BY

PRATIMA PANDEY &

ARINDAM CHAKRAB ORTY

JANUARY 11 , 2014

Towards comple t ion o f ‘On l ine Course On So l id Waste Management ’

UNESCO - IHE Ins t i tu te f o r Water Educat ion

Solid Waste Management Master Plan for Mumbai, India

Vision 2023

Contents of the Presentation

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

Mumbai

Capital of Maharashtra

state of India; was

called ‘Bombay’ till November

1995

Mumbai Metropolitan

Region (MMR) -

India’s most populous at 18.4 Million - consists of

7 areas including Greater Mumbai

Greater Mumbai

consists of ‘Island city’ and Suburbs - population

of 12.4 Million b

Area: 437.71 Sq Km; Most dense city in

the world with 28,000 per sq.km c

Contd.

Mumbai

41.3% of total Urban households

live in ‘Slums’ d

Governed by municipal

corporation called the Municipal Corporation of

Greater Mumbai (MCGM,

hereafter) or Brihanmumbai

Municipal Corporation (BM

C)

Climate – Moderately hot, humid almost

throughout the year

Contd.

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

At source

During processing

Top to bottom

• Low service coverage• Littering, open burning • No source

segregation or treatment

• Open and over-burdened dumpsites (esp. Deonar and Mulund)

• No formal recovery & recycling

• Long-term planning not apparent

• Lack of communication & transparency between MCGM and public

• Public Apathy

“ ‘Maximum city’…Minimum Waste Management?”

Municipal Solid waste generation: 7000 Tons Per Day (TPD); expected to go upto 10,000 TPD by 2025 c

“Municipal solid waste" includes commercial and

residential wastes generated in a municipal or

notified areas in either solid or

semi-solid form excluding industrial

hazardous wastes but including treated bio-

medical wastes” f

Chart: Typical Current Waste Composition e

Waste in the City…

Waste Management in the City…

Collection Beat system of

sweeping; area assigned to a pair of sweepers g

Frequency generally once a day

83% served by community bin collection system and 15% by door to door collection g

35,000 personnel employed and fleet of 800 vehicles h

Slum Adoption Scheme g:• Honorarium to

Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) to lead slum-cleaning; authorized to collect small amounts per household in lieu of services provided

Advanced Locality Management (ALM) g –

• Street communities interact with Ward officers for civic issues including waste management

gg

Waste Management in the City…

Waste Collection from

surrounding areas

3 Transfer stations at Mahalaxmi, Kurla and Versova i

3 Dumpsites at Mulund (4 Ha), D

eonar (55 Ha) and KanjurMarg

(66 Ha) e

Highlights of Informal Recycling: •Door-to-door waste collectors, street and dumpsite rag pickers, or the roaming waste dealers j

•Dharavi slum, one of the largest slums of the world, a ‘recycling hub’ k

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

Master Plan

Vision 2023 for Mumbai City

“A clean city which focuses on both waste

reduction & waste recovery on the strength of

collaboration between all major stakeholders,

primarily citizens & administration…”

Master Plan Limitations

Low Community Awareness

Non-satisfactory record of law implementation

Land a limiting resource

Limited finances for costly technology

Complicated sharing of finance and land with neighboring municipal corporations

Stakeholders

MCGM

Private sector

Private collectors

Waste-pickers

NGOs, ALMs

Public

NGO –Non-governmental Organisation

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

Master Plan – Waste Collection

Increase service coverage to 100% - from current 71% A

Door-to-door collection - Current 11% to 23% to 50% in 5 yr span

Waste collection in MOST slums (40% of the city’s households) be under coverage

Public Awareness campaigns Waste reduction at source Use of collection bins ‘Littering is a punishable

offence’ with penalty of $10 from 7th year onwards

Increase ‘segregation at source’ by 20% - to fulfill source composting (8%) & recycling targets (12%)

Provision of segregation bins Awareness among

public/Municipal Collection personnel/waste pickers Need/ways of remunerable

segregation Pivotal role played by waste-

pickers Part-time Employment of rag-

pickers Punitive action for non-

segregation of waste from 7th year onwards

For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

71%75%

100%

11%

23%

50%

60%53%

50%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

2013 2018 2023

100% service coverage Door to door coverage Collection bin coverage

Chart 2: Comparison of recommended trends of two modes of service coverage towards goal of 100%

Master Plan – Waste Transportation, Processing and Disposal

Waste Transportation

Design transport routes keeping public convenience in view

Arrange modernized, parallel set of vehicles in 5 yr span Smooth transfer of waste from

bins to trucks Manual waste handling to be

phased out

Waste Processing & DisposalSanitary changes to existing Landfill and urgent diversion of waste reaching and sitting in the landfillSanitary provisions in KanjurMarg (KM) landfill (60 Hectare area)Phase-out other two dumpsites in scientific way (see Timeframe Table)Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) Plant in 6 Hectare of KM

For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

Master Plan - Recycling and Recovery

Composting (including localized vermi-composting) & Anaerobic digestion (AD)

