Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

What is a Protist?What is a Protist? unicellular or multicellularunicellular or multicellular anything except plants, anything except plants,

animals, or fungianimals, or fungi 65,000 species65,000 speciesAutotrophs, heterotrophs, Autotrophs, heterotrophs,

or bothor both

What is a Protist?What is a Protist? classified according to the classified according to the

way they moveway they moveFound in freshwater, Found in freshwater,

marine, and moist habitatsmarine, and moist habitats many are free living but many are free living but

some are parasiticsome are parasitic

Protist ReproductionProtist Reproduction

1.1. Most reproduce asexually Most reproduce asexually by binary fissionby binary fission

2.2. Some species reproduce Some species reproduce sexually by conjugationsexually by conjugation

Protist ClassificationProtist Classification

3 categories1.animal-like2.Fungus-like3.Plant-like

Protist ClassificationProtist Classification

4 phyla based on movement1. Sarcodina2. Ciliophora3. Zoomastigina4. Sporozoa

Phylum Sarcodina

Move and obtain food via pseudopods (false feet)

Phylum Sarcodina

called sarcodines Found in freshwater, marine, &

moist soil habitats reproduce by binary fission No definite shape EX. Amoeba amoebic dysentery – spread

through contaminated water

Phylum Sarcodina

Amoeba Video

Phylum Sarcodina

Paramecium Video

Amoeba pseudopodia engulfing a paramecium

Phylum CiliphoraPhylum Ciliphora

Largest group; called ciliatesMove by ciliaCilia short hairlike projections used to move, get food, and senses

Mostly freshwater; some marine

Phylum Ciliphora

Reproduce sexually or asexually

Paramecium is best example

Phylum Zoomastigina

Called zooflagellatesCalled zooflagellates Move by flagellaMove by flagella

FlagellaFlagella long whiplike long whiplike structures to movestructures to move

Freshwater or marineFreshwater or marine Usually live inside other Usually live inside other

organisms – contaminated waterorganisms – contaminated water

Phylum Phylum ZoomastiginaZoomastigina

Some are parasites – trypanosome, causes African sleeping sickness

Spread by the bite of the tsetse fly

Phylum Zoomastigina

some are some are mutalistic mutalistic

Mutalistic—> Mutalistic—> symbiotic symbiotic relationship where relationship where both organisms both organisms benefitbenefit

TrichonymphaTrichonympha lives lives inside termites & inside termites & digests cellulose digests cellulose

Phylum Sporozoa

Called sporozoans - parasitesCalled sporozoans - parasites Form sporesForm spores

sporespore reproductive structure reproductive structure adapted for dispersionadapted for dispersion

Don’t move; carried from one Don’t move; carried from one host to anotherhost to another

Live in the body fluids of hosts Live in the body fluids of hosts

Phylum Sporozoa

Malaria – caused by the Malaria – caused by the plasmodium sporozoan plasmodium sporozoan

Carries by the female Carries by the female anopheles mosquitoanopheles mosquito

#1 killer worldwide#1 killer worldwide Every 30 seconds, child dies of Every 30 seconds, child dies of

malariamalaria

Plant like ProtistsPlant like Protists

algae autotrophsMostly unicellularUnicellular to very largeProduce most of the oxygen on earth - photosynthesis

Plant like ProtistsPlant like Protists Used to make a

variety of products As a thickening

agent in puddings, ice cream

Used as food for animals (processed)

DiatomsDiatoms Important food source Important food source

in oceansin oceans Shells are made of Shells are made of

silica – used to make silica – used to make glassglass

Form diatomaceous Form diatomaceous earthearth

diatomaceous earthdiatomaceous earth abrasive and used in abrasive and used in detergents, detergents, toothpaste, toothpaste, insecticides, etc. insecticides, etc.

A Diatom devours a Paramecium

Dinoflagellates

90% marineBioluminescence – produce light

Poisonous red tides which can be harmful to shellfish

Red TidesRed Tides

EuglenaEuglena

FreshwaterAnimal and

plant like – contains chloroplasts

Fungus like ProtistsFungus like Protists

Heterotrophs and have cell walls

Reproduce by sporesdecomposersNot a fungus because they can move at some point

EX. mildew and water molds

Water mold on dead Water mold on dead larvae?larvae?

IMPORTANCE OF PROTISTS

ECOLOGICAL ROLES Provide an essential food base in aquatic

food chains Carry out more than 30-40% of Earth’s

photosynthesis Protozoans help keep the number of

bacteria in check

Kingdom Fungi

What is a Fungus?

multicellular heterotrophs live on dead organisms - saprophyte

decompose and recycle nutrients

Reproduce by spores

What is a What is a Fungus?Fungus?

Grow in warm, moist Grow in warm, moist environmentsenvironments

yeast, mushrooms, and yeast, mushrooms, and moldsmolds

Fungus Parts1. Hyphae thin cells of a

fungus Grow into food and secrete

digestive chemicals into it2. Mycelium many hyphae

tangled together – the body

Fungus PartsFungus Parts

3. Fruiting body part that you see growing from the soil

Reproductive structure -contains the spores

Fungus PartsFungus Parts

Fungus PartsFungus Parts

How are Fungi spread?How are Fungi spread?

Spores can be Spores can be dispersed mostly by dispersed mostly by wind, but also by rain wind, but also by rain drops, animals, drops, animals, insects, waterinsects, water

Sporangia mold

Eyelash Fungus

Bread MoldBread Mold

Puffball mushroom Puffball mushroom releasing sporesreleasing spores

Fungal DiseasesFungal Diseases

Many are Many are harmless and harmless and easy to treateasy to treat

fusariumfusarium serious fungal serious fungal infection of infection of the cornea the cornea

Fungal DiseasesFungal Diseases

RingwormRingworm affects affects the skin; usually the the skin; usually the scalpscalp

Athelete’s footAthelete’s foot tinea tinea infection between the infection between the toestoes

Athlete’s FootAthlete’s Foot

RingwormRingworm

RingwormRingworm