University of SulaimaniCollege of ScienceDepartment of Biology2nd Class Year

9th Lab. External Morphology

Abdomen and Abdominal Appendages

Practical Entomology 2010-2011

Lecturer: Farhad A. Khudhur

Objective

• To provide familiarities with basic structure of insect abdominal region.

• Giving basic knowledge about reproductive and non-reproductive abdominal appendages.

•The abdomen of an adult insect typically consists of 11 to 12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax.•Each segment of the abdomen is represented by a sclerotized tergum, sternum, and pleura.•During the embryonic stage of many insects and the postembryonic stage of primitive insects, 11 abdominal segments are present. •In modern insects there is a tendency toward reduction in the number of the abdominal segments

Basic Structure

•The pregenital segments in male insects are numbered 1 through 8.• The pregenital segments in female insects are numbered 1 through 7.•Biologically, the abdomen of insects plays an important role in respiration, reproduction, digestion, excretion and intermediate metabolism.

Basic Structure

Abdominal Appendages

-Respiratory structures (gills, Siphon)Respiratory structures (gills, Siphon)-Cerci Cerci -Caudal Filament Caudal Filament -Genitalia: mating/oviposition structures of adultsGenitalia: mating/oviposition structures of adults.

References

• Imes, Rick. (2000). Beginner’s guide to Entomology. London. Chancellor Press, 160 pp.

• Gillot, Cedric. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer, Dordrecht., The Netherlands. 831 pp.

• Resh, Vincent H. & Cardé, Ring T. (2003). Encyclopedia of Insects. USA. Academic Press, Elsevier Science, 1266 pp.

• Elzinga, Richard J. (1997). Fundamentals of Entomology. 4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 475 pp.