Marcel RommertsHead of Unit Transport Research and Innovation

Utrecht, 20 May 2015

EU-sponsored innovation in mobility management

About a Cow and Manneken Pis

Contents of presentation

• Innovation in transport and mobility

• Message from Nikolaus von Peter, Member of Commissioner Bulc’s Cabinet

• Who wants to milk the cow?

EU-funding for research and innovation in the field of transport and mobility (Horizon 2020)

• Good ideas travel across borders

The role of EU-supported projects in policy transfer in urban transport

The power of innovation

Mobility management and transportRecognition by EU

• EU-funding for research, innovation and take up: MOMENTUM and MOSAIC projects (1996)

• EPOMM: from a call for proposals (1998) to a network of national governments and partners – great job done with limited resources

• ECOMM: from Amsterdam (1997) to …. Utrecht (2015)

• Transport White Paper (2011): ''Mobility Management is a .. concept to manage the demand for car use by changing attitudes and travel patterns'' (points 373 and 374 in staff working document).

• EPOMM invited to join EC Expert Group on Urban Mobility

-> key concern: national policy frameworks (horizontal and vertical policy coherence)

Mobility management and energySaving oil in a hurry (IEA, 2005)

Message from Nikolaus von Peter

Who wants to milk the cow?

Horizon 2020

Excellence in science

Industrial leadership

Societal challenges

Health 9,7%

Food 5%

Energy 7,7%

Transport 8,2%

Climate 4%

Changing world 1,7%

Security 2,2%

Share of Horizon 2020

7 Societal challenges

Transport

6339

Energy

5931

Food

3851

Health

7472

Security

1695

Climate

3081

Changing world

1310

What's new in Horizon 2020?

• Coupling research to innovation – from research to market uptake

• Challenge-based, open topics

• Standard evaluation criteria for all proposals: Excellence, Impact, and Quality and efficiency of the implementation

• Major simplification of financial and contractual rules

• Successful applicants to get working more quickly: time-to-grant of 8 months (some exceptions)

• No negotiation of the grant agreement, what is submitted will be evaluated and will become the technical annex to the contract

• Main bulk of budget still implemented through collaborative projects - consortia with partners from different MS/associated countries

• Externalised implementation

SMART, GREEN and INTEGRATED TRANSPORT

Objective:

"To achieve a European transport system that is resource-efficient, climate-and-environmentally-friendly, safe and seamless for the benefit of all citizens, the economy and society."

The logic:• a holistic, systems approach …• … that recognises modal specificities• … that is focused on the societal challenges …• … and takes into account the imperatives of competitiveness

Examples of topics

• Transforming the use of conventionally fuelled vehicles in urban areas (MG.5.1-2014)

• Reducing impacts and costs of freight and service trips in urban areas (MG.5.2-2014)

• Tackling urban road congestion (M.G.5.3-2014)

• Strengthening the knowledge and capacities of local authorities (M.G.5.4-2015)

• Demonstrating and testing innovative solutions for cleaner and better urban transport and mobility (M.G.5.5-2015)

EAs

REA

ERCEA

EASME

INEA

EACEA

CHAFEA

PPPs

IMI2

FCH2

CleanSky2

BBISESAR

2

Shift2

Rail

ECSEL

EITEIB

The Galaxy of research-related bodies

CLIMA

EACMOVE

ENTR

JRC CNCT

AGRI

COMM

RTD

ENER

ENV

DEVCO

SANCOECHO

MARE

P2Ps

EDCTP 2

AAL 2

EUROSTARS

2

EMPIR

INEA in short

• On 1 January 2014, INEA replaced the TEN-T EA (the Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency)

• Solid experience in programme implementation and project management

• €37 billion: largest budget of all EAs for 2014-2020

• Expected budget Horizon 2020 Transport: €2.9 billion

• Rapid expansion from 100 staff in TEN-T EA to 318 staff managing 2100+ projects by 2020

• Currently 159 staff in a multinational team of 26 nationalities

• Supervised by 4 parent Commission DGs: MOVE, RTD, ENER and CNECT

>

Information on the transport calls

• Multi-annual work programme 2014-2015: published in 2013

• 2014 call: projects signed and starting from 1 May 2015

• 2015 call: first deadline for proposals on 23 April 2015, evaluation in May/June 2015; second deadline 15 October 2015, evaluation in November/December 2015

