\7 26/8 28/9 28/10 25/11 22/12 25/01 22/2 29/3 03/5; 31/5 28/6Howard Springs Nos bled 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 9 8; 8 7 127

Flock changeFlavi only 0KUNV 1 0; 1 2MVEV 1 1MVEV/KUNV 0

Darwin urban Date bled 20\7 26/8 28/9 28/10 25/11 22/12 25/01 22/2 29/3 03/5; 31/5 28/6Leanyer Nos bled 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 8; 6 2 102

Flock changeFlavi only 0; 1 1KUNV 1 1 1 1; 1 5MVEV 0MVEV/KUNV 0

Coastal Plains Research Date bled 29/7 19/8 16/9 21/10 11/11 06/01; 10/01 10/2 10/3 07/4 05/5 02/6Research Station Nos bled 7 7 7 7 7 7; 11 12 12 12 12 12 113Adelaide River Flock change

Flavi only 1;0 1KUNV 0MVEV 2 2MVEV/KUNV 0

Nhulunbuy Date bled 25/7 05/9 17/10 07/01 06/2 13/3 24/4 22/5 26/6Nos bled 7 7 6 12 11 10 9 7 3 72Flock change New FlockFlavi only 0KUNV 4 4MVEV 1 1MVEV/KUNV 1 1

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\2004_05\sentch0405\sentinel chicken results 0405

Medical Entomology Branch DHCS01/02/2006

TABLE 18: SUMMARY OF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE 2004/05NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING

LOCATION July August September October November December January February March April May June +ve Totals Totals bledKatherine Date bled 28/7 10/9 12/10 18/11 14/12 12/01 17/2 14/3 22/4 09/6

Nos bled 8 12 12 10 11 10 6 4 12 12 97Flock change New flock New flockFlavi only 0KUNV 0MVEV 1 2 1 4MVEV/KUNV 0

Tennant Creek Date bled 17/9 19/10 18/11 16/3 11/4 24/5 27/6Nos bled 9 9 9 9 8 8 7 59Flock changeFlavi only 0KUNV 0MVEV 1 1MVEV/KUNV 0

Alice Springs Date bled 06/7 04/8 01/9 11/10 02/11; 30/11 21/12 01/02 03/3 04/5 15/6Arid Zone Nos bled 12 12 12 12 12; 12 11 9 8 11 11 122Research Flock change New flockInstitution Flavi only 0

KUNV 0MVEV 0MVEV/KUNV 0

Alice Springs Date bled 06/7 04/8 01/9 11/10 02/11; 30/11 04/5 15/6Ilparpa Nos bled 11 11 11 11 9; 9 12 12 86

Flock change New flockFlavi only 0KUNV 0MVEV 0MVEV/KUNV 0

Kakadu Date bled 08/11 13/12 09/2 04/4 17/6Jabiru Nos bled 12 9 7 8 8 44

Flock change New FlockFlavi only 0KUNV 0MVEV 1 2 3MVEV/KUNV 0

Totals Flavi only 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2KUNV 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 7 0 11MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 6 12MVEV/KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1Number bled 68 53 80 78 101 52 61 65 61 49 80 74 0 822

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\2004_05\sentch0405\sentinel chicken results 0405

Medical Entomology Branch DHCS01/02/2006

TABLE 19: SUMMARY OF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE BY MONTH JUL 1992 - JUN 2005 NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING

MEB - DHCS

LOCATION Flock established July August September October November December January February March April May June + ve Totals Totals bledDarwin Rural January 1992 Nos bled 96 120 93 108 89 111 122 98 107 142 168 141 1395Howard Springs KUNV 2 1 3 3 1 3 1 4 2 20

MVEV 1 2 1 1 1 6 6 18Darwin urban September 1992 Nos bled 140 131 152 155 123 144 119 106 106 125 153 131 1585Leanyer KUNV 2 1 1 1 2 2 7 3 19

MVEV 1 11 1 5 4 22Coastal Plains July 1993 Nos bled 123 138 142 108 137 88 121 139 153 171 151 134 1605Adelaide River KUNV 3 1 1 3 1 9

MVEV 3 2 5 10 4 8 3 35Nhulunbuy January 1992 Nos bled 53 54 82 65 40 26 56 71 66 45 65 51 674

KUNV 1 1 3 1 7 13MVEV 1 3 5 3 12

Katherine June 1993 Nos bled 91 83 78 105 60 113 95 112 126 122 94 94 1173KUNV 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 12MVEV 2 2 1 4 7 5 9 2 32

Tennant Creek February 1995 Nos bled 34 40 22 48 59 50 78 67 68 109 87 45 707KUNV 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 13MVEV 25 9 12 8 54

Alice Springs November 1996 Nos bled 79 87 88 76 80 84 46 64 96 78 67 90 935Arid Zone KUNV 2 1 3Research MVEV 1 5 4 8 2 2 22InstitutionAlice Springs January 2002 Nos bled 23 34 34 34 30 24 24 24 35 47 34 47 390Ilparpa KUNV

MVEVKakadu November 2004 Nos bled 12 9 7 8 8 44Jabiru KUNV 0

MVEV 1 2 3Totals KUNV 6 8 5 0 1 4 3 7 10 12 24 9 89

MVEV 7 3 1 5 0 1 1 40 41 34 43 22 198Number bled 639 687 691 699 630 649 661 688 757 847 819 741 8505

F:\ento_ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\suumary_tables\1991_05_chick_sum\seroc_month_9105 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 20: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM JABIRUAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE


SPECIES1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05


An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 0.58 0.37 1.34 1.61 0.63 5.77 1.04 3.51 13.96 9.97 9.55 1.44 2.82 2.40 1.50




Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 13.94 9.11 2.99 7.73 3.74 20.99 2.66 11.89 23.80 4.53 13.94 18.63 8.31 34.04 27.54

Oc. (Och) normanensis 28.72 4.77 3.02 5.85 3.46 7.32 3.92 1.87 3.30 1.65 0.55 0.41 0.61 1.26 1.05

Oc. (Och) vigilax 10.50 15.37 11.26 101.16 4.27 3.94 5.02 0.85 46.33 2.60 6.45 14.12 12.75 8.54 9.57

Other species 20.95 31.32 13.27 21.01 83.78 14.11 6.44 13.06 11.96 12.80 11.57 16.44 22.78 9.93 11.88

TOTALS 1660.30 3402.39 1789.97 3559.84 1529.49 1430.61 967.51 2207.50 1342.38 799.52 855.17 1141.54 1000.69 1349.96 1787.41

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes: Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp. and Cx. palpalis.

AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Jabiru\rain_disease_species_Jabiru_0405\JMaver8sp_90_05_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 20A: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM JABIRUAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05


An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 0.58 0.37 1.34 1.61 0.63 5.77 1.04 3.51 13.96 9.97 9.55 1.44 2.82 2.40 1.37




Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 13.94 9.11 2.99 7.73 3.74 20.99 2.66 11.89 23.80 4.53 13.94 18.63 8.31 34.04 26.42


Oc. (Och) vigilax 10.50 15.37 11.26 101.16 4.27 3.94 5.02 0.85 46.33 2.60 6.45 14.12 12.75 8.54 8.79

Other species 20.95 31.32 13.27 21.01 83.78 14.11 6.44 13.06 11.96 12.80 11.57 16.44 22.78 9.93 11.30

TOTALS 1660.30 3402.39 1789.97 3559.84 1529.49 1430.61 967.51 2207.50 1342.38 799.52 855.17 1141.54 1000.69 1349.96 1688.70

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes: Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp. and Cx. palpalis.


