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ABB FACTSSVC, STATCOM and Series Capacitor for Electrical Transmission GridsPower Grid Workshop PLN/ ABB , Bandung

Leif Andreasson Regional Marketing and Sales Manager ASIA Pacific, ABB, 2016-09-22

FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemAgenda

ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?

Dynamic Shunt Compensation – SVC and STATCOM

Series Compensation

How to specify a FACTS installation?

Example of installations – SVC and STATCOM

Example of installations – Series Compensation

© ABB Group

September 19, 2016 |

FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemExperience and History

Dynamic Shunt Compensation

SVC, since 1975

STATCOM (SVC Light®), since 1997

Series Compensation

Fixed SC, since 1950

Thyristor Controlled SC (TCSC), since

1997

A FACTS installation is a part of the system, not a product!

© ABB Group

September 19, 2016 | Slide 4

ABB FACTS

Project management

Engineering

System design

System studies

Electrical & mechanical

design

Control & protection

coordination

Civil design

Equipment incl. factory

tests

Main circuit equipment

Control & protection

system

Auxiliary systems

Steel structures &

interconnections

Site Works

Civil works

Installation

Commissioning and

acceptance tests

Training

Documentation

Project execution


ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?


Series Compensation




FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemWhat is FACTS?

FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission System

"Alternating Current Transmission Systems

incorporating power electronics-based and other

static controllers to enhance controllability and power

transfer capability.“

Definition according to IEEE.


© ABB Group


ABB FACTSMore than 800 plants supplied during the past 30 years

1-10 stations

>50 stations

11-50 stations


FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemShunt or Series Compensation

Series

compensation

Shunt

compensation

sin )( 21

12

21

X

VVP dd -=

V1/d1V2/d2

X12

P


© ABB Group


FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemExperience and History

Dynamic Shunt Compensation

SVC, since 1975

STATCOM (SVC Light®), since 1997

Series Compensation

Fixed SC, since 1950

Thyristor Controlled SC (TCSC), since

1997



ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?


Series Compensation




Dynamic shunt Compensation - SVC and STATCOMExample of Installations


FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemDynamic Shunt Compensation - SVC, STATCOM and HYBRID STATCOM


SVC – Static Var Compensator

Thyristor controlled shunt regulator of reactive power.

Line commutated converter.

STATCOM – Static Synchronous Compensator

IGBT controlled shunt regulator of reactive power.

VSC – voltage source converter.

SVC Light®

HYBRID STATCOM

Combination of STATCOM and SVC.

VSC used for continuous control.

Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) and Thyristor

Switched Reactor (TSR) used for offset.

© ABB Group


ABB FACTSBenefits of dynamic shunt compensation

Regulation and control of a defined voltage under normal and

contingency conditions

Provide fast response reactive power following contingencies

Prevent and reduce risk for voltage collapses in the grid

Prevent over voltages at loss of load

Boost voltage during undervoltage disturbances such as faults

Detect and damp active power oscillations

Increase power transfer capability, by stabilize voltage in weak

points (heavy loads) of the grid

Load balancing


Dynamic Shunt CompensationWhat Technology to Use?

• From a grid perspective, the technologies are doing the same job.

• The network requirements determines what technology to use.

• Studies are required to determine the most optimal technology!

SVC

VSC TSCTSR VSC

OR STATCOM OR HYBRID STATCOM

Harmonic FiltersTCR


© ABB Group


TCR

100 Mvar

TSC

100 Mvar

5th filter

26 Mvar

7th filter

24 Mvar

150 MVA

HV

MV bus

ABB FACTS

Power Transformer Connects the SVC main components to HV bus.

TCR – Thyristor Controlled Reactor Provides inductive power.

Dynamically controlled from zero current to full

inductive current.

Creates harmonics

Harmonic Filter Capacitors Reduces harmonics generated by the TCR.

Provides capacitive power.

Always connected!

TSC – Thyristor Switched Capacitor Provides capacitive power.

Switched off with zero current or switched on

with full capacitive current.

Reduces losses

Control System MACH™, regulate and control the SVC.