• Future calls: multi-annual work programme 2016-2017, publication expected September 2015

• 2016 call: expected soon after publication work programme, first deadline for proposals expected in January 2016

• ……

Lessons learned from the first calls

• Proposals need to respond well to the Impact criterion

• No-negotiation principle

• The budget should be carefully planned

• Pay attention to ethical issues

• Check the applicable detailed rules in the annotated grant agreement

• For more information on the work programme and the calls, your first point of contact is your National Contact Point for transport (contact details on the Horizon 2020 Participant Portal)

We need you!

• All project proposals are evaluated by panels of independent experts

• At least 30% new experts for every evaluation

• Mix of competences, backgrounds, gender and geographical balance

• We pay a fee and in case of on-site evaluation in Brussels we reimburse travel costs and offer a daily allowance

• The call for evaluators is permanently open on the Horizon 2020 Participant Portal

• We need more transport experts, we need you!

Good ideals travel across borders

PhD research

Objective:

''To assess if and how policy ideas, concepts and information are transferred through EU-supported projects in the field of urban transport.''

Design of the empirical research:

• 10 year study period: 1995 – 2005• Projects funded by FP and other programmes• Desk research plus 30 semi-structured interviews with key

informants, segmented in different groups• Case studies: urban road user charging and mobility

management

European transport policyFour stages of development:

• 1st period (1950’s – 1960’s): non-controversial technical and social harmonisation

• 2nd period (1970’s – mid 1980’s): despite Commission proposals and action plans the Council refused to act

-> Court of Justice censured Council for its failure to enact legislation to fulfil Treaty obligations relating to free circulation and cross-border services (1985)

• 3rd period (mid 1980’s – 2000): activist period with TEN-T proposals, first Transport White Paper (1992), launch of transport RTD (1994); Citizens Network Green Paper (1998)

-> Bypassing subsidiarity through the research backdoor-> EU enlargement: Austria, Finland, Sweden (1995), preparation for enlargement: Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary (2004), Bulgaria and Romania (2007)

• 4th period (2000 – today): shift towards climate/ environmentally responsible transport, increased action on urban mobility - fully integrated

Policy transfer

• Policy transfer is an action-oriented intentional activity that leads to policy convergence (Evans and Davies,1999).

• It concerns policies and/or practices that are actually transferred (Dolowitz, 2003).

• ‘Cut and paste’ policy transfers are the exception, not the rule (Various scholars).

• Complies with subsidiarity principle.

• Criticism: concept pays insufficient attention to importance of context; how to assess policy success or failure (i.e. impact); and the (trust) relationships between information providers and information gatherers.

Understanding policy transfer (1)

Policies and practices transferred inside project networks

Practical policy solutions and tools

40%

Management, administration and

financial procedures

18%

Context information

11%

Policy making and planning

approaches11%

Scientific knowledge and

research methodologies

8%

Sustainable urban transport strategies

6%

Other6%

Understanding policy transfer (2)

Media used:

• In formal settings:- formal exchanges, debates or discussions during meetings; - official written sources of information, such as project

reports and publications;- conferences and workshops, with good, inspirational

presenters; - site visits.

• In informal settings:- informal exchanges during meetings; - informal communication outside meetings, for example

during social events.

Case study analysis: links between projects

• Links between projects ('daughter projects') develop because of a largely stable 'core group' of individuals which moves from one project to the next -> average size about half of the partners-> this group leads and drives the project

• Personal trust-relationships act as 'glue' between the group members

• In certain cases, the 'core group' stays together because it wants to follow a policy life cycle

Case study analysis: projects and implementation

The take up of urban road user charging and mobility management policies may have been influenced by:

• synchronicity in the debate among stakeholders involved (including at different levels of government);

• the presence of policy and knowledge support (for example in the form of a project network);

• the political risk attached to implementation

Overview of project participation

Period 1 Period 2

All participants Coordinators only All participants Coordinators onlyUK AT BE DE FR IT NL ES GR CH SE CZ PT FI MO  