Contracts of MCGM with private sector to supply compost bins at source; buy compost, biogas, digestate

Formalizing ‘informal’ recycling

Part-time Employment of rag-pickers

special provisions for Dharavi slum to encourage recycling efforts

Contracts of MCGM with private sector to buy recyclables at market price

For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

65% of generated waste is organic20% of generated waste is

recyclable

Implementation Timeframe

Targets 2013 2018 2023Daily waste generated (TPD) 7000 8115 9407Service Coverage 71% 75% 100%Segregation at source (%) 0% 10% 20%Public Awareness campaign ----From 1st to 6th

year---Collected waste (TPD) 5,798 6,412 8,736

On-site composting 0% 14% 25%AD treatment in Mulund 0% 6% 6%Recycling from MBT plant 0% 10% 18%

Waste recovered (%) 0% 30% 49%Waste dumped in Landfill 5,798 4,488 4,480KanjurMarg 2,798 3,488 4,480Deonar (50% in first 5 years) 2,000 1,000 ClosedMulund 1,000 Closed Closed

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

Social & EnvironmentalSustainability Assessment

Waste Collection PlanIncreasing service coverage to 100% a welcome move for societyMajor relief to slum dwellersLittering penalty generally acceptable to publicWaste tax (1%) to be imposed but incentives to be provided to performersAwareness and advertising campaigns to increase acceptance

Waste Transportation PlanConvenience for society and good for environment

Waste Processing and Disposal PlanRelief to people in vicinity of dumpsites Lowered air, soil and water pollutionLand saved by provision of waste diversion from landfill

Waste Recycling and Recovery PlanReduce Green house gas emissionsProvision of sanitary compost bins to households & contracts to buy compost and recyclables by MCGM and awareness campaigns to increase acceptance

Cost Heads 2013 2018 2023

Collection & Transportation 49 71 116

Processing & Disposal 18 44 46

Recycling and Recovery Costs - 5 10Provision for Dharavi & advertising campaigns - 12 18

TOTAL COSTS 67 132 190

Financial Sustainability Assessment

Revenue Heads 2013 2018 2023

Waste Collection - 12

Recovery revenues 28 69

Waste Tax 0.03 0.034Revenues collected through property tax, water bill etc 52 69 93

TOTAL REVENUES 52 97 174

All figures in Million US Dollars

External benefits not included like reduced expenditure on public health, Air pollution etc

020406080

100120140160180200

2013 2018 2023

Milli

ons

Axis Title

TOTAL COSTS TOTAL REVENUES

to be bridged through financing by World bodies, NGOs, countries etc

Chart 3: Comparison of Current and Predicted Costs and Revenues

About Mumbai

Current Waste Management Scenario

Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023

Proposed Master Plan - Decoded

Sustainability Assessment

Highlights and Conclusion

What the Plan stands for?

Waste to be treated as resourcePublic awareness and participation in a big wayCollaborative functioning of MCGMEmphasis on implementation of MSW rules,

through ‘carrot and stick’ policy for the stakeholders

References (in order of appearance)

a Mumbai First (2012a) Workshop on Metropolitan Governance and Planning. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.mumbaifirst.org/metropolitan/presentation/Transport_Plan_for_MMR_and_Resourse_Generation_Plan_under_Mumbai_Transformation.pdf

b Census India (2011a) Mumbai (Greater Mumbai) City Census 2011 data. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/365-mumbai.html

c MCGM. (2013a). Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://c4b79f15e55f98176905a7c2c7d910ee

d Chandramouli, C. (2011). Housing Stocks, Amenities and Assets in Slums - Census 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from censusindia.gov.in/2011-Documents/On_Slums-2011Final.ppt

e Mumbai First. (2012b). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from Mumbai First: http://www.mumbaifirst.org/metropolitan/presentation/MCGM.pdf

f ” Ministry of Envrionment and Forests India. (2000). MSW Rules 2000. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from envis.mse.ac.in/lawspdf/SOLID%20WASTE.pdf

References

g G MCGM. (n.d.(a)). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engineer/Deputy%20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan/Solid%20Waste%20Management.pdf

h BCPT. (n.d.). Solid Waste Management in Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/solidwaste.pdf

i MCGM. (2013b). Functional Elements of SWM in Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from MCGM: http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcleanover

j Mahadevia, D., Pharate, B., & Mistry, A. (2005). New Practices of Waste Management - Case of Mumbai. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://spcept.ac.in/pdf/New%20Practices%20of%20Waste%20Management%20-%20Case%20of%20Mumbai.pdf

k CNN. (2012). The slums of Mumbai: A model of urban sustainability? Retrieved November 21, 2013, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2012/02/world/interactive.mumbai.slums.sustainability/

71% service coverage - Combining two sources of information, one indicating a non-collection of 15% of waste (Ghanekar, 2013); and another arguing that most slums (comprising 40% of city’s households (Chandramouli, 2011)) do not come in the formal waste collection system of Municipal body, we get a figure of 71% service coverage (85%*60%+50%*40%); i.e., 85% of the non-slums and half of slums.

Thank You for your attention!