Land Planning by Default: the expansion of the agricultural

frontier in the CerradoFabiano Toni

Third Lemann DialogueAgricultural and Environmental Issues in Brazil

November 7-8, 2013University of Illinois

Two Dimensions – Scale and Access

• Where• Amazonia vs Cerrado

• Who• Land use in the Cerrado• Modernization• Conflicts

Protected Areas and Indigenous Lands in Amazonia and the Cerrado

Amazonia CerradoPA (km2) 593,438 60,712IL (km²) 1,028,643 96,416Biome Area 4,199,000 2,040,040 (%) 38,6 7,7

Deforestation in Amazonia and Cerrado

Km2/Year % of Biome/Year

Ano 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

AmazôniaCerrado

Ano 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Source: INPE, MMA, ICMBIO

Protected Areas in Amazonia and Cerrado (Ha)

Before 2005 2005-2013

Cerrado 5,881,907 189,329

96,88% 3,12%

Amazonia 36,243,581 23,100,261

61,07% 38,93%

Traditional Farming Systems in the Cerrado

Source: ELOY (2013), adapted from Galizoni (2005)

Chapadas

Cattle ranching

Extractivism

Flood plain agricultureSwidden agriculture

High mobility

“Modernization”

• 1980s: Agricultural modernization, land privatization• 2000s: Environmental regulation, PAs• 2010s: Compensation; payments for env. services?

EucaliptusSoybeanCharcoal Irrigated agriculture

Traditional System

‘surrounded’

Land planning policy

• Market-driven• Exclusionary• Increases inequality• Undemocratic