female reproductive system 1 female reproductive anatomy e.naghshineh m.d

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

E.NAGHSHINEH M.D

2FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

EXTERNAL GENTILIA

• The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible

• The vulva includes:

• Mons pubis

• Labia majora

• Labia minora

• Clitoris

• Urethral opening

• Vaginal opening

• Perineum


3The external genital structures of the mature female.


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MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS)

• The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone

• It protects the pubic symphysis

• During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis

• Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness


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LABIA MAJORA

• Referred to as the outer lips

• They have a darker pigmentation

• The Labia Majora:

• Protect the introitus and urethral openings

• Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands

• Mass of fat, plexus of veins


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LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)

• Referred to as the “inner lips”

• Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal

• Located inside the labia majora

• They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora


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CLITORIS

• Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue

• It is made up of a shaft and a glans • Becomes engorged with blood during sexual

stimulation (2*1)• key to sexual pleasure for most women• Urethral opening is located directly below

clitoris


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VAGINAL OPENINGINTROITUS

• In virginal women hidden by overlapping labia minora

• Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen

• Imperforated hymen: vaginal orifice isvaginal orifice is occluded completely ,retention of menstrual menstrual dischargedischarge


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PERINEUM

• The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal

• It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts

• The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to touch

• An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening


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INTERNAL GENITALIA

• The internal genitalia consists of the:

• Vagina

• Cervix

• Uterus

• Fallopian Tubes

• Ovaries


11The female internal reproductive system (side view).


12The female internal reproductive system (front view).


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VAGINA

• The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals

• It is located between the bladder and rectum• It functions :• As a passageway for the menstrual flow• For uterine secretions to pass down through the

introitus• As the birth canal during labor• With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes

lubricated during sexual intercourse


CERVIX

• The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina

• The cervical opening to the vagina is small

• This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus

• During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus

• This dilation is a sign that labor has begun


UTERUS

• A pear shaped organ• Located between bladder and rectum • Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9 to 10)• It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium

and perimetrium• The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to

accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal


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FALLOPIAN TUBES

• Length:8 to 14 cm• Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus• Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm• Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla,

infundibulum• Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to

travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining


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OVARIES

• Almond-shaped organs, development and extrusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones

• A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles

• During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization

• The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen

• These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg


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ARTERIES

• Uterine and ovarian art

• Uterine art: Internal iliac (Hypogastric) art

• Ovarian art: direct branch of Aorta


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VEINS

• Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Common iliac vein

• Right ovarian vein ;IVC

• Left ovarian vein ;Left renal vein


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PELVIC

• Pelvic composed of four bone: sacrum , coccyx and two innominate bones

• Innominate bones: ilium, ischium, pubis• False pelvis ;above the linea terminalis• True pelvis ; below the linea terminalis


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Pelvic Girdle (Hip)

Figure 7.27a


22Image from Table 7.4

Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure


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PLANS AND DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS

• 1.Pelvic inlet

• 2.Pelvic outlet

• 3.Midpelvis

• 4.Greatest pelvic dimensions


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PELVIC DIAMETERS

• Obstetrical conjugate; shortest distance between promontory of sacrum and the symphysis pubis;10 cm or more

• True conjugate

• Diagonal conjugate


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CALDWELL-MOLOY CLASSIFICATION

• Gynecoid pelvis

• Android pelvis

• Anthropoid pelvis

• Platypelloid pelvis


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GYNEOID PELVIS(50%)

It is the normal female type. 1. Inlet is slightly transverse oval. 2. Sacrum is wide with average

concavity and inclination. 3. Side walls are straight with blunt

ischial spines. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide.

5. Subpubic angle is 90-100o.


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Anthropoid pelvis (25%):

1. It is ape-like type.

2. All anteroposterior diameters are long.

3. All transverse diameters are short.

4. Sacrum is long and narrow.

5. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide.

6. Subpubic angle is narrow.


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Android pelvis (20%):

1. It is a male type.

2. Inlet is triangular or heart-shaped with anterior narrow apex.

3. Side walls are converging (funnel pelvis) with projecting ischial spines.

4. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow.

5. Subpubic angle is narrow <90o.


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1. It is a flat female type.

2. All anteroposterior diameters are short.

3. All transverse diameters are long.

4. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow.

5. Subpubic angle is wide.

Platypelloid pelvis (5%):


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female reproductive system 1 female reproductive anatomy e.naghshineh m.d

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