lesson 1 | the respiratory...

Respiration and Circulation 7

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Student Labs and Activities Page

Launch Lab 8

Content Vocabulary 9

Lesson Outline 10

MiniLab 12

Content Practice A 13

Content Practice B 14

School to Home 15

Key Concept Builders 16

Enrichment 20

Challenge 21

Skill Practice 22

Lesson 1 | The Respiratory System

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8 Respiration and Circulation

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How much air is in a breath?Do your lungs empty completely every time you breathe out? You can use a balloon to find out.

Procedure

Launch Lab LESSON 1: 10 minutes

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Place your hands on your ribs as you breathe in and out. Record your observations below in the Data and Observations section.

3. Breathe in normally. Breathe out normally into a balloon. Twist and hold the end of the balloon.

4. Have your partner use a metric tape measure to measure around the

balloon at its widest point. Record the measurement. Let the air out of the balloon.

5. Breathe in normally again. Breathe out as much air as you can into the balloon. Twist and hold the end. Repeat step 4.

6. Switch roles with your partner, and repeat steps 2–5 using a different balloon.

Data and Observations

Think About This

1. Was there a difference in the two measurements? Why do you think this happened?

2. Key Concept How do your lungs interact with the bones and muscles of your chest?

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Content Vocabulary

The Respiratory SystemDirections: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle. NOTE: There is no empty square in the puzzle between the words of two-word terms.

alveoli breathing bronchi cellular respiration diaphragm

larynx lungs pharynx trachea

1. tubes that branch off of the trachea

2. process that turns food molecules into energy

3. links the nose and mouth to the throat

4. a tube connected to the larynx and held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage

5. a big muscle that helps you breathe

6. sacs where gas exchange occurs

7. also known as the voice box

8. main respiratory organs

9. The letters in the vertical box spell , which is something that you are doing right now.

1

2

E

9

3

4

5

6

7

8

LESSON 1



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The Respiratory System A. Functions of the Respiratory System

1. is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

2. Air contains oxygen. Every cell in the body needs oxygen for a chemical reaction

called .

3. During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to release energy

from .

4. The respiratory system removes and other waste gases from the body.

B. Organs of the Respiratory System

1. The is a tubelike passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose.

2. The at the bottom of the pharynx keeps food and liquid out of the rest of the respiratory system.

3. Air passes from the pharynx into a triangle-shaped area called

the .

4. From the larynx, air moves into the windpipe or , a tube that is held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage.

5. The trachea branches into two narrower tubes called that lead into the lungs.

6. are the main organs of the respiratory system.

a. From the bronchi, air passes into smaller and narrower tubes in the lungs

called .

b. The tubes in the lungs end in microscopic sacs called .

c. occurs at the large surface area of the alveoli.

C. Breathing and Air Pressure

1. When high levels of carbon dioxide build up in your , the nervous system signals your body to breathe out, or exhale, and air moves out of your lungs.

Lesson Outline LESSON 1



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Lesson Outline continued

2. Below the lungs is a large muscle called the that contracts as you breathe.

a. Movement of the diaphragm muscle creates changes in air

that move air in and out of the lungs.

b. Inhalation occurs when your diaphragm .

D. Respiratory Health

1. Some respiratory illnesses make difficult and can even be life threatening.

2. The best way to maintain good respiratory health is to stay away from

and air pollution.

3. Common illnesses include colds, flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, emphysema, and lung cancer.

E. The Respiratory System and Homeostasis

1. Signals from the system trigger breathing.

2. The nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems work together to

maintain .



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How does exercise affect breathing rate?If you have ever played or watched a sport, you probably noticed that exercise changes breathing rate. How does exercise affect the number of breaths you take in 30 seconds?

Procedure

MiniLab LESSON 1: 20 minutes

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. For 30 seconds, count the number of breaths you take while sitting quietly. Record your data. Repeat for two more trials.

3. Following your teacher’s instructions, exercise briskly for 1 minute.

When your teacher tells you to stop exercising, immediately count the number of breaths you take in 30 seconds. Record your data. Repeat for two more trials.

Data and Observations

ActivityNumber of Breaths

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Sitting

Exercising

Analyze and Conclude 1. Calculate individual and class averages. How does your average breathing compare to

the class average?

