jr nervous system
DESCRIPTION
Junior nervous system A&PTRANSCRIPT
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Junior Nervous System
Janet. J. Nelson RN, CMA
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DID YOU KNOW?• The human brain is made up of a staggering
15 billion cells with about thousand billion connections between these cells. Yet it weighs less than 3 pounds.
• At three pounds the brain makes up on 2% of the total body weight but consumes 25% of energy of the entire body
• The spinal cord is less than 2 feet long but controls over 2 billion nerve cells.
• The nervous system transmits impulses to the brain at the speed of 180 mph.
• The brain is as soft as butter.
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Student Objectives1. Describe the functions of NS2. List the main divisions of NS3. Define & label neuron4. Differentiate between motor and sensory
neuron5. Identify the parts of brain and spinal cord6. Describe and label functions of the parts
of brain7.Describe and label functions of the spinal
cord8. Identify disorders of the NS.
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How many nervous system/s are there?
• One with two subdivisions: CNS PNS
PNS is further divided into autonomic and motor
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Afferent vs. Efferent
Neurons too can be afferent, efferent or association
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Neurons vs.Neuroglia
• Neurons: functional nervous cells• Neuroglia: nerve “glue”
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Nerve conduction animation• http://www.pennmedicine.org/
encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000089&ptid=17
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Typical Neuron
AXON WITH MYELIN SHEATH
CELL BODY DENDRITE
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Review Game
• http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/nervous/default.html
• Please label the Neuron 2 Short and the Neuron structure short.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF NEURONS
• IRRITABILITY:• CONDUCTIVITIY:
• Sensory Neurons• Motor Neurons• Connecting Neurons
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Fun facts about neurons
• Most specialized cell in animals
• Longest cell– blue whale neuron
• 10-30 meters
– giraffe axon• 5 meters
– human neuron• 1-2 meters
Nervous system allows for 1 millisecond response timeNervous system allows for 1 millisecond response time
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Neurons
• Most nerves contain both motor and sensory fibers.
• However; there are a few purely sensory nerves…..
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Neuron transmission terms
• Electrochemical• Polarized• Depolarized• Action potential
•Repolarized•Sodium-Potassium Pump
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Synapse
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Animation of neuron transmission
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html
• http://www.brainexplorer.org/neurological_control/Neurological_Neurotransmission.shtml#
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Jumping the synaptic gap
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__transmission_across_a_synapse.html ??????
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Cocaine & other drugs
• Scientist believe cocaine causes release of Dopamine and blocks it’s reabsorption.
• Eventually the person makes no Dopmaine of own and is dependent on artificial supplementation with Cocaine.
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Did you know?
• Adult human brain weighs about 3#.
• Brain is the texture of cold oatmeal.
• The brain itself cannot feel pain The brain is surrounded by loads of tissues, nerves and blood vessels that are plenty receptive to pain.
• 80% of the brain is water.
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Meninges
Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater
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Lumbar Puncture
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SPINAL DEFECTSSpinal Bifida
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
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CEREBRAL VENTRICLESLateral Venticles Foramen of
Monroe 3rd Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct 4th Ventricle
Subarachnoid space Returning to
cranial venous supply by arachnoid villi
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ENCEPHALOCLE
Sagittal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan through the midline shows brain heniation through the sphenoid into the nasal cavity (arrow).
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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
• Made in the choroid plexus from blood
• Functions for protection and nutrition
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Brain
• Three Parts- – Cerebrum
- Cerebellum - Brain Stem
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Cerebrum
• Convolutuions (gyri)
• Sulci (sulcus
• Fissures
Three Parts- CerebrumCerebellumBrain Stem
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Cerebral Lobes
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Parkinson's Disease
• Huntington’s Chorea (Disease)
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DIENCEPHALON (INTERBRAIN)
• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Epithalamus
(pineal gland)
The diencephalon is colored reddish-orange
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Cerebrovascular Accident
04/09/23
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CEREBELLUM
04/09/23
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04/09/23
BRAIN STEM
Notice the size of the Thalamus and position of brain stem
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SPINAL CORD
• In cross section gray matter internally and white matter exteriorly
• Spinal nerves (31) emerge laterally from cord
04/09/23
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SPINAL CORD
Can you locate the:• Spinal cord?• Spinal nerves?• Cerebellum?• Dura mater?• Medulla Oblongate?
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CAUDA EQUINA
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SPINAL NERVES
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How a Reflex HappensHow a Reflex Happens
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CRANIAL NERVES
I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial VIII - Auditory IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglassal
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Bell’s Palsy
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ANS
• Sympathetic (Fight or Flight)
• Parasympathetic(Rest & Digest) or
(Repair & Repose)
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