SVC – Example Single Line Diagram (-50/+150 Mvar)


© ABB Group


ABB FACTSSVC – Example Layout (-50/+150 Mvar)

1. SVC transformer

2. TCR reactors

3. TSC capacitors

4. TSC reactor

5. Harmonic filter capacitors

6. Harmonic filter reactors

7. Harmonic filter resistors

8. Control building

▪ Thyristor valves

▪ Control system

▪ Cooling pump units

9. Thyristor valve heat

exchanger

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

5

6


© ABB Group


ABB FACTSSVC – How does it work?

VT

Y/d

HV bus

MV SVC bus

Vref

Vresp

TCR TSC

Filter bank

Voltage

regulator

MACH™

Control System


© ABB Group


ABB FACTSSVC Classic – Continuous Mvar output

TCR

100 Mvar

TSC

100 Mvar

5th and 7th filters

50 Mvar (total)

150 MVA

HV

MV bus

500

150Mvar

50

ITCR ITSC

Ifilters

SVC-Light®

Example - STATCOM Layout

Cooling

VSC Valve

Control &

Protection


Control System MACH™, regulate and control the SVC.

VSC – Voltage Source Converter Dynamically controlled from full inductive current

to full capacitive current by IGBTs.

Harmonic Filters Capacitors Always connected, if they are needed!

Reduces harmonics generated by the VSC.

Provides capacitive power.

Power Transformer Connects the STATCOM main components to

HV bus.

STATCOM – Static Synchronous CompensatorSingle Line Diagram

+ VDC -

XT

FC

= ~

VSC


VSC

+ VDC -

XT

FC

Voltage

regulator

Vresp

Vref

MACHTM

Control System

VT

STATCOM How does it work?


© ABB Group


ABB FACTSMACH™ – Control & Protection

Developed for power system applications More than 400 installations!

Used in SVC, STATCOM, SC, TCSC and HVDC installations.

Designed and tested to meet power systems requirements and standards.

SCADA communication.

Cyber security.

Designed and tested according to international EMC standards.

Usability for high security and safety Modular based design.

User level access for high security and safety.

Detailed supervision of control system, thyristor valves and cooling system.

Graphical programming language for easy understandability.

Powerful debug functionalities with ability to see signals in real time.

HMI with multilanguage selection, Alarm lists and Event lists.

Built in Event Recorder and Transient Fault Recorder (TFR).

Life cycle management Configuration management for reliable handling of revisions.

Reliability Redundancy built in for high reliability.

Service Remote access giving quick assistance from our specialists.


© ABB Group


ABB FACTS

Typical values for transmission applications:

2-3 forced outages per year

>99% availability (forced)

25 to 30 year design life(typically subsystems such as control and cooling which fail as aging occurs)

SVC and STATCOM – Reliability and Availability



ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?


Series Compensation




FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission SystemSeries Compensation – SC and TCSC


SC – Fixed Series Capacitor

Capthor™ or gapless design.

One or two fixed SC segments.

TCSC – Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor

Use of one SC segment, which is fully controllable

by thyristors.

Use of two SC segments, where one segment is

fixed and the other segment is controllable by

thyristors.

© ABB Group


ABB FACTSSeries Capacitor


© ABB Group


Reduce cost of power transmission due to fewer required lines.

Avoid the need of new transmission lines

Fastest way to increase power transfer capability in the grid

Increase power transfer capability by raising the transient stability limit.

Steady state voltage regulation and raise of voltage collapse limit.

Improve reactive power balance.

Improve voltage profile on transmission line.

Load sharing between parallel circuits and loss reduction.

SSR Mitigation (TCSC).

Detection and damping of active power oscillations (TCSC).

Power flow control (TCSC).

ABB FACTSBenefits of Series Compensation


© ABB Group


Transmission Line

How to increase transmission capacity?

a) Build an extra power line

b) Series Compensation

ABB FACTS

P1 P1jXL

P2 P2

jXL

jXL

P2jXL

-jXC

P2

Benefits of Series Capacitor – Less transmission lines needed


© ABB Group


Bypass

DisconnectorIsolating

Disconnector Isolating

Disconnector

MOV

Bypass Switch (Breaker)

Platform Structure

Capacitor

Fast Protective Device

CapThor™

Discharge Current

Limiting & Damping

Equipment

OCT

OCT

OCT

OCT

OCT

ABB FACTS

Capacitor

• Provides capacitive reactance.

MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor)

• Limits the voltage stress across the capacitor immediately

during an excessive line current.

OCT (Optical Current Transducer)

• Measures current.

