MARTA BENEDETTIGRADUATE ENERGY ENGINEER

PORTFOLIO

Hello!

I am a graduate energy and environmental engineer from Italy.

I have always been passionate about renewable energies, clean technologies and innovation. My study path allowed me to achieve knowledge in many different fields of energy and environmental engineering.

I have been really interested in most of the subjects encountered during my studies, from electrical systems engineering to hydro- and wind power systems, combined heat and power generation plants, building services, technologies and production processes for energy efficiency, functional mechanical design and many others.

I love to travel and get to know new people, cultures, places and working environments.

My ambition for my professional career is to contribute with my passion, knowledge and skills in achieving effective and sustainable solutions for the issues of environment and humanity.

CONTENTS

Impact of lighting control systems based on “Non-Image Forming” effects of

light on electric lighting energy demand and user’s comfort and performance

CHP generation plant design

Design and simulation of lighting and energy performance in a classroom

HVAC system design

Dynamic building performance simulation

Solar Impulse: around the world on a 100% sun-powered airplane

MASTER PROJECT

PERSONAL Resumé

COURSE WORK

MASTER THESIS EPFL SWITZERLAND, 2016

Impact of lighting control systems based on “Non-Image Forming” effects of

light on electric lighting energy demand and user’s comfort and performance

Thesis supervisors: Andrea Gasparella (unibz)

Jean-Louis Scartezzini (epfl) Link to SlideShare

Light has an impact not only on our visual comfort and performance, but also on

our behaviour and physiology. It is shown that exposure to light can directly boost

alertness and cognitive performance and also improve our mood. Moreover, it

plays a major role in entraining our circadian clock. These non-visual effects of

light are called ”Non-Image Forming” (NIF) effects and depend on different

characteristics of light exposure, such as spectrum, intensity, timing, duration,

history.

Considering NIF effects in lighting of working environments such as offices can be

very important to improve well-being, performance and productivity of the users.

APPROPRIATE LIGHTING

CONDITIONS

HEALTH & WELL-BEING

ALERTNESS PERFORMANCE PRODUCTIVITY

OFFICE LIGHTING STRATEGY

ENERGY SAVING

NIF EFFECTS (ALERTNESS + PERFORMANCE)

VISUAL COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE

THE GOAL OF MY PROJECT:

• to develop, implement and assess an office lighting strategy

that values the well-being and comfort of the office

occupants, ergo enhancing their alertness and performance,

while minimising the electric energy demand.

NIF effects of light are considered in control algorithms used

for automatic regulation of the shading and electric lighting in

an office environment.

I developed the control algorithm in MATLAB.

M.L. Ámundadóttir1, M.A. St. Hilaire, S.W. Lockley, M. Andersen Modelling dynamic aspects of the non-visual responses to light

MOTIVATION AND GOAL

EXPERIMENT SET-UP

HDR vision sensor

Ev [lux] DGP [%]

Artificial lighting

shading

Daylight Controller

• I was able to adopt a user-centric approach thanks to one of the main innovations of my work: a novel HDR vision sensor used for ”on-the-fly” assessment of lighting conditions (vertical illuminance Ev) and glare indices (Daylight Glare Probability DGP).

• The sensor is integrated in the controller of an office room in the LESO-PB experimental building (Laboratory of Solar Energy and Building Physics) in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.

Room 1: Advanced controller • HDR vision sensor

Room 2: Reference controller • ceiling mounted luminance meter • based on standard requirements for

visual comfort (300 lux on workplane)

ADVANCED LIGHTING AND SHADING CONTROL SYSTEM

e

Ev & DGP

shading

lighting

Lighting pattern

HDR vision sensor

Target values

Ev & DGP

Clock time

Data acquisition (DAQ)

State of room and user

Controller

A Fuzzy Logic Controller (MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox) is

used for regulating the motorized shading system.

Afterwards, the controller adjusts the electric lighting in

order to provide the complementary vertical illuminance,

necessary to reach the target level.

FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

• eDGP • eEv • sun zenith angle

shading position

Dynamic lighting protocol designed to:

• enhance alertness and performance with appropriate LIGHTING LEVEL at correct TIMING

• decrease electric lighting energy consumption (maximising use of daylight)

• guarantee users’ visual comfort

experimental curve: electric lighting power vs. Ev measured by HDR sensor

CIRCADIAN CRITERIA

High lighting levels DGPmax = 40%

• morning boost • compensate post lunch dip

VISUAL CRITERIA

Lower lighting levels DGPmax = 35%

• facilitate relaxation before lunch and in late afternoon • avoid circadian clock disruption

A subjective experiment with six young human subjects during 12 days in February 2016 was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of

the proposed solution (advanced controller) against the best practice (reference) controller inspired by industry in terms of neurobehavioral performance, visual comfort and acuity, subjective alertness of the occupants, as well as lighting energy consumption.

1

3

5

7

9

8:45 10:45 12:45 14:45 16:45 Su

bjec

tive

slee

pine

ss r

atin

g (1

=ve

ry a

lert

, 9=

very

sle

epy)

Time [hh:mm]

Question 12: Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)

Advanced Reference

Subjective sleepiness (KSS) (1=very alert, 9=very sleepy)

1

2

3

4

8:45 10:45 12:45 14:45 16:45

Gla

re r

atin

g (1

= p

erce

ptib

le, 4

= in

tole

rabl

e)

Time [hh:mm]

Question 11: How do you consider the glare in this room? (Clear/intermediate sky)

Advanced Reference

Glare rating (1=perceptible, 4=intolerable)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

sum of all orientations average of all orientations

Ave

rage

num

ber

of m

ista

kes

Paper-based Landolt Test

Advanced Reference

Visual acuity on paper-based task

Average mistakes: Reference 26 Advanced 30

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

8:45 10:45 12:45 14:45 16:45

Rea

ctio

n tim

e [m

s]

Time [hh:mm]

Psychomotor Vigilance Task

Advanced Reference

PVT reaction times

On average: enhanced performance and visual

comfort of the occupants

NIF effects of light are worth to be considered in

building automation.

FUTURE WORK:

• Longer duration of experiments, more samples

• Participants of different ages

• More powerful lighting equipment

• Variable colour of light (Correlated Colour Temperature)

Reduction of the electric lighting energy consumption by 40% with respect to the reference control system

RESULTS

COURSE WORK (INDEPENDENT) BOLZANO, 2015

Design and simulation of the lighting and energy performance in a classroom

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

• to design the artificial lighting of a classroom in the University of Bolzano and perform the simulation of both lighting and energy consumption.

The considered classroom is the E520 of Bolzano University and it is situated at the fifth floor of the E building.

I created a model of the room using Dialux. Firstly the existing artificial lighting scenario is analysed. Then, a new lighting scenario is

proposed and analysed. The second part of this work involves the daylighting analysis and the building energy performance calculation.

Room model created in Dialux

Used softwares:

DIALUX

DAYSIM

Covered topics:

behaviour of the building envelope and its interaction with daylight

impact of energy needs for artificial lighting

control components and strategies to optimise energy needs and

ensure visual comfort

EXISTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SCENARIO

NEW ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SCENARIO

DIALUX

EXISTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SCENARIO

NEW ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SCENARIO

DIALUX

DAYSIM

LIGHTING AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE SIMULATION (DAYSIM)

Sensor points mesh orientation

Daylight Factor Daylight Autonomy

Continuous Daylight Autonomy

Maximum Daylight Autonomy

2 SIMULATIONS: • static shading device (not movable) • simple dynamic shading device control

calculation of LENI (Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator)

• y = 1.5 m • y = 3.5 m • y = 5.5 m

Sensor points on the workplane

SKETCHUPRoom model

Design of the heating system for a residential building

COURSE WORK (TEAM-BASED) BOLZANO, 2014

Miscelatore termostatico da 1/2"marca: Caleffi mod.: 521400

Ø 1/2"Acciaio Zinc.

N.B.: Dopo la prima stagione di funzionamentopotranno essere effettuati aggiustamenti della

regolazione climatica in funzionedel grado di confort raggiunto

mod.: SystaSolar Aqua

Ø 1"1/4

Ø 1"

Ø 1"1/4

Ø 1"1/4

Ø 1"1/4

Ø 1"1/4

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1"1/4

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1"