2. Key Concept How does the change in breathing rate help your body maintain homeostasis?



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The Respiratory System Directions: Label this diagram by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line.

bronchi diaphragm larynx lungs

mouth nose pharynx trachea

Content Practice A

9. tubelike passageway at the top of the throat

10. flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx

11. a triangle-shaped area that holds the vocal cords

12. a tube that serves as the body’s windpipe

13. narrow tubes that lead into the lungs

14. the main organs of the respiratory system

15. small tubes of the respiratory system

16. microscopic sacs where gas exchange occurs

A. lungs

B. pharynx

C. alveoli

D. bronchi

E. trachea

F. epiglottis

G. bronchioles

H. larynx

Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once.

1.

2.

3.

4.

8.

7.

6.

5.

LESSON 1



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The Respiratory System Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle.

bronchi bronchioles carbon dioxide cellular respiration homeostasis

oxygen respiratory illness surface area trachea vocal chords

Content Practice B

1 2 3

4

5

6

7

10

8

9

Across 5. stability between working systems

6. narrow tubes leading to the lungsa cold, allergy, or asthma

8. small tubes in the lungs

9. release of energy from sugars

10. the windpipe

CLUES Down 1. a cold, allergy, or asthma

2. tissues that vibrate and make sound

3. enables a high rate of gas exchange

4. a waste product of cellular respiration

7. gas needed for cellular respiration

LESSON 1



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School to Home

The Respiratory SystemDirections: Use your textbook to complete the table.

List three facts about each part of the respiratory system.

1. Pharynx a.

b.

c.

2. Larynx a.

b.

c.

3. Trachea a.

b.

c.

4. Bronchi a.

b.

c.

5. Lungs a.

b.

c.

6. Alveoli a.

b.

c.

LESSON 1

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The Respiratory SystemKey Concept What does the respiratory system do?

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. What happens during cellular respiration?

2. Why is cellular respiration needed for life?

3. What is a waste product of cellular respiration?

4. What is the respiratory system?

5. Take a deep breath. Explain what happens to your body as you breathe air in and out.

6. What happens when people try to hold their breath?

7. What job does the respiratory system do besides bringing oxygen into your body?

8. What would happen to your body if waste products, such as carbon dioxide, were not removed from your body?

Key Concept Builder LESSON 1

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The Respiratory SystemKey Concept How do the parts of the respiratory system work together?

Directions: On the line before each description, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all.

Key Concept Builder

1. what carbon dioxide moves into during gas exchange

2. located in the larynx

3. two narrow tubes leading into the lungs

4. what lines the nose and most other airways of the respiratory system

5. passageway at the top of the throat

6. small, narrow tubes inside the lungs

7. often called the voice box

8. folds of tissue that vibrate and make sounds

9. also called the windpipe

10. small tubes of the respiratory system

11. microscopic sacs where gas exchange takes place

12. a tube held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage

13. located at the lower end of the pharynx

14. main organs of the respiratory system

15. flap of tissue that keeps food and liquids from entering the respiratory system

16. receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose

17. carry trapped particles away from the lungs

A. pharynx

B. larynx

C. vocal cords

D. trachea

E. bronchi

F. lungs

G. bronchioles

H. alveoli

I. epiglottis

J. cilia

LESSON 1



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The Respiratory SystemKey Concept How do the parts of the respiratory system work together?

Directions: Label this diagram by writing the correct letter for each term in the word bank on each line.

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

7. What happens to air taken in through the nose?

8. Where does the air go as it passes into the throat?

9. Where are the bronchi located, and what is their purpose?

Wall ofalveolus

Gas exchange in alveoli1.

2.

3. 4.

6.

5.

A. alveoli C. carbon dioxide E. oxygen

B. blood vessel D. lung F. red blood cells



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The Respiratory SystemKey Concept How does the respiratory system interact with other body systems?

Directions: Complete each statement in the space provided.

When this occurs, … … this happens.

When high levels of carbon dioxide build up in my blood,

1.

When I exhale, 2.

As I breath, my diaphragm 3.

The movement of my diaphragm causes

4.

I breathe because of changes 5.

When my diaphragm contracts and moves downward,

6.

When my diaphragm contracts, my chest muscles

7.

Lifting my rib muscles expands 8.

Increased space in my chest 9.

Because the air pressure in my chest is reduced, air

10.

If I get a severe respiratory illness, 11.