Fast Protective Device - CapThor™

• Fast bypass of capacitor and MOV that reduces the

amount of MOV.


• Bypass of capacitor and MOV.

Discharge Current Limiting & Damping Equipment

• Limits and damps the capacitor discharge current during a

bypass operation.

Bypass and Isolating Disconnectors

• Insulates and bypasses the Series Capacitor during

maintenance and service.

Single Line Diagram – Fixed Series Capacitor with CapThor™


© ABB Group


ABB FACTSSeries Capacitor – Example of installation

12

4

5

6

1. Capacitor

2. MOV

3. OCT

4. Fast Protective Device -

CapThor™

5. Discharge Current

Limiting & Damping

Equipment

6. Bypass Switch

(Breaker)3


© ABB Group



Developed for power system applications More than 400 installations!

Used in SVC, STATCOM, SC, TCSC and HVDC installations.

Designed and tested to meet power systems requirements and standards.

SCADA communication.

Cyber security.

Designed and tested according to international EMC standards.

Usability for high security and safety Modular based design.

User level access for high security and safety.

Detailed supervision of control system, thyristor valves and cooling system.

Graphical programming language for easy understandability.

Powerful debug functionalities with ability to see signals in real time.

HMI with multilanguage selection, Alarm lists and Event lists.

Built in Event Recorder and Transient Fault Recorder (TFR).

Life cycle management Configuration management for reliable handling of revisions.

Reliability Redundancy built in for high reliability.

Service Remote access giving quick assistance from our specialists.


© ABB Group



There are not any existing conventional protective relays for SC and

TCSC on the market!

Instead, all SC and TCSC suppliers have the protective functions

integrated in the control system!

Examples of protective functions included in MACH™ are:

Capacitor overload protection

Capacitor unbalance protection

Line current supervision

MOV overload protection, High current

MOV overload protection, High energy

MOV overload protection, High

temperature

MOV failure protection

Flashover to platform protection

Main failure protection

CapThor™ protection

Sub harmonic protection

Capacitor discharge function

Bypass switch failure protection, close

failure and open failure

Bypass switch pole disagreement

protection

Bypass switch SF6 gas low density

Disconnector pole disagreement

protection

Backup protection

etc


© ABB Group


Bypass

DisconnectorIsolating

Disconnector Isolating

Disconnector

MOV


Platform Structure

Capacitor

Fast Protective Device

CapThor™

Discharge Current

Limiting & Damping

Equipment

OCT

OCT

OCT

OCT

OCT

MACH™

Control & Protection

Optic Fiber

Optic Fiber

Optic Fiber

Optic Fiber

Optic Fiber

Optic Fiber

ABB FACTSControl & Protection – Fixed Series Capacitor with CapThor™


© ABB Group


ABB FACTS

Typical values for transmission applications:

1-2 forced outages per year

>99% availability (forced)

25 to 30 year design life

Series Capacitor – Reliability and Availability



ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?


Series Compensation




How to specify a FACTS installation?To be determined by studies and simulations!

Studies are always needed for optimal functionality!

Customer prespecification studies!

Supplier design studies!

Steady State Operation Conditions

Network Stabilty

System contingencies to support

Network short circuits

Line and generator disconnections

Dynamic performance

Grid code

Harmonic performance

Fault ride through

Reactive power balance

Stability

Neqative sequence

Point of connection


http://stage-www.abb.com/global/gad/gad02008.nsf/vwImages/51AC8034B90360FBC12577120046DEAD/$File/ABB-StatNett_199_2.jpg

http://stage-www.abb.com/global/gad/gad02008.nsf/vwImages/51AC8034B90360FBC12577120046DEAD/$File/ABB-StatNett_199_2.jpg

© ABB Group


Specifying SVC (STATCOM & HYBRID)IEEE 1031 - Guide for the Functional Specification

Can be ordered from: http://www.ieee.org/index.html

http://www.ieee.org/index.html

Studies and ModelingStages to consider for a FACTS project!

Studies for post

commissioning

system operation.

Initial feasability

studies to

determine system

limitations and

needs.

Studies to

determine type of

installation,

location and rating

of installation.

Pre specification

studies.

Pre manufacturing

equipment design

and verification

studies.

Stage 1

Planning

Stage 2

Planning

Stage 3

Performance

Stage 4

Detailed Design

Stage 5

Operation

Customer ABB Customer

Before request

for tender is

submitted!

