lab 21 –female reproductive i female reproductive system i · lab 21 –female reproductive...

FemaleReproductiveSystemILab21– FemaleReproductiveSystemI

A560– Fall2015

I. IntroductionII. LearningObjectivesIII. SlidesandMicrographs

A. Ovary1. Generalstructure2. Cortexa. Pre‐ovulationFolliclesi. Primordialfollicleii. Primaryfollicleiii. Secondaryfollicleiv. Mature(Graafian)folliclev. Atretic follicle

b. Post‐ovulationFolliclesi. Corpusluteumii. Corpusalbicans

3. MedullaIV. Summary

eggemergingfromovary

witnessedunintentionallybygynecologistJacquesDonnezwhilecarryingoutapartialhysterectomy

theeggemergedfromtheovaryover15minutes;challengingthepreviously‐heldbeliefthattheprocesswasasuddenevent

Lab21– FemaleReproductiveSystemIA560– Fall2015





Learning Objectives

1. Understand the overall organization of the ovary.

2. Identify follicles at all stages of development from primordial to Graafianand understand their physiological significance.

3. Describe the process of corpus luteum formation.

4. Distinguish corpus luteum from corpus albicans and from atretic follicles,with respect to structure and function.






Keywords

atretic folliclecorona radiatacorpus albicanscorpus luteumcumulus oophorusfolliclefollicular antrumfollicular cellsgerminal epitheliumGraafian folliclegranulosa cellsgranulosa lutein cellsmature follicle

ovaryprimary follicleprimary oocyteprimordial folliclesecondary folliclesecondary oocytetheca externatheca folliculitheca internatheca lutein cellszona granulosazona pellucida






Slide13:Ovary,MassonTrichrome

medulla

cortexlookhereforovarianfollicles







tunicaalbugineaCTlayerbeneathepithelium

cortex

surface(germinal)epitheliumsimplecuboidalorcolumnarepitheliumcontinuouswithperitoneum







exampleofprimordialfollicle

exampleofprimaryfollicle

exampleofsecondaryfollicle

lookhereformaturefollicle

corpusluteum







Primordialfollicle

500,000inovaryatbirth

severalmillionpresentbeforebirth;manyundergoatresia(degeneration)

Primaryfollicle

20developeachmonth

allbutonewilleventuallyundergoatresia

Secondaryfollicle

onlyafewofthe20folliclesreachthisstage

Maturefollicle

the“Highlander”follicle–therecanbeonlyone







primaryoocytelargenucleuswithdispersedfinelygranularchromatinandprominentnucleolus

follicularcellssinglelayerofflattenedcells







primaryoocyte

greatlyenlarged

zonagranulosaseverallayersofgranulosacellsasprimaryfolliclecontinuestogrow

zonapellucida (Lt.“translucent)thicklayerofglycoproteinsand

proteoglycans

thecafolliculi (Lt.“follicularsheath”)fromsurroundingstromalcells;separatedfromgranulosacellsbybasementmembrane

follicularcells granulosacellsfollicularcellsenlargeandbecomecuboidalinshape;astheybecomestratified,theyare

referredtoasgranulosacells







primaryoocyte

zonapellucida

zonagranulosaw/cumulusoophorus(Lt.“egg‐bearingmound”)thickenedlayerofgranulosacells

follicularantrum

fromfusionofsmallfluid‐filledspacesbetweengranulosacells;

filledwithfollicularfluid

thecaexterna&interna

interna developsseverallayersof

hormone‐producing,

roundedcells;externahas

spindle‐shapedcellsandblendsintosurrounding

stroma







secondaryoocyte

thecainterna &externa

zonapellucida

coronaradiataremnantcellsofcumulusoophorus;severallayerssurroundoocyte

zonagranulosa

follicularantrum

smallbridgesofcellsconnectcoronaradiata togranulosacells;bridgeswillbreakbeforeovulationandoocyte/coronaradiata willfloatfreeinsidefollicle







atretic follicles(degenerative)mayoccuratanystageofdevelopmentoftheovum

variousappearancesdependinguponthestageofdevelopmentreachedandtheprogressofatresia

featurestolookfor:1.degenerationofoocyte2.disaggregationofgranulosacells3.thickeningofbasementmembranebetweengranulosacellsandthecacells;knownas“glassymembrane”4.cellsanddebrisinantrum5.atretic follicleseventuallyreplacedbycorporafibrosa,mostofwhicheventuallydisappear







after ovulation, follicle collapses and fills with blood clot to form corpus luteum (Lt. “yellow”); granulosa cellsincrease in size (called granulosa lutein cells) and begin secreting progesterone and estrogens; theca interna cellsalso increase in size (called theca lutein cells) and secrete progesterone (lack aromatase to form estrogens);basement membrane between granulosa cells and theca interna breaks down, vasculature invades, and structuretakes on general appearance of an endocrine gland; structure will last 12‐14 days unless pregnancy has occurred(and HCG from placenta maintains corpus luteum which continues to enlarge)






Slide58:OvaryandCorpusLuteum,H&E

Lookincrevicesandperipheryforthecaluteincells

lookincenterforgranulosaluteincells






Slide58:OvaryandCorpusLuteum,H&E

thecaluteincells

granulosaluteincells






Slide61:Ovary,H&E

corpusalbicans

corpora albicantes (Lt. “white”) are inactive fibrous tissue masses formed from involution ofcorpus luteum; secretory cells of corpus luteum undergo autolysis and are phagocytosed bymacrophages; corpora albicantes increase in number with age – however most regress completely

lookforfibroblastsandmacrophages(maycontainpigment)







medullalacksfollicles;containsCT,largevessels(helicine arteries)andlymphatics

smallbundlesofsmoothmusclemaybepresent

hilus cells,similartoLeydig cells,arealsopresentinmedulla;tumorscanleadtovirilization

ovarianligament

w/vessels

mesovarium hilum






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lab 21 –female reproductive i female reproductive system i · lab 21 –female reproductive...

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