livelihoods, capitals, markets and networks corinne valdivia, elizabeth jiménez, jere gilles,...
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Livelihoods, Capitals, Markets and Networks
Corinne Valdivia, Elizabeth Jiménez, Jere Gilles, Porfidia Ajata, Olga Yana, Griselda Gonzales y Alejandro Romero, Lisa Rees and María Figueroa
The sample of the population studied:
Ancoraimes Umala
Communities Nº %
Communities Nº %
Chinchaya 37 38,3
Karcapata 13 10,1 San Jose Llanga 96 33,0
Calahuancani 23 13,4 San Juan Circa 31 17,1
Cohani 27 18,1 Vinto Copan 29 16,0
Chojñapata 27 18,1 Kellhuiri 23 13,8
TOTAL 149 100,0 TOTAL 181 100,0
Identifying differences in capitals between the two
studied sites
Capital endowments determine a household’s ability to handle shocks
Political Capital
Livelihoods and Capitals
InstitutionsInstitutionsCollective ActionCollective Action
PoliciesPolicies
Strateg
ies
New New Knowledge Knowledge
& & InformationInformation
Human Capital
Natural Capital
Social Capital
EconomicCapital
Public Capital
Climate Markets
SustainableSustainableLivelihoodsLivelihoods
CapabilitiesCapabilitiesProducedCapital
CulturalCapital
Ability to Act“what people can do or be
with their entitlements”
Financial capital: Differences on household income levels
Household income levels in Umala are twice the income of Ancoraimes
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Ancoraimes Umala
An
nu
al In
com
e in
$u
s
Other sources ofincome
Income for independentactivities
Income from wages
Income for agriculturalactivities
Human Capital: Umala has greater human capital than Ancoraimes
In both contexts, women have lower schooling than men
012345678
Ancoraimes Umala
Yea
rs o
f sc
ho
olin
g
Male Female
Productive Capital: Families in Umala have more than twice the land and livestock than in Ancoraimes
Land use
0
1
2
3
4
5
Planted Fallow Pasture Alfalfa
Uso de la tierraHa
s
Ancoraimes Umala
Livestock Ownership
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Shee
p
Impr
oved
Shee
p
Cattle
Impr
oved
Cattle Ho
gs
Cam
elide
s
Aver
age
Ancoraimes Umala
Natural Capital: measured in terms of crop diversification
Greater crop diversification in Ancoraimes
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of CropsPo
rcen
tage
Ancoraimes Umala
Greater diversity of varieties in Umala
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 11
Number of varieties
Porc
enta
ge
Ancoraimes Umala
Social Capital: measured by individual’s participation within producer and community organizations
Participation in community organizations is basically the same in both sites
0
20
40
60
80
100
Producer Organizations Community Organizations
Po
rcen
tag
e
Ancoraimes Umala
Participation in markets
In both sites, agricultural production is the most important source of cash income
In Umala more than 60 percent of cash income incomes from comercialization of agricultural
products
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Ancoraimes Umala
Ingreso por actividades agropecuarias Ingreso por salarios
Ingreso por actividades independientes Otros ingresos
Commercialization is more evenly diversified in Umala
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ancoraimes Umala
Crops Livestock Processed
The Main market outlet at both sites is the local market and the main source of information are middle man
Most important markets for the commecialization of potatos
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
En la mismacomunidad
Patacamaya Faro Murillo-RioSeco-Ceja El Alto
Morocollo Achacachi Chejepampa
%
Ancoraimes Umala
The two most important sources of information are middle men and community members
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
De losrescatistas y/ocomerciantes
Miembros dela comunidad
Organizaciónde productores
Radio De técnicosy/o programas de
capacitación
%
Umala Ancoraimes
Migration and income from wages outside the
household
The second most important source of household income is wages
Cash income is more significant in Ancoraimes
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ancoraimes Umala
Ingreso por actividades agropecuarias Ingreso por salarios
Ingreso por actividades independientes Otros ingresos
Participation in temporary employment is concentrated in vulnerable jobs
Seasonal employment for migrant workers
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
%
Ancoraimes
Umala
Masters Degree Research: The role of women’s bargaining
power within the household Women’s “participation” in
participatory research The impact of the adoption of new
technologies on the household
What do these results suggest:
There are substantial differences in capitals, livelihood strategies and participation in markets across the two sites studied
Yet, we need to go down and examine the characteristics across communities, and
Complement our analysis with qualitative information
Where we go from here:
Assess the extent in which site differences explain household’s ability to handle risk, uncertainty and shocks
Identify strategies to improve household resilience financial products, market participation
Link our analysis with biophysical indicators