After request for

tender is

submitted and

during contract

stage!

When the SVC is

in operation!


Studies and ModelingTypical times for FACTS project development

Project detailed

design,

manufacturing,

shipping, civil

works, installation,

commissioning

Feasability

studies, determine

rating, location,

write specification.

Design studies to

verify that system

and performance

requirements

specified will be

met!

Comparison of

tenders, Q&A,

presentations by

tenderers.

Elaborating details

of commercial

contract

Stage 1-3

Planning

Stage 4a

Tendering

Stage 4b

Evaluation

Stage 4c

Negotiation

Stage 4d

Project delivery

Customer

Approximately 6

months or longer,

depending on

customer internal

processes.

ABB

2-3 months,

depending on

documentation

requirements.

Customer

1-2 months

Customer

1 month

Specification Contract effectiveness PAC

6 12 18 24 30

ABB

Normally 15-18

months, depending

on project

requirements.


Studies and ModelingStage 1

Stage 1 - To be Performed by Customer Before Request for Tender.

Key Objectives

Identify Power System Characteristics and

System Performance Problems such as

Transient Instability

Oscillatory Instability

Steady State Instability

Short-Term Voltage Collapse

Powerflow and Thermal Rating

Reinforcement Needs

Fast vs. Slow

Shunt Compensation vs. Series Compensation



Key Objectives

Identify Solution Options

Evaluate Performance of Solution Options

Other Considerations

Location

Loss Evaluation

Availability and Reliability

Potential interaction with other devises

etc

Economics of the solution options vs. value of system benefits


Key Objectives

Provide Technical Basis and Input to

the Technical Specification and RFP

Define SVC/STATCOM Mvar and PCC Voltage

Define Loss Evaluation Criteria and Penalties

Define Harmonic Performance Requirements

Define PCC Harmonic Impedance

Define RAM Requirements based on System

Operation Constraints

Define Audible Sound Requirements


Studies and ModelingStage 3 – Example, Frequency Scanning

Stage 3 - Example, to be Performed by Customer Before Request for Tender.

Main Scenarios Summer Light, Summer Peak, Winter Light and Winter Peak

10 to100 contingencies in each scenario

200 400 600 800 1000 12000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Netw

ork

Resis

tance [

pu]

Frequency [Hz]

Summer Peak Base Case

200 400 600 800 1000 1200-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Netw

ork

Reacta

nce [

pu]

Frequency [Hz]

SIMPOW LOMOD=S

SIMPOW LOMOD=P

HSPEC

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

-0.3

-0.25

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Woree SVC, Summer Peak, Netw ork Impedance, N=3

Resistance [pu]

Reacta

nce [pu]

Stage 4 - To be Performed by ABB when Received Request

for Tender and/or during Contract stage.

Key Objectives

To verify that system and performance

requirements specified is meet!

Detailed design for equipment

manufacturing and procurement

Control and Protection

Insulation Coordination

Power Electronics

Filters

Main Circuit Equipment

Main Transformer, Reactors,

Capacitors, CT, VT etc


Studies

Pre-Manufacturing Equipment Design

and Verification Studies

Main Circuit Equipment Design and Rating

Dynamic Performance

Harmonic Performance & Filter Design

Transient, Dynamic and Over Voltage

Analysis

Control performance

Insulation Coordination

Audible Sound

Magnetic Field

etc

Stage 4 - Example, to be Performed by ABB when Received

Request for Tender and/or during Contract stage.

Woree 132 kV

Znet

(j)

TCR5th Harmonic

Filter

ITCR

TSC 7th Harmonic

Filter

11th Harmonic

Filter

ZT

Studies and ModelingStage 4 – Example, Harmonic Performance Calculation

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Woree SVC, Winter Peak, Netw ork Impedance, N=5

Resistance [pu]

Reacta

nce [pu]

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

-0.3

-0.25

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Resistance [pu]

Reacta

nce [pu]

-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2

3

4

5


Resistance [pu]

Reacta

nce [pu]

Zt

ZNZFC5

ITCR

UN

+

-

IN

ZFC7ZFC11


Stage 5 - To be Performed by Customer when

SVC/STATCOM is in operation.

Key Objectives

Customer to determine tests and studies.


ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?


Series Compensation




Example of InstallationsFrance – Dynamic Control of 225 kV Power Transmission

Background: Rapidly increased power demand in the region of Brittany.