Ø 1"1/4

Accumulo inerziale da 200 litrimarca: CORDIVARI,

mod.: PUFFER VC VT 200Diametro con iso.: 650 mm

Diametro senza iso.: 450 mmAltezza con iso.: 1349 mm

Altezza in raddrizzamento: 1366 mm

Bollittore solare sanitario da 300 litrimarca: CORDIVARI,mod.: Bolly 2 AP 300

Diametro con iso.: 650 mmDiametro senza iso.: 550 mm

Altezza con iso.: 1486 mmAltezza in raddrizzamento: 1622 mm

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1"1/2

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

Ø 1/2"

230

V;

50 H

z

PARADIGMA MODULA NT 25Dimensioni (mm):l=450;h=690;p=450

man

data

risc

alda

men

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tabo

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in P

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i 9-1

0

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X12

mor

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i 1-2

Ø 3/4"Acciaio SS

Ø 3

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Acc

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SS

Ø 3

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Acc

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SS

Ø 3

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Acc

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SS

Ø 3

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Acc

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SS

AB

BA

Valvola a tre vie, marca: ParadigmaNormalmente posizionata su B-AB

ABITAZIONE

ESTERNOALL'ABITAZIONE

Predisposizione by-pass per futuro addolcitore. Se ne consiglia l'installazione nel caso in cui, in seguito alla verifica della durezza dell'acqua, effettuata

dall'istallatore, il valore rilevato superi i 15° Francesi.

Ø 32x3(Pe-ad)

Ø 1"Acciaio Zinc.

da contatore(da gestore di rete)

by-p

ass

Dosatore di polifosfati da 1,5 mc/hmarca: CILLICHEMIE,

mod.: CILLIT-IMMUNO 153 FG

grup

po r

iem

pim

ento

pret

arat

o a

1,5

bar

Ø 1

/2"

Acc

iaio

Zin

c. Imbuto discarico

33 lt.

3,5 bar

Valvola di sicurezzatipo Caleffi da 6 bar

Sonda solareTWU 2

Sonda solareTWU 1

Anodo

Sonda sanitario WS(55°C)

Imbutodi scarico

Valvola di sicurezza combinata temperatura e pressionemarca: Caleffi, mod.: 309560 completa di pozzetto

(temperatura tarata a 90°C - pressione tarata a 6 bar)

Term

omet

roTe

rmom

etro

dist

ribu

zion

e sa

nita

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acqu

a fr

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pian

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min

terr

ato

Ø 2

0x2,

5M

ultist

rato

dist

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dist

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Ø 1

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c.Ø

20x

2,5

Mul

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Ø 2

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5M

ultist

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Ø 1

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Acc

iaio

Zin

c.

relè n.a.

(230

V;

50 H

z)

relè n.c.

Termostatotarato a 35°C

TIM

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rici

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ultist

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Ø 1

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Pompa di ricircoloWilo Star-Z 20/1

Ø 3/4"Acciaio Zinc.

Ø 1

/2"

Acc

iaio

Zin

c.

Ø 1

"Acc

iaio

Zin

c.

Ø 1"Acciaio Zinc.

Ritorno solare Cu 15x1

Mandata solare Cu 15x1

Mandata solare Cu 15x1

Ritorno solare Cu 15x1

Sonda esterna per laregolazione climatica

marca: Siemens, mod.: QAC22

Regolatore elettronico universale,da installare in quadro elettricomarca: Siemens, mod.: RLU220

Alimentato a 24 V

Alimentatoa 24 V

Dai morsetti G-G0-Y

Ai morsetti X1-M

Ai morsetti X2-M

Impostare la miscelatrice:Tm=25°C con Te=15°CTm=35°C con Te=-5°C

Tee da installare in questa posizioneper alloggiamento sonda temperatura

Sonda temperatura ad immersionemarca: Siemens, mod.: QAE2120.010

Valvola miscelatricemarca: Siemens, mod.: VXG44.20-6.3

completa di servomotoremod.: SQS65 Alimentato a 24 V

Relé n.a. 230 V; 50 Hz

Relé n.c.

Wilo-Stratos 25/1-6(1~230 W / 50/60 Hz)

He=2,6 m ; autoprotetta

Termostato di sicurezza(Chiude se T. > 45°C)

Collettore di cemtrale Ø 2" con mandata e ritorno separati.(N.B.: il progettista declina ogni responsabilità

in caso d'installazione di collettore di tipo complanare)

MultistratoØ 16x2

Alimintazioneresistenza elettrica

230 V / 50HzResistenza elettrica

da 700 watt

Termoarredo BAGNOcontatto n.a.

