BUILDING SCIENCE

IIDBN 223

PREPARED FOR: EN. MUHAMMAD NAIM BIN MAHYUDDIN

TITLE: LIGHTING PERFORMANCE IN UiTM PERAK’S LIBRARY

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYINGDEPARTMENT OF BUILDING

MUHAMMAD ADIB BIN RAMLI @

MOHD. YUSOFF

HAKIM BIN MOHD RIDZA

MUHAMMAD ZAID BIN HJ. RUSLI

ALIF SHERWANI BIN ABDUL ALEEM

NOR ASWANI BINTI ZAM

OPTIBOOK

INTRODUCTION OF LIGHTING

Light is defined as radiant energy that is capable of exciting the

human retina and creating a visual sensation. Light also can

defined as that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to

which our eyes are sensitive. The good quality of lighting can

support visual performance and interpersonal communication

and improve our feelings of wellbeing. Poor quality lighting can

be uncomfortable and confusing and can inhibit visual

performance.

Lighting present the information required by the designer to

create a quality lighting environment that necessary for

satisfying aesthetic and biological needs as well as the lighting

required to perform certain tasks.

OBJECTIVE There are several objectives in investigate the

lighting performance, which is:-

1. Identify the factor or building parameters that effect the

distribution of daylight and artificial light.

2. Identify the problems of lighting systems in building and

technique or solution in overcomes the problem.

3. Identify whether spaces in existing building had been

designed to meet the standard requirement for

illumination.

LOCATION OF CASE STUDY

The location of the study is at UiTM Perak’s library. This

library is selected based on the simple design of the

building. This library has only two floors. This library will

open at 8 am and close at 10 pm. At the weekends, it

will be closed at 6 pm. In the early morning when the

library opened, the entry of sunlight can be seen clearly.

But, in the evening, the inclusion of hard to see daylight

for lighting illuminates the entire space of the library.

The entire library window tinted make entry more

difficult daylight.

LOCATION OF CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY Background of UiTM Perak’s Library.

Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perak) was established with the co-operation of

the Perak State Government and officially opened in 1985 at Bandar Baru Seri

Manjung. The campus is now located at Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Tengah

District and occupies an area of approximately 392.36 acres. The University

started operations on 1st January 1999. This campus is strategically located

along the Ipoh – Lumut main road, which provides easy access to both Ipoh

and Lumut.

Library Division has been established in tandem with the establishment of

ITM in Seri Manjung Perak Branch on January 1, 1985. In January 1997, The

Silver Branch Library ITM has moved to its permanent campus in Seri

Iskandar and placed temporarily in the ground floor of the Faculty of

Architecture, Planning and Survey (FSPU).In April 2003, the Library has been

fully operational in its own building. It is headed by a Deputy Chief Librarian

and assisted by four librarians and 22 support staff.

CASE STUDY Lighting Performance in Library

In UiTM Perak’s library, the lighting performance is tendency

to give less attention to the daylighting of rooms and use

mostly on artificial lighting only. The distribution of light in

form of grid arrangement. The type of lamps use is typical

Fluorescent lamp that is cylindrical in shape. The use of

ceiling-mounted as luminaire for fluorescent lamp can avoid

glare that can cause discomfort on occupant or reader in

UiTM Perak’s library. The use curtain blind at the window

minimize the lighting on daylight. Thus, daylighting use in

this library is less; in percentage is about 5 % only while the

artificial lighting is 95 % that are use most.

In design of Permanent supplementary artificial lighting of

interiors (PSALI) requirement that is system of combined

daylighting and artificial lighting is not applicable in this

building because the design is not balance between

daylighting and artificial lighting that are not economic on

energy consumption. Reflected glare that one of type of

glare, may also occur commonly as a result of reflection

coming from a bright source like table that are glossy

surfaces.

CASE STUDY Factor Affecting the Distribution of Lighting in UiTM Perak’s Library.