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Jabiru\rain_disease_species_Jabiru_0405\JMaver8sp_90_05_(monit_sites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 21: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - JABIRU. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH


Sum of No of larvae



J1 Jabiru East Gagudju Crocodile Holiday Inn Residential 5 0 0.000 0 5 5

J2 Jabiru East Jabiru Caravan Park Caravan 5 0 0.000 0 5 5

J3 Jabiru EastBowali Visitors Centre National Park Headquarters Residential 5 1 20.00

1 69 4 5

Totals 15 1 1 69 14 15

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 6.67 100.00

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 69.00


Oc. (Mac) tremulus Nil mosquitoesNot collected mosquitoes



NUMBER POSITIVE


LOCATION TYPE

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_program\ovitraps\Jabiru\Jabiru_data\jabiru_OVNO0405\jabiru_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 22: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUYAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

FIVE CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1994/95 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 1.74 1.85 2.27 3.07 1.39 1.30 1.60 4.82 3.38 3.39 3.87

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 2.37 4.56 2.61 9.61 9.39 9.89 3.86 5.78 1.58 3.44 9.98

An. (Cel) meraukensis 0.69 0.77 0.80 0.54 0.81 0.45 1.14 0.33 0.24 0.96 1.60

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 1.59 3.10 3.29 1.69 7.66 3.14 8.00 4.61 5.32 22.21 16.59

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 19.74 24.39 26.30 36.52 39.25 34.05 37.67 100.55 115.81 52.83 81.96

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 5.15 12.83 8.88 9.97 22.84 29.44 36.62 19.58 0.77 8.45 32.23

Oc. (Och) vigilax 14.45 75.69 35.18 44.26 84.29 43.45 32.97 95.74 65.02 98.65 135.04

Other species 7.07 10.73 9.55 12.41 14.35 13.41 15.96 37.42 9.70 12.41 13.69

TOTALS 52.79 133.91 88.88 118.09 179.97 135.13 137.82 268.83 201.82 202.34 294.96

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp. and Cx. palpalis.


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Nhulunbuy\rain_disease_species_Nhul_0405\GMaver7sp94_05_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 22A: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUYAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

SIX WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 1.40 2.65 4.87 2.67 1.74 1.85 2.27 3.07 1.39 1.30 1.60 4.82 3.38 3.39 3.42

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 16.12 25.39 14.51 6.28 2.37 4.56 2.61 9.61 9.39 9.89 3.86 5.78 1.58 3.44 8.82




Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 6.51 3.06 4.67 11.76 5.15 12.83 8.88 9.97 22.84 29.44 36.62 19.58 0.77 8.45 28.48

Oc. (Och) vigilax 78.94 81.59 52.67 57.77 14.45 75.69 35.18 44.26 84.29 43.45 32.97 95.74 65.02 98.65 124.56

Other species 9.30 12.46 10.29 9.27 7.07 10.73 9.55 12.41 14.35 13.41 15.96 37.42 9.70 12.41 13.45

TOTALS 136.38 154.01 112.02 137.24 52.79 133.91 88.88 118.09 179.97 135.13 137.82 268.83 201.82 202.34 268.42



F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Nhulunbuy\rain_disease_species_Nhul_0405\GMaver7sp90_05_(monit_sites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 23: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINEAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

3 CONTINUOUS FORTNIGHTLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

An. (Cel) amictus 63.16 2.93 10.34 7.77 2.89 5.78 7.60 6.93 7.01 3.95 3.53 3.92 1.58 1.80 4.65


Cx. (Cui) pullus 4.58 0.15 2.43 5.66 16.52 0.59 8.69 18.32 7.25 22.53 50.96 33.66 19.42 38.17 1.40


Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 2.84 0.98 0.87 1.45 1.82 1.09 2.94 1.26 1.28 1.37 4.34 5.91 1.80 17.01 6.16


Oc. (Och) vigilax 1.34 0.26 0.60 1.17 1.41 0.09 0.51 0.30 2.15 1.37 0.13 0.34 0.66 2.09 0.05

Other species 2.87 0.67 1.00 0.55 2.53 1.34 2.69 0.81 5.39 14.72 22.15 13.21 3.09 9.05 3.50

TOTALS 274.87 35.85 154.06 107.77 137.01 38.97 95.32 149.11 62.54 107.49 148.13 266.68 69.83 136.58 27.21

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp.* and Cx. palpalis.

Continuous trap sites includes Dairy Dam, Meatworks and Katherine Sewage Ponds


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Katherine\rain_disease_species_Kath_0405\KMaver7sp90_05_(3Continsites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 24: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINEAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN

ALL FORTNIGHTLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES

1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

An. (Cel) amictus 44.09 2.71 8.71 6.71 2.54 4.75 6.19 6.53 5.56 5.74 4.67 7.22 1.30 2.04 3.24


Cx. (Cui) pullus 10.69 1.56 7.94 7.94 35.60 0.95 14.60 16.17 7.12 24.28 56.07 31.09 26.70 37.23 1.99




Oc. (Och) vigilax 1.18 0.21 0.51 1.51 1.67 0.08 0.63 0.39 2.06 1.22 0.23 0.37 0.78 2.47 0.12

Other species 3.95 1.77 2.20 1.47 3.09 1.61 3.73 1.97 7.24 19.01 31.24 14.94 6.59 10.11 8.90

TOTALS 352.80 62.37 156.81 127.67 159.68 32.58 108.44 151.61 71.76 161.93 201.13 305.14 80.51 131.51 30.58



F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Katherine\rain_disease_species_Kath_0405\KMaver7sp90_05_(Allsites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 01/02/2006

TABLE 25: SUMMARY OF KATHERINE ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY SITES 2004/05

TRAP LOCATION NU

MB

ER

OF

SUR

VE

YS

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

SIT

E

BR

EE

DIN

GN

UM

BE

R O

F T

IME

S N

OT

B

RE

ED

ING

NO

T A

PPL

ICA

BL

E

NO

T C

OL

LE

CT

ED

PER

CE

NT

BR

EE

DIN

G

AB

AT

E 1

0SG

NO

TR

EA

TM

EN

T

RE

QU

IRE

D

NIL

INFO

RM

AT

ION

AB

SEN

T

Times species detected

Number of larvae


Number of larvae


Number of larvae

Times of occurrence


Number of larvae


Number of larvae


Sum of larvae


Sum of larvae


Sum of larvae


Sum of larvae

Springvale 19 0 17 0 2 0 0 18 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Meatworks 183 3 81 89 10 2 0 180 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 2 12 3 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rowlands Dairy 153 7 59 86 1 5 1 146 0 6 1 1 1 19 0 0 60 6 227 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0Sewage Ponds (PAWA) 207 3 163 39 2 1 0 204 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 163 3 84 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Town Sites 620 24 312 284 0 4 1 596 1 22 0 0 1 5 2 8 312 15 382 13 293 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2Totals 1182 37 632 498 15 2 1144 1 35 1 1 2 24 2 8 643 26 705 16 312 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 2

SURVEY DETAILS COUNT OF TREATMENT TYPE

Nil

mos

quito

es

Cx.

(Cux

) ann

ulir

ostr

is

An.

(Cel

) hill

i

An.

(Cel

) sp

ecie

s

Cx.

(Lop

) cub

icul

i

Mos

quito

es u

nide

ntifi

able

(dam

aged

)

An.

(Cel

) ann

ulip

es s.

l.

An.

(Cel

) am

ictu

s

Cx.

(Cui

) pul

lus

Cx.