When I stay away from irritants, air pollution, and smoking,

12.



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Hiccups

Enrichment LESSON 1

Your diaphragm suddenly contracts and pulls air into your lungs. Your larynx contracts, too, and your vocal cords slam shut. You don’t speak a word. Instead, you . . . hiccup!

What causes hiccups?Hiccups are caused by several factors.

Irritations to the stomach, the organs in the chest, or the diaphragm play a role. For example, suppose you ate a large meal. Your stomach expands. Gas in the stomach pushes up on the diaphragm. The diaphragm contracts, and the lungs suck in air. The hiccup occurs when the closing vocal cords abruptly stop the movement of air. Hiccups are also associated with swallowing too much air, eating too quickly, drinking too much alcohol, and emotional stress.

Hiccups can be caused by more complicated medical problems that affect the central nervous system or the kidneys, among other organs. Hiccups caused by these problems might last for weeks or even months. They can lead to weight loss, insomnia, and exhaustion.

Usually, however, hiccups are a minor problem. One erupts every few seconds;

then they disappear on their own, within a matter of minutes. They are commonly produced by babies and other young animals that eat too quickly or swallow too much air. Even fetuses in the womb hiccup, as shown in ultrasound images.

Can hiccups be stopped?You might have been told to hold your

breath when you have hiccups. Maybe someone suggested breathing into a paper bag for a minute or two. Other remedies for hiccups include drinking a glass of cold water very quickly, swallowing a teaspoon of honey, or being startled.

Scientists theorize that these remedies often work because they distract the brain—basically, the brain turns its attention to other, more pressing matters, and the hiccups are forgotten. Holding your breath, for example, increases levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. The brain quickly shifts its focus and works to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide to normal levels.

If you would like to avoid hiccups in the first place, health experts recommend that you do not overeat. Eat and drink slowly, and chew your food carefully.

Applying Critical-Thinking SkillsDirections: Respond to each statement.

1. Compose lyrics to a song that describes the causes and effects of hiccups.

2. Critique this statement: Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood stop hiccups.

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Challenge

The Respiratory SystemPreventing Lung Diseases

According to the American Lung Association, lung disease is the third leading cause of death in the United States. In addition, some 35 million Americans suffer from chronic lung diseases, such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, lung cancer, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. Some of the known causes of lung disease include smoking, asbestos, and air pollution. Symptoms of lung disease might include difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or a persistent cough. Though lung disease cannot be entirely prevented, people can take certain steps to help decrease their chances of lung disease.

Educational MultimediaYour school would like to educate students about how to prevent lung diseases.

Research the causes and effects of at least two of the diseases mentioned above. Then create a multimedia presentation that includes facts about the diseases and tips on how to prevent them. Share your presentation with the class.

LESSON 1

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How can a model show the physics of breathing?Air flows from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure. This physics principle explains how air gets into and out of your lungs. Can this principle be observed in a model of the lungs?

Learn ItIn science, a model is a representation of how something in the natural world works. A model can be used to explain or predict a natural process.

Try It 1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Cut off the bottom one-third of a 1-liter clear, plastic drink bottle.

3. Blow into a small balloon two or three times to stretch it. Have your partner hold on to the bottle. Place the balloon inside the top of the bottle. Stretch the opened end of the balloon over the opening of the bottle.

4. Blow into a large balloon two or three times to stretch it. Tie a knot in the open end of the balloon. Cut off the tip of the opposite end of the balloon with scissors. Stretch the cut end of the balloon over the cut end of the bottle. Secure the balloon to the bottle with duct tape.

5. Pull down on the knotted end of the large balloon and then slowly release it. Observe what happens as you do this several times. Record your observations.

ModelSkill Practice LESSON 1: 20 minutes

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Hutchings Photography/Digital Light Source


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Apply It 6. Make a diagram of your model. Label the parts representing the chest cavity, mouth

and nose, diaphragm, and lungs.

7. Describe what happens to the volume inside the bottle when the large balloon is pulled downward.

8. On your diagram, label the areas of higher and lower pressure when you pull down on the large balloon. Label the areas of higher and lower pressure when the balloon is released.

9. Key Concept Use your model and air pressure diagram to explain how air gets into your lungs when you inhale.

Skill Practice continued

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lesson 1 | the respiratory...

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