1299 9 5 5 5 4 4 2 2 111 1

AT BE DE GR NL UK

321 1 1 1

AT DE ES BE FR IT UK NL PT RO SE GR CZ CH IE

139 87 77 74 44 43211 

AT BEIT PT UK

31111

Development of national framework conditions for mobility management in selected countries

CountryStage

1996

Status

1996

Develop-ment

1996-2001Stage 2007

Status

2007

Austria 3 infancy status, non-governmental activities O 4 no national policy, many pilot

projects,

financial incentives (Klima:aktiv)

Belgium (Flanders) 3-4 regional competence, transport plans ªª 3-5 scattered picture, Flanders very

active (example: mobility

covenants)

France 1-2 limited presence, focus on major infrastructure ªª 4-5 Institutionalised through

obligatory sustainable urban

transport plans, national

information system under

development

Germany 4 young topic, pilot status, broad vision ª 4 many bottom up initiatives,

fragmented policy

Italy 1(3) early stage, local examples ªªª 4-5 -- (no information provided)

Netherlands 4-5 well developed, organisational framework,

incentivesªª 5 institutionalised and widespread,

knowledge networks, public-

private agreements, many local

and regional initiatives

Portugal 1-2 early stage, lack of discussion O 3 local pilot projects

Spain 1(3) evolving framework, integration of modes ª 3 many local pilot projects, training

and conferences

Sweden 2-3 sustainable transport policy, political backing,

concept newªª 5 institutionalised and widespread,

national ‘sustainable travel’

programme, national evaluation

tool (SUMO)

Switzerland 2-3 integrated approach non-existent, bottom-up

development, progressive public transportªª 4 no national policy but supporting

legislation and initiatives,

knowledge network

United Kingdom 3 policy discussion, local activities ªªª 5 institutionalised and widespread,

knowledge networks, targets,

guidance, evaluation, financial

incentives

Stages of development: Development 1996-2001

1: Improving alternatives ªªª rapid

development

2: Encouraging less car use ªª steady

development

3: Mobility management in its infancy ª slow

development

4: Mobility management as a project O little

development

5: Mobility management as long-term

process

   

Link between MM projects and policy

• In most of the countries that were analysed, there is a clear progress in the development of the framework conditions.

• Between 1996 and 2007 the number of countries that has reached the stage where mobility management has become a long-term process, reflected by a full institutionalisation of mobility management, widespread initiatives and the establishment of knowledge networks, has increased from one to six.

• Several interviewees have stressed the important role played by the European Commission in the recognition, development and take up of mobility management.

Influence of projects on policy decisions

• Projects seem to have influenced policy -> but it is not clear from the analysis how far the influence came from ideas exchanged and how far from the EU-project as such

• There seems to be a link between project involvement and change in national policy framework conditions (policy development)

-> however, this doesn’t explain if project involvement has influenced policy or policy has influenced project involvement

• Integration of a local project in an EU-supported project is not a sufficient condition for success

-> without implementation, usually determined by contextual factors outside the scope of the project, transfer is not

successful

Application of the policy transfer concept

• Project networks in the field of urban transport can act as platforms for policy transfer;

• Project participation is people-driven and mainly linked with the wish of an individual, sometimes in combination with the strategy of his/her organisation;

• Trust is an important precondition for successful policy transfer;

• Usually, policy transfer happens in the form of inspiration. Cases of direct copying are rare.

Maximising policy transfer (1)

• Both success factors related to the functioning of the project and related to the take up and implementation are relevant for policy transfer.

• Success factors related to the functioning:• The right project structure and procedures;• A cohesive project network with trust-relationships;• Involving the right individuals;• Allocating the right tasks/roles to the right people;• Managing effectively the risk of lack of focus;• Ensuring sufficient resources.

Maximising policy transfer (2)

• Success factors related to take up and implementation:• Reaching key/influential outsiders;• Inspiring them through communication in formal and informal

settings;• Encouraging them the 'change path' and 'adapt discourse'; • Trust relationships again play a role.

Context factors!

Thank you for your attention!marcel.rommerts@ec.europa.eu

Visit our website: http://inea.ec.europa.eu/

Visit the Horizon 2020 website:http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/