(Cux

) qui

nque

fasc

iatu

s

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\mosquito_control_monitoring\Katherine\chartabs\Larval\larval_0405\summary table_0405\Summary table0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 26: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - KATHERINE JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of larvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of larvae

No of timesdetected

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of larvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of larvae

No of timesdetected

K1 Katherine industrial Railway Yards - Freight Terminal (Kath) Commercial 26 11 42.31 0 0 4 154 15 4 67 5 403 4 95 0K2 Katherine North Lot 1883 O'Shea Tce no. 3 (Beaurepaires) Commercial 26 12 46.15 0 0 2 20 15 11 438 1 11 0 0 0K3 Katherine North Gibson Tyre Centre Commercial 26 19 73.08 0 0 4 145 8 17 791 2 4 0 0 0K4 Katherine South Bridgestone Tyre Centre, 1129 Victoria Hwy Commercial 26 11 42.31 0 0 0 0 15 10 463 6 63 1 13 0

K5 Katherine WestPandion Haulage Pty Ltd, NT Freight, 2840 Zimin Dr Commercial 26 11 42.31

0 0 0 0 15 11 645 3 25 0 0 0

K6 Unknown-KatherineO'Keefe residence, Riverbank Dve - 1942 Museum Residential 25 18 72.00

0 0 2 28 7 18 1239 4 62 2 29 1

K7 Katherine Dairy Cycad Gardens Nursery Nursery 26 14 53.85 1 12 4 133 12 7 216 7 62 0 0 0K8 Katherine East Katherine Fire Station Commercial 26 5 19.23 0 0 4 187 21 1 1 0 0 0 0 0K9 Katherine South Katherine Showgrounds Site 1 Residential 2 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0K10 Katherine South Katherine Showgrounds Site 2 Residential 2 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Totals 211 101 1 12 20 667 112 79 3860 28 630 7 137 1

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 47.87 0.99 19.80 78.22 27.72 6.93

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 12.00 33.35 48.86 22.50 19.57


Trap failure mosquitoesAe. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Nil mosquitoes Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus


Oc. (Mac) tremulus Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis


NUMBER POSITIVE


LOCATION TYPE

F:\ento\ento_files\meb_programs\ovitraps\katherine\katherine_data\kath_OVNO0405\kath_0405 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 27: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEKAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE



An. (Cel) amictus 71.50 0.08 2.64 2.13 0.00 n/a 57.20 1.88 n/a 2.10 3.91 0.67 16.65 0.74 0.88

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 86.00 3.00 44.26 5.97 1.11 n/a 75.60 9.21 n/a 118.33 744.18 29.33 130.35 12.26 1.86

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 0.50 0.83 18.31 7.10 17.78 n/a 14.60 7.88 n/a 5.29 3.33 2.41 14.70 7.48 1.00

Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.56 n/a 3.00 0.25 n/a 7.57 19.15 2.04 0.50 0.26 0.00

Oc. (Och) normanensis 11.00 0.00 20.74 9.17 3.67 n/a 6.40 1.17 n/a 15.90 439.76 28.76 94.35 56.52 0.13

Other species 4.25 0.42 2.79 0.50 0.44 n/a 8.60 0.33 n/a 28.33 6.64 2.33 4.08 9.37 0.95

TOTALS 173.25 4.33 88.74 25.03 23.56 n/a 165.40 20.71 n/a 177.52 1216.97 65.54 260.63 86.63 4.82

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.

No traps set for 1995/96 and 1998/99

Continuous trap sites includes Ford Crescent, Hospital Grounds and Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds

Trapping is conducted in the wet season only.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Tennant Creek\rain_disease_species_Tennant_0405\TMaver3sp90_05 Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 28: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGSAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE



An. (Cel) amictus 1.02 0.30 0.18 1.45 0.55 0.00 39.09 0.09 0.16 10.62 15.56 4.31 3.61 0.44 0.05


Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 98.01 28.84 30.13 23.59 129.59 4.21 116.63 6.38 76.32 315.48 433.47 96.79 67.42 23.75 0.60

Cx. (Cux) australicus 158.95 12.89 31.54 47.20 32.45 22.44 12.10 9.40 19.18 10.75 1.03 1.04 1.89 14.85 0.37

Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus 20.76 439.82 78.54 45.18 25.02 91.97 25.89 26.49 259.82 116.90 162.29 212.52 81.09 100.48 75.75


Other species 0.40 8.02 1.35 1.34 2.00 0.19 1.06 0.31 0.79 8.79 7.44 2.81 2.41 1.15 0.12

TOTALS 777.39 534.54 170.36 159.78 236.99 129.04 215.14 48.16 376.63 483.99 636.51 323.89 164.48 149.28 78.75

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* includes: Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_0405\AMaver6sp90_05_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 29: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGSAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.


An. (Cel) amictus 1.02 0.30 0.18 1.31 0.59 0.00 52.34 0.09 0.13 21.60 13.83 4.56 2.88 0.74 0.05


Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 98.01 28.84 30.13 20.29 128.89 3.28 131.82 5.18 65.64 350.21 420.50 95.30 62.42 24.90 0.61

Cx. (Cux) australicus 158.95 12.89 31.54 42.17 28.20 22.87 10.84 7.80 16.84 10.78 1.20 1.37 1.63 12.69 0.78

Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus 20.76 439.82 78.54 44.87 22.20 94.49 30.64 22.02 232.88 115.05 154.70 225.36 63.00 93.30 74.45


Other species 0.40 8.02 1.36 1.09 1.65 0.14 0.74 0.21 0.53 5.79 4.93 1.94 1.63 0.77 0.13

TOTALS 777.39 534.54 170.36 149.94 245.26 130.15 262.82 39.83 340.56 533.56 610.58 334.38 137.84 140.66 77.72

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* includes: Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_0405\AMaver6sp90_05_(monit_sites) Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 30: ALICE SPRINGS ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY SITES 2004/05

SURVEY DETAILS

COUNT OF WATER

DESCRIPTION TYPE

SITE NO. TRAP LOCATION Po

olin

g

AB

AT

E 1

0SG

NO

INFO

RM

AT

ION

AV

AIL

AB

LE

Tim

es sp

ecie

s det

ecte

d

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es sp

ecie

s det

ecte

d

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es sp

ecie

s det

ecte

d

Num

ber o

f pup

ae

Tim

es sp

ecie

s det

ecte

d

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es sp

ecie

s det

ecte

d

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

es sp

ecie

s det

ecte

d

Num

ber o

f lar

vae

Tim

e of

occ

urre

nce

1 St Mary's drains, Health road under culverts 1 1 0 0 100 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 6 0 0 1 5 02 Lot 7746, Lettuce Farm Site 1 1 1 0 0 100 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 22 0 0 1 11 1 6 03 Lot 7746, Lettuce Farm Site 2 1 1 0 0 100 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0

3971.1 Railway Yard 1 1 0 0 100 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 26 0 0 03971.12 Drop Structure #9 - adjacent to Lot 1506 (28 Kidman St). Lot 8136 1 1 0 0 100 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 32 0 0 06665.1 Swamp A, fire break 1 1 0 0 100 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 18 0 0 1 1 06767.2 Eastern edge of Swamp A 1 1 0 0 100 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16971.2 St. Mary's Creek (culvert under railway) 2 2 0 0 100 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 11 0 0 1 75 06972.1 Percy Ct culvert (St Mary's Creek) 1 1 0 0 100 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 07746 Rifle range complex, Butler Rd., Dam 1 1 0 0 100 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTALS 11 11 0 0 11 4 7 2 3 1 1 5 45 4 36 4 71 4 87 1

Cx.

(Cux

) aus

tral

icus


PER

CE

NT

BR

EE

DIN

G

An.

(Cel

) ann

ulip

es s.

l.

Ano

phel

ine

pupa

e

TREATMENT DESCRIPTION OF

SITE

NU

MB

ER

OF

SUR

VE

YS

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

SIT

E B

RE

ED

ING

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

NO

T B

RE

ED

ING

NU

MB

ER

OF

TIM

ES

BR

EE

DIN

G N

OT

APP

LIC

AB

LE

Cx.

