Slide 1

Slide 2 Kimberly Afcha and Danielle Hettmann Slide 3 Measure of capacity of the runway Based on the following assumptions: Continuous supply of arrivals and/or departures Air Traffic Control rule no simultaneous Runway Occupancy (SRO) Air Traffic Control rule safe Wake Vortex Separation Distances between two flights Static fleet mix Approach procedure does not change Slide 4 Five considerations: 1. ATC Safety Rule: no Simultaneous Runway Occupancy (SRO) 2. ATC Safety Rule: Maintain Wake Vortex Separation Distance between lead and follow aircraft 3. ATC Controller/Pilot Separation Control Accuracy: ATC/Pilots insert a buffer distance to avoid violating separation rules 4. Fleet Mix: determines the type of aircraft in the lead- follow pairs. The type of aircraft determines the separation distance used. Small aircraft following large aircraft require longer distances than large aircraft following large aircraft. 5. Final Approach Path Distance: the length of time lead- follow aircraft fly the approach in pairs and separation Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Simultaneous Runway Occupancy (SRO): MCT = 3600 seconds/ROT Wake Vortex Separation Distance Determined by separation distance Wake vortices generated off wing-tips of aircraft Strength of the vortex is governed by the weight, speed, and shape of the wing of the generating aircraft Slide 8 MCT = 3600 / (s/v) where t = s/v t = inter-arrival time s = distance between aircraft at runway threshold v = groundspeed of aircraft Example: Heavy following Heavy, t=96 seconds MCT = 36000 / 96 = 37.5 flights/hour Slide 9 Separation distance is determined through coordination of ATC and pilot Separation Buffer: MCT = 3600 / ((s/v)+b) t = inter-arrival time s = distance between aircraft at runway threshold v = groundspeed of aircraft b = buffer Example: Heavy following Heavy, t=96 seconds MCT = 36000 / (96 + 10)= 34 flights/hour Slide 10 MCT = Min(MCT SRO, MCT WVSD, MCT WVSDB ) SRO = Single Runway Occupancy WVSD = Wake Vortex Separation Distance WVSDB = Wake Vortex Separation Distance and Buffer (ATC/Controller Buffer) Simplified to: MCT = Min(MCT SRO, MCT WVSDB ) Slide 11 Slide 12 MTC = Min ( MTC SRO, MTC WVSDB ) Fleet MixProbability of Type of Aircraft H.3 L.2 M.25 S Slide 13 1. Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) 2. Probability of lead-follow Slide 14 E[ROT] = i (p i * ROT i ) E[ROT] = (.3*80) + (.2*65) + (.25*50) + (.25* 45) = 60.75 Slide 15 MTC SRO = 3600/ E[ROT] MTC SRO = 3600/60.75 = 59.26 Slide 16 1. The separation distance between the lead and the follow (sij) 2. The groundspeed of the aircraft (vj) 3. The probability of a lead-follow pair (pij) Slide 17 Inter-arrival time (t ij ) Inter-arrvial time matrix T E[T ij ] = i j (p ij *( T ij )) Slide 18 Tij = sij/vj for compression case Tij = ((r + sij)/vj ) (r/ vi ) for separation case Slide 19 Lead slower than Follow Compression distance- additional distance used by Follow as it catches up to Lead Compression Time = r/(Vj Vi) Cases: H-H, H-L, H-M, H-S, L-L, L-M, L-S, M-M, M-S, S-S Slide 20 Lead faster than Follow Separation Distance- additional distance at the runway threshold caused by Lead faster than Follow Separation Time= ((r + sij)/vj ) (r/ vi ) Cases: S-M, S-L, SH, M-L, M-H, H-L. Slide 21 MTC = 3600 seconds/E[t ij ] E[t ij ]= (.09*120)+(.06*188)++(.06*120) =141.9 MCT = 3600 seconds/141.9 = 25.368 Slide 22 MTC = 3600/E[tij] Where tij = Tij + b E[tij]= 146.9 seconds MTC= 3600/ 146.9 = 24.505 arrivals per hour Slide 23 Recall MTC = Min ( MTC SRO, MTC WVSDB ) MTC = Min (59.26, 24.505) = 24.505 arrivals per hour