Kingdom Protist

What is a Protist?

all are eukaryotes and are not animals, plants, or fungi

There are 3 basic groups:

1) Animal-like protists: heterotrophs

2) Plant-like protists: autotrophs

3) Fungus-like protists: decomposers

Animal-like Protists:

All are heterotrophic

1) Zooflagellates

Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:

can cause disease or live mutually with organisms like the termite; found in their intestines to break down wood

Part used for movement: 1 or more flagella Does it cause disease?

Yes, cause African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma) and can cause Giardiasis, intestine troubles (Giardia)

2) Amoeba

Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:

wraps pseudopods (temporary projection of cytoplasm) around food

ingests food through endocytosis Part used for movement: pseudopod Does it cause disease?

Yes, Amoebic Dysentery. caused by eating/drinking where conditions are not sanitary

Food vacuole

Nucleus

Contractile vacuole

Pseudopods

Section 20-2

Figure 20-4 An Amoeba

Go to Section:

3) Paramecium Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:

sweeps food into mouth using cilia (tiny hair-like structures)

Part used for movement: cilia

Does it cause disease? No

Anal pore

GulletOral groove

TrichocystsLysosomes

Food vacuoles

Contractile vacuole

Micronucleus

MacronucleusCilia

Section 20-2

Figure 20-5 A Ciliate

Go to Section:

4) Sporozoans

Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:

parasitic and requires a host Part used for movement: they don’t move Does it cause disease?

Yes, Malaria in humans which kills 2-4 million people a year

Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body

Section 20-2

Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium

Mosquito bites human, injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites

Plasmodium sporozoites

Sporozoites infect liver cells

Liver

Infected liver cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells that infect red blood cells

Plasmodium cells

Red blood cells

Infected red blood cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells; some can infect other red blood cells, and others can infect mosquitoes

Anopheles mosquito bites infected human and picks up Plasmodium cells

Go to Section:

Plant-like Protists:

any photosynthetic protist produce a large amount of the world oxygen the pigments each protist uses helps us classify it

1) Euglena

Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:

uses a red-eye spot that sense light are mainly autotrophic, but can be heterotrophs contain chlorophyll but no cell wall

Part used for movement: 2 flagella Does it cause disease? No

Gullet

Chloroplast

NucleusEyespotFlagella

Section 20-3

Euglena

Carbohydrate storage bodies

Pellicle

Contractile vacuole

Go to Section:

2) Diatoms

Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:

Fragile glass-like cell walls Among the most abundant organisms on Earth Used to make toothpastes and scouring cleansers

Part used for movement: no specialized parts, just floats with the water

Does it cause disease? No

3) Dinoflagellates

Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:

Thick cell walls Some are luminescent: give off light Red tide, occurs when dinoflagellates release a toxin into

the water at certain times of year, this kills off ocean life and poses a health risk

Part used for movement: 2 flagella that cause it to spin

Does it cause disease? No

4) Red Algae

Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:

Contain red pigments Part used for movement: don’t move Does it cause disease? No

5) Brown Algae

Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:

contains brown pigments largest and most complex of

all algae kelp, important food source

Part used for movement: don’t move

Does it cause disease? No

6) Green Algae

Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:

Considered to be the ancestors of plants Part used for movement: don’t move Does it cause disease? No

Fungus-like Protists: heterotrophs (decomposers) that absorb

nutrients from dead or decaying matter and can also be parasitic

reproduce using spores (reproductive cells that are resistant to harsh environments)

Includes slime molds, and water molds Scientists think the Irish potato famine of late

1800’s was possibly caused by water mold