(Cux

) glo

boco

xitu

s

Cx.

(Cux

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Cx.

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TABLE 31: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - ALICE SPRINGS. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH

No of timesdetected

Sum of No oflarvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of larvae

No of timesdetected

Sum of No of larvae

No of timesdetected

No of timesdetected

AS1 Unknown-Alice Springs Shell Truck Stop Commercial 25 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0AS2 Unknown-Alice Springs Tony's Auto Wreckers Railyards Commercial 25 1 4.00 0 0 0 0 1 1 24 0AS3 Unknown-Alice Springs Railway Yards - Freight Terminal (A/S) Commercial 25 4 16.00 2 34 0 0 0 0 21 2AS4 Unknown-Alice Springs Alice City Tyre Power Commercial 25 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0AS5 Unknown-Alice Springs Red Dog Australiana Café (64 Todd Mall) Commercial 15 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1AS6 Unknown-Alice Springs Lot 485 McMinn St no. 5 Residential 19 5 26.32 2 5 1 178 3 9 14 4AS7 Unknown-Alice Springs Red Rock Café (60 Todd Mall) Commercial 9 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0AS8 Unknown-Alice Springs Flat 2 Grant Rd no 2 Residential 5 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0

Totals 148 10 4 39 1 178 4 10 138 7

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 6.76 40.00 10.00 40.00

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 9.75 178.00 2.50



NUMBER POSITIVE


TYPE


Not collected mosquitoesCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) tremulus Nil mosquitoes

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TABLE 32: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALYANGULAAVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE

MONTHLY AND FORTNIGHTLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2004/05.

SPECIES

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 0.76 0.14 0.29 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.89 1.85 2.38 1.05

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 0.79 0.06 0.23 1.23 0.64 1.19 1.32 1.31 0.75 0.37

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 3.06 1.66 5.14 2.35 2.52 2.68 2.89 7.11 5.09 1.97

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 8.61 13.54 10.57 4.33 11.43 10.34 5.63 20.50 10.42 7.18

Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus 2.18 3.03 2.26 10.00 5.89 3.21 0.84 2.50 2.89 1.56

Oc. (Och) vigilax 9.27 15.94 16.34 14.44 1.84 4.13 9.58 43.20 37.48 3.56

Other species 2.67 1.94 4.34 7.28 6.02 2.79 3.21 10.46 11.00 4.84

TOTALS 27.33 36.31 39.17 39.81 28.55 24.53 24.37 86.94 70.02 20.53

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris, Cx. annulirostris grp.* and Cx. palpalis.


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TABLE 33: AEDES AEGYPTI OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - ALYANGULA. JULY 2004 - JUNE 2005MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH


Sum of No of larvae


1 Alyangula Groote Wharf site 1 Port 24 1 4.17 1 55 23

2 Alyangula Groote Airport Port 24 4 16.67 4 28 20

Totals 48 5 5 83 43

% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 10.42 100.00

Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 16.60


Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus Nil mosquitoes

TIMES SPECIES RECORDED(TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE)SITE NO.

NUMBER SAMPLED

NUMBER POSITIVE


LOCATION TYPE

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TABLE 34: AQIS MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM.1 JULY 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Oc. (Fin) notoscriptus Oc. (Mac) species Oc. (Mac) species 76 Oc. (Mac) tremulus Other

1 Perkins Shipping Yard - Site 1 719 2 0 0 0 44 765 36 21.25 16.08

2 BRA (RAAF) - Site 2 121 18 6 0 21 939 1105 36 30.69 23.23

3 MHS (RAAF) - Site 3 344 39 0 0 35 176 594 37 16.05 12.49

4 Airport - Site 4 93 9 0 1 6 162 271 37 7.32 5.70

5 Grey Collar Club (DPA)- Site 5 43 6 0 0 13 137 199 33 6.03 4.18

6 (A) Rooneys - Site 6 160 3 0 0 21 81 265 19 13.95 5.57

6 (B) East Arm Wharf, AQIS trap - Site 6 18 96 0 0 34 1410 1558 15 103.87 32.75

1498 173 6 1 130 2949 4757 213 22.33 100.00

7.03 0.81 0.03 0.00 0.61 13.85 22.33

31.49 3.64 0.13 0.02 2.73 61.99 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT

PERCENTAGE %

TOTALSSITE NO. TRAP SITE


NO. OF TRAP

NIGHTS

AVERAGE PER TRAP

NIGHT

%

TOTALS

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LOCATION OF NUMBER NUMBER OF NUMBERFIRST FEVER OF CASES ENTOMOLOGICALREQUIRING

P. falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae INVESTIGATIONS MOSQUITO CONTROL

NORTHERN TERRITORY

Darwin 41 30 8 1 2 5 1

Palmerston 2 - 2 - - 2 -

Bathurst Island 1 1 - - - - -

East Arnhem, Alyangula 1 - 1 - - - -

Cape Don 1 - 1 - - - -

Tennant Creek 1 - 1 - - - -

East Arnhem, Numbulwar 1 - 1 - - - -

Katherine 1 - 1 - - - -

Wauchope 1 - 1 - - - -

QUEENSLAND 1 1 - - - - -

PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1 - 1 - - 1 1

EAST TIMOR 4 4 - - - - -

TOTALS 56 36 17 1 2 8 2

TABLE 35: MALARIA NOTIFICATIONS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORYI JULY 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005

PARASITE SPECIES

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COUNTRY OF NUMBER PARASITE SPECIES NUMBER OF NUMBERINFECTION OF CASES ENTOMOLOGICAL REQUIRING

P. falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae INVESTIGATIONS MOSQUITO CONTROL

EAST TIMOR 4 2 2 - - 1 -

WEST TIMOR 1 1 - - - - -

INDONESIA 4 3 1 - - - -

PHILLIPINES 1 - 1 - - - -

PAPUA NEW GUINEA 10 2 8 - - 3 1

SOLOMON ISLANDS 1 - 1 - - - -

SUDAN 5 4 1 - - - -

UGANDA 18 14 3 1 - 3 1

GUINEA 6 4 - - 2 1 -

TANZANIA 6 6 - - - - -

TOTALS 56 36 17 1 2 8 2

TABLE 36: MALARIA NOTIFICATIONS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORYI JULY 2004 TO 30 JUNE 2005

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TABLE 37: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH PUBLICATIONS 2004/05

BRANCH REPORTS Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Katherine 2002/03. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Groote Eylandt 2002/03. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Tennant Creek 2002/03. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Groote Eylandt 2003/04. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Tennant Creek 2003/04. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Nhulunbuy 2003/04. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Jabiru 2003/04. Vector Surveillance and Control Annual Regional Report Katherine 2003/04. Medical Entomology Annual Branch Report 2002/03. Medical Entomology Annual Branch Report 2003/04. Dengue Mosquito Control Assessment, Dili, Timor Leste 13-15 April 2005. Larval Mosquito Survey, Nhulunbuy & Wallaby Beach 31 January – 4 February 2005 Trans Territory Pipeline (TTP) Project. Biting Insect Assessment, August 2004. SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Whelan P.I., Spencer E. and Currie B. (2004). ‘An imported case of Chikungunya in the Northern Territory and a summary of the ecology of the disease’. Disease Control Bulletin Vol: 11, No 3, 19-22. Johansen C., Lindsay M., Harrington S., WhelanP.I., Russell R. and Broom A (2004). ‘First Record of Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans vexans (Meigen) in Australia'. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Assoication Vol:21(2), 222-224. Johansen C., Lindsay M, Jardine A., Harrington S., Whelan P.I., Russell R., Weinstein P. and Broom A. (2004). ‘The Detection of Aedes (Aedimorphus) Nocturnus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia’. Arbovirus Research In Australia, Vol: 9,166. Kurucz N., Whelan P.I., Jacups S., Broom A. and Melville L. (2004). ‘Rainfall, Mosquito Vector Numbers and Seroconversions in Sentinel Chickens to Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus in the Northern Territory’. Arbovirus Research In Australia, Vol: 9, 188-192.