Only about 5% of the power consumption is generated within the region.

Remote power plants connected through long and heavily loaded 400 kV and 225 kV lines.

Voltage stability a major issue, especially in the cities of Lorient and Saint Brieuc.

Solution:

Provide fast supply of reactive power upon the appearance of

faults in the grid.

Absorb reactive power to control the grid voltage during low

load or high level of distributed generation.

Prevent tripping of wind farms located in the region.

Two SVCs connected to 225 kV

Close to the town of Lorient

Poteau Rouge SVC

100 Mvar inductive to 200 Mvar capacitive

Close to the town of Saint Brieuc

Plaine Haute SVC

50 Mvar inductive to 100 Mvar capacitive

Example of InstallationsMongolia - Voltage Support for Oyu Tolgoi Gold Mine

Customer need

Support the load at outage of one of the feeding 220 kV lines for

Prevent excessive system over voltages at large load rejections

ABB solution

2 parallel SVCs rated +/-100 Mvar connected to the 220 kV grid

Special undervoltage strategy ensuring that the SVC never disconnects during an undervoltage.

Negative phase sequence control reduces unbalances between the phasees of the 220 kV system in case of short single-phase line faults.

Customer value

A flexible solution capable of stabilizing the power supply at many different events

High availability and reliability

A system adapted for planned future expansions

100 MVA

220 kV

TCR

100 Mvar

TCR

100 Mvar11th

10 Mvar

5th

71 Mvar7th

19Mvar

100 MVA

220 kV

TCR

100 Mvar

TCR

100 Mvar11th

10 Mvar

5th

71 Mvar7th

19Mvar

Background:

An increasing demand for power within the country’s economy.

Increasing opposition to constructing new power transmission lines.

A demand for better utilization of existing facilities.

Solution:

A STATCOM installed at Cerro Navia in the Central Interconnected System, the largest power system in Chile.

Rating

220 kV, 65 Mvar Inductive to 140 Mvar Capacitive.

VSC +/-102.5 Mvar

Filter 37.5 Mvar

Purpose:

Increase the power transfer from south Chile up to the capital of Santiago over the long power corridor.

Yield dynamic voltage control for steady-state and transient grid conditions.

Contribute reactive power during faults in the grid.

Example of InstallationsChile – STATCOM for Improved Transmission Capability

© ABB Group


Example of InstallationsUSA – STATCOM for Improved Power Quality

Background:

The power quality needs to be improved in the Alabama Power grid .

The Steel manufacturer SSAB must reduceharmonics, reduce flicker and improve power factor.

Solution:

A SVC-Light® (STATCOM) using multi-level VSC installed in Alabama 2015.

Rating -58/+220 Mvar

Purpose:

Improved Power Quality

Reduced harmonics

Reduced flicker

Improved power factor (cos ).

More active power could be used in the steelmanufcturing process.

Increased production

Lower production cost

© ABB Group


ABB FACTS References - East Asia (except CHINA)KEPCO

SEO-DAEGU

-100/+100 Mvar

345 kV

SAMMI STEEL

KOREA

0/+80 Mvar

30 kV

HANBO STEEL

DANGJIN-KUN5 X 0/+80 & 0/+90 Mvar

22kV & 33 kV

POHANG IRON & STEEL

KWANG YANG WORKS

0/+83 Mvar

22 kV

POSCO STAINLESS

POHANG

0/+120 Mvar

22 kV

KOHEMA

KONSAN

0/+90 Mvar

22 kV

MINING CORP.

MAYMYO

0/+15 Mvar

33 kV

EGAT

THA TAKO I & II

2 x -125/+25 Mvar

500 kV

NAKORNTHAI STRIP MILL

CHONBURI0/+160, 0/+110 & 0/+55 Mvar

33, 22 & 33 kV

SIAM CONSTR.

RAYONG

0/+110 Mvar

22 kV

NEB

KL NORTH I & II2 x -100/+100 Mvar

275 kV

MEGASTEEL

0/+95, 0/+190 &

0/+46Mvar

33 kV

ANTARA STEEL

PASIR GUDANG

0/+110 Mvar

30 kV

BARATA

SURABAYA

0/+4 Mvar

6 kV

NATSTEEL

SINGAPORE

0/+58 Mvar

22 kV

KAN WON IDUST.