1.0 BUILDING AREA AND

ORIENTATION

2.0 WINDOW AREA AND

POSITION

3.0 GLASS TYPE

4.0 SHADING

5.0 EXTERNAL

OBSTRUCTION

CASE STUDY

The nearest building the library is faculty account building which located on the left. The

building use concept that depth of the room on from window to back wall is too long comparing

with the width and height, then the half of the room tends to look shadowy compared to the

brightly-lit front half and supplement electric lighting will be required for most the operation

hour. The libraries facing the east thus directly receive sunlight. At the moment, there are no

obstructions to other building. During evening, sunrise position changed to the front of faculty

account building thus, creating obstruction to the library building. This happened due to the

position of the building.

1.0 BUILDING AREA AND ORIENTATION

CASE STUDY 2.0 WINDOW AREA AND

POSITION

The library use wide window openings that provide greater depth

of daylight penetration and the view of green landscape include

the entire garden flora outside the building suitable for the

consumer of library. So the opening with low sills project more

light into floor and permit better distribution of reflected ground

light.

CASE STUDY 3.0 GLASS TYPE

The library use tinted glass as the glass may absorb considerable amount

of infrared with some reduction of visible light. The VT ranges from 0.23

to 0.51. Use of tinted glass may prolong the furniture texture because the

glass good at blocking ultraviolet rays. This also helps in reduce the glare

on laptop screen as they are many student use their laptop at the library.

Safety measure can be taken as the glass block the ultraviolet ray that

could lead to cancer if exposed to it too much.

4.0 SHADING

CASE STUDY

The library use canvas material for interior shading device to shade the

window from direct sunlight penetration but allow diffuse daylight to be

emitted. The material can be seen at every glass window. The library

majorly do not have exterior shading device as the building surrounded by

huge trees, which also can be assume as external shading device.

5.0 EXTERNAL OBSTRUCTION

CASE STUDY

The external obstruction influences the daylight performance in two

aspects which is the amount of the sky being obstructed or unobstructed

and the colour of external surface finish that can be regarded as the

reflected luminance from the obstructing building. Above diagram shows

that the main obstruction is the trees that surrounding the building that

cause the internal building looks gloomy.

Plan in library’s building

Lighting distribution

Coordination of lamp in library’s building.

Ceiling-mounted fluorescent lamp

Lamp details Type of lamp: Typical

Fluorescent

Amount of lux transmitted:

1200 lux

Amount of heat gain release:

25 °C

Position of window in UiTM’s library

Plan in library’s building

Window details

Type of glass:

Tinted glass

Colour of tinted glass:

Purplish-Black

Size:

2000 mm x 2000

mm

Amount of lux allowed

transmitting:

range ( 50 - 70

lux)

PROBLEM & SOLUTIONProblem and solution - 1

• Problem: Indirect glare.

• Description: it would difficult task to

work under these conditions where the

image of a high intensity source of

light is reflected into the eyes from a

glossy surface.

• Solution:

1) change the table and using type of

table that are non- glossy surface.

2) covered the surface of table by use

light- absorbent material like dark

colour‘s cotton fabric.

Problem and solution - 2

• Problem: Less amount of

daylighting transmitted into

library.

• Description: too dependent on

artificial lighting and using less

efficiency on energy saving.

• Solution: use of low-e glass that

consume good daylighting and

substantially cutting down heat

gain rather than use tinted glass

that reduce the visible light

transmitted into library.

PROBLEM & SOLUTION

Problem and solution - 3

PROBLEM & SOLUTION

• Problem: many obstruction

causes irregular distribution of

light.

• Description: the suitable lighting

distribution will give good

lighting performance according

their needs.

• Solution: rearrange the position

of furnisher and other

equipment.

CONCLUSIONWe can conclude that, we have learnt a lot about lighting from our

investigation in library UiTM Perak for this assignment. We gain more knowledge and

information about lighting in this building. More than that, this case study had made

our teamwork cooperation go stronger and we work together in order to finish this

assignment. From this case study we can differentiate the type of lighting used in this

building. Moreover, the type of luminaries’ used in this building is suitable to be used

with the condition of this building that not directly through the occupant. Furthermore,

we can conclude that the design for openings of window is suitable for this building;

this is because the light can give the student more concentration for their study.

From this study, we can summarise that the type of luminaries, lighting,

openings of windows and others used in this building is different. This also allows us

to gain more knowledge about lighting, thus enables us to finish this assignment

successfully.

~ THANK YOU ~