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Whelan P.I. (2004). ‘Ross River Virus and Barmah Forest Virus Trends in the Northern Territory’. Arbovirus Research In Australia, Vol: 9, 383. Whelan P.I. (2004). ‘Aedes aegypti incursion in Tennant Creek. Where Next?’ Arbovirus Research In Australia, Vol: 9, 383. Whelan P.I., Pettit, W. and Krause V. (2005). ‘Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project Tennant Creek – End of January 2005 Progress Report’. Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin, Vol: 12, No 1, 16-23. Broom A. and Whelan P.I. (2005).’Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Program in Australia, July 2003 to June 2004’. Communicable Disease Intellegence, Vol: 1, 65-69. Whelan, P.I., Pettit W. and Krause V. (2005). ’Dengue Mosquito Eradication Project Tennant Creek”. Mosquito Control Association Australia, Vol: 17 No 1, 16-23. Whelan P.I. (2005). ‘Getting Any Bites?’ NAFA 2005 Vol: 12, 464-467. Ralph A., Raines M., Whelan P.I. and Currie B. (2004). ‘Scrub Typhus in the Northern Territory: Exceeding the Boundaries of Litchfield National Park’. Communicable Disease Intellegence, Vol: 28, No. 2. Shortus M. and Whelan P.I. (2005). ‘Recommended Water Receptacle Treatment for Exotic Mosquitoes on Foreign Fishing Vessels Arriving in Australia’. Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin Vol: 12 No 2, 26-28.

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TABLE 38: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH MOSQUITO SURVEYS AND TRAVEL 2004/2005

DATE LOCATION PERSON PURPOSE

3-4/8/04 Wildman River Peter Whelan CDC Planning Conference 21-27/8/04 Brisbane Peter Whelan,

William Pettit, Nina Kurucz

National Conference of the Mosquito Control Association of Australia

12-17/9/04 Perth Peter Whelan, Leah Stratford

Mosquito Course WA

16-17/9/04 Jabiru Matthew Shortus, Allan Warchot

Mosquito survey

27-30/9/04 Port Keats Matthew Shortus, Allan Warchot

Mosquito survey

18-22/10/04 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan Aedes aegypti Eradication Project 10-11/11/04 Canberra Peter Whelan NAMAC Face to Face Meeting

15-26/11/04 Tennant Creek Leah Stratford Aedes aegypti Eradication Project

22-26/11/04 Tennant Creek Peter Whelan Aedes aegypti Eradication Project

24-26/11/04 Tennant Creek Matthew Shortus, Brett Devitt

Aedes aegypti Eradication Project

20-24/12/04 Tennant Creek Jennifer Grigg Aedes aegypti Eradication Project


31/1/05-4/2/05 Gove Matthew Shortus, Jane Carter

Mosquito survey


20/2/05-4/3/05 Cairns William Pettit Liaison with Tropical Health Qld on dengue mosquito control & eradication

7-13/3/05 Thursday Island Matt Shortus, Sullim Sallik, Terry Bishop

Dengue mosquito control with Tropical Health Qld

3-9/4/05 Borroloola Brett Devitt, Colin O’Donnell

Exotic mosquito survey

12-15/4/05 Elliott Matthew Shortus, Huy Nguyen, Brett Devitt, Sullim Sallik


13-15/4/05 Dili (Timor) Peter Whelan, William Pettit

Assistance for dengue mosquito control & eradication


17-23/4/05 Mt. Isa William Pettit, Sullim Sallik, William Mitchell


21-22/4/05 Sydney Nina Kurucz, Allan Warchot

Pests of Disease & Unease in Australia, 2005 Symposium

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11-13/5/05 Warchope Sullim Sallik, Collin O’Donnell, Reuben Smith, Bruce Nelson


15-20/5/05 Brisbane Michael Browne, Matthew Shortus

Mosquito control course

15-18/6/05 Brisbane Peter Whelan NAMAC Face to Face Meeting

8-10/6/05 Ti Tree Collin O’Donnell, Sullim Sallik, Ronald Plummer, Bruce Nelson


20-24/6/05 Lake Nash Jake Gummow, Collin O’Donnell, Brett Devitt


28/6/05 Jabiru Huy Nguyen, Jane Carter

Mosquito survey

2004/04 Tennant Creek William Pettit In this financial year, William Pettit, as the Aedes aegypti Eradication Project Manager, travelled 19 times to Tennant Creek

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TABLE 39: ENQUIRIES RECEIVED BY THE MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH2004/2005

SOURCE OF ENQUIRY NUMBER OF ENQUIRIES

Business 7Government 20Medical 9Press 16Public 113Total 165

NATURE OF ENQUIRY NUMBER OF ENQUIRIESAnts 1Bed Bugs 1Bees 3Beetles 4Bites/Stings 9Biting insects 9Caterpillars 1Cockroaches 1Culicoides 6Environmental Issues 1Flies/Maggots 5Identification other insects 1Job enquiries 1Media 13Mosquito avoidance/repellents 3Mosquito complaints 21Mosquito course 1Mosquito monitoring 1Mosquitoes other 15Multiple entomological enquiries 4Non entomological enquiry 1Planning 10Publications 1Scorpions 1Spiders 3Ticks/mites 1Grand Total 165

*Note: Some enquiries were on a range of subjects.

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TABLE 40:

Mosquito species collected since 1977 to 2003/04 (all collection types)

Mosquito species collected since 1977 to 2003/04 (all collection types)

Mosquito species collected in 2004/05

Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis Ad. (Ady) catastictaAe. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ur. (Pfc) hirsutifemora Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatusAe.( ) species 160 Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis An. (Ano) bancroftiiAe. (Neo) lineatopennis Ur. (Ura) albescens An. (Ano) powelliAn. (Ano) bancroftii Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis An. (Cel) amictusAn. (Ano) powelli Ur. (Ura) lateralis An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.An. (Cel) amictus Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis An. (Cel) farauti s.l.An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ur. (Ura) nivipes An. (Cel) hilliAn. (Cel) farauti s.l. Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis An. (Cel) meraukensisAn. (Cel) hilli Ur. (Ura) species 156 An. (Cel) novaguinensisAn. (Cel) meraukensis Ur. (Ura) species 49 Cq. (Coq) xanthogasterAn. (Cel) novaguinensis Ur. (Ura) species 82 Cx. (Cui) pullusCq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ur. (Ura) tibialis Cx. (Cux) annulirostrisCx. (Cui) pullus Ve. (Ver) funerea Cx. (Cux) bitaeniorhynchusCx. (Cux) annulirostris Ve. (Ver) reesi Cx. (Cux) gelidusCx. (Cux) bitaeniorhynchus Cx. (Cux) palpalisCx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatusCx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) sitiensCx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) squamosusCx. (Cux) sitiens Cx. (Cux) vicinusCx. (Cux) species 32 Cx. (Cux) Vishnui groupCx. (Cux) squamosus Cx. (Cux) cubiculiCx. (Cux) starckeae Cx. (Lop) hilliCx. (Cux) vicinus Cx. (Lop) species 155Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Cx. (Lop) species 167Cx. (Cux) cubiculi Ma. (Mnd) uniformisCx. (Lop) hilli Mi. (Eto) elegansCx. (Cux) species 154 Mi. (Min) chamberlainiCx. (Lop) species 155 Oc. daliensisCx. (Lop) species 167 Oc. (Fin) kochiCx. (Lut) halifaxii Oc. (Fin) notoscriptusHo. ( ) species 157 Oc. (Mac) species 121Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Oc. (Mac) species 76Mi. (Eto) elegans Oc. (Mac) tremulusMi. (Eto) metallica Oc. (Och) normanensisMi. (Eto) genurostris Oc. (Och) phaecasiatusMi. (Min) chamberlaini Oc. (Och) vigilaxOc. daliensis Oc. (Och) longirostrisOc. (Cha) elchoensis Ur. (Ura) albescensOc. (Fin) britteni Ur. (Ura) lateralisOc. (Fin) kocki Ur. (Ura) nivipesOc. (Fin) notoscriptus Ur. (Ura) species 49Oc. (Fin) quasirubithorax Ve. (Ver) funereaOc. (Mac) species 121 Ve. (Ver) reesiOc. (Mac) species 76Oc. (Mac) stoneorumOc. (Mac) tremulusOc. (Mol) pecuniosusOc. (Muc) alternansOc. (Och) normanensisOc. (Och) phaecasiatusOc. (Och) vigilaxOc. (Trp) magnesianusRh. longirostris