MultistratoØ 16x2

Contatto n.c.

Consenso da microdelle testine

Schema controllo anelli dell'impianto di riscaldamentoe termoarredi dotati di resistenza elettrica dei bagni

Pulsante con temporizzatore per l'accensionedella resistenza dei termoarredi

TermostatoBAGNO

Testine elettrotermichenormalmente chiuse

Dal

tim

er a

tten

uazi

one

tem

pera

tura

TermostatoMAGAZZINO Termostato

W.C.

TermostatoCANTINA

Æ = 26x3Multistrato

Æ = 26x3Multistrato

TermostatoCUCINA

TermostatoBAGNO

TermostatoCAMERA

Testine elettrotermichenormalmente chiuse

COLLETTORE A 12+12 VIEBASSA TEMPERATURA - PIANO TERRA

marca: Emmeti mod.: Topway(in idonea cassetta portacollettore)

Æ = 32x3Multistrato

Æ = 32x3Multistrato

BAGNO

Æ = 26x3Multistrato

Æ = 26x3Multistrato

Testine elettrotermichenormalmente chiuse

COLLETTORE A 7+7 VIEBASSA TEMPERATURA - PIANO PRIMO

marca: Emmeti mod.: Topway(in idonea cassetta portacollettore)

Testine elettrotermichenormalmente chiuse

Relé n.c.

Al pulsantetemporizzato

(Æ = 16x2 Multistrato) al termoarredo W.C.(Æ = 16x2 Multistrato) al radiatore Cantina

Imbutodi scarico

Valvola di sicurezza combinata temperatura e pressionemarca: Caleffi, mod.: 309560 completa di pozzetto

(temperatura tarata a 90°C - pressione tarata a 6 bar)

Relé n.c.

Al pulsantetemporizzato

TermostatoSOGGIORNO

Relé n.c.

Al pulsantetemporizzato

Spessore110 mm

Larghezza2430 mm

Alte

zza

2060

mm

PLASMA 19/50

Termostato tarato a 45°C

rubinetto conportagomma

rubinetto conportagomma

18 lt.

1,5 bar

18 lt.

1,5 bar

I tee dell'impianto segnati col simbolo o dovranno essere realizzati il piu vicino possibile

ai fori del bollitore.

Abita

zione

Cen

trale

Term

ica

Abita

zione

Ø 1

"Acc

iaio

Zin

c.

Termometro

This work was carried out in a small team. Considering a two-storey residential villa located in the country side of a small village on Lake Garda (Italy), the project includes: • Calculation of the building’s thermal power demand for heating and domestic hot water • Heating and domestic hot water system design (all components: storage tanks, boiler, radiant panels, distribution system, etc.) • Thermal solar system sizing (collectors, expansion tank) • Regulation system

Covered topics:

calculation of heating and cooling loads in buildings

operation and design of HVAC systems

HVAC control systems

Hand-made draft of the designed system

FINAL SCHEME OF THE PLANT

radiant panels

Ground and first floor plan with space heating collectors and examples of designed radiant panels

space heating

collectors

Domestic hot water distribution and recirculation network

AUTOCAD

Amongst other skills, this project allowed me to improve my ability in

technical drawing.

Dynamic building performance simulation

COURSE WORK (TEAM-BASED) BOLZANO, 2014

The aim of this project is the analysis of behaviour and energy performance of a building envelope. The calculations are done on the villa considered in the previous work presented in this portfolio (HVAC design). This project includes: • Thermal bridges analysis • Critical surface humidity and interstitial condensation evaluation • Lighting analysis (daylight + artificial lighting) • Thermal comfort analysis (with indices PMV and PPD) Covered topics:

building energy balance

psychometric and moisture migration

environmental comfort

THERM

Thermal bridges

ECOTECT

Electric lighting levels

Daylighting levels

Overall lighting levels

LIGHTING MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION

Design of a CHP generation plant

COURSE WORK (TEAM-BASED) BOLZANO, 2015

Cogeneration (Combined Heat and Power or CHP) = simultaneous production of electricity and heat

The aim of this project is to choose and analyse two cogeneration plants for two different users: a domestic and a commercial unit.

For each user, the thermal and electric load profiles in winter and summer conditions are given.