POHANG

0/+115 Mvar

22 kV

POSCO IRON

& STEEL, POHANG

0/+105 Mvar

22 kV

POSCO SPECIAL STEEL

0/+95 Mvar

30 kV

CHIN TAI STEEL

KAOHSIUNG

0/+75 Mvar

22 kV

SSF STEEL

-34.2/+45.8 Mvar

23 kV

TUNG HO STEEL I & II

TAO YUAN

0/+90 Mvar, 0/+165 Mvar

22 kV, 33 kV

LO TOUN STEEL & IRON

LO TUON

0/+125 Mvar

23 kV

HAI -KWANG ENTERPRICE

HAI-KWANG

0/+65 Mvar

23 kV

SIAM IRON & STEEL

BANGKOK

0/+50 Mvar

11 kV

SIAM YAMOTO STEEL

SVC-L

0/+120 Mvar

22 kV

EGAT

BANG SAPHAN

-50/+300 Mvar

230 kV

EGAT

CHUMPON

-20/+60 Mvar

115 kV

NEB

YONG PENG

-100/+100 Mvar

275 kV

UMC METALS Ltd

UNION METAL

0/+60 Mvar, 22 kV

PUB

LABRADOR

-50/0 Mvar

230 kV

PUB

KALLANG BASIN

-100/0 Mvar

230 kV

RIO TINTO

OYU TOLGOI

2 x -100/+100 Mvar

220 kV

TAN DINH SC

101 Mvar

500 kV


ABB FACTS

What is FACTS?


Series Compensation




Background• Hydro power to be transmitted from the Comahue

region in south western Argentina to the large

consumer areas around Buenos Aires.

• Transener´s 500 kV AC power transmission corridor

has a distance of more than 1000 km.

• Increase of active power transmission capability

needed.

Solution

• Four parallel 500 kV AC lines, all series

compensated.

• Four SC totally rated 430 Mvar.

Benefits

• Transmision capacity increased by 1300MW to 4600

MW.

• Less lines needed.

• Improved transient stability.

• Improved active power sharing between the lines.

Example of SC InstallationsArgentina – 500 kV Series Capacitors

© ABB Group


Tan Dinh Series CapacitorVietnam

An ABB Series Capacitor installed in

the Tan Dinh substation at the

southern end of the 500 kV power

transmission corridor stretching

between the north and the south of

Vietnam.

The purpose of the SC is improving

the power transmission capability of

the very long corridor.

Series Capacitor rating: 101 Mvar at

500 kV.

The project was undertaken together

with ABB Substations, who also

supplied high voltage apparatus for

220 kV and 500 kV.

Series Capacitor

Background

• The Cape Corridor is a portion of the

transmission network that stretches from

Mpumalanga down to the Western Cape,

approximately 1400 km.

• Increased power transmission capacity to

the Cape region, will allow more flexibility

and reduce reliance on existing local

power generation.

• Installing of Series Compensation will

decrease the need for new lines.

Solution

• A total of six series capacitors with

Capthor™ (fast protective device) was

installed in the 765 kV national grid in

South Africa.

• The six series capacitors are located at

four sites along the Cape (see figure) • Alpha 1 & 2, each rated at 446 Mvar

• Beta 1 & 2, each rated at 1340 Mvar

• Perseus, rated at 893 Mvar

• Mercury, rated at 1119 Mvar

Example of SC InstallationsSouth Africa - 765 kV Series Capacitors

Example of Installations N/S project – Eletronorte, Brasil

Eletronorte’s need• 1200 km (750 miles) interconnection of

Eletronorte’s (North) and Furnas’ (South) 500 kV

power systems, without power oscillations.

ABB’s response• 5 FSC and 1 TCSC

• Marabá SC rated 348 Mvar

• Colinas SC rated 2x161 Mvar

• Miracena SC rated 161 Mvar

• Imperatriz SC rated 161 Mvar

• Imperatriz TCSC rated 107 Mvar

Eletronorte’s benefits• Single-line AC interconnection with TCSC with

POD (Power Oscillation Damper) functions to

mitigate power oscillations.

Brazil

North-South

Interconnection

5 SCs + 1 TCSC

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

time (sec)

Pline (

MW

)

No TCSC POD active

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

time (sec)

Pline (

MW

)

Both TCSC PODs active

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