Adult mosquito species list Darwin town

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TABLE 41:

TENNANT CREEK AEDES AEGYPTI ERADICATION PROGRAM - 2004/05. RECEPTACLES POSITIVE FOR AEDES AEGYPTI JUN 2004 TO Jul 2005

TYPE OF RECEPTACLE

Dog bowl 1

Bucket 1

Bird bath 0

Plant drip tray 0

Drum/barrel 1

Tyre 0

Pot (flower) 0

Evaporative airconditioner (disused) 0

Bowl 0Icecream container 0Plastic container 0Esky 0Spa (un-kept) 0Tarpauline/plastic sheet 0Backhoe 0Bath tub 0Boat 0Car body 0Esky lid 0Fridge draw 0Grass catcher 0Laundry trough 0Letterbox pit 0Machinery part 1Metal pan 0Pond 0Pot plant planter 0Rubbish bin 0Toilet pan 0Tray of cola dispenser 0Water sump 1Rain water tank 2Watering can 0TOTALS 7

NO. OF TIMES POSITIVE FOR AEDES AEGYPTI

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Table 42 : MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY BRANCH PERFORMANCE AND ACHIEVEMENTS 1990/2005.1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

42.1 Mosquito Borne Diseases (NT)Imported Malaria cases 42 32 37 33 45 24 38 29 22 83 87 34 41 22 56Malaria cases requiring control 1 3 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 2Ross River 453 194 297 330 379 113 231 124 147 159 234 71 134 203 173Kunjin 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0Murray Valley encephalitis 2 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 1 1Dengue Fever (local) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Barmah Forest 0 41 20 33 12 25 43 20 24 13 33 25 18 14 43

42.2 Aedes Ovitrap Program

Medical Entomology Darwin (urban)

No. of traps sites 28 28 28 28 28 30 31 31 35 41 45 45 46 43 39No. of traps sampled 1240 725 694 723 733 775 835 782 864 913 1100 1153 1059 1049 949No. of traps positive 394 381 403 458 374 364 312 311 204 216 385 285 206 147 410% traps positive 31.77 52.55 58.07 63.35 51.02 46.97 37.37 39.77 23.61 23.66 35.00 24.72 19.45 14.01 43.2No. of times with exotics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical Entomology Darwin (rural)No. of traps sites 12No. of traps sampled 282No. of traps positive 139% traps positive 49.29No. of times with exotics 0

Nhulunbuy CorporationNo. of traps sites 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 6No. of traps sampled 0 0 0 0 0 69 61 65 76 88 73 84 64 80 55No. of traps positive 0 0 0 0 0 19 15 11 20 23 23 35 24 15 14% traps positive 27.54 24.59 16.92 26.32 26.14 31.51 41.67 37.50 18.75 25.45No. of times with exotics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

GEMCO BHP, Groote EylandtNo. of traps sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 2 2 2No. of traps sampled 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 12 0 0 16 43 48No. of traps positive 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 5% traps positive 12.90 8.33 0 2.33 10.42No. of times with exotics 0 0 0 0 0

Jabiru Town CouncilNo. of traps sites 3No. of traps sampled 15No. of traps positive 1% traps positive 6.67No. of times with exotics 0

Katherine Environmental HealthNo. of traps sites 8 10No. of traps sampled 56 211No. of traps positive 32 101% traps positive 57.14 47.87No. of times with exotics 0 0

Alice Springs Environmental HealthNo. of traps sites 6 6No. of traps sampled 43 148No. of traps positive 1 10% traps positive 2.33 6.76No. of times with exotics 0 0

Exotic mosquito importations to NT * 0 0 0 0 0 1 17 4 3 15 34 12 35 13 22*(New category 1995/96)

42.3 Arbovirus Research Program

No. of virus collection traps set 57 325 212 212 0 28 5 23 24 15 2 13 0 4 0No. of mosquitoes processed 14716 27817 61063 48071 0 8384 1827 7117 7915 4471 1628 11934 0 99 0Virus identificationRoss River virus 0 4 7 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Barmah Forest virus 2 6 12 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Corriparta 0 0 21 11 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0Sindbis 2 1 59 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0Mapputa 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0MVE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Koolgol 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Kowanyama 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Picola 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Warrego 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wongorr 2 11 1 4 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0Paroo River 1 1 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wongorr group 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Eubenangee 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Orbivirus like 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Unidentified Alpha virus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Unidentified viruses 6 13 1 4 0 3 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0Unknown virus 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Viruses not reisolated 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Queries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Blue tongue type 16 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 22 39 131 50 0 24 1 3 0 6 0 3 0 0 0

No. of virus collection traps set 57 325 212 212 0 28 5 23 24 8 0 13 0 0 0No. of Ceratopogonidae processed 0 50 0 3581 0 0 445 1374 1594 209 0 0 0 0 0

Virus identificationNone recordedTOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/0542.4 NT Health Sentinel Chicken program

Number of chicken flocks - 2 5 5 6 5 7 7 7 7 7 9 8 8 9Number of seroconversions to MVEV - 0 8 39 8 4 21 2 20 27 26 17 2 2 12Leanyer Swamp - 0 1 7 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 3 0 2 0Howard Springs - 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1Coastal Plains - - 0 13 0 4 4 0 5 3 3 1 0 0 1Nhulunbuy - - 0 3 - - 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 0 2Gapuwiyak - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 - - -Katherine - - 0 12 0 0 3 1 2 3 2 4 0 0 4Tennant Creek - - - - 7 0 7 0 10 8 12 6 0 0 1Alice Springs Arid Zone - - - - - - 7 0 0 5 8 2 0 0 0Alice Springs Ilparpa - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0Jabiru - - 3

Number of seroconversions to KUNV - 0 5 7 2 6 4 9 3 7 9 10 8 11 12Leanyer Swamp - 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 4 0 3 5Howard Springs - 0 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 1 2Coastal Plains - - 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0Nhulunbuy - - 1 2 - - 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 5Gapuwiyak - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 - - -Katherine - - 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 4 1 2 1 0Tennant Creek - - - - 0 0 3 3 0 2 0 0 1 4 0Alice Springs Arid Zone - - - - - - 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0Alice Springs Ilparpa - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0