The choice of the technologies is based on the analysis of those profiles.

domestic user

commercial user

DATA ANALYSIS

MICRO GAS TURBINE (DOMESTIC USER)

dimensioning of all the components of the plant (heat exchanger, storage

tank, boiler)

Calculation of MGT thermodynamic cycle

p-v diagram T-s diagram

MATLAB +

CANTERA

MANAGEMENT OF THE MGT PLANTThe system operates in thermal priority mode. Generally the electric power is sold to the grid when the production exceeds the demand, while it is bought in case of necessity.

MGT operation with woodgas feedingPrimary Energy Saving (PES) index compares the amount of fuel that is required to produce the desired electric and thermal energy with a separate production and with a cogeneration device. High efficiency cogeneration: PES > 0.

woodgas composition

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (COMMERCIAL USER)

Calculation of ICE thermodynamic cycle

p-v diagram T-s diagram

MATLAB +

CANTERA

COMBUSTION ANALYSIS

The combustion of both natural gas and woodgas in the MGT is analysed in terms of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics.

Combustion balance Thermodynamic equilibrium

molar fraction of combustion products as a function of air excess

mixture composition at the thermodynamic equilibrium in the combustion chamber, assuming constant pressure and enthalpy

Adiabatic flame temperature in the combustion chamber

NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS AND REMOVAL

The nitrogen oxides NOx are pollutant compounds that have to be controlled in terms of amount of emissions.

natural gas woodgas

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Fuel residence time in the combustion chamber

Solar Impulse: around the world on a 100% sun-powered airplane

RESEARCH WORK (INDEPENDENT) BOLZANO, 2015

This work includes an in-depth study of multiple aspects of the Solar Impulse project that promotes the use of clean technologies and renewable forms of energy, as well as the importance of pioneering spirit.

TECHNICAL CHALLENGES • energy to cross oceans and continents • flying over 35000 km • being as light as a car

Bertrand Piccard & André Borschberg Sources: www.solarimpulse.com; www.bertrandpiccard.com

SOLAR IMPULSE: first airplane of perpetual endurance

able to fly day and night without using any fuel

Sources: www.solarimpulse.com; www.bertrandpiccard.com

Selection of the best materials for STRENGTH and LIGHTNESS

Skeleton of fuselage in carbon fibre tubes

Wingspar: sandwich assembly with carbon fibre and honeycomb structure

17248 mono-crystalline solar cells on 269.5 m2 of surface 340 kWh/day

PROPULSION SYSTEM Energy efficiency: 94%

Speed: 36 km/h to 140 km/h

From sun to propulsion: total efficiency: 16%

ENERGY MANAGEMENT • Light energy from sun: 250 W/m2 on average over 24 hours • 269 m2 of photovoltaic cells • 16% total efficiency of propulsion chain • average power achieved by motors: 11 kW (15 hp)

Energy optimisation fly day and night without fuel

THE FLIGHT CYCLE • equilibrium between potential energy (in the

aircraft height) and electric (chemical) energy (in the batteries)

HUMAN CHALLENGES • up to 5-6 consecutive days in a 3.8 m3 unpressurised and unheated cockpit

Endurance and vigilance

The route around the world

A dream becoming reality…

RESUMÉ

Master degree in Energy Engineering Libera Università di Bolzano, Italy

Bachelor degree in Environmental Engineering Università degli studi di Trento, Italy

Science High School diploma Liceo scientifico A. Maffei, Riva del Garda (TN), Italy

EDUCATION RELEVANT WORK EXPERIENCE

Via Bassinel, 2 37018 Malcesine (VR) Italy martabenedetti@live.com ITA +39 348 892 7252 SUI +41 76 528 9875

SKILLS

RELEVANT COURSEWORK

• Building energy performance simulations

• Energy management • Lighting design and analysis

(Daysim, Dialux) • Programming (Matlab) • Technical drawing (AutoCAD)

• Photoshop • CHP generation plants • Problem solving • Team spirit & strong

interpersonal skills • Ambitious, determined and

competitive

• Thermodynamics • Building physics and its

applications • HVAC systems

• Solar energy systems • District heating and CHP

generation

CAREER INTERESTS• Renewable energy • Energy resources

management • Lighting design engineering

• HVAC systems design • Building services engineering • Energy consultancy

Environmental engineering Intern WSC studio, Trento, Italy

OTHER ACTIVITIESAlpine ski instructor and former athlete Passionate of outdoor sports: watersports, hiking, cycling

CONTACT