42.5 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Statistics

DarwinTotal mosquitoes 88442 58341 121089 271335 167623 170872 152801 121820 286315 225679 146381 127041 222701 268023 154688No. of trap sites 12 14 14 14 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 20 21 21No. of traps set 624 670 722 706 779 884 884 901 931 935 936 935 964 986 990Av/trap/night 142 87 168 384 215 193 173 135 307 241 156 136 231 272 156.25

Alice SpringsTotal mosquitoes 132306 112686 28224 31163 49069 30529 57980 10724 86844 151530 183183 99957 41627 40932 26815No. of trap sites 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7No. of traps set 167 187 194 177 198 230 228 244 256 284 304 299 302 291 345Av/trap/night 777 535 170 150 245 130 263 40 341 534 611 334 138 141 77.72

JabiruTotal mosquitoes 264781 555916 314993 653437 267360 261430 175766 390728 222834 128723 149865 205478 158109 182245 293135No. of trap sites 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4No. of traps set 172 164 176 184 175 182 181 177 166 161 173 180 158 135 164Av/trap/night 1539 3390 1790 3551 1528 1436 971 2207 1342 799 866 1142 1001 1350 1787.41

NhulunbuyTotal mosquitoes 25070 27538 22753 27776 12721 32864 22484 30348 46973 34324 32800 59681 42150 37635 41068No. of trap sites 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6No. of traps set 183 179 203 201 241 247 252 258 263 254 191 222 215 186 173Av/trap/night 137 154 112 138 53 133 89 118 179 135 172 269 196 202 237

KatherineTotal mosquitoes 19853 6281 14842 10926 15133 2770 10610 15009 6961 17074 24600 32093 8615 14337 2752No. of trap sites 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 5 5 6No. of traps set 64 83 95 88 96 87 99 103 97 105 102 105 107 109 90Av/trap/night 310 76 156 124 158 32 107 146 72 163 241 306 81 132 31

Tennant CreekTotal mosquitoes 0 0 3723 746 212 0 799 394 0 3728 41794 3015 10426 2639 371No. of trap sites 0 0 3 3 3 0 3 4 0 3 3 3 3 3 3No. of traps set 0 0 43 30 9 0 5 16 0 21 39 46 40 27 77Av/trap/night 0 0 87 25 24 0 160 25 0 173 1161 66 261 98 5

Groote EylandtTotal mosquitoes 0 0 0 0 501 904 1273 1526 1712 1256 1153 463 4695 4467 1273No. of trap sites 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3No. of traps set 0 0 0 0 17 33 38 35 43 44 47 19 54 63 62Av/trap/night 0 0 0 0 29 27 33 44 40 29 24 24 87 71 21

Total no of traps set (towns) 1210 1283 1433 1386 1515 1663 1687 1734 1756 1804 1792 1804 1840 1797 1901

42.6

DarwinDarwin City Council 3 5 13 16 35 22 14 7 14 13 22 3 5 8 8Parks and Wildlife Commission NT Casuarina Coastal reserve 2 0 6 14 31 32 29 26 19 8 13 9 8 7 14Parks and Wildlife Commission NT Botanic Gardens 0 0 0 0 0 27 23 25 23 21 19 28 17 11 15

Medical Entomology Casuarina/ Lee Pt. 0 0 0 0 24 34 28 10 9 32 27 19 25 17 27Medical Entomology Darwin 0 0 0 0 12 22 38 29 26 37 27 50 54 58 97

Medical Entomology Leanyer (non helicopter) 0 0 0 14 38 57 54 53 42 37 22 41 30 20 28

Medical Entomology (other areas) 1 5 5 11 28 14 2 10 16 19 3 8 14 7 6

NT Disease Control Program Larval surveys and control operations/days

** Figures prior to 1993/94 not complete


1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

42.7Alice SpringsAlice Springs Council 26 26 19 38 36 36 24 16 12 14 31 27 5 7 11

Katherine SurveysKatherine Environmental Health Surveys 1 1 2 3 73 70 67 76 72 76 72 74 72 83 91Katherine Council 26 52 25 25 38 28 33 31 52 18 24 21 54 33 50PAWA 3 6 10 8 7 6 6 13 24 4 5 6 25 3 23Private Meatworks 3 3 13 18 11 13 9 14 25 10 7 4 28 9 24Dairy 1 3 6 11 6 11 8 13 25 15 9 12 25 8 22Springvale homestead 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 19 0 0 1 23 23 19Other Areas 1 5 0 0 5 21 2 2 3

NhulunbuyNhulunbuy Corporation 30 10 52 6 40 41 33 40 44 No data No data No data 5 No data 8

JabiruJabiru Town Council 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Tennant CreekDept. of Transport & Works 0 0 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Environmental Health 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 3 0 1 1 1 1 2 2

42.8Control survey/spraying (days) 13 14 15 22 34 41 36 35 33 17 30 27 33 32 36Hectares treated 423 405 1190 1160 1337 1686 1675 2004 1408 581 1131 716 932 1099 1249Field trials (days) 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 12 0 0Bti used (litres) 780 1180 2395 2673 1640 1580 2528 1975 2873 1252 2081 1085 1187 1543 1749Bti wettable powder 0 0 0 0 0 224 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Abate used (litres) 0 0 62 50 210 460 187 336 204 89 180 57 94 154 5Altosid liquid (litres) 5.5Bti granules (kg) 0 0 0 534 0 354 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Helicopter cost (survey and control)(new category 2000/01) $92,494 $76,362 $108,608 $161,959 $155,312Cost/ha treated (new category 2000/01) 127 157 161 147 124

CCNT T&W KATHERINESurvey/spray days 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 0 2 0 0 3Hectares treated 0 0 162 0 0 15 0 254 0 92.3 0 32 0 0 -BTI used (L) 0 0 300 0 0 60 0 386.5 0 126 0 80 0 0 -

42.9Darwin 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 1 1 1Alice Springs 22 14 0 11 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 No Data 7 1 0Jabiru 83 80 77 113 36 68 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nhulunbuy 80 102 95 140 110 149 60 45 126 No Data No Data No Data 56 58 47Katherine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tennant Creek 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0* fogging after Katherine floods.

42.101. DARWIN CITY COUNCILMaintenance worksDrains weedicided (km) 5.0 3.1 3.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 2.475 1.17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Drains desilted (km) 2.0 5.2 4.3 4.4 1.0 3.2 13.861 14.425 13.65 6.75 6.46 8.6 4.5 20.408 15.972

New WorksStone pitching (square metres) 0 0 182.0 90 400 23 110 108 30 150 0 18 0 0 0Rock/reno mattress (square metres) 0 0 672.0 903 252 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gabions installed/repaired 0 0 0.0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Concrete lined drains (km) 0 0 0.5 1 1 1 1 0 0.3 0.6 0 0.38 0.205 0.187 0.359Concrete lined drains (square metres) 0 0 0.0 0 0 1060 0 0 0 0 0 384 0 305 0Open unlined drains (km) 0 0 0.0 1 0 2 1 0 0.05 0 0.075 0.025 0 0.084 0Pipe Drains (km) 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.02 0 0 0 0 0Fill areas (cubic metres) 0 0 1170.0 0 200 3000 9111 2900 4000 4200 8160 3396 1068 4671 125Access road (square metres) 0 0 0.0 0 0 550 450 10350 0 24750 0 0 0 0 0Stabilisation of erosion damage 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Cumulative totals of drainsDrains concreted (km) 1.6 1.8 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.2 5.7 6.05 6.35 7.32 7.32 7.7 7.905 8.092 8.451Drains open unlined (km) 37.5 38.1 38.1 37.6 38.6 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.15 40.15 40.22 40.25 40.25 40.33 40.33Drains under program (km) 39.1 40.0 40.4 40.9 42.9 45.3 45.8 46.2 46.5 47.5 47.5 47.9 48.2 48.43 48.781Money spent on mosquito engineering [(2:1) NTG:Council] 0 0 224,000 228,000 216,000 228,000 229,000 230,000 232,500 240,000 240,000 240,000 240,000

NT Disease Control Program Larval surveys and control operations/days

Helicopter Larvicide Control Darwin

Darwin Mosquito Engineering Program

Helicopter larvicide for other organisations

NT Disease Control Program Adult Mosquito Control Fog Nights (Non Malaria Operations).


1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05

New WorksFill areas (cubic metres) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,600 100 0 0 0 0 0 0Open unlined drain (km) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 50 0 0 0 0 0 0Total Cost (dollars) $150,000

3. DEFENCE FORCEFill and grade (dollars) $1,700,000 0 0 0 0

42.11

** new category for 94/95Aedes aegypti surveys (No. of days) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 13 11 9Planning/EIS surveys (including visits to sites) 7 12 13 13 11 6 8 0 17 8 13Mosquito complaint investigations 7 8 14 9 18 26 14 3 5 2 0Arbovirus collections 0 3 4 14 12 5 0 0 0 0 0Malaria surveys 6 3 3 3 4 10 18 12 9 2 5

Aedes aegypti surveys 3 5 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 5 42 3Planning/EIS surveys (including visits to sites) 1 1 1 7 3 16 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 1Mosquito complaint investigations 15 11 5 2 4 2 5 3 9 6 5 0 3 0 3Arbovirus collections 4 8 3 2 0 5 0 0 1 3 1 3 0 4 0Malaria surveys 1 2 0 3 1 0 4 0 2 2 4 1 0 0 3

42.12Commonwealth Government/Defence 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0Darwin City Council 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0Dept. of Health and Community Services 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 2 0Dept. of Lands Planning and Environment 20 7 14 79 159 166 142 134 111 21 12 21 15 13 30Dept. of Mines & Energy 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Dept of Transport & Works 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Development Consent Authority 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 30 27 14 28 42Mine site 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0Northern Territory Planning Authority 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 0 0 0 0 0Parks and Wildlife Commission NT 7 2 1 2 2 0 4 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0Power and Water Authority 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2Private consultants 2 1 3 0 5 5 3 5 2 9 4 7 5 19 14EIS / PER (New category 1996/97) 13 6 7 0 0 11 4 8 19

42.13 PublicationsScientific papers 3 6 2 0 1 3 6 7 9 2 10 4 7 6 12Conference Papers 2 0 6 1 1 1 0 4 4 2 0 0 3 0 4Branch reports 4 4 8 4 13 7 10 11 10 8 3 8 6 9 13

42.14Northern Territory 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other States 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

42.15*(new categories 95/96) 2 1 1 5 0 3 1 0 4 9

42.16 Public EnquiriesMosquitoes/Disease 113 74 154 352 370 265 296 262 198 116 146 90 138 110 76Other 92 147 142 109 135 138 131 160 155 71 187 142 122 43 89

Non Darwin (by Medical Entomology Branch & Regions)

Talks to Public and other organisations

Mosquito Control Course Assistance

Planning and Environmental Responses

2. PARKS AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION

Vector Mosquito Surveys (adult & larval mosquito)Darwin urban/Darwin rural (by Medical Entomology Branch)


1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/0542.17 Mosquito Complaints

Suburbs bordering Leanyer 9 10 24 17 2 9 9 3 22 2 9 0 12 7 0Suburbs bordering Casuarina Coastal Reserve 0 0 0 0 9 2 0 4 8 1 3 1 1 1 3Others in Darwin 11 13 2 27 10 14 10 5 16 3 6 5 16 6 10Palmerston & Litchfield Shire 4 12 6 15 3 18 6 12 5 4 4 8 1 6Litchfield 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 1Jabiru 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0Kakadu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0Katherine 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0Dunmarra 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Alice Springs 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1Warrego 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0Nhulunbuy 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0Tennant Creek 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Groote Is 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Argyle Diamond Mine, W.A. 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rustlers Roost Mine, Arnhem H'way 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oenpelli 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Snake Bay 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Southport 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Shoal Bay 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pepperminarti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brunei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Dundee Beach 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Finke River Mission 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Finnis River Station 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Location Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0Troughton Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0Pine Creek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0Ngukur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0Lajamanu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Elliott 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0Totals 24 35 32 63 34 48 34 34 61 12 25 13 41 16 21

42.18 Major Projects carried outMine site baseline studies 0 0 1 3 5 8 3 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0

Other biting insect investigations 4 0 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 0 2 4 2

42.19 Other non mosquito identifications* 26 19 27 18 18 17 12 8 11 10*(new categories 95/96)

42.20Quarantine identifications and advice*(new category 95/96) 6 16 6 3 12 32 6 19 8 13

42.21 Media releases *(new category 00/01) 13 13 10 14 20

42.22 MEB staff trainingNo. of Staff Training Courses MEB staff attended 3 3 7 10 7No. of MEB staff attending 6 3 14 6 9*(new categories 00/01)


TABLE 43:

Period of Ae. aegypti control activities Date commenced

Date finished

Number of properties surveyed for Ae. aegypti

Number of containers

with mosquito

larvae Ae. (

Ste)

aeg

ypti

Oc.

(Mac

) tre

mul

us

Oc.

(Mac

) spe

cies

Oc.

(Fin

) not

oscr

iptu

s

Cx.

(Cux

) qui

nque

fasc

iatu

s

Initial control period (after 1st detection) 22/02/04 30/04/04 1959 117 107 16 9 10 62Dry season 01/05/04 21/11/04 60 5 4 3 1 1 2Eradication project (to end of 2004) 22/11/04 31/12/04 1134 82 3 21 1 1 60Eradication project (2005, to end June) 01/01/05 30/06/05 3660 177 0 45 3 2 131Totals 6813 381 114 85 14 14 255

* table does not include data for some other mosquito species that were sampled during inspections

Tennant Creek Aedes aegypti Eradication Project. Total number of properties surveyed and containers detected with mosquito larvae. Feb 2004 to June 2005.

Total number of times containers found with container

breeding mosquito species *

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Tennant Creek\reg report 0405 larvae & adult detections summary table\larvae Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

TABLE 44:

Period of Ae. aegypti control activities Date commenced Date finishedNumber of

times CO2 traps set

Number of times CO2

traps positive for mosquitoes Ae

. (St

e) a

egyp

ti

Oc.

(Mac

) tre

mul

us

Oc.

(Mac

) spe

cies

Oc.

(Mac

) spe

cies

nea

r 147

Oc.

(Mac

) spe

cies

125

Oc.

(Fin

) not

oscr

iptu

s

Cx.

(Cux

) qui

nque

fasc

iatu

s

Initial control period (after 1st detection) 22/02/04 30/04/04 87 65 11 7 9 9 0 2 30Dry season 01/05/04 21/11/04 106 100 4 9 9 6 0 0 79Eradication project (to end of 2004) 22/11/04 31/12/04 33 33 0 1 2 0 0 0 14Eradication project (2005, to end June) 01/01/05 30/06/05 238 167 0 10 11 4 1 0 66Totals 464 365 15 27 31 19 1 2 189

* table does not include data for some other mosquito species that were caught in the EVS traps

Tennant Creek Aedes aegypti Eradication Project. Selected container breeding mosquito species caught in CO2 baited EVS traps Feb 2004 to Jun 2005

Total number of times detected *

F:\ento\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2004_05\reg_0405\Tennant Creek\reg report 0405 larvae & adult detections summary table\adults Medical Entomology Branch DHCS 02/02/2006

medical entomology branch report 2004/05 · medical entomology branch report 2004/05 peter whelan,...

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